Résumé : For several years the fishermen of the West Indies have directed their activities towards new fishing grounds, notably the bathyales zones adjacent to island plateaux up to approximately 1000 metres in depth. Explorations earned out since 1989 have shown that diverse crustacean populations could be exploited. However, populations and exploitable stocks arc not well known. The use of crustaceans traps as a fishing technique permits the capture of shellfish, shrimps and prawns of which at least six species could have commercial interest. The main objective of this work is do draw up an inventory of the principal commercial species as well as the accompanying species belonging to the subordres Decapoda macrura, anomura, brachyura, and to the orders Isopoda and Amphipoda. It is intended for fishermen and other socio-professionals of the fishing industry. It should enable them to identify and name these previously unexploited varieties of crustacea to facilitate their sale in local markets.
Depuis quelques années, des pécheurs antillais orientent leurs activités vers de nouveaux secteurs de pèche, notamment les zones bathyales adjacentes aux plateaux insulaires, jusque vers 1000 mètres de profondeur. Des campagnes exploratoires menées depuis 1989. on montré que diverses populations carcinologiques pouvaient l'aire l'objet d'une exploitation. Toutefois, populations et stocks exploitables ne sont pas bien connus. L'emploi du casier comme technique de pêche, permet la capture de crustacés: crevettes et langoustines, dont au moins 6 espèces peuvent avoir un intérêt commercial. Ce travail nomenclatural a pour premier objectif de dresser l'inventaire ces principales espèces commerciales ainsi que des espèces accompagnatrices appartenant aux infra-ordres des Décapodes macroures, anomoures, brachyoures et aux ordres des Isopodes et des Amphipodes. Il est destine aux pécheurs et aux autres personnes des catégories socioprofessionnelles de la filière pêche. II devrait leur permettre d'identifier et de nommer ces produits nouveaux pour faciliter leur vente sur les marchés locaux.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1993/rapport-992.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/992/

Éditeur(s) : Agrocampus Ouest
Résumé : The origin of fish stocks variability is a key question in fisheries science. The exploitation indeed has an important effect in terms of biomass reduction, but environmental forcing is of central interest as it affects numerous key biological processes. Recent theoretical results have shown that the nature of the environmental fluctuations, the environmental noise, has important ecological consequences on populations and particularly on their fluctuations. In addition the effects of exploitation, that are not a simple removal of individuals but also profoundly modifies the demography, the structure and the trophic interactions of fish stocks, can interact with environmental effects. Through an extensive analysis of time series we aim at understanding the effects of environmental noise on fish stocks variability, according to their biological characteristics (life-history traits) and their exploitation. A technique of time series comparison allows to propose that the fluctuations of Atlantic large pelagics are inherited from the interaction between environmental effects, endogenous dynamics and exploitation. We then show that the colour of environmental noise affects the variability of time series, its effects depending on the life-history traits of species. Finally, preliminary results on bentho-demersal and pelagic stocks from the North Atlantic suggest that the exploitation increases the sensitivity of fish stocks to the colour of environmental noise and affects their variability, according to their life-history traits.
L'origine de la variabilité des stocks de pêche est une question centrale en halieutique. Si l'exploitation tient un rôle important dans la réduction de biomasse, le forçage environnemental affecte de nombreux processus biologiques clés. Des résultats théoriques récents ont montré que la nature des fluctuations environnementales, la couleur du bruit environnemental, avait des implications écologiques importantes sur les populations et notamment sur leurs fluctuations. De plus, les effets environnementaux peuvent agir en interaction avec l'exploitation qui ne consiste pas en un simple prélèvement d'individus, mais qui modifie profondément la démographie, la structure et les interactions trophiques des stocks. Au travers de l'analyse extensive de séries temporelles, on essaye ici de comprendre les effets de la couleur du bruit environnemental sur la variabilité des stocks en fonction de leurs caractéristiques biologiques (traits d'histoire de vie) et de leur état d'exploitation. Le développement d'une technique de comparaison des séries temporelles permet de proposer que les fluctuations des grands pélagiques de l'Atlantique sont héritées de l'interaction entre effets environnementaux, dynamique interne et dynamique de l'exploitation. On montre ensuite que la couleur du bruit environnemental affecte la variabilité des séries temporelles, mais que son effet dépend des traits d'histoire de vie des espèces. Enfin, des résultats préliminaires sur les stocks bentho-démersaux et pélagiques de l'Atlantique Nord, suggèrent que l'exploitation augmente la sensibilité des stocks à la couleur du bruit environnemental et affecte leur variabilité en fonction de leurs traits d'histoire de vie.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/these-6596.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6596/

