Éditeur(s) : INRA : Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Université des Antilles. Service commun de la documentation INRA : Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Université des Antilles. Service commun de la documentation
Extrait de : 52e congrès annuel de la Société caribéenne des plantes alimentaires / 52nd annual meeting of the Caribbean food crops society (CFCS), du 10 au 16 juillet 2016. INRA, CFCS
Description : The importance of longevity as an economically trait gives a picture of the flock efficiency and adaptation in a particular environment. A study was conducted in the experimental herd of Creole goats at INRA in Guadeloupe in order to test environmental (year and season at first kidding, age at first kidding and weight at first mating as well as genetic (index of resistance, sire) factors that affect longevity of does. Lifetime data set of 387 Creole does, reared at pasture all year long, was recorded over a period of 11 years (2001-2012). Does were bred for reproduction at 11months of age. Three mating periods were organized per year, corresponding to 3 climatic seasons, using buck effect. Data were analyzed using survival models (Survival Kit 6.1). The average age for culling was 5.03 years. The culling rate was higher for goats between 2 and 3 years (17 and 24%) and then gradually decreased. Year and season at first kidding did not have a long term influence on does? longevity; neither does age at first kidding. In contrast, weight at first mating had a significant effect and it can be recommended to farmers to mate primiparous goats heavier than 17 kg. Heritability was estimated to 0.16 allowing some genetic progress. No significant correlation was shown with the genetic breeding value of resistance to gastrointestinal parasitism. This study gave indications to breeders to improve their female flock management and increase does? longevity. L'importance de la longévité comme trait économique donne une image de l'efficacité et de l'adaptation de troupeau dans un environnement particulier. Une étude a été entreprise dans le troupeau expérimental de chèvres créoles à l'AICN en Guadeloupe afin d'examiner ambiant (l'année et la saison d'abord badiner, âge d'abord badiner et poids d'abord joindre aussi bien que (index de résistance, de père) les facteurs génétiques affectez dont la longévité fait. L'ensemble de données de vie du Créole 387 fait, élevé au pâturage tout au long de l'année, a été enregistré pendant 11 ans (2001-2012). Fait ont été multipliés pour la reproduction à 11months d'âge. Trois périodes d?accouplement ont été organisées par an, correspondant à 3 saisons climatiques, utilisant l'effet de mâle. Des données ont été analysées utilisant des modèles de survie (trousse de survie 6,1). L'âge moyen pour cueillir était de 5,03 ans. Le taux de cueillage était plus haut pour des chèvres entre 2 et 3 ans (17 et 24%) et alors graduellement diminué. L'année et la saison à premier badiner n'ont pas eu une influence à long terme sur la longévité des does ; ni l'un ni l'autre ne vieillit d'abord badiner. En revanche, le poids au premier accouplement a eu un effet significatif et il peut recommander aux agriculteurs de joindre les chèvres primipares des que 17 kilogrammes plus lourds. L'héritabilité a été estimée à 0,16 permettant du progrès génétique. Aucune corrélation significative n'a été montrée avec la valeur d'élevage génétique de la résistance au parasitisme gastro-intestinal. Cette étude a donné des indications aux éleveurs afin d'améliorer la gestion féminine de troupeau et d'augmenter la longévité de ces dernières.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V16262
V16262
V16262

