Éditeur(s) : Université de Bretagne Occidentale
Résumé : This activity report entitled (“Chemical contamination of the marine environment: from measurement to risk assessment”) summarizes the main stages my career at Ifremer from November 1975 to june 2013. The first chapter deals with the seawater chlorination and chlorinated waters released into the sea, the identification and the conditions of the formation of various by-product of these processes. The second chapter concerns PCBs, their nature, their chemical analysis in environmental matrices. PCBs are considered as the best examples of persistant and bioaccumulable compounds and therefore, in all this report they are flagship contaminants to which other groups of studied substances are compared. The third chapter refers to studies performed within marine pollution monitoring programme RNO (Réseau National d’Observation de la qualité de l’environnement marin - National observation network on the quality of the marine environnment) and well as other more limited studies like a first assessement on the presence of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in the French coastal marine environment and last, on the use of zebra mussel (Dresseinia polymorpha) as sentinelle species of the chemical contamination in the Seine estuary. The next two chapters are about bioaccumulation and about the distribution of organic contaminants (PCBs, dioxins, PAHs, PBDEs) in marine organisms and in marine foodwebs. These studies aim at a better knowledge of the presence and fate of these compounds in fish and marine organisms eitheir in an environmental perspective (chapter IV) or in order to contribute to the assessment of their health impact, or more precisely to estimate therelative part of fish and seafood to the human exposure to chemical residues (chapter V). To conclude, the chapter VI concerns the PCB and dioxin fingerprints in the various studied marine matrices ; analytical and environmental interpretations of the observed differences are suggested as well as possible applications.
Ce bilan d’activité intitulé « Contamination chimique du milieu marin : de la mesure à l’évaluation des risques » retrace les étapes essentielles de mon parcours à Ifremer entre novembre 1975 et juin 2013. Le premier chapitre traite de la chloration dans l’eau de mer et les rejets chlorés en mer, l’identification des sous-produits formés lors de ces traitements, les conditions de leur formation. Le second chapitre concerne la nature des PCB et leur analyse dans les matrices environnementales. Les PCB considérés comme les meilleurs exemples de composés persistants bioaccumulables constituent les « contaminants phares » de l’ensemble de ce travail et c’est par rapport aux PCB que sont comparés et évalués les autres groupes de contaminants étudiés. Le troisième chapitre se rapporte aux travaux réalisés dans le cadre de la surveillance RNO (Réseau National d’Observation de la qualité de l’environnement marin) ainsi que dans des études ponctuelles comme un premier inventaire sur les niveaux de présence des dioxines (PCDD et PCDF) dans l’environnement marin littoral ou sur l’utilisation de la moule zébrée (Dresseinia polymorpha) comme espèce indicatrice de la contamination de l’estuaire de la Seine. Les deux chapitres suivants sont consacrés aux travaux sur la bioaccumulation et aux contaminants organiques (PCB, dioxines, HAP, PBDE) dans les organismes et les réseaux trophiques marins soit dans une perspective environnementale sur le devenir des contaminants dans le vivant (chapitre IV) soit dans le cadre de l’évaluation des risques sanitaires ou, plus précisément, de l’estimation de la contribution de la consommation des produits de la mer à l’exposition de l’homme aux résidus chimiques (chapitre V). Pour terminer, le chapitre VI concerne les empreintes de PCB et de dioxines dans les différentes matrices étudiées ; une interprétation analytique et environnementale des différences observées est proposée ainsi que de possibles applications.

