Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
We build a class of codes using hermitian forms and the functional trace code. Then we give a general expression of the r-th minimum distance of our code and compute general bounds for the weight hierarchy by using exponential sums. We also get the minimum distance and calculate the r-th generalized Hamming weight dr in some special cases.
ISSN: 1071-5797

hal-00771922
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00771922

Résumé : After a period of rapid development of the sites (an increase in both reared surface area and production), tropical shrimp aquaculture is currently being faced with critical problems due to economical and ecological constraints. In many countries with favourable conditions for shrimp aquaculture such as indonesia or Vietnam, sites are often badly selected and/or over-exploited. This conducts to sorne extent to decreases or collapses in the production due to the difficulty in predicting the maximum production capacity of the sites. Furthermore, it appears that production sustainability depends on many factors among which socio-economy and ecolo gy are of prime importance. The STD3 project titled « Assessment of tropical shrimp aquaculture impact on the environment in tropical countries using hydrobiology, ecology and remote sensing as helping tools for diagnosis )) was initiated in 1994, with the aim to study the sustainability of marine shrimp aquaculture in tropical areas, main! y Indonesia and Vietnam, through the following tasks: (i) improve site selection and study the impact of aquaculture on marine environments presenting a variable sensitivity to organic sewage, (ii) analyse the socio-economical aspects and profitability of the aquaculture industry and of common resources (iii) use remote sensing and geographical data bases for diagnosis and monitoring of site degradation (iv) reinforce the capacity of Asian scientists through training. Severa! aquaculture sites have been investigated in the Lampung region (South Sumatra, Indonesia), the Mekong delta (Vietnam) and on the West coast of New-Caledonia, providing a large range of typical ecosystems encountered in Asia and in the Pacifie, from coralline sites to coastal plains with mangrove and deltaic areas. The study concerned the spatial structure and seasonal influence of these ecosystems, the temporal variation during the course of the project (3 years) and the relation between the ecological structure and farm productions. Remote sensing provides a synoptic vision over large land expanses. Severa! scenes were processed for landuse mapping using conventional classification techniques. Concerning water quality assessment, a general relation for the Java sea was found between image and field data in terms of total suspended matter. Applying this relation to a new site in Sumatra has provided an initial approach to water type and, together with land use mapping, a preliminary assessment of the suitability of the area to shrimp aquaculture development. Socio-economic research has been focused on the identification ofneeds for collective action, including public policy, in the perspective of shrimp farming sustainability. The main concern is in the regulation of shrimp farming intensification and extensification at the scale of coastal ecosystemic entities in a common property resource management perspective. The common considered here is coastal water quality. Comparing the local development profiles and the institutional grounds for the design and implementation of collective management rules shows that variables such as land tenure system, farm owner socio-economic profile, social homogeneity or heterogeneity of the farmers are key factors to analyse the potential for sustainability. The defmition of water quality and the possible means to ensure its collective management are discussed. The main conclusion is that the economie incentives to farming development are strong but there is no significant difference among traditional, semi-intensive and intensive systems in terms of economie efficiency or wealth distribution. The description of the functioning of the different kinds of ecosystems make it possible to give an advice concerning the positioning of the activity inside the ecosystem, and furthermore to have a reference state in order to determine the impact of the activity on the coastal environnement. This impact can be summarized as an increase in the concentration of total suspended matt€?r, of particulate organic matter and of sulfate reducing bacterias. This organic ma~.er is either issued from rearing activities or from telluric origine, due to mangrove eradication when building the ponds. An evaluation of the relationship existing between productivity and characteristics of each ecosystem bas been conducted by correlating ecological indicators data (concentration of total suspended matter, particulate organic matter, chlorophyll, percentage of pheopigments in total pigments and cyanobacteria and sulfatereducing bacteria in water and sediments) with the average production of the farms. This comparison lead to the compilation of a scale of observed production integrating the range of these environmental parameters with shrimp production levels, bound to facilitate the positioning of shrimp farming in relation with the confmement leve! of each ecosystem. Lastly, ali geographie data originated from the various compartments of the study have been geo-referenced and loaded into a geographical information system. This allows to display any query made on spatial variables and their related statistical data, including the ir variations over the last few years and to reveal patterns and phenomena otherwise not obvious.
Le programme mis en oeuvre par la DRV (Paris, CREMA-L'Houmeau, DELIAO Brest, COP Tahiti, GIE/RA Nouvelle Calédonie), dans le cadre d'un projet européen STD3 «(Sciences et Technique au Service du Développement», en collaboration avec l'Université de Montpellier II, l'Ecole Nationale d'Agronomie de Rennes, l'ITC (Hollande), l'Institut Océanographique de Nha Trang (Vietnam), le BADC de Jepara et le BPPT de Jakarta (Indonésie), avait pour but la mise au point de méthodes permettant d'améliorer la sélection des sites ainsi que le suivi du développement et de l'impact de l'aquaculture des crevettes Péneides en milieu tropical pour éviter la surexploitation. Quatre axes de recherche ont été défmis : a) identifier la nature et quantifier les rejets de déchets issus de ce type d'aquaculture, b) définir les caractéristiques écologiques des écosystèmes susceptibles d'accueillir l'activité aquacole et suivre leur évolution sous l'influence des rejets, c) déterminer l'influence de la gestion des fermes et des ressources (aspects économiques) sur les performances de productivité, d) déterminer la capacité de la télédétection comme outil de diagnostic d'impact à l'échelle de la région, e) mener un programme de formation d'étudiants et jeunes chercheurs Vietnamiens et Indonésiens.