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : In the Caribbean, snappers (Lutjanidae) and groupers (Serranidae) are often heavily exploited by artisanal or industrial fisheries. This paper analyzes the catches of an artisanal fishery selectively targeting these species with a moderate fishing pressure in the Bay Islands (Honduras), and discusses the implications on the understanding of the early stages of development of reef fisheries. Although snappers and groupers are targeted with handlines and spearguns in the whole archipelago, the differences in species diversity and size structure of the catch reveals various exploitation patterns. In most areas, a depletion is observed for the most vulnerable snapper and grouper species, and most other species are mainly exploited in their juvenile phase; clear signs of an intensification process are apparent in one of the areas. The comparison of the relative production in the Bay Islands with other reef fisheries in the Caribbean suggests that higher values may be related to moderate fishing pressure and appropriate combinations of fishing effort and selectivity. This example shows how fisheries strictly targeting a high quality resource with selective fishing techniques can be quite productive even at high levels of effort, but also that they are progressively lead to broaden their species range (sooner or later at the expense of the most vulnerable, often large-sized, species) while increasingly using less selective gears.
Fisheries Research (0165-7836) (Elsevier), 2005-06 , Vol. 73 , N. 1-2 , P. 159-169

Droits : 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2005/publication-512.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.fishres.2004.12.008
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/512/

Éditeur(s) : Communication at the IIFET Conference Tromso 1998
Résumé : (not controled OCR) like most other caribbean islands, martinique suffers a reduction in fisheries resources and is now a net importer of seafood products since no major expansion of aquaculture production has been done. nevertheless, this island has numerous assets for marine aquaculture development : tropical clean waters, developed infrastructures and market channels, financial support for research, training and extension due to its tight political and economic connection with france. red drum is a subtropical fish introduced in martinique in 1985 from the south of usa for aquaculture purposes. from 1987 to 1993, ifremer worked on rearing techniques in martiniquan conditions. once the farming techniques were perfected, questions raised about red drum marketing potential and of economic viability of red drum farms in order to attract investments and entrepreneurs. that is the reason why a market analysis and a financial analysis have been carried out. the results of these studies indicate that martiniquan fish farming could be profitable, due to the rapid build-up of the facilities and to the sho rt production cycles. the good quality of infrastructures in martinique, the high purchase power of the population in comparison with most caribbean islands and the frequent air links with europe are important comparative advantages. the market analysis has revealed a good potential on the domestic market thanks to the development of the supermarkets, but has underlined the price constraint. for the french market too, production costs have to be lowered in order to compete on a market dominated by salmon.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1998/acte-2546.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/2546/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : A development programme for the promotion of FADs in Sao Tome and Principe has implemented an original interactive approach by granting a predominant place to the initiative of the target group and its participation in decision making. The appropriation process of the innovative fads by the beneficiaries takes place in three stages described herewith. the technical research phase. This consists of formally describing an idea in reply to an expressed or potential need. The envisaged fad type is developed and tested by the project's agents in order to obtain a technically appropriate prototype.- the research and adjustment phase. The fad is given to a small number of people to be used in real-life conditions. Reaction surveys will enable its pertinence to be tested and its adaptation to normal conditions of use. This second phase results in the production of a technically and socio-economically appropriated fad. - the diffusion-perpetuation phase. This entails i) identification of the sequences of the various stages, ii) definition and grouping of contributions by the various parties, iii) production of educational auxiliaries, iv) initiating actions for user awareness and demonstration, v) staff training, vi) monitoring of the fad "socialisation", vii) solving funding problems.Original Abstract: Un projet visant, entre autres, la promotion de DCP pour la peche artisanale fonctionne a Sao Tome et Principe depuis 1993. Le processus d'appropriation daune telle innovation par les beneficiaires comprend trois etapes ici decrites. La phase de recherche technique. Il s'agit d'instrumentaliser une idee en reponse a un besoin exprime ou potentiel. L'innovation envisagee est mise au point et testee par les agents du projet en milieu controle de facon a obtenir un prototype techniquement approprie. La phase de recherche-developpement: l'outil est confie a un petit nombre de personnes pour une utilisation en conditions reelles. C'est une phase de mise au point interactive, seule susceptible de provoquer une reelle appropriation par les recipiendaires. Des enquetes de reaction permettront de tester sa pertinence et de l'adapter aux conditions normales d'utilisation. Cette seconde phase debouche sur la production d'un outil de reference approprie techniquement et socio-economiquement. La phase de diffusion-perennisation: il s'agira la : i) d'identifier les sequences d'intervention, ii) d'identifier et de regrouper les apports des differentes parties, iii) de definir et de produire les auxiliaires pedagogiques (manuels, affiches, radio), iv) d'entreprendre des actions de sensibilisation et de demonstration, v) de former les personnels, vi) de veiller a la socialisation de l'innovation, pour les outils collectifs, vii) de resoudre le probleme du financement.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15306/12641.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15306/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : Hawaii was one of the first locations to adapt the Philippine payao concept for use in high energy, deep-water environments. Initial experimental fad deployments were made by the National Marine Fisheries Service in 1977. In 1980, the State of Hawaii started deploying FADs in a programme that has since expanded to its current status of 52 approved surface fad sites. Funding is primarily derived from federal US programmes and the FADs are primarily focused on the sport fishing community. fad sites were selected to expedite access by sport fishermen; specific sites were chosen after consultation with fishermen at public hearings. Since 1997, the FAD system has been managed on a collaborative basis between the State of Hawaii and the University of Hawaii. Hawaiian FADs evolved through two previous designs before the current system of single-sphere spar-buoy was adopted. Today's FADs have an "inverse catenary" mooring system comprised of sections of floating and sinking rope attached to a "tripod" concrete block anchor system. fad sites range between 3.2 km and 46 km from shore. Mooring depths range between 200 and 3,000 metres. Average on-site longevity is 31 months; there is no correlation between longevity and depth of mooring. Windward locations have significantly shorter lifespans than leeward locations. Ten to twenty fads are replaced each year. Each FAD costs approximately us$ 7,500 to build and deploy. Hawaiian fads are heavily used by private and commercial sport fishermen and by small-scale artisanal and commercial fishermen. Commercial pole-and-line boats occasionally use the FADs to capture skipjack tuna. Hawaiian FADs will continue to be used for various types of pelagic fisheries research.

