Résumé : Ce document constitue le bilan détaillé des résultats du projet DEDUCTION (2007-2010) , action par action. Le projet DEDUCTION "DEveloppement DUrable de la Crevetticulture, Traitement de l’Information et Observatoire du système en Nouvelle-Calédonie" est un projet de recherche et de développement en soutien à la filière crevetticole néo-calédonienne. C'est un programme très horizontal et pluridisciplinaire en poursuivant et développant les ouvertures scientifiques, techniques et thématiques établies à la faveur de DESANS. Son ossature s’articule autour de 4 actions : 3 actions de recherche et une action transversale devant faciliter les interfaces entre la recherche et sa finalité, entre les chercheurs et les partenaires locaux (GFA, Provinces, Gouvernement, Haut-Commissariat), en intégrant les résultats "ferme" à l'échelle de la filière. Une tâche de « Communication et de Transfert des connaissances » a été ajoutée en facteur commun des 4 actions scientifiques afin de répondre à la question fondamentale des échanges entre acteurs.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00199/31006/35663.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00199/31006/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 1044-3983

hal-00875759
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875759
DOI : 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3182a79ac7
PUBMED : 24077003

Éditeur(s) : The 11th Pacific Science Inter-Congress : Pacific Countries and their Ocean: Facing Local and Global Changes. March 2 - 6, 2009 Tahiti, French Polynesia
Résumé : New Caledonian shrimp farming feasibility studies started in the mid-seventies. Today ca. 2000 tons of Litopenaeus stylirostris, introduced in 1978, are semi-intensively produced each year. Since fifteen years, production has been impacted by two seasonal vibriosis, the “Summer” syndrome caused by Vibrio nigripulchritudo in relation to pond bottom and water column quality, and the “Winter Syndrome” caused by Vibrio penaeicida in relation to drastic temperature drops . With the ambition of elucidating processes possibly leading to mortality outbreaks in ponds, Ifremer has been conducting a research program since 2003 under the DESANS project (2003-2006) and the present DEDUCTION project, equally funded by the South and North Provinces and by the Government of New Caledonia. This program has been designed in a multidisciplinary approach integrating the suspected multifactorial origin of shrimp mortalities. Environment quality in ponds (either sediment or water column) plays a major role in the shrimp ecophysiological status, influencing sensitivity to pathogens . DEDUCTION focuses on a better knowledge of phytoplankton composition and biogeochemical fluxes at the sediment-water interface in ponds. Impact of farm discharges is also investigated. In addition, a more fundamental work is conducted to understand the pathogenicity mechanisms of these two Vibrio species but also to prevent the occurrence of viral infections through a RNA interference approach. Markers of the ecophysiological status of broodstock, larvae, post-larvae and reared animals, such as enzymes testifying from an oxidative stress, are developed. Gain of performance (resistance to pathogens and growth) were obtained on hybrids of the New Caledonian and introduced Hawaiian strains. Finally the database Stylog is exploited in view of discriminating “good” from “bad” rearings on the basis of relevant indicators.
Les études de faisabilité de l'aquaculture de crevettes ont débuté en Nouvelle-Calédonie dans les années soixante dix. Aujourd'hui environ 2000 tonnes de Litopenaeus stylirostris, introduite en 1978, sont produites chaque année de façon semi-intensive. Depuis quinze ans la production a été impactée par deux vibrioses : le syndrome d'été provoqué par Vibrio nigripulchritudo en relation avec la qualité de la tranche d'eau et des fonds de bassins et le syndrome d'hiver provoqué par Vibrio penaeicida en relation avec des chutes rapides de température. Dans le but d'élucider les processus entrainant des mortalités dans les élevages, Ifremer a conduit un programme de recherche depuis 2003 dans le cadre du projet DESANS (2003-2006) puis du présent projet DEDUCTION co-financé par les provinces Nord et Sud et le Gouvernement de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. Ce programme se construit dans une démarche multidisciplinaire intégrant les origines supposées multifactorielles des mortalités de crevettes. La qualité environnementale dans les bassins (les fonds et la colonne d'eau) joue un rôle majeur dans l'état physiologique des animaux, influençant leur sensibilité aux pathogènes. DEDUCTION se focalise sur une meilleure compréhension de la composition phytoplanctonique et des flux bio-géochimiques à l'interface eau/sédiment dans les bassins.L'impact des rejets des fermes est également étudié. En outre, un travail plus fondamental est conduit pour connaître les mécanismes de pathogénicité de ces deux espèces de Vibrio mais aussi pour prévenir les occurences d'infections virales par des approches ARN Interférence. Des marqueurs de l'état physiologique des oeufs, larves, post-larves et animaux en élevage, tels que les enzymes du stress oxydant sont utilisés.Les gains de performance (résistance aux pathogènes et croissance) sont obtenus sur des hybrides issus du croisement de la souche locale avec une souche hawaienne. Finalement la base de données STYLOG est exploitée dans le but de distinguer les bonnes des mauvaises pratiques sur la base d'indicateurs fiables.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00143/25438/23591.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00143/25438/