Droits : 1998 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00132/24357/22357.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00132/24357/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
A subject of continuing debate is how the Earth's lithospheric portion of the upper mantle has remained the thickest (> 200 km) and oldest (> 3 Gy) beneath cratons and is yet surrounded by a vigorously convecting asthenosphere. It is generally admitted that water is a key parameter in the strength and longevity of cratonic roots, because olivine, the main phase of the lithospheric mantle, becomes stronger if its water content decreases. Expanding upon the work presented in Novella et al. (2015) and Taylor et al. (2016), we report new water contents for additional olivine inclusions in diamonds together with the trace-element composition for all olivine inclusions, as well as for mantle xenoliths from various kimberlite pipes located on the Siberian craton. The olivine diamond inclusions from this study have systematically low-water contents (< 50 ppmw H2O), moderate to high forsterite (e.g., Fo91–94) contents and low Ni, Co, and Zn ppm contents (e.g., < 2848, < 108, and < 47 ppm, respectively). In contrast, olivines from Siberian craton mantle xenoliths have a wide range of water contents (6–323 ppmw H2O) and extend to lower-Fo (91–92), Ni, Co, and Zn-rich compositions, compared to the diamond inclusions. Depleted incompatible trace-element concentrations in olivine (0.1–0.001 × Primitive Mantle) advance our hypothesis for the protogenetic origins for the majority of Siberian diamond inclusions. These observations are consistent with the peridotite xenoliths as representing a part of the cratonic lithosphere that has experienced melt re-fertilization, which has also transported water. The olivine diamond inclusions, on the other hand, preserve “micro-samples” of an initial, dry cratonic lithosphere, mostly resulting from melting events. These inclusions are likely sourced from the initial cratonic mantle lithosphere, which thereby, resisted delamination over time, due to its buoyancy and strength, imparted from melt and water depletion, respectively. And thus, our data provides a major argument that the kimberlite-hosted mantle xenoliths may be more metasomatized than common rocks at the base of the Siberian and other cratonic roots away from kimberlite fields.
ISSN: 0024-4937

hal-01467731
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01467731
DOI : 10.1016/j.lithos.2016.07.023

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
This article is intended as a preliminary report on the implementation of a finite volume multilevel scheme for the discretization of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. As is well known, the use of staggered grids (e.g., MAC grids [M. Perić, R. Kessler and G. Scheuerer, Comput. & Fluids 16 (1988), no. 4, 389-403; Zbl 0672.76018]) is a serious impediment for the implementation of multilevel schemes in the context of finite differences. This difficulty is circumvented here by the use of a colocated finite volume discretization [S. Faure, J Laminie and R. Temam, "Colocated finite volume schemes for fluid flows'', submitted; M. Perić, R. Kessler and G. Scheuerer, op. cit.], for which the algebra of multilevel methods is much simpler than in the context of MAC type finite differences. The general ideas and the numerical simulations are presented in this article in the simplified context of a two-dimensional Burgers equation; the two- and three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations, which introduce new difficulties related to the incompressibility condition and the time discretization, will be considered elsewhere [see S. Faure, J Laminie and R. Temam, op. cit.; "Finite volume discretization and multilevel methods for the Navier-Stokes equations'', in preparation].
ISSN: 0885-7474

hal-00730193
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00730193

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Over the last decade, distance-based methods have been introduced and then improved in the field of spatial economics to gauge the geographic concentration of activities. There is a growing literature on this theme including new tools, discussions on their specific properties and various applications. However, there is currently no typology of distance-based methods. This paper fills that gap. The proposed classification helps understand all the properties of distance-based methods and proves that they are variations on the same framework.
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00679993

halshs-00679993
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00679993
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00679993v3/document