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15280/12666.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15280/

Éditeur(s) : XXXIII International Symposium on New Species for Mediterranean Aquaculture, Alghero, 22-24 Avril 1998
Résumé : Mediterranean aquaculture development is now at a crossroads. The production of seabass and seabream has been increasing at a smart and constant pace for the last ten years. Nevertheless, it is still far behind the Northern European salmonid industry in terms of level of production, reduction of production costs and market internationalisation. Meanwhile, an in depth transformation of market conditions is ongoing in Europe which remains the main target market for Mediterranean aquaculture products. The most important issues are the soaring role of supermarkets in the distribution chain, the development of new processing techniques like pre-packed fresh fish, the growing importance of catering and the evolution of the consumer behaviour. Seafood consumer behaviour results from contradictory attitudes such as scrutiny of products' origin and farming process, research of the best value for money, desire of social image and need for easy to store and ready to cook fish. As in any other seafood industry, product differentiation has become a pre-requisite to fit consumer's demand and reach new consumers thanks to market segmentation. From a theoretical point of view, two kinds of differentiation have to be taken into account: horizontal differentiation basedon the diversity of presentations of the same quality and vertical differentiation based on a hierarchy of quality. Examining precedents in the poultry industry and salmonid industry make it possible to assess the potential role new species may play in product differentiation. In the case of Mediterranean aquaculture, an analysis of the market structure for fresh fish in France, Italy and Greece reveals two different ways of product differentiation: new well known species with a good image for connoisseur markets and standard quality fish provided by species with high growth potential for the mass market. In any case, particular attention has to be given to reputation, long term production costs and capacity to provide a large range of products. [NOT CONTROLLED OCR]

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1998/acte-4008.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4008/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999 15-19 octobre 1999
Résumé : In the area served by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC), which includes 22 Pacific Island countries and territories, anchored FADs have been used since the late 1970s. First introduced from the Philippines, via Hawaii, they were quickly adopted by both industrial and artisanal fisheries sectors : in 1984 more than 600 anchored FADs had been deployed in the region. Since these early days, the development of the technique by the industrial and the artisanal sectors have followed parallel paths with little interaction. In the industrial private sector, companies are funding, deploying and monitoring their own FADs. For some fishing companies, using purse seiners and pole-and-line vessels, from the Solomon Islands or Papua-New-Guinea, these FADs have become a necessity. FAD programmes for small-scale fisheries have been almost exclusively run by the public sector, with technical support from regional and international development agencies and financial assistance from overseas funding agencies. These programmes have had mixed successes : becoming an on-going and essential tool in some places like French Polynesia or Guam; or being momentarily suspended, like in Vanuatu or Tonga, because of the lack of funds, partly due to the scarcity of proven economic return to the fishing communities. This document is an attempt to synthesise the current information on these very diverse situations, including technical, economical and social considerations.

