Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Society for Investigative Pathology
Résumé : International audience
Based on both experimental and clinical data, tamoxifen has been proposed to have cardiovascular benefits, although the mechanism(s) contributing to that protective effect are still poorly understood. In vitro experiments demonstrated that tamoxifen elicits its transcriptional effect through estrogen receptor (ER) α, but other targets can participate in its actions. However, although tamoxifen selectively activates the activating function (AF)-1 of ERα, we recently showed that this ERα subfunction is dispensable for the atheroprotective action of 17β-estradiol (E2), the main ligand of ERs. The goal of the present work is to determine to which extent ERα and its AF-1 mediate the vasculoprotective action of tamoxifen. Our data confirm that tamoxifen exerts an atheroprotective action on low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-r(-/-)) female mice, but, in contrast to E2, it fails to accelerate reendothelialization after carotid electric injury. Tamoxifen and E2 elicit differences in gene expression profiles in the mouse aorta. Finally, the atheroprotective action of tamoxifen is abrogated in ERα(-/-)LDL-r(-/-) mice and in LDL-r(-/-) mice selectively deficient in ERαAF-1 (ERαAF-1(0/0)LDL-r(-/-)). Our results demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, that tamoxifen mediates its actions in vivo through the selective activation of ERαAF-1, which is sufficient to prevent atheroma, but not to accelerate endothelial healing.
ISSN: 0002-9440

hal-00874317
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00874317
DOI : 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.03.010
PUBMED : 23669343

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
A decreased global autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity and increased sympathetic activation in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) seem to worsen the clinical severity and could play a role in the pathophysiology of the disease, notably by triggering vaso-occlusive crises. Because exercise challenges the ANS activity in the general population, we sought to determine whether a short (,15 min) and progressive moderate exercise session conducted until the first ventilatory threshold had an effect on the ANS activity of a group of SCA patients and a group of healthy individuals (CONT group). Temporal and spectral analyses of the nocturnal heart rate variability were performed before and on the 3 nights following the exercise session. Standard deviation of all normal RR intervals (SDNN), total power, low frequencies (LF) and high frequencies powers (HF) were lower but LF/HF was higher in SCA patients than in the CONT group. Moderate exercise did not modify ANS activity in both groups. In addition, no adverse clinical events occurred during the entire protocol. These results imply that this kind of short and moderate exercise is not detrimental for SCA patients.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-01136725
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01136725
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01136725/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01136725/file/Hedreville%20et%20al.%20-%202014%20-%20Acute%20moderate%20exercise%20does%20not%20further%20alter%20the%20autonomic%20nervous%20system%20activity%20in%20patients%20with%20sick%282%29.pdf
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0095563

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Les vacances peuvent-elles durer, voire s’éterniser ? L’utopie est l’une des voies qui permet de penser cette option, d’opérer ce pas de côté, à contre-courant de l’ordre ambiant et dominant. De Segalen à Cendrars, l’épreuve du voyage et de l’exotisme sans voyeurisme porte en elle les preuves du trip ou de l’acte de bourlinguer. Autonomie et nomadisme sont les termes appropriés qui ouvrent et parfois forcent les portes du consensus, de l’immobilisme et de la peur généralisée. Ces deux termes — à l’origine de celui j’ai nommé « autonomadie » (terme assez intraduisible) — renvoient à l’indépendance d’esprit, à la liberté d’expression et à la libre circulation des idées, des personnes, bien avant celle des marchandises. Si la planète constitue le socle de tout voyage, la culture en est son moteur. Cet article s’attelle à baliser de nouvelles pistes de voyages, hors des sentiers battus, nourris par l’imaginaire des ailleurs, et forcément alternatifs. Il s’agit toujours, hier comme aujourd’hui, de s’élever pour mieux se lever, et donc de ne pas tomber et crever. Surtout en si bon chemin d’une belle vie prometteuse qui mène à soi comme vers les autres. L’humanité n’est rien sans la liberté de mouvement. Elle n’est rien sans le mouvement et la liberté. Les humains ne sont pas des automates soumis, mais des nomades autonomes. Et des voyageurs actifs plutôt que des touristes passifs. C’est ce que cette contribution entend non pas affirmer, mais explorer.
Can holidays last or even go on forever? Utopia is one of the ways to think this option, to operate this step aside, against the current of the surrounding and dominant order. From Segalen to Cendrars, the test of travel and exoticism without voyeurism carries in it the proofs of the trip or the act of slinging. Autonomy and nomadism are the appropriate terms that open and sometimes force the doors of consensus, immobilism and generalized fear. These two terms - at the origin of which I named “autonomadie” (in French, quite untranslatable) - refer to independence of mind, freedom of expression and the free flow of ideas, people, long before that of goods. If the planet is the foundation of all travel, culture is its driving force. This article tries to mark new paths of travel, off the beaten track, nourished by the imagination of elsewhere, and necessarily alternative. Yesterday as today, it is always a matter of rising to better stand up, and therefore not to fall and die. Especially in this good way of a beautiful promising life that leads to oneself as to the others. Humanity is nothing without freedom of movement. It is nothing without movement and freedom. Humans are not automated subjects but autonomous nomads. And active travelers rather than passive tourists. This is what this contribution intends not to affirm but to explore.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.11151
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/11151