Droits : 2013 UBO
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00168/27946/26237.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00168/27946/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Mixtures of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are present in indoor environments. Studies of the developmental effects of exposure to these chemicals in large prospective mother-child cohorts are required, with data on prenatal exposure and long-term follow-up of the children. We aimed to investigate the relationship between prenatal and childhood exposure to PBDEs and neurodevelopment at the age of six years. We determined the levels of PBDEs and other neurotoxicants in cord blood and dust collected from the homes of children for 246 families included in the PELAGIE mother-child cohort in France. We assessed two cognitive domains of the six-year-old children using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV. Verbal comprehension scores were lower in children from homes with higher concentrations of BDE99 (βDetects < median_vs_NonDetects = −1.6; 95% CI: −6.1, 2.9; βDetects≥median_vs_NonDetects = −5.4; −9.9, −1.0; ptrend = 0.02) and of BDE209 (β2nd_vs₁st_tertile = −1.8; 95% CI: −6.1, 2.5; β3rd_vs₁st_tertile = −3.2; −7.5, 1.2; ptrend = 0.15) in dust, particularly for boys (ptrend = 0.02 and 0.04, respectively). Working memory scores seemed to be lower in children with higher BDE99 concentrations in dust (ptrend = 0.10). No association was observed with cord blood levels of BDE209. Our findings are in agreement with those of four previous studies suggesting adverse cognitive outcomes among children associated with early-life exposure to penta-BDE mixtures, and provide new evidence for the potential neurotoxicity of BDE209. Several countries are in the process of banning the use of PBDE mixtures as flame-retardants. However, these compounds are likely to remain present in the environment for a long time to come
ISSN: 0161-813X

hal-01286255
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01286255
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01286255/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01286255/file/Childhood%20exposure%20to%20polybrominated%20diphenyl-accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.03.002

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Lead in homes is a well-known source of childhood lead exposure,which is still of concern due to the health effects of low lead doses. This study aims to describe lead contamination in the homes of children aged 6 months to 6 years in France (without overseas). Between October 2008 and August 2009 ,484 housing units were investigated. Lead in tap water and total and leachable lead levels from floor dust, outdoor soils and paint chips were measured. X-ray fluorescence measurements were carried out on non-metallic and metallic substrates. Nationwide results are provided. The indoor floor dust lead (PbD) geometric mean (GM) was 8.8 microg/m2 (0.8 microg/ft2) and 6.8 mmicrog/m2 (0.6 mg/ft2) for total and leachable lead respectively; 0.21% of homes had an indoor PbD loading above 430.5 microg/m2 (40 microg/ft2). The outdoor play area concentration GM was 33.5microg/kg and 21.7microgkg in total and leachable lead respectively; 1.4% of concentrations were higher than or equal to 400microg/kg. Outdoor floor PbD GM was 44.4 mg/m2 (4.1 mg/ft2) that was approximately 3.2 times higher than the GM of indoor PbD. Lead-based paint (LBP) was present in 25% of dwellings, LBP on only non-metallic substrates was present in 19% of homes and on metallic substrates in 10% of dwellings. The GM of lead concentrations in tap water was below 1 microg/L; 58% of concentrations were lower than 1 microg/L and 2.9% were higher than or equal to 10 mg/L. The age cut-off for homes with lead would be 1974 for paint and 1993 for indoor floor dust. This study provides, for the first time, a look at the state of lead contamination to which children are exposed in French housing. Moreover, it provides policy makers an estimate of the number of French dwellings sheltering children where abatement should be conducted.
Environmental Research

hal-00714516
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00714516

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: People in developed countries are widely exposed to low levels of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Seafood is a major contributor to PCB exposure. Toxicity of those various pollutants to reproductive and endocrine functions raises questions about possible effects on fertility. We explored whether serum levels of these pollutants and seafood consumption were associated with the fertility of couples enrolled in a French birth cohort (PELAGIE). METHODS: Time-to-pregnancy was investigated in 3,421 pregnant women by asking how many months they had taken to conceive. Levels of 14 organochlorine pesticides, 12 PCBs, and 10 PBDE compounds were measured in cord blood serum from a random subcohort (n = 394). Mercury concentrations measured in maternal hair were considered as a potential coexposure. Fecundability odds ratios (ORs) were estimated from multivariate discrete-time Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: Shellfish consumption was associated with longer time-to-pregnancy (fecundability OR ≥twice/week vs. 0.410 µg/L vs. <0.266 µg/L, fecundability OR = 0.46 [0.32-0.66]). In multiple sensitivity analyses, reduced fecundability was most consistently associated with shellfish consumption, p,p'-DDE, total PCBs, PCB153, and PCB187. Models that simultaneously included multiple coexposure factors led to similar conclusions. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings were robust in sensitivity analyses, including analysis restricted to primiparous women. These results suggest that PCBs, p,p'-DDE, and other shellfish contaminants may impair human fertility.
ISSN: 1044-3983

inserm-00826533
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00826533
DOI : 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31827f53ec
PUBMED : 23348067