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15283/12669.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15283/

Éditeur(s) : Mdpi Ag
Résumé : Marine pelagic diazotrophic cyanobacteria of the genus Trichodesmium (Oscillatoriales) are widespread throughout the tropics and subtropics, and are particularly common in the waters of New Caledonia. Blooms of Trichodesmium are suspected to be a potential source of toxins in the ciguatera food chain and were previously reported to contain several types of paralyzing toxins. The toxicity of water-soluble extracts of Trichodesmium spp. were analyzed by mouse bioassay and Neuroblastoma assay and their toxic compounds characterized using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry techniques. Here, we report the first identification of palytoxin and one of its derivatives, 42-hydroxy-palytoxin, in field samples of Trichodesmium collected in the New Caledonian lagoon. The possible role played by Trichodesmium blooms in the development of clupeotoxism, this human intoxication following the ingestion of plankton-eating fish and classically associated with Ostreopsis blooms, is also discussed.
Marine Drugs (1660-3397) (Mdpi Ag), 2011-04 , Vol. 9 , N. 4 , P. 543-560

Droits : 2011 MDPI Publishing
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00040/15143/12576.pdf
DOI:10.3390/md9040543
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00040/15143/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD EDP Sciences
Résumé : International audience
In order to ensure a sustainable management of reef fisheries, data need to be collected regularly on the effect of these fisheries on both fish resources and the ecosystems that sustain them. Habitat and resources monitoring programs can provide such information, but are difficult to implement as they involve a range of technical, financial and human resources. Regarding these problems, the involvement of the local population in monitoring programs, called participatory monitoring, seems to offer solutions. Indeed, participatory monitoring has the potential of increasing the number of data collected at low cost, while taking advantage of the traditional ecological knowledge available locally. Some questions need clarifying, however: which methods can bring relevant information for the monitoring of reef fisheries while being appropriate to the motivations and skills of the local population? Is the degree of participation of the local population sufficient to make the monitoring program work, particularly over the long term? To answer these questions, participatory monitoring methods commonly used for coral reef ecosystems have been implemented to assess reef fisheries at three different sites: Moorea island and Tikehau atoll in French Polynesia, and the Bay of Tulear in Madagascar. While highlighting the relevance of some participatory monitoring programs for snapshot and large-scale surveys, the results of this study also show their lesser interest for regular data gathering on long-time scales. In any case, strong coordination and supervision by scientists are considered essential.
La gestion durable des écosystèmes coralliens nécessite de disposer d’informations régulières concernant l’impact des pêcheries sur les ressources récifales et sur les écosystèmes dont elles dépendent. Les suivis intégrés des ressources, des habitats et des espèces associées qui visent à fournir ce type d’informations sont difficiles à mettre en œuvre, car ils impliquent de nombreuses ressources humaines, techniques et financières. Face à ces problèmes, la participation de la société civile dans les programmes de suivi semble en mesure d’apporter des solutions. Dans le but de tester cette hypothèse, des méthodes de suivi participatif ont été mises en œuvre afin de caractériser des pêcheries récifales sur trois socio-écosystèmes contrastés : l’île de Moorea et l’atoll de Tikehau en Polynésie française, et le littoral de Tuléar à Madagascar. Les résultats de cette étude soulignent la pertinence de certains suivis participatifs pour fournir une vision écosystémique dans le cas de collecte de données ponctuelles et de large envergure, et leur intérêt moindre pour la collecte continue de données sur de longues échelles de temps. Dans tous les cas, une structure de coordination et l’implication de scientifiques s’avèrent primordiales pour assurer pérennité et fiabilité au système de suivi.
ISSN: 1240-1307

hal-01302983
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01302983
DOI : 10.1051/nss/2013109