Éditeur(s) : Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd
Résumé : Sites of monomethylmercury (MMHg) production in Amazonian regions have been identified in hydraulic reservoirs, lake sediments and wetlands, but tailings ponds have not yet received sufficient attention for this purpose. This work evidenced high MMHg production within the water column and the interstitial water of two tailings ponds of French Guiana Au mines located; (i) in a small scale exploitation (Combat) where Hg was used for Au amalgamation, and (ii) in an industrial on-going Au mine (Yaoni) processing without Hg. The (MMHg)(D) maximum (2.5 ng L-1) occurred in the oxic water column above the sediment-water interface (SWI) of the most recent tailings pond (Combat), where the substrate was fresh, the redox transition was sharp and the pool of total Hg was large. In the Yaoni pond, the (MMHg)(D) maximum concentration (1.4 ng L-1) was located at the SWI where suboxic conditions prevailed. Using the (MMHg)(D) concentration as a proxy for Hg methylation rates, the present results show that Hg methylation may occur in various redox conditions in tailings ponds, and are favored in areas where the organic matter regeneration is more active. A 3-month long laboratory experiment was performed in oxic and anoxic boxes filled with high turbidity waters from the Combat Au mine to simulate tailings ponds. Slaked lime was added in an experimental set (2 mg L-1)and appeared to be very efficient for the reduction of suspended particulate matter (SPM) to environmentally acceptable concentrations. However, at the end of the experiment, large (MMHg)(D) concentrations were monitored under treated anoxic conditions with the (MMHg)(D) maximum located at the SWI above the Fe-reducing zones. No (MMHg)(D) was detected in oxic experiments. The use of slaked lime for SPM decantation appears to be an efficient and non-onerous process for Au miners to avoid Hg methylation in tailings ponds when it is combined with rapid drainage of the mine waters. A subsequent human intervention is however necessary for the recovery of soil structure through the cover of dried ponds with organic rich materials and reforestation to avoid the stagnation of rain waters and the occurrence of anoxia. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Applied Geochemistry (0883-2927) (Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd), 2011-02 , Vol. 26 , N. 2 , P. 222-229

Droits : 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00030/14117/12133.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.11.022
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00030/14117/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Big storm events represent a major risk for populations and infrastructures settled on coastal lowlands. In the Western Mediterranean, where human societies colonized and occupied the coastal areas since the Ancient times, the variability of storm activity for the past three millennia was investigated with a multi-proxy sedimentological and geochemical study from a lagoonal sequence. Mappings of the geochemistry and magnetic susceptibility of detrital sources in the watershed of the lagoon and from the coastal barriers were undertaken in order to track the terrestrial or coastal/marine origin of sediments deposited into the lagoon. The multi-proxy analysis shows that coarser material, low magnetic susceptibility, and high strontium content characterize the sedimentological signature of the paleostorm levels identified in the lagoonal sequence. A comparison with North Atlantic and Western Mediterranean paleoclimate proxies shows that the phases of high storm activity occurred during cold periods, suggesting a climatically-controlled mechanism for the occurrence of these storm periods. Besides, an in-phase storm activity pattern is found between the Western Mediterranean and Northern Europe. Spectral analyses performed on the Sr content revealed a new 270-year solar-driven pattern of storm cyclicity. For the last 3000 years, this 270-year cycle defines a succession of ten major storm periods (SP) with a mean duration of 96 ± 54 yr. Periods of higher storm activity are recorded from >680 to 560 cal yr BC (SP10, end of the Iron Age Cold Period), from 140 to 820 cal yr AD (SP7 to SP5) with a climax of storminess between 400 and 800 cal yr AD (Dark Ages Cold Period), and from 1230 to >1800 cal yr AD (SP3 to SP1, Little Ice Age). Periods of low storm activity occurred from 560 cal yr BC to 140 cal yr AD (SP9 and SP8, Roman Warm Period) and from 820 to 1230 cal yr AD (SP4, Medieval Warm Period).
ISSN: 0277-3791

hal-01277796
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01277796
DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.10.009

