Éditeur(s) : EUTIC : le réseau international et interdisciplinaire pour les Enjeux et Usages des Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication
Extrait de : "Les écosystèmes numériques et la démocratisation informationnelle" : colloque, les 3 et 4 novembre 2015. Université des Antilles
Description : De plus en plus d'universités développent des formules de cours plus ou moins variées, entre cours traditionnels en présence et cours entièrement dispensés dans un mode en ligne. La diversité des étudiants au regard de leur expérience préalable, de leurs stratégies d'apprentissage, de leur gestion du temps, de leur gestion des ressources, etc. semblent de nature à influer sur leur réussite universitaire. Reprenant la notion d'écosystème numérique en tant qu'ensemble dynamique constitué par des étudiants, des enseignants et des environnements logiciels en ligne (de type plateforme de formation), le travail de Soufiane ROUISSI et Martine Mottet, se situant dans un contexte de type elearning mais pas uniquement, consiste à analyser un certain nombre de données informationnelles en vue d'établir des liens entre celles-ci et la réussite des étudiants de première année.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V15387
V15387

Éditeur(s) : ECMEA : Etudes Croisées des Mondes Européens et Américains CRILLASH : Centre de Recherches Interdisciplinaires en Lettres, Langues, Arts et Sciences Humaines Université des Antilles. Service commun de la documentation
Extrait de : "Expressions musicales et messages : évolution et confrontation" : colloque, le 12 avril 2016. Université des Antilles
Description : Les expressions musicales, toujours liées à des questions socio-politiques, historiques, sont en constante mutation. Certaines ont subi une évolution de plus en plus radicale. Cette intervention s'inscrit dans le cadre de la résistance aux pressions assimilatrices et de la recherche de l'intégration dans une société par le biais des expressions musicales. L'exemple de l'Église de Jésus-Christ des Saints des derniers jours plus communément appelés "les mormons". Il s'agit de montrer comment les "latter-days saints" ont su s'inscrire dans la société états-unienne qui les a marginalisés à travers la musique.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V16234
V16234

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
A growing number of universities offer most varied types of courses, from traditional classroom to completely online courses. Besides, student personal characteristics such as learning strategies and learning style seem to be related to their academic success. Based on the concept of the digital ecosystem as a dynamic entity comprising students, teachers and online software environments (such as learning platforms) – our work being related but not limited to e-learning – we analyze informational data to establish links between these characteristics and student achievement over their first year at university, as they attended both classroom and online courses.
Un nombre croissant d’universités développent des formules de cours plus ou moins variées, entre cours traditionnels en présence et cours entièrement dispensés dans un mode en ligne. Par ailleurs, les caractéristiques des étudiants au regard de leurs stratégies d’apprentissage et de leurstyle d’apprentissage semblent de nature à influer sur leur réussite universitaire. Reprenant la notion d'écosystème numérique en tant qu'ensemble dynamique constitué par des étudiants, des enseignants et des environnements logiciels en ligne (de type plateforme de formation) – notretravail se situant dans un contexte de type elearning mais pas uniquement – nous analysons un certain nombre de données informationnelles en vue d'établir des liens entre celles-ci et la réussite d'étudiants ayant suivi à la fois des cours en classe et en ligne, et ce, pour l’ensemble de leurpremière année universitaire.
Les écosystèmes numériques et la démocratisation informationnelle : Intelligence collective, Développement durable, Interculturalité, Transfert de connaissances
Schoelcher, France