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
UNLABELLED: ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Malaria remains a major health problem in French Guiana, with a mean of 3800 cases each year. A previous study in Camopi, an Amerindian village on the Oyapock River, highlighted the major contribution of environmental features to the incidence of malaria attacks. We propose a method for the objective selection of the best multivariate peridomestic landscape characterisation that maximises the chances of identifying relationships between environmental features and malaria incidence, statistically significant and meaningful from an epidemiological point of view. METHODS: A land-cover map, the hydrological network and the geolocalised inhabited houses were used to characterise the peridomestic landscape in eleven discoid buffers with radii of 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1000 metres. Buffer-based landscape characterisations were first compared in terms of their capacity to discriminate between sites within the geographic space and of their effective multidimensionality in variable space. The Akaike information criterion (AIC) was then used to select the landscape model best explaining the incidences of P. vivax and P. falciparum malaria. Finally, we calculated Pearson correlation coefficients for the relationships between environmental variables and malaria incidence, by species, for the more relevant buffers. RESULTS: The optimal buffers for environmental characterisation had radii of 100 m around houses for P. vivax and 400 m around houses for P. falciparum. The incidence of P. falciparum malaria seemed to be more strongly linked to environmental features than that of P. vivax malaria, within these buffers. The incidence of P. falciparum malaria in children was strongly correlated with proportions of bare soil (r = -0.69), land under high vegetation (r = 0.68) and primary forest (r = 0.54), landscape division (r = 0.48) and the number of inhabited houses (r = -0.60). The incidence of P. vivax malaria was associated only with landscape division (r = 0.49). CONCLUSIONS: The proposed methodology provides a simple and general framework for objective characterisation of the landscape to account for field observations. The use of this method enabled us to identify different optimal observation horizons around houses, depending on the Plasmodium species considered, and to demonstrate significant correlations between environmental features and the incidence of malaria.
ISSN: 1476-072X

inserm-00674075
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00674075
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00674075/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00674075/file/1476-072X-10-65.pdf
DOI : 10.1186/1476-072X-10-65

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
STUDY QUESTION: Is there evidence at the population level of associations between different male genital disorders, outside Scandinavian countries? SUMMARY ANSWER: At an international scale, there is evidence for a number of correlations between rates of four male reproductive disorders (hypospadias, cryptorchidism, testicular cancer and low sperm concentration). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Some associations between these outcomes have been shown in studies focusing on individuals and mainly in Nordic European countries. These associations, together with histological evidence of a dysgenesis pattern in testicular tissue specimens, have generated the concept of the existence of a 'testicular dysgenesis syndrome' originating in utero. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: This is a geographical correlation study using cancer, malformations rates and sperm quality data collected between the years 1998 and 2005. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Incidence rates of testicular cancer were extracted from International Agency for Research on Cancer registries and Globocan, while cryptorchidism and hypospadias prevalence rates were obtained from EUROCAT and International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research registries. Sperm concentration data were extracted from recent studies using standardized methodology. A total of 39 registries and 9 sperm studies were selected. Non-parametric Spearman correlation tests were used to test the association between these four disorders. Correlations were computed for all registries together, for registries with high-quality matching coverage only and by continents. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted using data from prospective clinical studies to take into account potential bias related mainly to ascertainment of malformation rates. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: We found positive correlations between testicular cancer and hypospadias (r = 0.32, P = 0.05) and between hypospadias and cryptorchidism (r = 0.70, P = 0.008). Stronger correlations were observed when using registries with high-quality matching coverage. Among these registries, differences between Europe and the rest of the world appeared (the positive correlation between testicular cancer and cryptorchidism was stronger outside Europe, r = 0.83, P = 0.01 compared with 0.40, P = 0.60 for European registries). A negative correlation between testicular cancer and sperm concentration was observed (r = -0.88, P = 0.002). These correlations support our initial hypothesis but remain only suggestive due to the intrinsic limitations in the study design (i.e. geographical correlation study) and do not allow causal inference. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: Differences in the ascertainment of malformations rates (definition, length of follow-up) make the international comparison difficult. The small number of registries for some conditions (cryptorchidism) or of studies (for sperm quality) and the absence of information about major risk factors such as ethnicity and socioeconomic status in the registries are also limitations. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: Our findings are in agreement with results of studies focusing on individuals and suggest that shared risk factors are present in the populations studied.
ISSN: 0268-1161

inserm-00863412
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00863412
DOI : 10.1093/humrep/det111
PUBMED : 23670171