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) is a main target for the fisheries at Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) off the south of Okinawa island. Catch and weight composition of the tuna were monitored at a fisheries cooperative market from 1989 to 1998. Some distinct weight groups (considered to represent cohorts) appeared in the catch and the weight of these groups increased monthly - presumably as individual tuna grew. Although small, light weight fish were caught year-round, the 2 kg weight group that was recruited in May grew to about 15 kg by May of the next year. There was a significant seasonal cycle in the monthly catches. The catch of heavier weight groups decreased in winter indicating the tuna moved out of this FAD area. At one of huge FADs (Nirai), fifteen nautical miles southeast of Okinawa island (depth about 1.300 m), a current meter (Aanderaa RCM-7) recorded current and water temperature from June 1995 to March 1996. The current meter was attached to the FAD at 4 m depth. When typhoons attacked Okinawa, the water temperature drastically dropped. Typically, average current speed was 29 cm/s and eastward current was most frequent. Being affected by tide, the current was averaged over twenty-five hours. Current speed was correlated with the yellowfin catch in 120 daily sets at the FAD; the weaker the current speed, the greater the catch. Although not significant, the catch was greater with northeastward current than with southwestward current.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15300/12662.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15300/

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : The present work is based on a set of bottom trawl surveys performed in the Gulf of Lions between 1983 and 1992. A new method which couples the STATIS multitable approach with the logic of correspondence analysis (CoA) is proposed to study the stability of spatial organization of demersal assemblages in terms of species composition. This CoA version of STATIS has provided a clear representation of the stable part of the spatial structure of the assemblages. In addition, it gave an insight into the interannual variations of the distribution of each population around the reference structure. Our results showed that the demersal assemblages of the Gulf of Lions exhibited strong spatial structuring, mainly orientated along a bathymetric gradient. This gradient is structured around three major regions: the coast, the continental shelf and the continental slope. Despite sampling variations that occurred during the course of the study, the analysis showed a high degree of reproducibility for this spatial pattern. With the exception of Mullus surmuletus, the species considered in this investigation exhibit limited variations in their spatial distribution. Finally, in the absence of log-books covering the activities of commercial fishing vessels, these findings constitute a base of reference for the analysis of the dynamics of fishing fleets exploiting the demersal resources of the Gulf of Lions.
Ce travail porte sur une série de campagnes de chalutage de fond réalisé dans le golfe du Lion entre 1983 et 1992. Une nouvelle méthode fondée sur le couplage de la technique multitableaux STATIS et de l'analyse factorielle des correspondances (AFC) est proposée afin d'étudier l'organisation spatio-temporelle des assemblages démersaux, poissons et quelques céphalopodes, en terme de composition spécifique. Cette version AFC de STATIS a fourni une représentation claire de la part stable de l'organisation spatiale des assemblages. De plus, elle nous a permis d'appréhender les variations interannuelles de la distribution de chaque population autour de la structure de référence. Nos résultats montrent que les assemblages démersaux du golfe du Lion présentent une forte structuration spatiale, principalement orientée selon un gradient bathymétrique. Ce dernier est structuré en trois grandes régions: la côte, le plateau continental et le talus continental. En dépit des variations d'échantillonnage survenues au cours de la période d'étude, l'analyse a mis en évidence une forte reproductibilité de ce schéma d'organisation. A l'exception de Mullus surmuletus, les espèces considérées dans ce travail présentent des variations limitées de leur distribution spatiale. Enfin, en l'absence de livres de bord sur l'activité des navires professionnels, ces résultats constituent une base de référence pour l'analyse de la dynamique des flottilles exploitant les ressources démersales dans le golfe du Lion.
Aquatic Living Resources (Elsevier), 1998-03 , Vol. 11 , N. 2 , P. 75-85

Droits : 1998 Published by Elsevier SAS
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1998/publication-875.pdf
DOI:10.1016/S0990-7440(98)80063-6
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/875/

Résumé : L'homme a rapidement diversifié ses engins de pêche et on remarquera que les techniques alternatives qui sont actuellement pressenties pour remplacer le chalut prépondérant, sont des techniques très anciennes.

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00002/11355/7928.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00002/11355/