hal-01268131
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01268131
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01268131/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01268131/file/ROUISSI%20et%20MOTTET.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
L’enseignement des langues étrangères a continuellement utilisé les technologies de la communication du moment comme la radio, l’audio‐visuel, le multimédia. Aujourd’hui en 2015, nous sommes dans « l’ère du numérique /digital », ayant donné naissance en matière d’enseignement au« digital learning » ou « enseignement digital » également associé à « l’enseignement nomade» ou « mobile learning », caractérisés par des outils comme les ordinateurs portables petits et légers, smart/i/phones, i‐pads, tablette, etc. devenus très accessibles tant du point de vue du prix, de designtechnologique, que de la connexion permanente à bon marché ou gratuite (wifi, blu‐toughts, etc.).Depuis 2008, ce sont ces outils qui avec le digital, sont en train de bousculer l’enseignement des LE. A ce titre, nous sommes confrontés à un paradigme didactique intéressant car d’une part il est du même ordre technologique et sociétal que le précédent, tout en étant différent de par l’ergonomie des outils et le public impliqué. En effet dans sa composante la jeune génération d’apprenants, peut dans certains cas, être plus performante dans l’utilisation de ces outils que ses enseignants.Alors en matière d’enseignement digital s’agit‐ il d’une innovation réelle par rapport au e‐learning se traduisant par un mieux enseigner et apprendre ou bien n’avons à faire qu’à une déclinaison élargie du e‐learning ?Nous nous proposons de commencer à répondre à ces questions en référence à des analyses et expériences disponibles sur le digital learning en matière de didactique des LE pour lesquelles nous ciblerons particulièrement le français langue étrangère (FLE)
XIe Colloque du réseau international et interdisciplinaire pour les enjeux et usages des technologies de l’information et de la communication (EUTIC) "Les écosystèmes numériques et la démocratisation informationnelle : Intelligence collective, Développement durable, Interculturalité, Transfert de connaissances"
Schoelcher, France

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
hal-01299612
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01299612
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01299612/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01299612/file/Article%20N.Koulayan%20EUTIC%20pour%20%C3%A9dition%20finale.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
In this paper, we propose a benchmarking of supervised machine learning techniques (neural networks, Gaussian processes and support vector machines) in order to forecast the Global Horizontal solar Irradiance (GHI). We also include in this benchmark a simple linear autoregressive (AR) model as well as two naive models based on persistence of the GHI and persistence of the clear sky index (denoted herein scaled persistence model). The models are calibrated and validated with data from three French islands: Corsica (41.91°N; 8.73°E), Guadeloupe (16.26°N; 61.51°W) and Reunion (21.34°S ; 55.49°E). The main findings of this work are, that for hour ahead solar forecasting, the machine learning techniques slightly improve the performances exhibited by the linear AR and the scaled persistence model. However, the improvement appears to be more pronounced in case of unstable sky conditions. These nonlinear techniques start to outperform their simple counterparts for forecasting horizons greater than one hour.
ISSN: 0038-092X

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
hal-01101564
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01101564
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01101564/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01101564/file/Manuscript_Lauretetal_Rev_unmarked.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.solener.2014.12.014

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
In this work, we have led an analysis of the error of different global solar radiation prediction models according to the global solar radiation variability. Different predictions models where performed such as machine learning techniques (Neural Networks, Gaussian processes and support vector machines) in order to forecast the Global Horizontal solar Irradiance (GHI). We also include in this study a simple linear autoregressive (AR) model as well as two naive models based on persistence of the GHI and persistence of the clear sky index (denoted herein scaled persistence model). The models are calibrated and tested with data from three 3 French islands: Corsica (42.15°N ; 9.08°E), Guadeloupe (16.25°N ; 61.58°W) and Reunion (21.15°S ; 55.5°E). Guadeloupe and Reunion are located in a subtropical climatic zone whereas Corsica is in a tempered climatic zone. Hence the global solar radiation variation differs significantly. The output error of the different models was quantified by the nRSME. In order to quantify the influence of the global solar radiation variability on the forecasting models error we performed a classification of typical days according to different typical days. Each class of typical day is defined by a variation of global solar radiation rate. For each class and for each location, the selected forecasting models where performed and the error was quantified. With this analysis a global solar radiation forecasting models can be selected according to the location, the global solar radiation fluctuations and hence the meteorological conditions. INTRODUCTION Large and frequent variations of solar radiation can be observed in tropical climates with amplitudes reaching 800 W/m² and occurring within a short time interval, from few seconds to few minutes, according to the geographical location. Such fluctuations can be due for example to the dynamic of clouds which can be very complex and depend on cloud type, size, speed and spatial distribution and, more generally, due to some specific local meteorological conditions. Thus, the solar energy forecasting, a process used to predict the amount of solar energy available in the current and near terms, might be a difficult task. Some of the best predictors found in literature are Autoregressive and moving average (ARMA) [5,7,8], Bayesian inferences [9,10], Markov chains [11], k-Nearest-Neighbors predictors [12] or artificial intelligence techniques as the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) [9-11]. Although these methodologies are potentially good in many areas, we observed in our previous studies on global radiation prediction [9,13,14] that the simple model based on the persistence of the clear sky index gives often very good results with acceptable errors [15] for short term forecasting time horizon (<= 1 hour). The goal of this paper is to determinate the influence of solar radiation variability regarding different classes of days on the expected error provided by different forecasting methods that the modeller can possibly implement. The paper is organized as follow: Section 2 describes the data we have used. Section 3 exposes the classification methodology and the results obtained for the three studied locations. In the two following sections, the forecasting methods are exposed and then 3 the errors on the forecasting results for each location and for each class are exposed.
The Third Southern African Solar Energy Conference (SASEC2015)
Kruger National Park, South Africa