Éditeur(s) : Public Library Science
Résumé : The diversity of deep-water corals in the Caribbean Sea was studied using records from oceanographic expeditions performed by the R/V Pillsbury. Sampled stations were sorted according to broad depth ranges and ecoregions and were analyzed in terms of species accumulation curves, variance in the species composition and contributions to alpha, beta and gamma diversity. According to the analysis of species accumulation curves using the Chao2 estimator, more diversity occurs on the continental slope (200–2000 m depth) than on the upper continental shelf (60–200 m depth). In addition to the effect of depth sampling, differences in species composition related to depth ranges were detected. However, the differences between ecoregions are dependent on depth ranges, there were fewer differences among ecoregions on the continental slope than on the upper continental shelf. Indicator species for distinctness of ecoregions were, in general, Alcyonaria and Antipatharia for the upper continental shelf, but also the scleractinians Madracis myriabilis and Cladocora debilis. In the continental slope, the alcyonarian Placogorgia and the scleractinians Stephanocyathus and Fungiacyathus were important for the distinction of ecoregions. Beta diversity was the most important component of gamma diversity in the Caribbean Basin. The contribution of ecoregions to alpha, beta and gamma diversity differed with depth range. On the upper continental shelf, the Southern Caribbean ecoregion contributed substantially to all components of diversity. In contrast, the northern ecoregions contributed substantially to the diversity of the Continental Slope. Strategies for the conservation of deep-water coral diversity in the Caribbean Basin must consider the variation between ecoregions and depth ranges.
Plos One (1932-6203) (Public Library Science), 2014-03 , Vol. 9 , N. 3 , P. -

Droits : 2014 Ivan Hernandez-Avila. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: Research visit to RSMAS was partially supported by Comisio´n de Investigacio´ n, Universidad de Oriente. No additional
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00187/29868/28326.pdf
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0092834
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00187/29868/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
Radial trends of vibrational properties, including the specific dynamic modulus (E'/r) and damping coefficient (tand), were investigated for 3 tropical rainforest hardwood species, Simarouba amara, Carapa procera and Symphonia globulifera by free-free flexural vibration test. The microfibril angle (MFA) was estimated through X-Ray diffraction. Consistent patterns of radial variations were observed for all studied properties. E'/r was found to decrease from pith to bark, which is strongly related to the increasing pith-bark trend of MFA. The variation of tand along the radius can be partly explained by MFA, and partly by the gradient of extractives due to heartwood formation. The coupling effect of MFA and extractives could be separated through the analysis of log(tand) - log(E'/r) diagram. For the studied species, the extractive content putatively associated to heartwood formation generally tends to decrease the wood damping coefficient. However, this weakening effect of extractives was not observed for inner part of the heartwood, suggesting the mechanical action of extractives was reduced during their chemical ageing.
ISSN: 1435-0211

hal-00797055
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00797055
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00797055/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00797055/file/Radial_variations_vibrational_Zhang_al.pdf