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
People are exposed to multiple pollutants, especially indoors, in particular through ingestion of indoor settled dust. In the perspective of a cumulative risk assessment, a multi-residue analytical method based on pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous analysis in indoor dust of several classes of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) of health concern, from trace to highly concentrated compounds, including musk fragrances, organochlorines (OCs), organophosphates (OPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polybromodiphenylethers (PBDEs), polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), phthalates and pyrethroids. The method was validated in terms of limits of quantification (LOQ), and accuracy and precision via spiking experiments on an inert material (Celite(®) 545) and replicate analysis of the standard reference material SRM 2585 supplied by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Method LOQs for 200 mg samples of sieved dust were 26 ng g(-1) for PCBs and some OCs, 65 ng g(-1) for musks, OPs, PAHs, PBDEs, pyrethroids, other OCs and some phthalates, 132 ng g(-1) for butylbenzylphthalate (BBP), 197 ng g(-1) for tributylphosphate and 1579 ng g(-1) for other phthalates. Quadratic calibration curves were established for each compound by analyzing at least five calibration solutions and exhibited determination coefficients higher than 0.999. The method was successfully applied to the SRM 2585 and seven real indoor dust samples. The results obtained on SRM 2585 demonstrate both excellent reproducibility and agreement with the indicative, reference or certified values and provide, for the first time, indicative concentrations for chlorpyrifos, diazinon, diisononylphthalate (DiNP) and tetramethrin. The results obtained on real dust samples illustrate the ability of the proposed method to quantify a wide range of SVOCs in a single analysis, making it appropriate for environmental monitoring programs or large-scale studies with a large number of samples.
ISSN: 0021-9673

hal-00994493
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00994493
DOI : 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.02.004
PUBMED : 24598454