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
hal-01099487
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01099487
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01099487/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01099487/file/article%20SASEC.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
In this paper, we propose a benchmarking of supervised machine learning techniques (neural networks, Gaussian processes and support vector machines) in order to forecast the Global Horizontal solar Irradiance (GHI). We also include in this benchmark a simple linear autoregressive (AR) model as well as two naive models based on persistence of the GHI and persistence of the clear sky index (denoted herein scaled persistence model). The models are calibrated and validatedwith data from three French islands: Corsica (41.91°N; 8.73°E), Guadeloupe (16.26°N; 61.51°W) and Reunion (21.34°S ; 55.49°E). The main findings of this work are, that for hour ahead solar forecasting,the machine learning techniques slightly improve the performances exhibited by the linear AR and the scaled persistence model. However, the improvement appears to be more pronounced in case of unstable sky conditions.These nonlinear techniques start to outperform their simple counterparts for forecasting horizons greater than one hour.
ISSN: 0038-092X

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
hal-01099211
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01099211
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01099211/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01099211/file/Manuscript_Lauretetal_Rev_unmarked.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
OBJECTIVE: To analyze complications of endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETS) for nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas (NFPAs).ăMETHODS: A retrospective study of 300 NFPAs was performed. Complications and factors that could influence these complications were analyzed.ăRESULTS: Visual and pituitary functions worsened in 2.4% and 13.7% of cases, respectively. Postoperative diabetes insipidus was permanent in 6.2% of cases. Postoperative meningitis occurred in 3.3% of patients. Meningitis was strongly associated with intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks (P = 0.01), postoperative CSF leaks (P = 0.0001), and operation times longer than 1 hour (P = 0.023). Detection of Staphylococcus aureus and preoperative treatment with mupirocin in the nostrils did not impact the occurrence of meningitis. Two patients with meningitis died (unique causes of death). Postoperative CSF leaks occurred in 2.7% of cases and were associated with intraoperative CSF leaks (P = 0.007) and permanent diabetes insipidus (P = 0.028). The rate of CSF leak decreased from 4% to 0.8% (P = 0.048) after we moved from a soft to hard reconstruction of the sella. The rate of postoperative epistaxis decreased from 6.7% to 1.25% after we stopped using monopolar coagulation (P = 0.013).ăCONCLUSIONS: ETS permits a wide view, allowing good conditions for a satisfactory resection in the majority of NFPAs. Some pitfalls of endoscopy can lead to complications that improve with modification of the operative technique (i.e., CSF leak and postoperative epistaxis). This study confirms an acceptable rate of complications associated with ETS.
World Neurosurgery

hal-01474296
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01474296
DOI : 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.02.059
PUBMED : 26902781