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag (Germany) Springer Verlag
Résumé : The present study aims to review palaeoecological evidence for environmental changes induced by human activities over the last few millennia in the montane landscapes of Morocco. The study is based on well-dated pollen and geochemical records from the Rif and the Middle Atlas mountains, to show spatial and temporal variation in the onset and intensity of exploitation of forest, soil and mineral resources. Before ca. 2000 BP, anthropogenic impact was minimal. At about that time, abrupt changes of the arboreal pollen proportions, with a decline in all tree taxa, indicate a reduction of the forest cover interpreted as being anthropogenic. In the Rif Mountains, increased influx of carbonates (Ca) in the sedimentary records indicates enhanced soil erosion coincident with the reduction in tree cover. In the Middle Atlas, reduced forest cover is linked to geochemical evidence for mining and metallurgy of lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). These industrial activities correspond to the expansion of the Roman Empire into Morocco at around AD 40 and show a decline when the Romans were displaced by the Vandals about five centuries later.
ISSN: 0263-0338

hal-01217206
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01217206
DOI : 10.1007/s10437-015-9186-7

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD De Boeck Supérieur
Résumé : International audience
La « spécificité » de l’Outre-mer est sans doute l’une des convictions les mieux partagées par les différents acteurs impliqués dans l’action publique à destination des régions concernées, à tel point que, invoquée sur les sujets les plus divers, elle est devenue l’approche essentielle par laquelle ils s’en saisissent. Pourtant, la catégorie « outre-mer », loin de constituer une réalité objective, est le résultat d’une construction historique et sociale issue de mobilisations plurielles. Dans cet article, notre objectif est tout d’abord de montrer la construction institutionnelle de cette catégorie d’action publique en lien avec un espace social élitaire que nous désignons comme « l’État outre-mer » et qui a vu tant son autonomie que sa capacité à porter les intérêts des régions d’Outre-mer se renforcer au fil des années. Il s’agit en outre de montrer qu’au-delà de l’accord général sur la spécificité et l’exceptionnalité des outre-mer, les contours et le contenu de l’action publique les concernant restent l’objet de luttes de définition et de classement.
ISSN: 0295-2319

halshs-01491616
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01491616
DOI : 10.3917/pox.116.0139

Éditeur(s) : Université de Bretagne Occidentale
Résumé : This activity report entitled (“Chemical contamination of the marine environment: from measurement to risk assessment”) summarizes the main stages my career at Ifremer from November 1975 to june 2013. The first chapter deals with the seawater chlorination and chlorinated waters released into the sea, the identification and the conditions of the formation of various by-product of these processes. The second chapter concerns PCBs, their nature, their chemical analysis in environmental matrices. PCBs are considered as the best examples of persistant and bioaccumulable compounds and therefore, in all this report they are flagship contaminants to which other groups of studied substances are compared. The third chapter refers to studies performed within marine pollution monitoring programme RNO (Réseau National d’Observation de la qualité de l’environnement marin - National observation network on the quality of the marine environnment) and well as other more limited studies like a first assessement on the presence of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in the French coastal marine environment and last, on the use of zebra mussel (Dresseinia polymorpha) as sentinelle species of the chemical contamination in the Seine estuary. The next two chapters are about bioaccumulation and about the distribution of organic contaminants (PCBs, dioxins, PAHs, PBDEs) in marine organisms and in marine foodwebs. These studies aim at a better knowledge of the presence and fate of these compounds in fish and marine organisms eitheir in an environmental perspective (chapter IV) or in order to contribute to the assessment of their health impact, or more precisely to estimate therelative part of fish and seafood to the human exposure to chemical residues (chapter V). To conclude, the chapter VI concerns the PCB and dioxin fingerprints in the various studied marine matrices ; analytical and environmental interpretations of the observed differences are suggested as well as possible applications.
Ce bilan d’activité intitulé « Contamination chimique du milieu marin : de la mesure à l’évaluation des risques » retrace les étapes essentielles de mon parcours à Ifremer entre novembre 1975 et juin 2013. Le premier chapitre traite de la chloration dans l’eau de mer et les rejets chlorés en mer, l’identification des sous-produits formés lors de ces traitements, les conditions de leur formation. Le second chapitre concerne la nature des PCB et leur analyse dans les matrices environnementales. Les PCB considérés comme les meilleurs exemples de composés persistants bioaccumulables constituent les « contaminants phares » de l’ensemble de ce travail et c’est par rapport aux PCB que sont comparés et évalués les autres groupes de contaminants étudiés. Le troisième chapitre se rapporte aux travaux réalisés dans le cadre de la surveillance RNO (Réseau National d’Observation de la qualité de l’environnement marin) ainsi que dans des études ponctuelles comme un premier inventaire sur les niveaux de présence des dioxines (PCDD et PCDF) dans l’environnement marin littoral ou sur l’utilisation de la moule zébrée (Dresseinia polymorpha) comme espèce indicatrice de la contamination de l’estuaire de la Seine. Les deux chapitres suivants sont consacrés aux travaux sur la bioaccumulation et aux contaminants organiques (PCB, dioxines, HAP, PBDE) dans les organismes et les réseaux trophiques marins soit dans une perspective environnementale sur le devenir des contaminants dans le vivant (chapitre IV) soit dans le cadre de l’évaluation des risques sanitaires ou, plus précisément, de l’estimation de la contribution de la consommation des produits de la mer à l’exposition de l’homme aux résidus chimiques (chapitre V). Pour terminer, le chapitre VI concerne les empreintes de PCB et de dioxines dans les différentes matrices étudiées ; une interprétation analytique et environnementale des différences observées est proposée ainsi que de possibles applications.