Éditeur(s) : ISTPM
Résumé : The Atlantic and Mediterranean members of the scorpaenidae family have always triggered numerous discussions about their reciprocious congenialities. Back in the (recent) days when the number of species known on the French coasts was still fairly low, the belonging of one species to such or such genus, as Helicolenus (Sebastes) dactylopterus DELAROCHE or Scorpaena maderensis Cuvier and Valenciennes, has been the subject of numerous articles of which the authors' conclusions might differ from one another, and even today light is still far from being shed on those topics. The difficulties met in the determination of scorpaenidae: similar general appearance, subtle differences, impossibility of comparing the samples with the types, incomplete or misinterpreted descriptions, have lead scientists to make hasty determinations resulting in: an even more complicated synonymy and incorrect data about the biogeography of the species. Thereby, the rockfish named Scorpaena rubellio by JORDAN and GUNN (I) is considered as a synonymous of S. maderensis Cuvier Valenciennes by J. R. NORMAN (2), and of S. porcus Linné by H. W. FOWLER (3). Likewise, the dispersion area of S. scrofa in Guinea, Niger and Sainte-Hélène, is caused by its confusion with other species such as S. stephanica, S. angolensis and S. scrofina. (unverified OCR)
Les représentants de la famille des Scorpénidés dans l'Atlantique et la Méditerranée ont toujours donné lieu à de nombreuses discussions au sujet de leurs affinités réciproques. A l'époque encore récente où le nombre des espèces connues des côtes de France était encore très réduit, la place dans tel ou tel genre d'espèces telles que Helicolenus (Sebastes) dactylopterus DELAROCHE ou Scorpaena maderensis Cuvier et Valenciennes, par exemple, ont provoqué des séries d'articles où les conclusions des auteurs successifs n'étaient pas toujours concordantes, et aujourd'hui encore la lumière est loin d'être faite sur bien des points. Les difficultés que l'on rencontre dans la détermination des Scorpénidés : grande ressemblance générale, différences parfois difficiles à saisir, impossibilité de comparer les échantillons d'étude aux types, obligation de se contenter de descriptions incomplètes .ou mal interprétées, ont trop souvent entraîné les chercheurs à des déterminations trop hâtives ayant comme résultats : de compliquer la synonymie et de fausser plus ou moins complètement les données acquises sur la biogéographie d'une espèce. C'est ainsi que la Scorpène appelée Scorpaena rubellio par JORDAN et GUNN (Il est considérée comme synonyme de S. maderensis Cuvier Valenciennes par J. R. NORMAN (2), et de S. porcus Linné par H. W. FOWLER (3). De même l'extension de l'aire de dispersion de S. scrofa en Guinée, au Niger et à Sainte-Hélène, est due à des confusions avec des espèces différentes telles que S. stephanica, S. angolensis et S. scrofina. (OCR non contrôlé)
Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Pêches Maritimes (0035-2276) (ISTPM), 1943 , Vol. 13 , N. 1-4

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1943/publication-3420.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/3420/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Scientific Research Publishing
Résumé : International audience
In order to study social inequalities, indices can be used to summarize the multiple dimensions of the socioeconomic status. As a part of the Equit'Area Project, a public health program focused on social and environmental health inequalities; a statistical procedure to create (neighborhood) socioeconomic indices was developed. This procedure uses successive principal components analyses to select variables and create the index. In order to simplify the application of the procedure for non-specialists, the R package SesIndexCreatoR was created. It allows the creation of the index with all the possible options of the procedure, the classification of the resulting index in categories using several classical methods, the visualization of the results, and the generation of automatic reports.
ISSN: 2161-718X

hal-01161775
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01161775
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01161775/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01161775/file/OJS_2015060814030742.pdf
DOI : 10.4236/ojs.2015.54031

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Poster
The Lesser Caucasus in Armenia is an active volcanic and tectonic zone which resulted from the collision of the Arabian and the Eurasian plates since Neogene times. The During Quaternary, Lesser Caucasus was uplifted (0.3 mm/yr; Mitchell and Westaway, 1999) and experienced extensional tectonics times. Large lakes developed in graben structures. The diatomitic sequences of the Shamb paleo-lake (South Armenia) offer a rare opportunity to give new insights of Western Asia paleo-climate. Based on macroflora analysis, Bruch and Gabrielyan (2002) proposed a cooling and drying general climate trend through Pleistocene times in relation with a general uplift of the chain. Several questions have to be answer for this poorly investigated region. Did the climate record humid glacials and arid interglacials as suggested northward in Kazakhstan? What are the vegetation and climate responses to orbital parameters and to the monsoon? Moreover the lesser Caucasus is known as the entrance way used by the first hominids in Eurasia during Pleistocene time. How was the environment at this time? We present an integrated palynological, 40Ar/39Ar isotopic and magnetostratigraphic study for the most complete section (Joannin et al., in press). 40Ar/39Ar dating of two volcaniclastic layers provided ages of 1.24 ± 0.03 and 1.16 ± 0.02 Ma (2. Magnetostratigraphic data show that the entire Shamb section is of reversed polarity which correlates with part of the Matuyama period (1.785-1.070 Ma). Pollen assemblages and macroremains diversity revealed an alternation of glacial and interglacial phases that are compared with climate changes inferred from the global isotopic curve. The Shamb section ranges from approximately 1.300 to 1.080 Ma in age (marine isotopic stages 40 to 31). The vegetation of the Lesser Caucasus developed in a mosaic pattern in a Pleistocene continental, mostly arid climate, similar to the present-day climate. The vegetation changes record a dominant climate response to the obliquity orbital parameter. The influence of precession could not be established from the Shamb data. Pollen and macroflora both indicate that glacial periods were cold and dry and that interglacials were warm with local humidity. The early Pleistocene climatic model for Western Asia is thus similar to the climatic model for the Mediterranean area. Bruch, A., Gabrielyan, I.G., 2002. Quantitative data of the Neogene climatic development in Armenia and Nakhichevan. Acta Universitatis Carolinae – Geologica 46, 41–48. Joannin, S., Cornée, J.J., Münch, P., Fornari, M., Vasiliev, J., Krijgsman, W., Nahapetyan, S., Gabrielyan, Y., Ollivier, V., Roiron, P., Chataîgnier, C. In press. Early Pleistocene climatic cycles in continental deposits of the Lesser Caucasus of Armenia inferred from palynology, magnetostratigraphy, and 40Ar/39Ar dating. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Mitchell, J., Westaway, R., 1999. Chronology of Neogene and Quaternary uplift and magmatism in the Caucasus: constraints from K-Ar dating of volcanism in Armenia. Tectonophysics 304, 157–186.
EGU Eurasian Climate and Tectonics
Vienne, Austria