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : National audience
Objectives To define the different stages of spontaneous labour. To determine the indications, modalities of use and the effects of administering synthetic oxytocin. And to describe undesirable maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with the use of synthetic oxytocin. Method A systematic review was carried out by searching Medline database and websites of obstetrics learned societies until March 2016. Results The 1st stage of labor is divided in a latence phase and an active phase, which switch at 5 cm of cervical dilatation. Rate of cervical dilatation is considered as abnormal below 1 cm per 4 hour during the first part of the active phase, and blow 1 cm per 2 hours above 7 cm of dilatation. During the latent phase of the first stage of labor, i.e. before 5 cm of cervical dilatation, it is recommended that an amniotomy not be performed routinely and not to use oxytocin systematically. It is not recommended to expect the active phase of labor to start the epidural analgesia if patient requires it. If early epidural analgesia was performed, the administration of oxytocin must not be systematic. If dystocia during the active phase, an amniotomy is recommended in first-line treatment. In the absence of an improvement within an hour, oxytocin should be administrating. However, in the case of an extension of the second stage beyond 2 hours, it is recommended to administer oxytocin to correct a lack of progress of the presentation. If dynamic dystocia, it is recommended to start initial doses of oxytocin at 2 mUI/min, to respect at least 30 min intervals between increases in oxytocin doses delivered, and to increase oxytocin doses by 2 mUI/min intervals without surpassing a maximum IV flow rate of 20 mUI/min. The reported maternal adverse effects concern uterine hyper-stimulation, uterine rupture and postpartum haemorrhage, and those of neonatal adverse effects concern foetal heart rate anomalies associated with uterine hyper-stimulation, neonatal morbidity and mortality, neonatal jaundice, weak suck/poor breastfeeding latch and autism. Conclusion The widespread use of oxytocin during spontaneous labour must not be considered as simply another inoffensive prescription without any possible deleterious consequences for mother or foetus. Conditions for administering the oxytocin must therefore respect medical protocols. Indications and patient consent have to be report in the medical file. © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS
Revue Sage - Femme

hal-01467543
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01467543
DOI : 10.1016/j.sagf.2016.11.006

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Cette thèse a été publiée dans une version remaniée et adaptée sous le titre "Niveaux C1 et C2 pour le français du Cadre européen commun de référence pour les langues, éléments pour un référentiel", Riba, P., (2016), Didier éd, Paris
This thesis sets out to examine the problems of description and specification pertaining to the C levels of the Common European Reference Framework for Languages , known as the experienced–user levels (C1 - Autonomy and C2 - Mastery), for French. It forms part of the efforts to establish yardsticks suggested by the Council of Europe and undertaken in various European countries, including France, whereby the A and B levels have already been described (J.C. Beacco, S. Bouquet, R. Porquier, 2004 ; J.C. Beacco, R. Porquier, 2007 ; J.C. Beacco, S. Lepage, R. Porquier, P. Riba, 2008 ; J.C. Beacco, B. Blin, E. Houles, S. Lepage, P. Riba, pending publication). The notional and functional components, discourse genres, functions, notions, morphosyntactic categories, phonetic content and cultural competencies and learner strategies pertaing to levels C1 and C2 have been described based on three methodological approaches that are respectively intuitive, experimental and based on the creation of standards. The thesis focuses on researching the cut-off points between levels B2, C1 and C2, which are of use to designers of teaching methods and curricula, examination writers and teachers, and it proposes the establishment of a C2+ level, which is didactically compatible with the contradictory notions of “final language level˝ and lifelong learning.
Cette thèse a pour objet la problématique de la description et la spécification des niveaux C duCadre européen commun de référence pour les langues, dits niveaux de l’utilisateurexpérimenté (C1 autonome, C2 maîtrise) pour le français. Elle s’inscrit dans la dynamique deréférentialisation souhaitée par le Conseil de l’Europe et engagée dans plusieurs payseuropéens, y compris en France, où les niveaux A et B ont déjà été décrits : B2, (J.C. Beacco,S. Bouquet, R. Porquier, (2004), A1, J.C. Beacco, R. Porquier, (2007), A2, J.C. Beacco, S.Lepage, R. Porquier, P. Riba, (2008), B1, J.C. Beacco, B. Blin, E. Houles, S. Lepage, P. Riba,(2010).La description des éléments notionnels et fonctionnels des niveaux C1 et C2, genresdiscursifs, fonctions, notions, catégories morphosyntaxiques, matière phonique, matièregraphique, compétences culturelles et stratégies d’apprentissage, a été établie en suivant troisvoies méthodologiques, intuitive, expérimentale et d’étalonnage.Elle se focalise sur la recherche des points de césure entre B2, C1 et C2 utiles pour les auteursde méthodes ou de curriculums, les concepteurs d’examens et les enseignants et elle proposeune spécification d’un niveau C2+, didactiquement compatible avec les notions paradoxalesde « dernier niveau de langue » et d’apprentissage tout au long de la vie.
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01395794