Éditeur(s) : INRA : Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Université des Antilles. Service commun de la documentation
Extrait de : 52e congrès annuel de la Société caribéenne des plantes alimentaires / 52nd annual meeting of the Caribbean food crops society (CFCS), du 10 au 16 juillet 2016. INRA, CFCS
Description : In the new context of the agro-ecological transition, present agricultural systems will have to produce more and better in a more constraint world. Mixed crop livestock systems (MCLS) represent sound alternative ways to progressively achieve these goals through crop-livestock integration (CLI). CLI exploits the synergies between cropping and livestock systems through organic fertilization with manure or plant association, use of crop residues to feed livestock, .... It offers many opportunities to improve productivity, as well as to increase resource use efficiency and improve the resilience of the whole farming system. In the scientific literature, authors advocate the interest of MLCS and CLI, based on theoretical considerations, modelling and empirical evidence from local case studies. But these studies do not clearly identify the respective roles of diversity of activities and CLI management practices in improving performances at the level of the whole farming system. Our aim was thus to assess CLI at farm scale in a range of MCLS and to explain farm performances by analyzing the combination of activities and the level of integration. We conducted our analyses in Guadeloupe, (French West Indies), where MCLS and CLI are complex but important challenges for local agricultural. In order to analyze CLI in a holistic and systemic way, we applied a method traditionally used in ecology, ecological network analysis, to study the structure, functioning and performance of agrosystems. This method was implemented on a range of Guadeloupian MCLS where CLI practices where identified. Nitrogen was retained to conduct the analysis due to its central role for both animal and vegetal productions. The ENA method allows an estimation of productivity, resilience, efficiency, productivity and self- sufficiency of the flows network. Our results show that 1/ efficiency and resilience appear correlated to the complexity and intensity of the network of flows; 2/ efficiency and resiliency are positively correlated when we consider them in terms of N flows; 3/ in the Guadeloupian context, CLI concerns mainly specific practices, as feeding pigs with a wide range of crop residues and organic fertilization of small market gardens and plots used to grow tubers. But at whole system level, CLI remains rare and mainly depends on conventional management practices as mineral fertilization and animal complementation of some farming activities as sugar cane, cattle breeding and banana. Moreover, the combination of productions implemented determines the potential of CLI and related performances linked to relative N efficiency of each production. Consequently, performance and especially efficiency and self-sufficiency depend more on the nature of the activity than on CLI management practices. There is still a gap between theoretical studies and CLI in practice, even though CLI is more complicated than simple flows and provides other services and functions. Dans le nouveau contexte de la transition agro-écologique, les systèmes agricoles actuels devront produire plus et les améliorer dans plus de monde de contrainte. Les systèmes mélangés de bétail de culture (MCLS) représentent des manières alternatives saines d'atteindre progressivement ces buts par l'intégration de culture-bétail (CLI). Le CLI exploite les synergies entre l'emblavage et les systèmes de bétail par la fertilisation organique avec l'association d'engrais ou d'usine, utilisation des résidus de culture d'alimenter le bétail,?. Il donne beaucoup d'occasions d'améliorer la productivité, aussi bien que d'augmenter l'efficacité d'utilisation de ressource et d'améliorer la résilience du système d'exploitation agricole entier. Dans la littérature scientifique, les auteurs préconisent l'intérêt de MLCS et de CLI, basé sur des considérations théoriques, modeler et des preuves empiriques des études de cas locales. Mais ces études n'identifient pas clairement les rôles respectifs de la diversité des activités et des pratiques de gestion de CLI en améliorant des interprétations au niveau du système d'exploitation agricole entier. Notre but était ainsi d'évaluer le CLI à l'échelle de ferme dans une gamme de MCLS et d'expliquer des interprétations de ferme en analysant la combinaison des activités et du niveau de l'intégration. Nous avons réalisé nos analyses en Guadeloupe, (des Antilles françaises), où MCLS et le CLI sont des défis complexes mais importants pour agricole local. Afin d'analyser le CLI d'une manière holistique et systémique, nous avons appliqué une méthode traditionnellement employée en écologie, analyse réseau écologique, pour étudier la structure, le fonctionnement et l'interprétation des agrosystems. Cette méthode a été appliquée sur une chaîne de Guadeloupian MCLS où des pratiques en matière de CLI où identifiée. L'azote a été maintenu pour réaliser l'analyse due à son rôle central pour les productions animales et végétales. La méthode d'ENA permet une évaluation de la productivité, de la résilience, de l'efficacité, de la productivité et de l'autosuffisance du réseau d'écoulements. Nos résultats prouvent que 1 efficacités et résiliences semblent corrélées avec la complexité et l'intensité du réseau des écoulements ; 2 efficacité et élasticité sont franchement corrélés quand nous les considérons en termes d'écoulements de N ; 3 dans le contexte de Guadeloupian, CLI concerne principalement des pratiques spécifiques, en tant que les porcs de alimentation par un large éventail de résidus de culture et de fertilisation organique de petits jardins du marché et complots employés pour cultiver des tubercules. Mais à au niveau système entier, le CLI demeure rare et dépend principalement des pratiques de gestion conventionnelles en tant que complémentation minérale de fertilisation et d'animal de quelques activités agricoles comme canne à sucre, élevage et banane. D'ailleurs, la combinaison des productions mises en application détermine le potentiel du CLI et des interprétations relatives liés à l'efficacité relative de N de chaque production. En conséquence, l'interprétation et particulièrement l'efficacité et l'autosuffisance dépendent davantage de la nature de l'activité que sur des pratiques de gestion de CLI. Il y a toujours un espace entre les études et le CLI théoriques dans la pratique, quoique le CLI soit plus compliqué que des écoulements simples et fournisse d'autres services et fonctions.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V16247
V16247