hal-00481799
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00481799

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
We study if the multilevel algorithm introduced by Debussche, T. Dubois and R. Temam [Theoret. Comput. Fluid Dynam. 7 (1995), no. 4, 279-315; Zbl 838.76060] and Dubois, F. Jauberteau and Temam [J. Sci. Comput. 8 (1993), no. 2, 167-194; MR1242960 (94f:65098)] for the 2D Navier-Stokes equations with periodic boundary conditions and spectral discretization can be generalized to more general boundary conditions and to finite elements. We first show that a direct generalization, as in [C. Calgaro, J. Laminie and R. Temam, Appl. Numer. Math. 23 (1997), no. 4, 403-442; MR1453424 (98d:76124)], for the Burgers equation, would not be very efficient. We then propose a new approach where the domain of integration is decomposed into subdomains. This enables us to define localized small-scale components and we show that, in this context, there is a good separation of scales. We conclude that all the ingredients necessary for the implementation of the multilevel algorithm are present.
ISSN: 0271-2091

hal-00730709
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00730709

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Sci Ltd
Résumé : A multi-scale global hindcast of ocean waves is presented that covers the years 1994-2012, based on recently published parameterizations for wind sea and swell dissipation [Ardhuin, F., Rogers, E., Babanin, A., Filipot, J.-F., Magne, R., Roland, A., van der Westhuysen, A., Queffeulou, P., Lefevre, J.-M., Aouf, L., Collard, F., 2010. Semi-empirical dissipation source functions for wind-wave models: Part I. Definition, calibration and validation. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 40 (9), 1917-1941]. Results from this hindcast include traditional wave parameters, like the significant wave height and mean periods, and we particularly consider the accuracy of the results for phenomenal sea states, with significant heights above 14 m. Using unbiased winds, there is no evidence of a bias in wave heights even for this very high range. Various spectral moments were also validated, including the surface Stokes drift and mean square slopes that are relevant for wave-current interactions modelling and remote sensing, and also spectra of seismic noise sources. The estimation of these parameters is made more accurate by the new wave growth and dissipation parameterizations. Associated air-sea fluxes of momentum and energy are significantly different from what is obtained with the WAM-Cycle 4 parameterization, with a roughness that is practically a function of wind speed only. That particular output of the model does not appear very realistic and will require future adjustments of the generation and dissipation parameterizations.
Ocean Modelling (1463-5003) (Elsevier Sci Ltd), 2013-10 , Vol. 70 , P. 174-188