Résumé : Introduction: To develop its 2005-2009 strategic plan, IFREMER made two prospective analysis studies in 2003: a thematic prospective analysis and a sectorial prospective analysis. The "aquafarming" sectorial prospective analysis, based primarily on an IFREMER idea, particularly brought to light the difference in nature of problems posed by the future evolution of shellfish farming, fish farming and other stockbreeding (pearl farming and shrimp farming). In addition, the prospective analyses made on an international scale by the FAO (2002, 2004) and the IFPRI (2003) emphasise that the development of aqua farming is the required condition for satisfying world demand of consumer aquatic products, given the foreseeable weak growth, indeed, the stagnation of caught-fish production. Considering the weak development of sea fish farming in France, a country with a long tradition of shellfish farming, it has seemed necessary to deepen the thinking about the prospective analysis devoted to sea fish farming by widening it to include all players interested in this production sector. The goal is to ensure that the strategic plan's objectives, stated in the 2005-2008 four-year contract, define a strategy fully compliant with one of IFREMER's three missions in particular: Contribute to the economic development of the maritime world.
Introduction : Pour élaborer son plan stratégique 2005-2009, l'Ifremer a réalisé en 2003 deux exercices de prospective : une prospective thématique, et une prospective sectorielle. La prospective sectorielle « aquaculture », fondée essentiellement sur une réflexion Ifremer, a mis notamment en évidence la différence de nature des problèmes posés par les évolutions futures de la conchyliculture, de la pisciculture et des autres élevages (perliculture et crevetticulture). Par ailleurs, les prospectives réalisées à l'échelle internationale par la FAO (2002, 2004) et l'IFPRI (2003) soulignent que le développement de l'aquaculture est la condition nécessaire de satisfaction de la demande mondiale d'approvisionnement en produits aquatiques de consommation, compte tenu de la prévisible faible croissance, voire stagnation, de la production des pêches de capture. Considérant le faible développement de la pisciculture marine en France, pays de longue tradition conchylicole, il est apparu nécessaire d'approfondir la réflexion prospective consacrée à la pisciculture marine, en l'élargissant à tous les acteurs concernés par ce secteur de production. Le but est de s'assurer que les objectifs du plan stratégique, déclinés dans le contrat quadriennal 2005-2008, définissent une stratégie pleinement conforme à l'une des trois missions de l'Ifremer : contribuer au développement économique du monde maritime.

Droits : 2006 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/rapport-1506.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1506/

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Sci Ltd
Résumé : Like many tropical small-scale fisheries, the French Guiana coastal fishery is characterized by the high fish biodiversity of its ecosystem, the weak selectivity of the fleets exploiting the resources, and the heterogeneity of the vessels in terms of size and fishing techniques. The Rapfish method is used to assess sustainability within 11 fishery systems by means of 27 attributes relating to ecological, economic, social, and technological fields. Overall results indicate an average performance in the weak sustainability range. Comparisons made among the FSs show a gradient of sustainability performance from the western portion of the coast to the eastern portion. Several recommendations are formulated to raise the current “sustainability” status, such as the reduction of discards. This study is used as a complementary tool to the bioeconomic model in order to define a sustainable management plan for the French Guiana coastal fishery.
Marine Policy (0308-597X) (Elsevier Sci Ltd), 2014-02 , Vol. 44 , P. 397-405

Droits : 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00162/27310/25662.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.marpol.2013.10.003
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00162/27310/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : This summary tackles the development of fisheries in the Caribbean using fads. It highlights the principal causes which explain why, in spite of more than thirty years of experimenting, fishing on fads has not developed as much as had been hoped. Whereas the deep-sea production of pelagic fish by the continental countries of the region has considerably increased since the early eighties, that of the Lesser Antilles has grown more slowly. Anchored fads have given the boats of the small-scale fisheries from three islands (Guadeloupe, Martinique and Curacao) access to these pelagic resources. The various modes of development and management of the fads observed in each island are described. The first available data are used to provide some indications of the effects of the various strategies implemented and the changes induced by this new fishing technique.Original Abstract: Cette synthese concerne la region Atlantique Centre-Ouest (FAO 31) mais elle aborde principalement le developpement des DCP ancres de la zone Caraibe. Trois sites principaux font l'objet d'un developpement particulier ; il s'agit des iles pour lesquelles l'activite de peche professionnelle est actuellement effective autour des DCP : la Guadeloupe, la Martinique et Curacao. L'introduction de DCP dans l'Atlantique Centre-Ouest est signalee pour la premiere fois en 1969, a Panama City (Floride). Il s'agit alors de dispositifs cotiers. Les especes ciblees sont des petits poissons pelagiques. Au debut des annees quatre-vingt, l'implantation de DCP ancres autour des petits etats insulaires de la Caraibe pour la peche des grands poissons pelagiques est consideree comme une priorite par les scientifiques reunis lors du 36e congres du Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute (GCFI). Beaucoup d'experiences DCP conduites dans la region ont permis de conclure a une bonne efficacite agregative quels que soient les choix technologiques operes (DCP lourds ou legers). Malgre cela, tres peu d'iles tirent actuellement benefice de l'avantage que procurent les DCP pour l'exploitation des ressources en grands pelagiques frequentant leurs eaux. Les problemes de transfert et les difficultes a passer de la phase experimentale a la phase operationnelle sont probablement a l'origine de ce paradoxe. Le developpement d'une reelle cooperation regionale sur le theme devrait permettre, aux petits etats insulaires notamment, de mieux profiter des migrations des grands poissons pelagiques dans leurs eaux.