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
NNT : 2010PA030062
tel-01395794
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01395794
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01395794/document
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01395794/file/these%20Patrick%20RIBA%20finale.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Ecological Society of America
Résumé : Reliable assessment of fish origin is of critical importance for exploited species, since nursery areas must be identified and protected to maintain recruitment to the adult stock. During the last two decades, otolith chemical signatures (or "fingerprints") have been increasingly used as tools to discriminate between coastal habitats. However, correct assessment of fish origin from otolith fingerprints depends on various environmental and methodological parameters, including the choice of the statistical method used to assign fish to unknown origin. Among the available methods of classification, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is the most frequently used, although it assumes data are multivariate normal with homogeneous within-group dispersions, conditions that are not always met by otolith chemical data, even after transformation. Other less constrained classification methods are available, but there is a current lack of comparative analysis in applications to otolith microchemistry. Here, we assessed stock identification accuracy for four classification methods (LDA, Quadratic Discriminant Analysis [QDA], Random Forests [RF], and Artificial Neural Networks [ANN]), through the use of three distinct data sets. In each case, all possible combinations of chemical elements were examined to identify the elements to be used for optimal accuracy in fish assignment to their actual origin. Our study shows that accuracy differs according to the model and the number of elements considered. Best combinations did not include all the elements measured, and it was not possible to define an ad hoc multielement combination for accurate site discrimination. Among all the models tested, RF and ANN performed best, especially for complex data sets (e. g., with numerous fish species and/or chemical elements involved). However, for these data, RF was less time-consuming and more interpretable than ANN, and far more efficient and less demanding in terms of assumptions than LDA or QDA. Therefore, when LDA and QDA assumptions cannot be reached, the use of machine learning methods, such as RF, should be preferred for stock assessment and nursery identification based on otolith microchemistry, especially when data set include multispecific otolith signatures and/or many chemical elements.
ISSN: 1051-0761

hal-00644549
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00644549
DOI : 10.1890/09-1887.1

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Le forum, instrument de communication écrite et collective, asynchrone et à distance fait partie de l’environnement numérique des étudiants avec une visée pédagogique lors des enseignements, mais aussi informative dans les relations avec l’administration. Outil de liaison dans l’éco-système numérique de l’étudiant, il participe de fait à la transmission d’informations académiques de la part de l’institution même en concurrence avec d’autresoutils (Web, réseaux sociaux). Cette communication a pour objectif de dégager le cadre d’usage de cette transmission, les pratiques développées par les usagers concernés, les services administratifs et les étudiants-eux-mêmes et les détournements discursifs opérés. Elle s’attachera à analyser comment l’information se structure et se construit par le biais des différentes interventions et en quoi l’usage des réseaux sociaux détourne en fait l’échange institutionnel mis en place par des forums.
Les écosystèmes numériques et la démocratisation informationnelle : Intelligence collective, Développement durable, Interculturalité, Transfert de connaissances
Schoelcher, France

hal-01268082
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01268082
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01268082/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01268082/file/EUTIC_Charnet-2015_ARTICLE%2B.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : The Voronoi diagram of a finite set of objects is a fundamental geometric structure that subdivides the embedding space into regions, each region consisting of the points that are closer to a given object than to the others. We may define many variants of Voronoi diagrams depending on the class of objects, the distance functions and the embedding space. In this paper, we investigate a framework for defining and building Voronoi diagrams for a broad class of distance functions called Bregman divergences. Bregman divergences include not only the traditional (squared) Euclidean distance but also various divergence measures based on entropic functions. Accordingly, Bregman Voronoi diagrams allow to define information-theoretic Voronoi diagrams in statistical parametric spaces based on the relative entropy of distributions. We define several types of Bregman diagrams, establish correspondences between those diagrams (using the Legendre transformation), and show how to compute them efficiently. We also introduce extensions of these diagrams, e.g. k-order and k-bag Bregman Voronoi diagrams, and introduce Bregman triangulations of a set of points and their connexion with Bregman Voronoi diagrams. We show that these triangulations capture many of the properties of the celebrated Delaunay triangulation. Finally, we give some applications of Bregman Voronoi diagrams which are of interest in the context of computational geometry and machine learning.
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00137865

Report N° : RR-6154
inria-00137865
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00137865
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00137865v2/document
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00137865/file/bregman.pdf