Droits : 2013 UBO
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00168/27946/26237.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00168/27946/

Éditeur(s) : Inter-Research
Résumé : We studied the foraging rhythms of green sea turtles Chelonia mydas on the seagrass beds of N'Gouja Bay, Mayotte Island (Comoros Archipelago) with acoustic transmitters and moored listening stations. We monitored 8 tagged turtles (4 probable males, 3 probable females and 1 immature), from 70 to 109 cm curved carapace length (CCL), for durations ranging from 5 to 92 d. The turtles exhibited a regular diel pattern: they foraged mainly during the day (on average 87% of seagrass detections were between 06:00 and 18:00 h) and rested on the inner reef slope during the night. Night time feeding activities were observed on the seagrass bed when the night light was high. The presence of turtles on the seagrass bed at night was significantly correlated with a night light index (r = 0.54, p = 0.002), which included both moon light and cloudiness indices. Behaviour of the only immature individual observed was similar to adult turtles, although it rested more frequently around noon. All turtles displayed a high fidelity to 1 foraging site within the seagrass bed. Acoustic transmitters and permanent listening stations are an appropriate technique for long-term behavioural studies of turtles, with no human interaction with turtles during tracking, and represent a suitable technique to assess the possible effects of environmental changes or human activities upon green turtle behaviour.
Marine Ecology Progress Series (0171-8630) (Inter-Research), 2006 , Vol. 306 , P. 295-302

Droits : Inter-Research 2006
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-3616.pdf
DOI:10.3354/meps306295
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/3616/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Cumulative human impacts have led to the degradation of marine ecosystems and thedecline of biodiversity in the European and contiguous seas. Effective conservationmeasures are urgently needed to reverse these trends. Conservation must entail societalchoices, underpinned by human values and worldviews that differ between the countriesbordering these seas. Social, economic and political heterogeneity adds to the challenge ofbalancing conservation with sustainable use of the seas. Comprehensive macro-regionalcoordination is needed to ensure effective conservation of marine ecosystems andbiodiversity of this region. Under the European Union Horizon 2020 framework programme,the MarCons COST action aims to promote collaborative research to support marinemanagement, conservation planning and policy development. This will be achieved bydeveloping novel methods and tools to close knowledge gaps and advance marineconservation science. This action will provide support for the development of macro-regional and national policies through six key actions: to develop tools to analysecumulative human impacts; to identify critical scientific and technical gaps in conservationefforts; to improve the resilience of the marine environment to global change and biologicalinvasions; to develop frameworks for integrated conservation planning across terrestrial,freshwater, and marine environments; to coordinate marine conservation policy acrossnational boundaries; and to identify effective governance approaches for marine protectedarea management. Achieving the objectives of these actions will facilitate the integration ofmarine conservation policy into macro-regional maritime spatial planning agendas for theEuropean and contiguous seas, thereby offsetting the loss of biodiversity and ecosystemservices in this region.
Research Ideas and Outcomes

hal-01474085
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01474085
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01474085/document
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01474085/file/RIO_article_11884.pdf
DOI : 10.3897/rio.3.e11884