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Science Bv
Résumé : In tropical shrimp ponds, the increasing of feed input, concomitantly with the stocking shrimp biomass, induces an eutrophication of the ecosystem. Although difficult to maintain, its stability is required to guarantee the success of the culture. A 110-day period of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton stock and dynamics in an earthen pond (1.2 ha area, 1 m depth) was monitored using flow cytometry to provide baseline information on community characteristics and ecosystem instability. Seven autotrophic cell types were identified over the whole sampling period. Prokaryotic cells included Synechococcus sp., a group named UNK which presented an atypical new flow cytometric signature and picoeukaryotes (PEUK). Nanophytoplankton cells were represented by 4 groups: NAN1, NAN2, NAN3 and Cryptophytes. During the first part of the survey, picophytoplankton dominated the phytoplanktonic assemblage. The mean abundance of total cells (up to 8 x 10(6) cells mL(-1)) was among the highest recorded in marine and brackish waters. Bacterial abundance and production ranged from 0.8 to 5.1 x 10(7) cells mL(-1) and from 30 to 110 mu g C L-1 h(-1). A shift from pico to nanophytoplankton abundance was observed for a few days from d 96. During this period, heterotrophic bacteria production and abundance suddenly dropped, implying a change in the functioning of the microbial loop. This shift was concomitant with a significant shrimp mortality outbreak due to Vibrio penaeicida, the etiological agent of a disease known as Syndrome 93, which affects the shrimp industry in New Caledonia. This survey suggests that flow cytometric analysis could be used for the monitoring of aquaculture systems to improve our understanding of the complex phytoplankton and bacterial dynamics of these systems and its potential influence on disease development. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Aquaculture (0044-8486) (Elsevier Science Bv), 2010-12 , Vol. 310 , N. 1-2 , P. 112-121

Droits : 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00029/14068/11312.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.10.022
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00029/14068/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BMJ Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
OBJECTIVES: Many women who work during pregnancy are occupationally exposed to toxicants. The developing central nervous system is highly vulnerable to neurotoxicants such as solvents. Although the neurotoxicity of solvents to adults is well established, very few studies have examined their effects on children's behaviour following prenatal exposure. METHODS: Women from the Perturbateurs endocriniens: Étude Longitudinale sur les Anomalies de la Grossesse, l'Infertilité et l'Enfance (PELAGIE) mother-child cohort (including 3005 working women) were recruited in Brittany (France) between 2002 and 2006, at the beginning of pregnancy, to assess occupational exposure to solvents at that time. Child behaviour was documented at age 2 by mothers (n=1278) assessing components of attention deficit/hyperactivity, aggression, opposition and emotionality. We used a multiple linear regression analysis to evaluate the association between occupational solvent exposure and children's behaviour. Complementary sensitivity analyses allowed us to handle missing data, due mostly to attrition. RESULTS: 20% of women reported occasional exposure and 31% regular exposure to solvents. Children prenatally exposed were more likely to have higher scores of attention deficit/hyperactivity and aggression, and dose-response relations were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The dose-response effect and the high prevalence of children potentially exposed to solvents from their mother's workplace exposure underline the public health relevance of this result. Our results should be replicated in further studies designed to identify which solvents are most deleterious and to assess child behaviour at school age.
ISSN: 1351-0711

inserm-00795043
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00795043
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00795043/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00795043/file/Occupationnal_solvent_exposure_child_behavior_HAL.pdf
DOI : 10.1136/oemed-2012-100892