Résumé : This study contributes to inventory programme on emerging pollutants in French waters and to the general reflection which will enable to update the list of relevant substnaces to be included in the new monitoring programmes to come. This work concerns the coastal part of the inventory programme on marine waters and sediments of France and five overseas french departments (OFD). In this goal, passive sampling techniques and direct extraction techniques have been tested through the implementation of in situ systems integrators POCIS (Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler) and the extraction by SBSE bars (Stir bar sorptive extraction) directly in the waters sampled. Finally, analyzes of sediment completed the acquisition of data. Arount 40 stations were sampled for shore waters and sediments were collected from 7 stations in France and 5 stations in the OFD (one station/OFD). In analytical terms, 1054 analyzes were carried out on POCIS membranes and only 64 data exceeded the limit of detection (LD), 12726 analyzes came from SBSE extractions and 304 were above the LD and 1536 analyzes in sediment showed that 237 data were above the limit of quantification (LQ). Finally, 169 different substances were investigated and 68 of them were detected at least once in water or sediment. The lack of replicates for POCIS analyzes and those in the sediment limited the statistical treatment of data. The results were used to determine the level of contamination, the detection frequency (FD), the distribution of substances between France and OFD, the comparison with environmental thresholds (the PNEC) and the origin/use of the substances. In littoral waters, 32 substances were identified and 19 were quantified. In the sediment, 47 substances were quantified. Nine substances were detected in both water and sediment. In France, the 15 substances that were quantified at higher frequencies (> 50 %, one out of 2 sites) were quantified in sediments. These are the congeners of PAHs (11 substances), organic forms of tin (2 substances), diethyl lead and 209 PBDE congener. In the OFD, the 22 substances that were quantified at higher frequencies (> 50 %, one out of 2 sites) were measured in sediments. These are congeners of PAHs (13 substances) , alkylphenols ( 3 molecules: the mono and diethoxyate nonylphenol and the 4-ter butylphenol ), the organic forms of tin (2 substances), products of metabolism insecticide DDT ( 2 products), diethyl lead and the 209 PBDE congener. The study of the highest concentrations distribution of substances between France and OFD shows that the 5 (among 19 molecules) highest concentrations in water and the 6 (among 47 molecules) highest concentrations in sediments are found in OFD. Reference to PNEC indicates that four pesticides in water and 11 different substances in sediments exceed the environmental thresholds. Substances with highest detection frequency are found in the sediment. The distribution of data by use or nature of the substance shows that plasticizers and pesticides predominate in raw water, both in France and overseas departments while PAHs in sediments dominate in France and in OFD.
Cette étude contribue au programme d’inventaire des substances chimiques émergentes dans les eaux françaises et à la réflexion qui doit permettre d’actualiser la liste des substances pertinentes à surveiller de manière régulière dans le cadre des nouveaux programmes de surveillance. Ce travail concerne la partie littorale de l’inventaire, sur les eaux brutes et les sédiments de la métropole et des 5 DOM. Dans ce cadre, des techniques d’échantillonnage passif (EP) et d’extraction directe ont été testées grâce à la mise en place in situ de systèmes intégrateurs POCIS (Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler) et à l’extraction par des barres SBSE (Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction) directement dans les eaux échantillonnées. Enfin des analyses de sédiments ont complété l’acquisition des données. L’eau d’une quarantaine de stations a été échantillonnée et des sédiments ont été prélevés sur 7 stations en métropole et dans 5 stations dans les DOM (une station par DOM). En termes analytiques, 1054 analyses ont été réalisées sur les membranes POCIS et 64 dépassaient la limite de détection (LD), 12726 analyses ont concerné les extractions par SBSE pour 304 résultats situés au dessus de la LD et 1536 analyses effectuées dans le sédiment ont donné 237 valeurs supérieures à la limite de quantification (LQ). Au bilan 169 substances différentes ont été recherchées et 68 d’entre elles ont été détectées au moins une fois dans l’eau brute ou le sédiment. L’absence de réplicats pour les analyses POCIS et celles dans le sédiment a limité le traitement statistique des données. Les résultats ont permis de déterminer le niveau de contamination, la fréquence de détection (FD), la distribution métropole/DOM des substances, la comparaison avec les seuils environnementaux (PNEC) et l’origine des substances. Dans l’eau 32 substances ont été identifiées et 19 ont été quantifiées. Dans le sédiment 47 substances sont quantifiées .Neuf substances sont détectées à la fois dans l’eau et le sédiment. En métropole, les 15 substances quantifiées aux plus hautes fréquences (> 50%, soit un site sur 2) sont quantifiées dans les sédiments. Ce sont les congénères de la famille des HAP (11 substances), des formes organiques de l’étain (2 substances), le plomb diéthyle et le congénère 209 des PBDE. Dans les DOM, les 22 substances quantifiées aux plus hautes fréquences (> 50%, soit un site sur 2) sont mesurées dans les sédiments. Ce sont des congénères de la famille des HAP dans (13 substances), des alkylphénols (3 substances : nonylphénols mono et diéthoxylés et 4-ter butylphénol), des formes organiques de l’étain (2 substances), des produits de métabolisation de l’insecticide DDT (2 produits), du plomb diéthyle et du congénère 209 des PBDE. L’étude de la répartition des plus fortes concentrations entre la métropole et les DOM montre que les 5 (sur 19) concentrations les plus élevées mesurées dans l’eau et les 6 (sur 47) plus fortes concentrations mesurées dans les sédiments sont trouvées dans les DOM. Les substances mesurées aux fortes fréquences sont observées dans le sédiment. La référence à la PNEC indique le dépassement de la norme pour 4 pesticides dans l’eau brute et 11 substances diverses dans les sédiments. L’exploitation des données par usage ou nature des substances montre que les plastifiants et les pesticides sont majoritaires dans les eaux brutes, à la fois en métropole et dans les DOM alors que ce sont les HAP qui dominent dans les sédiments, en métropole et dans les DOM.