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Les grands domaines naturels, rattachés aux diverses stations de villégiature, étaient dépositaires des meilleurs lacs à truites, d’immenses territoires de sauvagine, de cerf de Virginie et d’un grand nombre de rivières à saumon. Si le littoral et la montagne ont agi comme attracteurs dans le cas de la villégiature, il en a été autrement pour les clubs de chasse et de pêche, qui sont apparus au milieu du XIXe siècle et se sont multipliés à compter de 1885. En l’occurrence, la mécanique à l’œuvre semble avoir posé la « grande nature » comme visée territoriale et le « coureur des bois » comme figure emblématique du héros romantique. L’argument développé dans cet article va s’employer à montrer que le tourisme et la villégiature ont constitué au Québec des procédures de valorisation positionnelle de nature géoanthropologique. Le « clubage » des Laurentides, au sens large du terme, aura constitué en ce sens le présupposé de leur colonisation intérieure. Qu’il s’agisse du lac Saint-Jean, de la Mauricie ou des Laurentides en général, on retrouve l’efficacité du parcours structural de l’établissement humain développé en géographie structurale : l’occupation utilitaire d’un territoire disponible présuppose non pas d’abord une transformation de la nature, mais une valorisation des positions abstraites par le tourisme et la villégiature. 
The large natural areas, linked to the various resorts, were custodians of the best trout lakes, huge areas of waterfowl, deer of Virginia and a large number of salmon rivers. If the coast and the mountains acted as attractors in the case of the holiday, it was different for the club hunting and fishing, which have emerged in the mid-nineteenth century and have increased from 1885. In this case, the mechanics at work seems to have raised the "great outdoors" as a territorial and "rider of the woods" as emblematic figure of the romantic hero. In this case, the mechanics at work seems to have raised the "great outdoors" as a territorial and "rider of the woods" as emblematic figure of the romantic hero. The argument developed in this article will seek to show that tourism and vacationing were in Quebec recovery procedures such as positional geo-anthropological. The “clubage” Laurentian, in the broadest sense, will be formed in this sense the assumption of internal colonization. Whether Lake Saint-Jean, Mauricie and Laurentides in general, we find the effectiveness of the structural pathways of human settlement geography developed structural: the occupation of territory utility presupposes not available not primarily a transformation of nature but a recovery of vague ... by the tourism and the holiday resort.
Québec

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.3609
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/3609

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
A 6 mg./kg. daily dose of levamisole was given during three days to ten carriers of microfilarias Wuchereria bancrofti in Tahiti. No action against adult worms was noticed. The immediate microfilaricid action was at least equivalent to the action of DEC. However the decrease of microfilaremia was not so long with levamisole than with DEC given to a lower dose. Lastly the amount of reactions after a treatment by levamisole is notable.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales

hal-00715413
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00715413
PUBMED : 1037387

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Primary cultures of hepatocytes are powerful models in studying the sequence of events that are necessary for cell progression from a G0-like state to S phase. The models mimic the physiological process of hepatic regeneration after liver injury or partial hepatectomy. Many reports suggest that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) ERK1/2 can support hepatocyte proliferation in vitro and in vivo and the MEK/ERK cascade acts as an essential element in hepatocyte responses induced by the EGF. Moreover, its disregulation has been associated with the promotion of tumor cell growth of a variety of tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma. Whereas the strict specificity of action of ERK1 and ERK2 is still debated, the MAPKs may have specific biological functions under certain contexts and according to the differentiation status of the cells, notably hepatocytes. In this paper, we will focus on MEK1/2-ERK1/2 activations and roles in normal rodent hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo after partial hepatectomy and in human hepatocarcinoma cells. The possible specificity of ERK1 and ERK2 in normal and transformed hepatocyte will be discussed in regard to other differentiated and undifferentiated cellular models.
International Journal of Hepatology

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
hal-00875664
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875664
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875664/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875664/file/TheMAPKMEK12-accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1155/2012/328372