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15279/12665.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15279/

Résumé : For several years the fishermen of the West Indies have directed their activities towards new fishing grounds, notably the bathyales zones adjacent to island plateaux up to approximately 1000 metres in depth. Explorations carried out since 1989 have shown that diverse crustacean populations could be exploited. However, populations and exploitable stocks are not well known. The use of crustaceans traps as a fishing technique permits the capture of shellfish, shrimps and prawns of which at least six species could have commercial interest. The main objective of this work is do draw up an inventory of the principal commercial species as well as the accompanying species belonging to the subordres Decapoda macrura, anomura, brachyura and to the orders Isopoda and Amphipoda. It is intended for fishermen and other socio-professionals of the fishing industry. It should enable them to identify and name these previously unexploited varieties of Crustacea to facilitate their sale in local markets.
Depuis quelques années, des pêcheurs antillais orientent leurs activités vers de nouveaux secteurs de pêche, notamment les zones bathyales adjacentes aux plateaux insulaires, jusque vers 1000 mètres de profondeur. Des campagnes exploratoires menées depuis 1989, ont montré que diverses populations carcinologiques pouvaient faire l'objet d'une exploitation. Toutefois, populations et stocks exploitables ne sont pas bien connus. L'emploi du casier comme technique de pêche, permet la capture de crustacés, crevettes et langoustines, dont au moins 6 espèces peuvent avoir un intérêt commercial. Ce travail nomenclatural a pour premier objectif de dresser l'inventaire des principales espèces commerciales ainsi que des espèces accompagnatrices appartenant aux infra-ordres des Décapodes macroures, anomoures, brachyoures, et aux ordres des Isopodes et des Amphipodes. Il est destiné aux pêcheurs et aux autres personnes des catégories socio-professionnelles de la filière pêche. Il devrait leur permettre d'identifier et de nommer ces produits nouveaux pour faciliter leur vente sur les marchés locaux.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1996/rapport-1543.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1543/

Résumé : If Sea Bass fish farming (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) is currently experiencing an increase in Southern Europe, it is vital, in order to better reflect raising structures, to control its wastes. In order to do so, quantifying this species' wastes is essential to be able to present simple excretion ratios, easily useable by the farmer. Those ratios have been based on nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon masses established on intensive farming and 4 batches belonging to his stock (averaging 24, 5 to 362, 5 g). Each batch was followed up during the course of 1 month and fish farming in its entirety for 2 months. Mass assessments for nitrogen and phosphorus were level ((intrants = extrants) but never precise, contrary to what can be found in bibliography. The main wastes defined were linked to the biomasses found as well as the food quantity fed. Sea Bass carbon excretion could not be clearly defined. According to these follow ups, phosphorus would be the element better utilized by Sea Bass considering nutritional provision. Nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon quantities rejected through farming are very high since for nitrogen and carbon, 90% of the ingestion would be rejected in the environment.
INTRODUCTION : Les pêcheries de langoustine de Mer Celtique se situent essentiellement dans les subdivisions Vllg et Vllh. La réglementation communautaire sur les maillages à langoustine y a été appliquée à partir de 1978. L'emploi d'un maillage dérogataire pour la pêche de la langoustine n'est possible que si le pourcentage d'espèces protégées par une taille marchande pêchées en même temps que la langoustine est inférieur à un seuil déterminé en relation avec le maillage en vigueur. L'application de cette réglementation s'est effectuée suivant un calendrier particulier Avec un pourcentage d'espèces protégées supérieur à 60 %, la pêche est considérée comme dirigée vers le poisson et le maillage est celui de la réglementation générale, soit 80 mm. En fait, comme cela a été mentionné à maintes reprises, sous la pression de cette réglementation contraignante, les flottilles et les techniques de pêche ont évolué très rapidement si bien que le pouvoir de capture de ces navires, aussi bien sur la langoustine que sur le poisson, a considérablement augmenté. Dans la majorité des cas, la flexibilité est devenue la règle et l'adoption du maillage de 80 mm tend à se généraliser. Ces navires s'orientent toujours momentanément vers la pêche la plus rentable, la langoustine demeurant l'espèce-cible, même si elle ne constitue pas toujours pondéralement l'essentiel des captures. Un des reproches majeurs fait aux langoustiniers de Mer Celtique était la destruction possible d'immatures de poissons. Une évaluation de ces rejets a été réalisée en 1980, soit donc avec un maillage situé entre 55 et 60 mm. Pour la plupart des espèces, les rejets sont anecdotiques en raison vraisemblablement d'une distribution spatiale différente des immatures et des adultes. Dans le cas du merlan, les immatures sont concentrés dans les zones côtières en hiver et ne sont capturés que si les langoustiniers sont amenés à abandonner la zone des bancs centraux en raison, en particulier, du mauvais temps. Seuls le merlu et la cardine présentent des pourcentages de rejets très importants car ils sont inféodés aux mêmes fonds vaseux que la langoustine, et leurs migrations trophiques, s'il en existe, ont lieu dans ces aires de dépôts sédimentaires au pied des hauts fonds. Dans ces premières évaluations, le volume observé des rejets de merlu étaient pour le moins inquiétant et laissait supposer, soit qu'il existait sur le fond au moment du recrutement des quantités énormes d'immatures soit que la sélectivité du chalut était abaissée par la présence de la langoustine. Ce deuxième point a été vérifié depuis et il semble que la sélectivité du merlu avec ou sans chalut à langoustine soit strictement la même. Les rejets de langoustine n'ont pas été comptabilisés car les valeurs auraient été inexploitables en raison de la différence entre la taille marchande communautaire, soit 25 mm de longueur céphalothoracique et la taille française soit 34, 5 mm. Ils seraient respectivement de 1, 75 % en nombre dans le premier cas contre 55 % dans le deuxième. En raison des modifications importantes intervenues dans l'aménagement des pêches dans cette zone, il était indispensable de refaire une évaluation pondérale des rejets : Pour obtenir des compositions en taille des espèces ne se prêtant pas aux analyses habituelles sur les âges. Pour calculer des courbes de tri manuel sur les espèces dont il est difficile d'évaluer les rejets en routine, mais seulement dans la mesure où les rejets se superposent à la fraction commerciale de la capture.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1985/rapport-1753.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1753/