Éditeur(s) : INRA : Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Université des Antilles. Service commun de la documentation University of Suriname
Extrait de : 52e congrès annuel de la Société caribéenne des plantes alimentaires / 52nd annual meeting of the Caribbean food crops society (CFCS), du 10 au 16 juillet 2016. INRA, CFCS
Description : The import data from the Ministry of Trade indicates that Suriname has increased pesticides imports over the last five years. According to research evidence, as much as 80% of potential production in various crops including rice would be lost as a result of agricultural pests without crop protection measures. Even though the benefits of chemical pesticides use are clear, negative health and environmental impacts of their use are also evident. In lieu of this information a study was conducted to determine small rice farmers? perceptions on their knowledge of pesticide use, and safety of pesticides in rice production For this investigation a questionnaire was adapted from a pesticide use survey to generate and collect meaningful data on perceptions of small rice farmer?s knowledge and practices related to pesticide use and safety aspects in rice production in Nickerie. The sample population consisted of 200 small rice farmers.?The collected data was analyzed using SPSS and Microsoft Excel. Descriptive statistics and correlation were used to describe the data. Findings reveal that the rice farmers are male, on the average older than 50 years and have more than 15 years of experience with rice production. Results also reveal that farmers perceive the recommended dosage as too little and therefore increase the dosage. They often mix different types of pesticides and do not use all of their protective equipment while spraying. Based on the results it is recommended to develop pesticide policies to stimulate farmers to practice safe pesticide use in Suriname. Les données d'importation du ministère du commerce indiquent que le Surinam a augmenté des importations de pesticides au cours des cinq dernières années. Selon des preuves de recherches, pas moins de 80% de production potentielle dans diverses cultures comprenant le riz serait perdu en raison des parasites agricoles sans mesures de protection des cultures. Quoique les avantages d'une utilité chimique de pesticides soient clairs, la santé et les impacts sur l'environnement négatifs de leur utilisation est également évident. Au lieu de cette information une étude a été entreprise pour déterminer les perceptions des petits agriculteurs de riz sur leur connaissance d'utilisation de pesticide, et la sécurité des pesticides dans la production de riz. Pour cette enquête un questionnaire a été adapté d'une enquête d'utilisation de pesticide pour se produire et rassembler des données significatives sur des perceptions de la connaissance du petit agriculteur de riz et des pratiques s'est rapporté aux conditions de sécurité d'utiliser-et de pesticide dans la production de riz dans Nickerie. La population témoin s'est composée de 200 petits agriculteurs de riz. Les données rassemblées ont été analysées utilisant SPSS et Microsoft Excel. Des statistiques descriptives et la corrélation ont été employées pour décrire les données. Les résultats indiquent que les agriculteurs de riz sont masculins, les plus vieux que 50 années moyennes et ont plus de 15 ans d'expérience avec la production de riz. Les résultats indiquent également que les agriculteurs perçoivent le dosage recommandé en tant que trop peu et augmentent donc le dosage. Ils souvent mélangent différents types de pesticides et n'utilisent pas tout leur équipement de protection tout en pulvérisant. Basé sur les résultats on lui recommande de développer des politiques de pesticide pour stimuler des agriculteurs pratiquer l'utilisation sûre de pesticide au Surinam.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V16248
V16248

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles. Service commun de la documentation University of West Indies, Trinidad &Tobago
Extrait de : 52e congrès annuel de la Société caribéenne des plantes alimentaires / 52nd annual meeting of the Caribbean food crops society (CFCS), du 10 au 16 juillet 2016. INRA, CFCS
Description : Crop nutrient management is a critical component of productivity and quality. Commercial horticulture has relied almost exclusively on inorganic nutrient sources to satisfy plant nutritional requirements. Compost tea represents a sustainable alternative technology but its use has not been extensively researched. A factorial experiment was conducted subjecting lettuce plants to four increasing concentrations of compost tea; 0, 5, 10 and 20 % (m/v) applied at either 100 or 200 cm3 plant-1 day-1, for 30 days. At the end of the trial, measurements were made of leaf area (LA), yield, shoot and root dry mass (DM), root to shoot ratio, and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents of shoots and roots. Compost tea concentration significantly (P < 0.05) affected all growth indices showing a similar pattern. Increasing concentration up to 10 % (m/v), positively improved growth and yield above the control. Increasing further to 20 % (m/v) reduced LA, yield and dry mass. For these variables, applying compost tea at 200 cm3 plant-1 day-1 resulted in a better response. Increasing concentration of compost tea showed a directly proportional relationship to shoot and root N content. However, the effect was non-significant for P. Yield and shoot DM were affected by the combination of compost tea concentration and application rate. Similar patterns of increasing yield were seen for increasing concentration within both rates however, the differences were significant for all concentrations at the higher application rate. Application of 200 cm3, 5 % compost tea resulted in the greatest yield, shoot and root DM. In addition to root DM, root surface area was significantly correlated with yield and shoot DM. Compost tea used at appropriate concentrations improved root growth and lettuce productivity.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V16281
V16281

Éditeur(s) : UNDP Guyana UNDP Guyana ( Guyana )
Résumé : (Funding) Support for the development of the technical infrastructure and partner training provided by the United States Department of Education TICFIA program.
While the global response to HIV and AIDS has realized several successes in achieving universal access to prevention, care and treatment to date, challenges persist in ensuring equal access to these services for most at risk populations. The epidemiology of HIV reflects a stark disparity in access to prevention and treatment services for neglected most-at risk populations, such as men who have sex with men (MSM). World-wide, MSM often experience higher rates of HIV relative to the total population. The reasons for this dynamic are multi-faceted and include high risk behaviors, and cultural as well as structural barriers. For MSM in developing countries, for example, basic services for prevention and treatment of HIV infection have yet to reach the large majority of men. Homophobia and discrimination limit access of MSM to prevention services and markedly increase vulnerability, as do criminalization of same-sex behavior. Decriminalization of same-sex behavior is a structural intervention for prevention of HIV infection and has recently been embraced by a nonbinding statement from the United Nations (Beyrer C,Clin Infect Dis. 2010 May 15;50 Suppl 3:S108-13) In the Caribbean, all of the above mentioned barriers exist. In fact, recent evidence demonstrates that there is a correlation between the decriminalization of homosexuality and lower rates of HIV (UNAIDS). This correlation is attributed to improved access to services. Therefore, The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) has recently launched an initiative to address the current situation regarding men who have sex with men in Guyana where the HIV prevalence in this population is 19.4% in contrast to 1.8% in the total population. This rapid assessment has been commissioned to supplement two previous studies that were conducted in Guyana in informing the design of upcoming activities to support local capacity building to enhance access to services and respect for the human rights protections for MSM. Unfortunately, in Guyana, like much of the Caribbean, MSM tend to be a hard to reach population, perhaps due to elevated levels of stigma and discrimination and difficulty in accessing men who might participate in high risk same sex behaviors yet do not self-identify as an MSM. As a result, there is a relative paucity of data concerning the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of this total population in Guyana. (i.e. those who self –identify and those who do not) The baseline report is organized as follows: the methodology is explained followed by the study limitations, the review (literature and desk). The report then proceeds with describing the reality of work and working with sexual and gender minorities in Guyana, the status quo and entry points. The main findings of the capacity assessment and focus groups are then discussed. Issues relating to the uniformed forces and health services providers are then presented followed by discussions and conclusions.