Droits : 2014 ONEMA, Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00259/36994/35483.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00259/36994/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Lead in homes is a well-known source of childhood lead exposure, which is still of concern due to the health effects of low lead doses. This study aims to describe lead contamination in the homes of children aged 6 months to 6 years in France (without overseas). Between October 2008 and August 2009, 484 housing units were investigated. Lead in tap water and total and leachable lead levels from floor dust, outdoor soils and paint chips were measured. X-ray fluorescence measurements were carried out on non-metallic and metallic substrates. Nationwide results are provided. The indoor floor dust lead (PbD) geometric mean (GM) was 8.8 μg/m² (0.8 μg/ft²) and 6.8 μg/m² (0.6 μg/ft²) for total and leachable lead respectively; 0.21% of homes had an indoor PbD loading above 430.5 μg/m² (40 μg/ft²). The outdoor play area concentration GM was 33.5 mg/kg and 21.7 mg/kg in total and leachable lead respectively; 1.4% of concentrations were higher than or equal to 400 mg/kg. Outdoor floor PbD GM was 44.4 μg/m² (4.1 μg/ft²) that was approximately 3.2 times higher than the GM of indoor PbD. Lead-based paint (LBP) was present in 25% of dwellings, LBP on only non-metallic substrates was present in 19% of homes and on metallic substrates in 10% of dwellings. The GM of lead concentrations in tap water was below 1 μg/L; 58% of concentrations were lower than 1 μg/L and 2.9% were higher than or equal to 10 μg/L. The age cut-off for homes with lead would be 1974 for paint and 1993 for indoor floor dust. This study provides, for the first time, a look at the state of lead contamination to which children are exposed in French housing. Moreover, it provides policy makers an estimate of the number of French dwellings sheltering children where abatement should be conducted.
ISSN: 0013-9351

hal-00732138
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00732138
DOI : 10.1016/j.envres.2012.04.005
PUBMED : 22551852

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
People are exposed to multiple pollutants, especially indoors. In the perspective of a cumulative risk assessment, a multi-residue analytical method was developed to assess the contamination of indoor suspended particulate matter by 55 semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) including musk fragrances, organochlorines (OCs), organophosphates (OPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polybromodiphenylethers (PBDEs), polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), phthalates and pyrethroids. It is based on thermal desorption (TD) coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Once the thermal desorption conditions were optimized, the method was validated in terms of quantification limits and accuracy using a standard reference material (SRM 2585). Instrumental quantification limits were 10pg (some OCs, some pyrethroids, musk fragrances, OPs, PAHs, PBDEs and PCBs), 100pg (phthalates and other OCs) and 1000pg (other pyrethroids) corresponding respectively to method quantification limits of 1, 10, and 100pg/m(3) for a sampled air volume of 20m(3). Calibration quadratic curves for ranges of 10-1000, 100-10,000, and 1000-100,000pg, depending on the substance, exhibit determination coefficients above 0.999. Recoveries were between 61 and 96% for chlorinated pesticides, PAHs, PBDEs and PCBs present in the SRM 2585. A test of the method on indoor particulate matter samples (PM(10)) collected on quartz fiber filters in French dwellings demonstrated its ability to quantify SVOCs from a small amount of PM.
ISSN: 0021-9673

hal-00732133
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00732133
DOI : 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.025
PUBMED : 22840824