Résumé : Implementation of ecosystem-based approaches to marine management points to several shared objectives between conservation and fishery management that require better knowledge of the life history of the exploited resources, elucidation of the information encoded in the calcified tissues (otoliths, scales, bones, shells, and corals) of marine and freshwater organisms, and support for knowledge-based, sustainable ocean management and use. Calcified tissues have been employed since the 19th century to gain knowledge of life traits, population structure, and environmental relationships of fish and molluscs. Breakthrough advances include the discovery by Pannella (1971) of the daily growth increments and the discovery by Radtke (1984) of otolith tracer approaches, resulting in an exponential growth of publications and four dedicated international symposia. IOS2014 will be the fifth in a series of independent symposia convened since 1993, to encourage the exchange of information and expertise, and promote the development of new techniques and applications for otolith-based analysis in ecology, management, and conservation. This international forum is the centre for the exchange of information on developments in the field. New techniques of analysis, statistical treatment, and indeed new areas of application are all presented in this forum. The IOS series started in Hilton Head (USA) in 1993, followed by IOS1998 in Bergen (Norway), IOS2004 Townsville (Australia), and the IOS2009 Symposium held in Monterey (USA). In general, attendance ranged between 250–350 participants. IOS2009 counted 268 registrants from 36 countries, despite the economic crisis.

Droits : ICES - All Rights Reserved
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00221/33260/31736.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00221/33260/

Résumé : The theory of the evaluation of discards applied in phase 1 to the main eight species is described. Then, for each one, the biological parameters are calculated and diagnosis based on length cohorts analysis JONES (1981) are proposed The gadoids, whiting and cod, are heavily exploited and the catches are always recruitment dependant. The bottom species (monks, megrim, rays and Nephrops) are fully exploited or lightlhy over - exploited. Using the fisheries statistics of the data basis about the Celtic Sea, a first classification of fleets is proposed with the individual fishing powers.
La théorie de la technique d'évaluation des rejets utilisée dans la phase 1 est développée et appliquée aux huit espèces principales de la Mer Celtique. Pour chacune, les paramètres biologiques sont réactualisés ou calculés et des diagnostics sont effectués à l'aide de l'analyse de JONES (1981). Les gadidés, merlan et morue sont fortement tributaires des recrutements. L'exploitation du merlu est stable. Les stocks des espèces de fond : baudroies, cardine, raie fleurie et langoustine sont pleinement exploités ou légèrement surexploités. Le diagnostic d'ensemble est rassurant. Une première classification des flottilles basée sur les puissances de pêche est proposée.

Droits : 1989 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1989/rapport-1562.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1562/