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
This paper investigates the narrative challenges and opportunities that contemporary virology offers to popular science and to fiction. The study of viruses reveals extremely complex relations, playing out over different physical and temporal scales. Viruses constitute a heterogeneous population whose interactions with living organisms occur on multiple levels, and whose numbers are vastly superior to human and even bacterial populations on earth. The resulting challenges for narration can be grouped into three main formal questions. The first is the problem of scale, since the numbers and sizes of virus and host populations are vastly different, as are the temporalities over which they transform and survive. The second is the complexity of actants, since viruses are involved in relations where destruction and mutual benefit can overlap, and genetic transformations are played out over many generations. The third is the choice of images through which to convey their behaviours: many existing metaphors in microbiology, such as “chimeras”, “parasites” or “kill-the-winner dynamics”, carry the narrative potential of a mythological and/or theatrical imagination.These questions will first be examined as challenges encountered in the narration of biology for vulgarization purposes, and effects on narrative forms will be outlined: shifts in focalization in order to create multiscalar perspectives; unstable actantial models as expressions of complex relations; and the use or resistance to narrative structures implied by several key metaphors in virological discourse. These formal characteristics will then be presented through two case studies drawn from contemporary fiction. In his “scientific fable” Conflits Intérieurs (2015), microbiologist Eric Bapteste creates a multiscalar narrative by using humans and viruses as both protagonists and narrators in a battle of ideas. In the graphic novel aâma (2011-2014), Frederik Peeters explores the ambiguous potential, both symbiotic and threatening, of a meta-organism uniting humans with microscopic agents. Both these novels play with scale, metaphor and actants so as to question the fundaments of human identity. They posit the act of narration as a defining human attribute, and consequently use the narrative voice as an arena in which we observe the weakening of the notion of the subject by microbiology.
“Narrative, Cognition & Science” Symposium
Erlangen, Germany

hal-01434744
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01434744

Éditeur(s) : Public Library Science
Résumé : The European Union and other states are moving towards Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management to balance food production and security with wider ecosystem concerns. Fishing is only one of several sectors operating within the ocean environment, competing for renewable and non-renewable resources that overlap in a limited space. Other sectors include marine mining, energy generation, recreation, transport and conservation. Trade-offs of these competing sectors are already part of the process but attempts to detail how the seas are being utilised have been primarily based on compilations of data on human activity at large spatial scales. Advances including satellite and shipping automatic tracking enable investigation of factors influencing fishers' choice of fishing grounds at spatial scales relevant to decision-making, including the presence or avoidance of activities by other sectors. We analyse the determinants of English and Welsh scallop-dredging fleet behaviour, including competing sectors, operating in the eastern English Channel. Results indicate aggregate mining activity, maritime traffic, increased fishing costs, and the English inshore 6 and French 12 nautical mile limits negatively impact fishers' likelihood of fishing in otherwise suitable areas. Past success, net-benefits and fishing within the 12 NM predispose fishers to use areas. Systematic conservation planning has yet to be widely applied in marine systems, and the dynamics of spatial overlap of fishing with other activities have not been studied at scales relevant to fisher decision-making. This study demonstrates fisher decision-making is indeed affected by the real-time presence of other sectors in an area, and therefore trade-offs which need to be accounted for in marine planning. As marine resource extraction demands intensify, governments will need to take a more proactive approach to resolving these trade-offs, and studies such as this will be required as the evidential foundation for future seascape planning.
Plos One (1932-6203) (Public Library Science), 2015-01-27 , Vol. 10 , N. 1 , P. 1-14