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Exposure to solvents during pregnancy has long been suspected of increasing the risk of congenital malformations, but the lack of prospective assessment of specific solvent exposures has prevented definitive conclusions. METHODS: In a cohort of 3421 pregnant women in Brittany (2002-2006), occupational solvent exposure was assessed from self-report during pregnancy and from a job-exposure matrix. Congenital malformations were diagnosed among live births, stillbirths, and medical pregnancy terminations. In a nested case-control sample, urinary concentrations of 10 metabolites of glycol ethers and chlorinated solvents were measured in maternal samples collected during early pregnancy (n = 79 cases, 580 controls). RESULTS: Dose-response trends linked occupational solvent exposure (both self-reported and based on a job-exposure matrix) to the risk of major congenital malformations--especially oral clefts, urinary tract malformations, and male genital malformations. Detection of some glycol ether metabolites and trichloroacetic acid in urine was associated with increased risks of oral clefts and of urinary tract and limb defects. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective study, using three independent methods of exposure assessment, suggests several specific associations between solvent exposure during early pregnancy and congenital malformations. Results based on urinary biomarkers, although limited by small numbers, identify work situations that require further investigation.
ISSN: 1044-3983

hal-00875918
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875918
DOI : 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31826c2bd8
PUBMED : 23007043

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Résumé : International audience
Background: Glycol ethers (GE) are widely used organic solvents. Despite the potential neurotoxicity of several families of organic solvents, little is known about the impact of GE on the neurodevelopment of infants and children. Objectives: We investigated the relation between urinary concentrations of GE metabolites in pregnant women and neurocognitive abilities in their 6-year-old children in the PELAGIE mother-child cohort. Methods: Five GE metabolites were measured in first morning void urine samples of 204 French pregnant women in early pregnancy (<19 weeks of gestation). Psychologists assessed the neurocognitive abilities of their 6-year-old children with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children IV (WISC) and the Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment (NEPSY). We analyzed the results with linear (WISC) and Poisson regression models (NEPSY), adjusted for potential confounders, including child's stimulation at home. Results: GE metabolites were detected in 90-100% of maternal urine samples. The WISC Verbal Comprehension score was significantly lower for children with the highest tertile of urinary phenoxyacetic acid (PhAA) [beta (third vs. first tertile)=-6.53; 95% CI: -11.44, -1.62]. Similarly, the NEPSY Design Copying subtest score was lower in those with the highest tertile of urinary ethoxyacetic acid (EAA) [beta (third vs. first tertile)=-0.11; 95% CI: -0.21, 0.00]. The other GE metabolites we studied were not significantly associated with WISC or NEPSY scores. Conclusions: Prenatal urine concentrations of two GE metabolites were associated with lower WISC Verbal Comprehension Index scores and NEPSY Design Copying subscale scores, respectively, at age 6 years. PhAA is the primary metabolite of 2-phenoxyethanol (EGPhE), which is commonly found in cosmetics, and precursors of EAA are frequently used in cleaning agents. Additional research is needed to confirm our findings and further explore potential effects of prenatal GE exposures on neurocognitive performance in children.
ISSN: 0091-6765

hal-01519256
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01519256
DOI : 10.1289/EHP39
PUBMED : 27740510

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Glycol ethers are present in a wide range of occupational and domestic products. Animal studies have suggested that some of them may affect ovarian function. OBJECTIVE: To study the relation between women's exposure to glycol ethers and time to pregnancy. METHODS: Urine from randomly selected women in the PELAGIE mother-child cohort who had samples collected before 19 weeks of gestation was tested to measure eight glycol ether metabolites by chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Time to pregnancy was collected at the beginning of the pregnancy by asking women how many months they took to conceive. Associations between metabolite levels and time to pregnancy were estimated in 519 women with complete data using discrete-time Cox proportional hazards models to adjust for potential confounders. RESULTS: Glycol ether metabolites were detected in 6% (for ethoxyacetic acid) to 93% (for phenoxyacetic and butoxyacetic acids) of urine samples. Phenoxyacetic acid was the only metabolite with a statistically significant association with longer time to pregnancy (fecundability OR 0.82; 95% CI: 0.63, 1.06 for the second and third quartile combined; fecundability OR 0.70; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.95 for a fourth-quartile (≥1.38 mg/L) vs. first-quartile concentration (<0.14 mg/L)). This association remained stable after multiple sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION: Phenoxyacetic acid, which was present in most of the urine samples tested in our study, was associated with increased time to pregnancy. This metabolite and its main parent compound, 2-phenoxyethanol, are plausible causes of decreased fecundability, but may also be surrogates for potential co-exposures frequently present in cosmetics.
ISSN: 0091-6765

hal-00866023
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00866023
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00866023/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00866023/file/Urinary_Glycol_Ether-accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.1206103