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Human exposure to dechloranes has been evaluated in Western Europe (France) with the analysis of Dechlorane Plus (DP), Dechloranes (Dec) 602, 603 and 604, Chlordene Plus (CP) and Mirex in 48 serum samples collected between 2003 and 2005. While no production source has been identified in Europe until now, detection frequencies for all investigated dechloranes were high, except for Dec 604 which was below detection limit for all samples. The mean DP concentration was 1.40±1.40ng/g lipid weight (lw), lower than levels reported in serum from Chinese population, but higher than levels reported in Canadian human milk. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that ∑5dechlorane levels are reported for human serum. A specific pattern of contamination was found (Dec 603>DP>Mirex>Dec 602>CP) compared to other biota samples that have been analyzed from Europe, with Dec 603 as the most abundant dechlorane (mean level: 2.61±2.63ng/g lw). Dec 603 and CP levels were correlated with age and with levels of some bioaccumulative organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). These results indicate that bioaccumulation properties should be further investigated and taken in consideration when assessing human exposure to dechloranes. For comparison purposes, polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) levels were also measured for BDE-47, -99, -100, -153 and -154 in the serum samples. As expected, BDE-47 and BDE-153 were the major congeners with mean levels of 2.06±1.80ng/g lw and 1.39±0.97ng/g lw, respectively. The mean ∑5PBDE levels (4.32±2.99ng/g lw) were in the range typical of Western Europe levels, but lower than the mean ∑5dechlorane levels (6.24±4.16ng/g lw). These results indicate that the attention to dechloranes should be continued if research indicates toxicological concerns.
ISSN: 0160-4120

hal-01004642
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01004642
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01004642/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01004642/file/Levelssur dechloranes_and_polybrominated_diphenyl_ethers_accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.envint.2013.12.014

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
The chemical and isotopic compositions of clay minerals such as illite and chlorite are commonly used to quantify diagenetic and low-grade metamorphic conditions, an approach that is also used in the present study of the Monte Perdido thrust fault from the South Pyrenean fold-and-thrust belt. The Monte Perdido thrust fault is a shallow thrust juxtaposing upper Cretaceous-Paleocene platform carbonates and Lower Eocene marls and turbidites from the Jaca basin. The core zone of the fault, about 6 m thick, consists of intensely deformed clay-bearing rocks bounded by major shear surfaces. Illite and chlorite are the main hydrous minerals in the fault zone. Illite is oriented along cleavage planes while chlorite formed along shear veins (<50 μm in thickness). Authigenic chlorite provides essential information about the origin of fluids and their temperature. δ18O and δD values of newly formed chlorite support equilibration with sedimentary interstitial water, directly derived from the local hanging wall and footwall during deformation. Given the absence of large-scale fluid flow, the mineralization observed in the thrust faults records the P-T conditions of thrust activity. Temperatures of chlorite formation of about 240°C are obtained via two independent methods: chlorite compositional thermometers and oxygen isotope fractionation between cogenetic chlorite and quartz. Burial depth conditions of 7 km are determined for the Monte Perdido thrust reactivation, coupling calculated temperature and fluid inclusion isochores. The present study demonstrates that both isotopic and thermodynamic methods applied to clay minerals formed in thrust fault are useful to help constrain diagenetic and low-grade metamorphic conditions.
ISSN: 0010-7999

hal-00757736
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00757736
DOI : 10.1007/s00410-011-0718-0

Éditeur(s) : Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd
Résumé : Consumption of marine organisms represents one of the main exposure sources of contaminants for human populations. To obtain a global view of the contamination in commercial fish in the NW Mediterranean Sea, we analysed four types of priority contaminants (PCBs, PBDEs, Hg and Cs-137) in the European hake, Merluccius merluccius, from the Gulf of Lions in relation with organism's trophic level (delta N-15). All contaminants presented a significant increase in concentration in hake muscle with trophic level. However, obvious differences between contaminants were evidenced. Biomagnification factors (BMF and FWMF) along the hake food web were higher for Hg and CB-153 than for BDE-47 and Cs-137, and increase in contaminant concentration with trophic level occurred at different rates depending on contaminants. Such differences of biomagnification patterns can be related to physico-chemical properties of the different contaminants. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Marine Pollution Bulletin (0025-326X) (Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd), 2012-05 , Vol. 64 , N. 5 , P. 974-983