Droits : 2015 Tidd et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00254/36518/35064.pdf
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0116335
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00254/36518/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
STUDY QUESTION: Do mild analgesics affect the endocrine system of the human adult testis? SUMMARY ANSWER: Mild analgesics induce multiple endocrine disturbances in the human adult testis in vitro. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Mild analgesics have recently been incriminated as potential endocrine disruptors. Studies of the effects of these widely used molecules on the androgenic status of men are limited and somewhat contradictory. This prompted us to investigate whether these compounds could alter the adult human testicular function. We therefore assessed in parallel the effects of paracetamol, aspirin and indomethacin on organo-cultured adult human testis and on the NCI-H295R steroid-producing human cell line. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: Adult human testis explants or NCI-H295R adrenocortical human cells were cultured with 10(-4) or 10(-5) M paracetamol, aspirin or indomethacin for 24-48 h. The effect of 10(-5) M ketoconazole, used as an anti-androgenic reference molecule, was also assessed. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Testes were obtained from prostate cancer patients, who had not received any hormone therapy. The protocol was approved by the local ethics committee of Rennes, France and informed consent was given by the donors. Only testes displaying spermatogenesis, as assessed by transillumination, were used in this study. Hormone levels in the culture media were determined by radioimmunoassay (testosterone, insulin-like factor 3), Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (inhibin B) or Enzyme Immunosorbent Assay [prostaglandin (PG) D2, and PGE2]. Tissues were observed and cells counted using classical immunohistochemical methods. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: The three mild analgesics caused multiple endocrine disturbances in the adult human testis. This was particularly apparent in the interstitial compartment. Effective doses were in the same range as those measured in blood plasma following standard analgesic treatment. The production of testosterone and insulin-like factor 3 by Leydig cells was altered by exposure to all these drugs. Inhibin B production by Sertoli cells was marginally affected by aspirin only. Our experiments also revealed that mild analgesics display direct anti-PG activity, which varied depending on the drug used, the dose and the duration of exposure. Nevertheless, associations between the alteration of the PG and testosterone profiles were not systematically observed, suggesting that a combination of mechanisms of endocrine disruption is at play. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: Our studies were performed in vitro. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: We provide the first evidence that direct exposure to mild analgesics can result in multiple endocrine disturbances in the human adult testis. Caution, concerning the consumption of mild analgesics by men, should be strengthened, particularly in high-risk population subgroups such as elite athletes.
ISSN: 0268-1161

inserm-00866016
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00866016
PUBMED : 23670170
DOI : 10.1093/humrep/det112

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Au Venezuela, comme dans d'autres pays d'Amérique latine, « l'accès à l'eau pour tous » constitue une cause de tensions entre la société civile et les pouvoirs publics. De plus, la croissance rapide de l'urbanisation, souvent de manière désorganisée, selon des critères de planification urbaine, se caractérise par une déficience en réseaux d'adduction d'eau et (encore plus) en réseaux d'assainisse-ment. Cette situation est accentuée dans les quartiers urbains les plus défavorisés, qualifiés officiellement de « marginaux » jusqu'à la fin des années 1990. Ces territoires urbains représentent environ les deux tiers de la population urbaine du Venezuela, en sachant que ce pays, avec un taux d'urbanisation de l'ordre de 85 %, fait partie du peloton de tête des pays urbanisés de l'Amérique latine. A partir de 1999, la nouvelle Constitution intitulée « Constitution bolivarienne » met en avant la société civile de façon plus explicite. Les habitants des barrios 1 symbolisent alors, dans ce texte de référence ainsi que dans les discours du président de la République bolivarienne Hugo Frias Chavez, une société civile qui a contribué au changement de régime politique et à l'impulsion d'un programme poli-tique se qualifiant de « socialisme du XXI e siècle ». L'accès à l'eau et à l'assainissement rentre dans les priorités du programme économique et social de ce nouveau gouvernement, visant à diminuer rapidement la pauvreté et à améliorer nettement l'accès à un service urbain de qualité. Dans ce contexte, ces mesures se réalisent dans le cadre de « missions » 2 financées par l'Etat dans les domaines de la santé, de l'éducation etc. Le secteur de l'eau s'avère donc un secteur clé de l'intervention sociale, qu'elle se concrétise par la mobilisation de la société civile et/ou par l'implication des pouvoirs publics. Par « intervention sociale », nous nous intéressons au mode de participation d'acteurs de la société civile ou de représentants de collectivités locales etc. Par « mobilisation », nous considérons tout rassemblement de personnes qui se tra-duit par une mise en action commune.
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01133636

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
hal-01133636
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01133636
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01133636/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01133636/file/A%20P%C3%A9n%C3%A9-Annette%20com_colloque%20intervention%20PRINTEMPS%20au%2024%2002%202013.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
Although TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis inducing ligand) is a well-known apoptosis inducer, we have previously demonstrated that acidic extracellular pH (pHe) switches TRAIL-induced apoptosis to regulated necrosis (or necroptosis) in human HT29 colon and HepG2 liver cancer cells. Here, we investigated the role of RIPK1 (receptor interacting protein kinase 1), RIPK3 and PARP-1 (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1) in TRAIL-induced necroptosis in vitro and in concanavalin A (Con A)-induced murine hepatitis. Pretreatment of HT29 or HepG2 with pharmacological inhibitors of RIPK1 or PARP-1 (Nec-1 or PJ-34, respectively), or transient transfection with siRNAs against RIPK1 or RIPK3, inhibited both TRAIL-induced necroptosis and PARP-1-dependent intracellular ATP depletion demonstrating that RIPK1 and RIPK3 were involved upstream of PARP-1 activation and ATP depletion. In the mouse model of Con A-induced hepatitis, where death of mouse hepatocytes is dependent on TRAIL and NKT (Natural Killer T) cells, PARP-1 activity was positively correlated with liver injury and hepatitis was prevented both by Nec-1 or PJ-34. These data provide new insights into TRAIL-induced necroptosis with PARP-1 being active effector downstream of RIPK1/RIPK3 initiators and suggest that pharmacological inhibitors of RIPKs and PARP-1 could be new treatment options for immune-mediated hepatitis.
ISSN: 1350-9047