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.

Éditeur(s) : AMC : Association Mélanges Caraïbes AMC : Association Mélanges Caraïbes AMC : Association Mélanges Caraïbes
Extrait de : "Albert Camus, Aimé Césaire : poétiques de la révolte" : colloque, du 13 au 15 novembre 2013. Université des Antilles et de la Guyane
Description : Il est question ici de la phénoménologie chez Camus ainsi que de sa conception de l'absurde en corrélation avec Jean-Paul Sartre. La dialectique de Césaire est abordée ainsi que son éventuelle rencontre physique avec Albert Camus.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V14021
V14021
V14021
V14021

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
In this work we perform a statistical analysis of global solar radiation measured at two sites, 38 km distant from, in Guadeloupe, French West Indies. We have established a correlation model based on the coefficient of variation assuming a time scale separation. The coefficient of variation is calculated on minutes interval with data measured at 1 Hz. This analysis highlight the dynamic correlation that can occur between measurements from two different sites with a time step of one second. From this results, knowing the coefficient of variation on a site we have established a new correlation model on this parameter for another site. A diagram linking the standard deviation on both sites, for a given coefficient of variation is proposed for correlated and non-correlated cases. More over this analysis put in evidence the existence of a threshold time under which there is no significant correlation. This model can be useful in choosing new sites of production not only for establishing correlation from on site to another, but also in optimizing the geographical distribution of the solar farms within the territory.
ISSN: 0960-1481

Droits : http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/licences/copyright/
hal-01099045
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01099045
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01099045/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01099045/file/Article%20Foison_2014.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Sampling design is a key issue when establishing species inventories and characterizing habitats within highly heterogeneous landscapes. Sampling efforts in such environments may be constrained and many field studies only rely on subjective and/or qualitative approaches to design collection strategy. The region of Cacao, in French Guiana, provides an excellent study site to understand the presence and abundance of Anopheles mosquitoes, their species dynamics and the transmission risk of malaria across various environments. We propose an objective methodology to define a stratified sampling design. Following thorough environmental characterization, a factorial analysis of mixed groups allows the data to be reduced and non-collinear principal components to be identified while balancing the influences of the different environmental factors. Such components defined new variables which could then be used in a robust k-means clustering procedure. Then, we identified five clusters that corresponded to our sampling strata and selected sampling sites in each stratum. RESULTS: We validated our method by comparing the species overlap of entomological collections from selected sites and the environmental similarities of the same sites. The Morisita index was significantly correlated (Pearson linear correlation) with environmental similarity based on i) the balanced environmental variable groups considered jointly (p = 0.001) and ii) land cover/use (p-value<0.001). The Jaccard index was significantly correlated with land cover/use-based environmental similarity (p-value = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results validate our sampling approach. Land cover/use maps (based on high spatial resolution satellite images) were shown to be particularly useful when studying the presence, density and diversity of Anopheles mosquitoes at local scales and in very heterogeneous landscapes.
BMC Ecology

pasteur-00914104
https://hal-riip.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00914104
https://hal-riip.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00914104/document
DOI : 10.1186/1472-6785-13-45
PUBMED : 24289184

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : In a perfect-deficit approach (Yi, 2012), the daily maximum carbon storage capacity (CPC) of a given ecosystem for each year defines the perfect annual CPC curve. Deficits are the differences in the daily observational data for a given year against a perfect curve. The area between this curve and instantaneous canopy photosynthetic rates represents the potential productivity. Using an 11-year (2004 – 2014) eddy covariance flux and meteorological data, this perfect-deficit approach was used to examine the relationship between potential productivity and droughts occurring in 2005 and 2010 in a tropical rainforest of French Guiana, South America. Surprisingly, CPC deficits were only reduced by 24% (2005) and 19% (2010) from their respective perfect CPCs, indicating a subtle effect of drought to ecosystem productivity. Highest precipitation occurred in 2010 but precipitation deficits dropped drastically during this year (71% reduction from its perfect value) which reflects a drought condition. However, its deficits showed no correlation annually and seasonally. Soil water content (SWC) appeared to be the single driver for CPC deficits during long dry periods but is weakly correlated (r = 0.30; P <0.01 and r = 0.31; P <0.01, in 2005 and 2010, respectively). These results indicate that soil water is not a major limiting factor for productivity of this ecosystem during drought periods. In contrast, global radiation (Rg) corresponds to the peak of CPC deficits in 2010, but only 19% had been reduced from its ideal value. Yet, highest gross primary production (GPP) of 4106±231 gCm−2yr−1 occurred this year (mean 3753±231 gCm−2yr−1). Therefore, smaller deficits in Rg coupled with sufficient water may have induced higher productivity in 2010. Nevertheless, weaker correlations between potential productivity and climatic drivers may imply that other controlling aspects such as biological constraints may also have an effect to the dynamics of potential productivity during drought events, hence, must also be considered.
AGU Fall Meeting 2015
San Francisco, United States

hal-01269439
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01269439
PRODINRA : 338570

Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-Villars
Résumé : The variability of ''yellow substance'' in waters of the Skagerrak and the Kattegat was studied during the international Skagex programme in 1990 and 1991. Data on attenuation of light and fluorescence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in sea water were collected with a spectral transmissiometer and a submersible fluorometer within a depth range of 0-250 m at several stations. More than fifty-fold variations of fluorescence intensity over space and time were due to the combined action of different sources of DOM in the straits. The surface maximum of fluorescing DOM, related to river outflow, was spreading from Oslo fjord to the central Skagerrak in late spring. This maximum may be ecologically important because it diminishes shortwave PAR. In the autumn the brightest DOM fluorescence was found in the Kattegat and along the Norwegian coast in accordance with earlier studies. The local minima of DOM fluorescence are associated with the Jutland current. Both the instability of the current and a ten-fold difference in DOM content between deep layers of the Skagerrak and Kattegat resulted in strong synoptic variability of fluorescence in the transitional area between the straits. Seasonal and synoptic variabilities of ''yellow substance'' were minimal in the southern Kattegat. The vertical gradients of DOM fluorescence were mostly negative at the depth of the thermocline of the open Skagerrak in spring, reaching values of 40-50 % m-1. Fine structure and complex shape were inherent to fluorescence profiles from areas of intensive water mixing. DOM fluorescence closely covaried with attenuation of UV light: the correlation coefficient was + 0.9 for wavelength w <= 350 nm regardless of season. The inverse dependence between wavelength derivative and magnitude of UV attenuation in the straits did not change with season. DOM fluorescence and water salinity were negatively correlated at depths of 25-50 m but they varied independently in the upper 10 m. No significant correlation between fluorescence and nitrates has been found. Estimates of correlation with phosphates ranged from 0.7 to 0.8. In general, the changes of fluorescence were due to variations of DOM content in sea water but not to variability of DOM composition or state. The properties of DOM fluorescence in the Skagerrak-Kattegat area make it a useful natural tracer of water movements suitable for active remote sensing with airborne lidar.
Oceanologica Acta (0399-1784) (Gauthier-Villars), 1993 , Vol. 16 , N. 2 , P. 115-125

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00099/21041/18667.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00099/21041/

Éditeur(s) : CRILLASH : Centre de Recherches Interdisciplinaires en Lettres, Langues, Arts et Sciences Humaines
Extrait de : "Réel merveilleux, réalisme merveilleux et baroque (I) : des notions propres aux cultures caribéennes créoles, distinctes d'un "magical realism" dorénavant galvaudé dans une "world literature" ?, le 16 mai 2013. Université des Antilles et de la Guyane
Description : Charles W. Scheel aborde sa relation au concept de réalisme merveilleux. Il apporte par la suite quelques précisions sur les notions de réalisme merveilleux et réalisme magique en tant que modes narratifs, à travers la présentation du travail de quelques auteurs sur le sujet. "Chez Chamoiseau, le réalisme merveilleux en tant que mode narratif correspond à la corrélation entre le style baroque de son écriture, avec un baroque de la construction du livre sur le plan de sa structure narrative et même de sa mise en page dans certains cas."
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V13204
V13204

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
CONTEXT: Chlordecone, an environmentally persistent organochlorine insecticide used intensively in banana culture in the French West Indies until 1993, has permanently polluted soils and contaminated foodstuffs. Consumption of contaminated food is the main source of exposure nowadays. We sought to identify main contributors to blood chlordecone concentration (BCC) and to validate an exposure indicator based on food intakes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) completed by a sample of 194 pregnant women to estimate their dietary exposure to chlordecone and compared it to blood levels. In a first approach, chlordecone daily intake was estimated as the product of daily eaten quantity of 214 foodstuffs, multiplied by their chlordecone content, and summed over all items. We then predicted individual blood chlordecone concentration with empirical weight regression models based on frequency of food consumption, and without contamination data. RESULTS: Among the 191 subjects who had BCC determination, 146 (76%) had detectable values and mean BCC was 0.86 ng/mL (range < LOD-13.2). Mean per capita dietary intake of chlordecone was estimated at 3.3 microg/day (range: 0.1-22.2). Blood chlordecone levels were significantly correlated with food exposure predicted from the empirical weight models (r=0.47, p<0.0001) and, to a lesser extent, with chlordecone intake estimated from food consumption and food contamination data (r=0.20, p=0.007). Main contributors to chlordecone exposure included seafood, root vegetables, and Cucurbitaceous. CONCLUSION: These results show that the Timoun FFQ provides valid estimates of chlordecone exposure. Estimates from empirical weight models correlated better with blood levels of chlordecone than did estimates from the dietary intake assessment.
ISSN: 0013-9351

inserm-00517109
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00517109
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00517109/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00517109/file/Pesticide_exposureofpregnantwomeninGuadeloupe.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.envres.2009.10.015