Droits : 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00085/19583/17484.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.02.014
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00085/19583/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Sixty-six semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs)—phthalates, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), one pyrethroid, organochlorine and organophosphorous pesticides, alkylphenols, synthetic musks, tri-n-butylphosphate and triclosan—were measured on PM10 filters collected over 7 days during a nationwide survey of 285 French dwellings, representative of nearly 25 million housing units. Thirty-five compounds were detected in more than half of the dwellings. PAHs, phthalates and triclosan were the major particle-bound SVOCs, with a median concentration greater than 1 ng m−3 for butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP) (median: 1.6 ng m−3), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) (46 ng m−3) and di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DiNP) (7.9 ng m−3), and greater than 0.1 ng m−3 for triclosan (114 pg m−3), benzo(a)anthracene (44.4 pg m−3), benzo(a)pyrene (138 pg m−3), benzo(b)fluoranthene (306 pg m−3), benzo(g,h,i)perylene (229 pg m−3), and indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene (178 pg m−3). For most of the SVOCs, higher concentrations were found in the dwellings of smokers and during the heating season. The concentrations of banned SVOCs—namely, PCBs and organochlorine pesticides—were correlated. Permethrin, 4-tert-butylphenol and bisphenol-A showed no correlation with the other SVOCs and seemed to have their own specific sources. Most SVOCs were positively associated with PM10 concentration, suggesting that any factor that raises the mass of indoor airborne particles also increases the exposure to SVOCs through inhalation
ISSN: 1352-2310

hal-01304354
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01304354
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01304354/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01304354/file/Semi-volatile%20organic%20compounds.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.04.016

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Recent research has demonstrated the importance of dermal exposure for some semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) present in the gas phase of indoor air. Though models for estimating dermal intake from gaseous SVOCs exist, their predictions can be subject to variations in input parameters, which can lead to large variation in exposure estimations. In this sensitivity analysis for a steady state model, we aimed to assess these variations and their determinants using probabilistic Monte Carlo sampling for 8 SVOCs from different chemical families: phthalates, bisphenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organophosphorus (OPs), organochlorines (OCs), synthetic musks, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybromodiphenylethers (PBDEs). Indoor SVOC concentrations were found to be the most influential parameters. Both Henry's law constant (H) and octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow) uncertainty also had significant influence. While exposure media properties such as volume fraction of organic matter in the particle phase (fom-part), particle density (ρpart), concentration ([TSP]) and transport coefficient (ɣd) had a slight influence for some compounds, human parameters such as body weight (W), body surface area (A) and daily exposure (t) make a marginal or null contribution to the variance of dermal intake for a given age group. Inclusion of a parameter sensitivity analysis appears essential to reporting uncertainties in dermal exposure assessment.
ISSN: 0160-4120

hal-01635769
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01635769
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01635769/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01635769/file/Pelletier%202017%20Dermal%20expo%20rev2.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.envint.2017.02.005

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
The contamination of indoor environments with chemical compounds released by materials and furniture, such as semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) is less documented in schools than in dwellings - yet children spend 16% of their time in schools, where they can also be exposed. This study is one of the first to describe the contamination of the air and dust of 90 classrooms from 30 nursery and primary schools by 55 SVOCs, including pesticides, phosphoric esters, musks, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), phthalates and polybromodiphenylethers (PBDEs). Air samples were collected using an active sampling method, and dust samples were collected via two sampling methods (wiping and vacuum cleaning). In air, the highest concentrations (median extbackslashtextgreater 100 ng/m(3) ) were measured for diisobutyl-phthalate (DiBP), dibutyl-phthalate (DBP), diethyl-phthalate (DEP), bis(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) and galaxolide. In dust, the highest concentrations (median extbackslashtextgreater 30 μg/g) were found for DEHP, diisononyl-phthalate (DiNP), DiBP and DBP. An attempt to compare two floor dust sampling methods using a single unit (ng/m²) was carried out. SVOC concentrations were higher in wiped dust, but frequencies of quantification were greater in vacuumed dust.
ISSN: 0905-6947

hal-01286254
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01286254
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01286254/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01286254/file/Semi-volatile%20organic%20compounds%20in%20the%20air%20and%20dust_accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1111/ina.12288