inserm-00871432
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00871432
DOI : 10.1038/cdd.2012.90
PUBMED : 22814620

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Migration of chemicals from packaging materials to foods may lead to human exposure. Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) can be used in technical mixtures (TMs) for use in food packaging of paper and board, and PFAS have been detected in human serum and umbilical cord blood. The specific structures of the PFAS in TMs are often unknown, but polyfluorinated alkyl phosphate esters (PAPs) have been characterized in TMs, food packaging, and in food. PAPs can be metabolized into fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) and perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs). Some PFAS have endocrine activities, highlighting the need to investigate these effects. Herein, we studied the endocrine activity of less characterized PFAS, including short-chain PFCAs and FTOHs, PAPs, and TMs of unknown chemical composition. Long-chain PFCAs were also included. We applied seven assays covering effects on estrogen, glucocorticoid, androgen, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activity, as well as steroidogenesis in vitro and ex vivo. In general, PAPs, FTOHs, TMs, and long-chain PFCAs showed estrogenic activity through receptor activation and/or increasing 17β-estradiol levels. Furthermore, short- and long-chain PFCAs activated PPARα and PPARγ. Collectively, this means that (i) PAPs, FTOHs, and PFCAs exhibit endocrine activity through distinct and sometimes different mechanisms, (ii) two out of three tested TMs exhibited estrogenic activity, and (iii) short-chain FTOHs showed estrogenic activity and short-chain PFCAs generally activate both PPARα and PPARγ with similar potency and efficacy as long-chain PFCAs. In conclusion, several new and divergent toxicological targets were identified for different groups of PFAS. © 2016 American Society of Andrology and European Academy of Andrology
Andrology

hal-01367144
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01367144
DOI : 10.1111/andr.12190
PUBMED : 27152447

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD European Geosciences Union (EGU)
Résumé : International audience
Storms and tsunamis, which may seriously endanger human society, are amongst the most devastating marine catastrophes that can occur in coastal areas. Many such events are known and have been reported for the Mediterranean, a region where high-frequency occurrences of these extreme events coincides with some of the most densely populated coastal areas in the world. In a sediment core from the Mar Menor (SE Spain), we discovered eight coarse-grained layers which document marine incursions during periods of intense storm activity or tsunami events. Based on radiocarbon dating, these extreme events occurred around 5250, 4000, 3600, 3010, 2300, 1350, 650, and 80 years cal BP. No comparable events have been observed during the 20th and 21st centuries. The results indicate little likelihood of a tsunami origin for these coarse-grained layers, although historical tsunami events are recorded in this region. These periods of surge events seem to coincide with the coldest periods in Europe during the late Holocene, suggesting a control by a climatic mechanism for periods of increased storm activity. Spectral analyses performed on the sand percentage revealed four major periodicities of 1228 ± 327, 732 ± 80, 562 ± 58, and 319 ± 16 years. Amongst the well-known proxies that have revealed a millennial-scale climate variability during the Holocene, the ice-rafted debris (IRD) indices in the North Atlantic developed by Bond et al. (1997, 2001) present a cyclicity of 1470 ± 500 years, which matches the 1228 ± 327-year periodicity evidenced in the Mar Menor, considering the respective uncertainties in the periodicities. Thus, an in-phase storm activity in the western Mediterranean is found with the coldest periods in Europe and with the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation. However, further investigations, such as additional coring and high-resolution coastal imagery, are needed to better constrain the main cause of these multiple events.
ISSN: 1814-9324

hal-01357199
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01357199
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01357199v2/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01357199/file/cp-12-1389-2016.pdf
DOI : 10.5194/cp-12-1389-2016