Éditeur(s) : ECMEA : Etudes Croisées des Mondes Européens et Américains CRILLASH : Centre de Recherches Interdisciplinaires en Lettres, Langues, Arts et Sciences Humaines
Extrait de : "Terres promises, représentations et imaginaires" : colloque, du 25 au 27 novembre 2015. Université des Antilles
Description : La foi mormone est fondée sur l'idée d'une terre promise spirituelle, « Sion », « Là où vivent ceux qui le c?ur pur ». La terre promise des « saints des dernier jours » (The Latter-day Saints), ou « Mormons », n'est pas nécessairement un lieu précis, mais un idéal de mode de vie chrétienne. Basée sur la doctrine du rassemblement d'Israël, peuple de alliance Abrahamique, l'édification de Sion implique l'expansion de ses préceptes. Apparue en Guadeloupe en 1982, la communauté « mormone » s'est développée conformément à sa croyance en une terre promise spirituelle. Elle compte aujourd'hui environs 500 membres et trois congrégations principales sur l'ensemble de l'île et reste méconnue de la population locale. Quelle importance revêt donc le concept de Sion chez les Mormons, et quel est le lien entre la notion de Terre promise et l'implantation de la communauté mormone en Guadeloupe ? Nous répondrons à ces questions en présentant l'évolution de cette église, ainsi que les origines de son installation en Guadeloupe. Nous mettrons par la suite en évidence la corrélation entre l'édification de « Sion » en Guadeloupe et la quête d'une vie meilleure.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 20
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V16231
V16231

Éditeur(s) : FLSH : Faculté des Lettres et des Sciences Humaines
Description : L'auteure de renommée internationale, Andréa Marcolongo était de passage en Martinique du 4 au 8 Mars. Elle a donné à cette occasion une conférence sur le thème de « L'origine est le but », avec la participation de Raphaël Confiant, le Jeudi 5 Mars à Madiana. Ce thème permet de mettre en corrélation la construction de l'identité d'un individu, avec les mythes sur lesquels une société se fonde.

Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V20110
V20110

Éditeur(s) : Public Library Science
Résumé : Subsurface sediments of the Sonora Margin (Guaymas Basin), located in proximity of active cold seep sites were explored. The taxonomic and functional diversity of bacterial and archaeal communities were investigated from 1 to 10 meters below the seafloor. Microbial community structure and abundance and distribution of dominant populations were assessed using complementary molecular approaches (Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis, 16S rRNA libraries and quantitative PCR with an extensive primers set) and correlated to comprehensive geochemical data. Moreover the metabolic potentials and functional traits of the microbial community were also identified using the GeoChip functional gene microarray and metabolic rates. The active microbial community structure in the Sonora Margin sediments was related to deep subsurface ecosystems (Marine Benthic Groups B and D, Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotal Group, Chloroflexi and Candidate divisions) and remained relatively similar throughout the sediment section, despite defined biogeochemical gradients. However, relative abundances of bacterial and archaeal dominant lineages were significantly correlated with organic carbon quantity and origin. Consistently, metabolic pathways for the degradation and assimilation of this organic carbon as well as genetic potentials for the transformation of detrital organic matters, hydrocarbons and recalcitrant substrates were detected, suggesting that chemoorganotrophic microorganisms may dominate the microbial community of the Sonora Margin subsurface sediments.
Plos One (1932-6203) (Public Library Science), 2014-08 , Vol. 9 , N. 8 , P. e104427

Droits : This is an open-access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00203/31408/29801.pdf
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0104427
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00203/31408/

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : Dissolved and particulate Hg fluxes in the Lot-Garonne-Gironde fluvial-estuarine system were obtained from observation of daily discharge and suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations. In addition to the measurements of the total dissolved (< 0.45 gm) and particulate Hg (> 0.45 gm), called HgTD and HgTp respectively, the dissolved inorganic Hg species (HgRD) were determined monthly. Geochemical background values for HgTp in sediments and SPM were similar to crustal values and to typical concentrations in SPM of non-contaminated river systems, respectively. The Riou Mort watershed already known as the origin of important historical polymetallic (e.g., Cd, Zn) pollution was identified as an important Hg point source. In the downstream Lot River, Hg concentrations were clearly higher than those in other moderately contaminated systems. The mean relative contribution of HgRD to HgTD in the Lot River and in the Garonne River was close to 25% and 50%, respectively, and showed no correlation with water discharge or SPM concentration. Depending on the origin and nature of SPM, HgTp concentrations were correlated or not with particulate organic C (POC). Maximum HgTp concentrations were measured in samples containing low POC concentrations and were attributed to sediment resuspension. In contrast, high POC concentrations (6-17%) during algal blooms were associated with low/moderate HgTp concentrations (< 0.5 mg kg(-1)) at different sites, suggesting that Hg concentrations in fluvial phytoplankton may be limited by bioavailability of dissolved Hg and/or physiologically controlled Hg accumulation. Mercury was mostly (up to 98%) transported in the particulate phase with estimated annual Hg fluxes at the outlet of the Lot River system ranging from 35 to 530 kg a(-1) for the past decade. The minimum anthropogenic component (58-84% of total Hg fluxes) could not be explained by present Riou Mort point source contributions, suggesting important Hg release from contaminated sediment as a major source and from downstream point sources (e.g., coal-fired power plants and/or metal processing industries). HgTp concentrations and fluxes were strongly related to hydrologic variations and were clearly increased by riverbed dredging during lock construction. Therefore, the estimated Hg stocks in the Lot River sediment (5-13 tons) represent an important potential Hg source for the downstream fluvial-estuarine system.
Applied Geochemistry (0883-2927) (Elsevier), 2006-03 , Vol. 21 , N. 3 , P. 515-527