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) partition indoors between the gas phase, airborne particles, settled dust, and other surfaces. Unknown concentrations of SVOCs in the gas phase (Cg) can be predicted from their measured concentrations in airborne particles. In previous studies, the prediction of Cg depended largely on choosing a specific equation for the calculation of the particle/gas partition coefficient. Moreover, the prediction of Cg is frequently performed at a reference temperature rather than the real indoor temperature. In this paper, a probabilistic approach based on Monte Carlo simulation was developed to predict the distribution of SVOCs' Cg from their concentrations in airborne particles at the target indoor temperature. Moreover, the distribution of the particle/gas partition coefficient of each SVOC at the target temperature was used. The approach was validated using two measured datasets in the literature: the predicted Cg from concentrations measured in airborne particles and the measured Cg were generally of the same order of magnitude. The distributions of the Cg of 66 SVOCs in the French housing stock were then predicted. The SVOCs with the highest median Cg, ranging from 1 ng/m3 to > 100 ng/m3, included 8 phthalates (DEP, DiBP, DBP, DEHP, BBP, DMP, DiNP, and DMEP), 4 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and anthracene), 2 alkylphenols (4-tert-butylphenol and 4-tert-octylphenol), 2 synthetic musks (galaxolide and tonalide), tributyl phosphate, and heptachlor. The nationwide, representative, predicted Cg values of SVOCs are frequently of the same order of magnitude in Europe and North America, whereas these Cg values in Chinese and Indian dwellings and the Cg of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in U.S. dwellings are generally higher. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
Science of the Total Environment

hal-01467547
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01467547
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.074
PUBMED : 27788447

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Particle/gas and dust/gas partition coefficients (Kp and Kd) are two key parameters that address the partitioning of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) between gas-phase, airborne particles, and settled dust in indoor environment. A number of empirical equations to calculate the values of Kp and Kd have been reported in the literature. Therefore, the difficulty lies in the selection of a specific empirical equation in a given situation. In this study, we retrieved from the literature 38 empirical equations for calculating Kp and Kd values from the SVOC saturation vapor pressure and octanol/air partition coefficient. These values were calculated for 72 SVOCs: 9 phthalates, 9 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 11 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 22 biocides, 14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 3 alkylphenols, 2 synthetic musks, tributylphosphate, and bisphenol A. The mean and median values of log10 Kp or log10 Kd for most SVOCs were of the same order of magnitude. The distribution of log10 Kp values was fitted to either a normal distribution (for 27 SVOCs) or a log-normal distribution (for 45 SVOCs). This work provides a reference distribution of the log10 Kp for 72 SVOCs, and its use may reduce the bias associated with the selection of a specific value or equation
ISSN: 0045-6535

hal-01295671
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01295671
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.007
PUBMED : 27016817

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Recent research has demonstrated the importance of dermal exposure for some semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) present in the gas phase of indoor air. Though models for estimating dermal intake from gaseous SVOCs exist, their predictions can be subject to variations in input parameters, which can lead to large variation in exposure estimations. In this sensitivity analysis for a steady state model, we aimed to assess these variations and their determinants using probabilistic Monte Carlo sampling for 8 SVOCs from different chemical families: phthalates, bisphenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organophosphorus (OPs), organochlorines (OCs), synthetic musks, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybromodiphenylethers (PBDEs). Indoor SVOC concentrations were found to be the most influential parameters. Both Henry's law constant (H) and octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow) uncertainty also had significant influence. While exposure media properties such as volume fraction of organic matter in the particle phase (fom-part), particle density (ρpart), concentration ([TSP]) and transport coefficient (ɣd) had a slight influence for some compounds, human parameters such as body weight (W), body surface area (A) and daily exposure (t) make a marginal or null contribution to the variance of dermal intake for a given age group. Inclusion of a parameter sensitivity analysis appears essential to reporting uncertainties in dermal exposure assessment.
ISSN: 0160-4120

hal-01526430
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01526430
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01526430/file/Dermal%20absorption%20of%20semivolatile%20organic%20compounds_accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.envint.2017.02.005
PUBMED : 28249739