Droits : 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00155/26582/25477.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.ocemod.2012.12.001
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00155/26582/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Nous publions ici le texte d'une communication faite par Jean-Pierre Sainton, historien, le 16 janvier 1993, dans le cadre d'un séminaire organisé par l'UGTG (Union Générale des Travailleurs de la Guadeloupe) sur le thème « Histoire du mouvement ouvrier et du syndicalisme en Guadeloupe ». Le mouvement syndical en Guadeloupe n'apparaît qu'à la fin du 19ème siècle dans le cadre d'une société libérée des rapports sociaux esclavagistes qui avaient caractérisé la formation sociale guadeloupéenne deux siècles durant. Pourtant ce mouvement syndical va très rapidement, en l'espace d'une dizaine d'années, couvrir le pays noir, ouvrier et prolétarien, (pour reprendre l'expression de Légitimus) d'organisations collectives du monde du travail, un développement somme toute en phase avec le mouvement mondial de structuration d'organisations ouvrières, qui en Europe, en Amérique et dans le reste du monde verront l'éclosion du syndicalisme ouvrier. De ce point de vue le mouvement syndical de Guadeloupe était loin d'être en retard. Il sera même pour une colonie essentiellement agricole, particulièrement précoce et dynamique si l'on le compare à nombre de pays apparemment plus évolués, où les rapports capitalistes et les luttes ouvrières s'inscrivaient depuis un certain temps déjà dans la réalité sociale. Là, n'est pas le seul caractère original du mouvement syndical de la Guadeloupe. Cette précocité et ce dynamisme s'expliquent pour une grande part par la forte volonté associative des descendants d'esclaves, à une génération près, qui dans le cadre de la société post-esclavagiste chercheront et trouveront des formes spécifiques d'organisation pour, à la fois, mieux résister à la misère et par-achever le mouvement d'émancipation entamé en 1848 par l'abolition de l'esclavage. 141 Aux sources du mouvement syndical Trois facteurs nous semblent conditionner et expliquer [apparition et les caractères propres du mouvement syndical en Guadeloupe ; C ' est d ' une part l'impératif besoin d ' organisation de la niasse (les travailleurs, plus exactement des « petits » dans le cadre d'une société achevant sa mutation économique et sociale. C'est aussi la vivacité et la persistance des traditions des confréries nègres, héritées de la période esclavagiste comme source d'inspiration culturelle et seule expérience concrète de formes tolérées de regroupement collectif. C'est enfin, de façon plus précise, la loi de 1884 rendant possible et légale l'apparition des syndicats et l'influence concomitante du mouvement associatif venu d'Europe. Considérons de façon plus détaillée, ces trois facteurs. Les années 1860 vont marquer le tournant technologique de l'économie sucrière ; l'échec des tentatives de modernisation de l'habitation-sucrerie a favorisé l'accélération du mouvement de centralisation de la production sucrière et la constitution d'usines centrales. Ce mouvement de concentration est favorisé par la baisse des prix du sucre à partir de 1873, conséquence de la surproduction sur le marché en Europe et sur le marché français. Malgré l'ouverture du marché américain aux sucres bruts guadeloupéens qui prolonge de quelques années la survie du système de l'habitation, ce système traditionnel asphyxié financièrement, incapable de se moderniser et d'être concurrentiel en maintenant ses cadres traditionnels, ne survit pas à la grande crise sucrière de surproduction qui commence en 1884. Dès 1895, on note que le sucre brut d'habitation n'est plus côté sur la place de Pointe à Pitre. Le sucre brut d'habitation traditionnelle ne sera plus guère produit qu'à Marie-Galante. En Guadeloupe et en Grande-Terre, les dernières habitations-sucreries qui avaient résisté au premier mouvement de concentration foncière de la période post-esclavagiste finissent par être absorbées à leur tour ou se transforment en distilleries. La mort de l'habitation-sucrerie, coeur, symbole et raison d'être du système signifiait par là-même, dès cette époque, la mort du système colonial d'exploitation tel qu'il avait fonctionné deux siècles durant. Dès cette époque également, on peut noter que le colonialisme français, occupé à la conquête coloniale et à la mise en valeur de vastes espaces qu'il s'octroie en Afrique en Asie, ne semble plus être en mesure de proposer une politique coloniale de substitution suivie et cohérente pour une colonie par ailleurs largement intégrée à son propre système politique. Le nouveau paysage économique de la fin du 19"' e siècle se st r ucture donc en quatre espaces différenciés ; 142 L
Etudes guadeloupéennes