Droits : 2006 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-1343.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.12.004
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1343/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Society for Personality Research
Résumé : International audience
The purpose of this study was to examine self-efficacy and self-esteem as predictors of claimed and behavioral self-handicapping, and to compare the relationship between behavioral and claimed self-handicaps and athletic performance. A total of 31 basketball players participated in the study. Claimed self-handicaps were significantly negatively correlated with self-esteem whereas behavioral self-handicapping was significantly negatively correlated with self-efficacy. Performance was negatively correlated with behavioral self-handicapping, but was not correlated with claimed self-handicapping. These findings reinforce the conceptual distinction between claimed and behavioral self-handicaps by demonstrating that the two strategies are indeed related to different factors and that they have different consequences for performance.
ISSN: 0301-2212

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
hal-01343254
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01343254
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01343254/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01343254/file/Social%20Behavior%20and%20Personality.%20HAL.pdf
DOI : 10.2224/sbp.2008.36.3.391

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Publisher : Paris : Baillière [1980-. Latest Publisher : Paris : Elsevier
Résumé : National audience
Introduction Les monocytes sont constitués de populations cellulaires hétérogènes aux propriétés distinctes. Il est retrouvé une sur-représentation de la population monocytaire CD14+/CD16+ pro-inflammatoire au cours de certaines connectivites. Cette population monocytaire s’oppose aux monocytes CD14+/CD16– qui jouent un moindre rôle dans l’amplification de la réponse inflammatoire. Les monocytes et les macrophages pourraient jouer un rôle central dans les mécanismes de fibrose au cours de la sclérodermie systémique. L’association entre les manifestations cliniques de la sclérodermie systémique et les différentes populations monocytaires reste à préciser. L’objectif de cette étude « proof of concept »est d’évaluer l’association entre la population monocytaire CD14+/CD16+ et les manifestations cliniques de fibrose chez les patients sclérodermiques. Patients et méthodes Cinquante-cinq patients répondant aux critères ACR 2013 de sclérodermie systémique ont été inclus de manière consécutive de mars à juillet 2015. Les atteintes fibrosantes ont été évaluées simultanément selon les données du bilan viscéral annuel en centre de compétence : l’atteinte cutanée était évaluée cliniquement selon le score de Rodnan modifié, les patients étaient classés selon la classification de Leroy (atteinte cutanée diffuse, atteinte cutanée limitée, sine scleroderma). La présence d’une pneumopathie interstitielle diffuse était évaluée par TDM thoracique, son retentissement sur la fonction respiratoire était précisé par les épreuves fonctionnelles respiratoires (capacité pulmonaire totale, capacité vitale forcée, DLCO). La NFS réalisée le jour du bilan viscéral était traitée en hématoflow permettant de préciser les sous populations monocytaires en fonction de leur statut CD16+ ou CD16–. Les données cliniques étaient relevées en aveugle vis-à-vis des données de cytométrie en flux. Résultats 55 patients sclérodermiques ont été inclus. Le taux moyen de monocytes CD16+ était de 0,054 G/L (SD = 0,029). Les patients avec une atteinte cutanée diffuse avaient des taux significativement plus élevés de monocytes CD16+ (p = 0,021), alors que les taux de monocytes CD16–ne différaient pas entre les patients avec atteinte cutanée diffuse et cutanée limitée. Le score de Rodnan modifié était corrélé de manière significative avec le taux de monocytes CD16+ (R = 0,513, p < 0,001). Il existait une tendance à l’association entre des taux élevés de CD16+ et la présence d’une pneumopathie interstitielle diffuse détectée par TDM (p = 0,113). Il existait une corrélation négative significative (p < 0,05) entre les taux de CD16+ et les résultats des épreuves fonctionnelles respiratoires (capacité pulmonaire totale et DLCO), attestant d’une fonction respiratoire moins bonne chez les patients à taux plus élevés de monocytes CD16+. Il n’était pas retrouvé d’association entre les taux de CD16+ et les autres paramètres cliniques ou immunologiques. Discussion Cette étude « proof of concept » semble montrer une association entre des taux élevés de monocytes CD16+ et certains paramètres de gravité des atteintes fibrosantes de la maladie. En plus de leur association à la gravité des atteintes fibrosantes de la sclérodermie systémique, les taux de monocytes CD16+ pourraient également avoir un intérêt pronostique qui reste à évaluer. Des travaux in vitro ont montré que l’ajout de TGFb au milieu de culture cellulaire de monocytes induisait une augmentation de l’expression du CD16+ par ces monocytes. Les monocytes CD16+ sont également une source de production d’IL-1 bêta et de TNF alpha pro-inflammatoires. D’autres travaux in vitro ont très récemment démontré la plus grande capacité des monocytes CD16+ à se différencier préférentiellement en macrophages ayant également des propriétés pro-inflammatoires. La sous-population monocytaire CD16+ peut également être hiérarchisée en fonction de l’intensité d’expression du CD16. La place précise de ces différentes populations monocytaires dans la physiopathologie de la sclérodermie systémique reste encore à déterminer. Les liens ténus entre monocytes et macrophages, dont l’implication est maintenant reconnue au cours de la sclérodermie invitent à investiguer davantage le rôle possible du monocyte dans le cadre de cette maladie inflammatoire et fibrosante afin d’identifier d’éventuelles nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques ou marqueurs pronostiques. Conclusion Dans cette étude « proof of concept », sur un nombre restreint de patients atteints de sclérodermie systémique répondants aux critères ACR 2013, le taux de monocytes CD16+ semble corrélé avec les atteintes fibrosantes de la maladie, laissant supposer une implication possible de cette sous-population monocytaire dans la physiopathologie de cette connectivite
ISSN: 0248-8663

hal-01321851
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01321851
DOI : 10.1016/j.revmed.2016.04.253

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
STUDY QUESTION: Is there evidence at the population level of associations between different male genital disorders, outside Scandinavian countries? SUMMARY ANSWER: At an international scale, there is evidence for a number of correlations between rates of four male reproductive disorders (hypospadias, cryptorchidism, testicular cancer and low sperm concentration). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Some associations between these outcomes have been shown in studies focusing on individuals and mainly in Nordic European countries. These associations, together with histological evidence of a dysgenesis pattern in testicular tissue specimens, have generated the concept of the existence of a 'testicular dysgenesis syndrome' originating in utero. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: This is a geographical correlation study using cancer, malformations rates and sperm quality data collected between the years 1998 and 2005. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Incidence rates of testicular cancer were extracted from International Agency for Research on Cancer registries and Globocan, while cryptorchidism and hypospadias prevalence rates were obtained from EUROCAT and International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research registries. Sperm concentration data were extracted from recent studies using standardized methodology. A total of 39 registries and 9 sperm studies were selected. Non-parametric Spearman correlation tests were used to test the association between these four disorders. Correlations were computed for all registries together, for registries with high-quality matching coverage only and by continents. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted using data from prospective clinical studies to take into account potential bias related mainly to ascertainment of malformation rates. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: We found positive correlations between testicular cancer and hypospadias (r = 0.32, P = 0.05) and between hypospadias and cryptorchidism (r = 0.70, P = 0.008). Stronger correlations were observed when using registries with high-quality matching coverage. Among these registries, differences between Europe and the rest of the world appeared (the positive correlation between testicular cancer and cryptorchidism was stronger outside Europe, r = 0.83, P = 0.01 compared with 0.40, P = 0.60 for European registries). A negative correlation between testicular cancer and sperm concentration was observed (r = -0.88, P = 0.002). These correlations support our initial hypothesis but remain only suggestive due to the intrinsic limitations in the study design (i.e. geographical correlation study) and do not allow causal inference. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: Differences in the ascertainment of malformations rates (definition, length of follow-up) make the international comparison difficult. The small number of registries for some conditions (cryptorchidism) or of studies (for sperm quality) and the absence of information about major risk factors such as ethnicity and socioeconomic status in the registries are also limitations. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: Our findings are in agreement with results of studies focusing on individuals and suggest that shared risk factors are present in the populations studied.
ISSN: 0268-1161

inserm-00863412
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00863412
DOI : 10.1093/humrep/det111
PUBMED : 23670171

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : Phosphorus forms with respect to sediment characteristics, such as grain-size, and major chemical elements, were studied in French coastal marine areas (the Bay of Seine and the Loire and Gironde Estuaries).In the three areas, Fe/Al-bound phosphate (Fe/Al-P) and exchangeable phosphate (exch-P) were significantly related to the proportion of fine fraction (< 63 mum). The special association of these forms with fine particles, as well as the relationships between exch-P, Fe/Al-P and Fe showed that adsorption processes on Fe oxides had taken place. However, for similar Fe concentrations, Bay of Seine sediments showed Fe/Al-P concentrations which were four to five times higher than those found in the Loire and Gironde Estuaries. This was attributed to differences in sediment nature and processes in these two types of areas. Indeed, the Loire and Gironde Estuaries frequently show hypoxia.Calcium-bound phosphate (Ca-P) was found in all grain size classes with comparable concentrations in the Bay of Seine where there was no correlation between Ca-P and Ca. This corresponded to the calcium's marine origin (shells) in the Bay of Seine. In contrast, the correlation of Ca-P with Ca and the fine fraction of the sediment in the Loire and Gironde Estuaries was characteristic of the predominant metamorphic origin of Ca-P in these areas.Useful information for interpretation of P-forms can be obtained from major sediment characteristics. Thus, for areas where specific relationships have previously been established good estimates of P-forms could be predicted from sediment properties.
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (0272-7714) (Elsevier), 2001-05 , Vol. 52 , N. 5 , P. 617-629

Droits : 2001 Academic Press. All rights reserved
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2001/publication-469.pdf
DOI:10.1006/ecss.2001.0766
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/469/