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
hal-01613970
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01613970
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01613970/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01613970/file/Aux%20origines%20du%20mouvement%20syndical%20guadeloup%C3%A9en%20%281889-1912%29.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Let C be a smooth curve over a Galois ring R. Let f be a function over C, and Ψ be an additive character of order p^l over R; in this paper we study the exponential sums associated to f and Ψ over C, and their L-functions. We show the rationality of the L-functions in a more general setting, then in the case of curves we express them as products of L-functions associated to polynomials over the affine line, each factor coming from a singularity of f. Finally we show that in the case of Morse functions (i.e. having only simple singularities), the degree of the L-functions are, up to sign, the same as in the case of finite fields, yielding very similar bounds for exponential sums.
ISSN: 1071-5797

hal-00551470
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00551470
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00551470/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00551470/file/Charlefinal.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.ffa.2009.01.001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : Analyses of tree diversity and community composition in tropical rain forests are usually based either on general herbarium data or on a restricted number of botanical plots. Despite their high taxonomic accuracy, both types of data are difficult to extrapolate to landscape scales. Meanwhile, forestry surveys provide quantitative occurrence data on large areas, and are thus increasingly used for landscape-scale analyses of tree diversity. However, the reliability of these approaches has been challenged because of the ambiguity of the common (vernacular) names used by foresters and the complexity of tree taxonomy in those hyper-diverse communities.We developed and tested a novel approach to evaluate taxonomic reliability of forestry surveys and to propagate the resulting uncertainty in the estimates of several diversity indicators (alpha and beta entropy, Fisher-alpha and Sørensen similarity). Our approach is based on Monte-Carlo processes that simulate communities by taking into account the expected accuracy and reliability of common names. We tested this method in French Guiana, on 9 one-hectare plots (4279 trees – DBH ⩾ 10 cm) for which both common names and standardized taxonomic determinations were available. We then applied our method of community simulation on large forestry inventories (560 ha) at the landscape scale and compared the diversity indices obtained for 10 sites with those computed from precise botanical determination situated at the same localities.We found that taxonomic reliability of forestry inventories varied from 22% (species level) to 83% (family level) in this Amazonian region. Indices computed directly with raw forestry data resulted in incorrect values, except for Gini–Simpson beta-diversity. On the contrary, our correction method provides more accurate diversity estimates, highly correlated with botanical measurements, for almost all diversity indices at both regional and local scales. We obtained a robust ranking of sites consistent with those shown by botanical inventories.These results show that (i) forestry inventories represent a significant part of taxonomic information, (ii) the relative diversity of regional sites can be successfully ranked using forestry inventory data using our method and (iii) forestry inventories can valuably contribute to the detection of large-scale diversity patterns when biases are well-controlled and corrected.The tools we developed as R-functions are available in supplementary material and can be adapted with local parameters to be used for forest management and conservation issues in other regional contexts
ISSN: 0378-1127

hal-01204219
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01204219
DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.05.045
PRODINRA : 286554

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
DNA sequencing technology is becoming more accessible to a variety of researchers as costs continue to decline. As researchers begin to sequence novel transcriptomes, most of these data sets lack a reference genome and will have to rely on de novo assemblers. Making comparisons across assemblies can be difficult: each program has its strengths and weaknesses, and no tool exists to comparatively evaluate these data sets. We developed software in R, called Sequence Comparative Analysis using Networks (SCAN), to perform statistical comparisons between distinct assemblies. SCAN uses a reference data set to identify the most accurate de novo assembly and the ``good'' transcripts in the user's data. We tested SCAN on three publicly available transcriptomes, each assembled using three assembly programs. Moreover, we sequenced the transcriptome of the oomycete Achlya hypogyna and compared de novo assemblies from Velvet, ABySS, and the CLC Genomics Workbench assembly algorithms. One thousand one hundred twenty-eight of the CLC transcripts were statistically similar to the reference, compared with 49 of the Velvet transcripts and 937 of the ABySS transcripts. SCAN's strength is providing statistical support for transcript assemblies in a biological context. However, SCAN is designed to compare distinct node sets in networks, therefore it can also easily be extended to perform statistical comparisons on any network graph regardless of what the nodes represent.
ISSN: 0737-4038

hal-01544800
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01544800
DOI : 10.1093/molbev/mst087

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Measuring biodiversity requires empirical techniques to effectively estimate it from real data. The well-known underestimation of the number of species applies to low orders of diversity in general. I test nine estimators including three new ones on geometric and lognormal distributions that represent realistic, hyper-diverse communities. The best two estimators allow a good estimation of diversity of orders over 0.5, even when the sampling effort is low. I provide criteria to choose the estimator and the necessary code in the R package entropart.
https://hal-agroparistech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01212435

hal-01212435
https://hal-agroparistech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01212435
https://hal-agroparistech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01212435v2/document
https://hal-agroparistech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01212435/file/Estimation.pdf