Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
Most tumors undergo metabolic reprogramming towards glycolysis, the so-called Warburg effect, to support growth and survival. Overexpression of IF1, the physiological inhibitor of the F0F1ATPase, has been related to this phenomenon and appears to be a relevant marker in cancer. Environmental contributions to cancer development are now widely accepted but little is known about the underlying intracellular mechanisms. Among the environmental pollutants humans are commonly exposed to, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), the prototype molecule of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), is a well-known human carcinogen. Besides apoptotic signals, B[a]P can also induce survival signals in liver cells, both likely involved in cancer promotion. Our previous works showed that B[a]P elicited a Warburg-like effect, thus favoring cell survival. The present study aimed at further elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in the B[a]P-induced metabolic reprogramming, by testing the possible involvement of IF1. We presently demonstrate, both in vitro and in vivo, that PAHs, especially B[a]P, strongly increase IF1 expression. Such an increase, which might rely on β2-adrenergic receptor activation, notably participates to the B[a]P-induced glycolytic shift and cell survival in liver cells. By identifying IF1 as a target of PAHs, this study provides new insights about how environmental factors may contribute to related carcinogenesis.
ISSN: 2045-2322

hal-01518808
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01518808
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01518808/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01518808/file/Hardonni%C3%A8re%20et%20al%202017.pdf
DOI : 10.1038/s41598-017-00269-7

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
It is unclear whether vascular function is affected similarly in children with sickle cell anaemia (SS) and children with sickle haemoglobin C (SC) disease. Therefore, we compared micro and macrovascular functions in healthy (AA) children, children with SS and SC disease, and assessed their association with physical activity. Participants (24 SS, 22 SC and 16 AA), were compared in terms of 1) thermal hyperaemic response (finger pad warming to 42 °C) measured by Laser Doppler techniques, 2) arterial stiffness determined by pulse wave velocity, 3) daily energy expenditure related to moderate and intense physical activities estimated by questionnaire and 4) fitness level, evaluated by the six-minute walk test. Response to heating differed between SS, SC and controls. Peripheral microvascular reactivity was lower and pulse wave velocity higher in SS compared to AA. SC had blunted microvascular reactivity in response to heating compared to AA but pulse wave velocity was not different within the two groups. Physical activity and fitness levels were markedly lower in sickle cell patients compared to healthy controls but no association was observed with vascular function. Microvasodilatory reserve is decreased in both SS and SC patients but only SS patients were also characterised by impaired macrovascular function.
ISSN: 1079-9796

hal-01496857
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01496857
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01496857/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01496857/file/Mo%CC%88ckesch%20et%20al%20BCMD%20non%20apparent%20corrections%20final.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.bcmd.2017.02.001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
OBJECTIVE: The WEGENT trial and other short-term studies suggested that azathioprine or methotrexate could effectively maintain granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) or microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) remission. Whether differences in relapse or adverse event rates would appear after discontinuation of those 2 maintenance regimens and longer follow-up remains unknown. METHODS: Long-term outcomes for the patients enrolled in the WEGENT trial were analyzed according to their randomization group. Parameters at trial entry were evaluated as potential prognostic factors for death, relapse or damage in multivariate models. RESULTS: Data were returned for 88.8% of the 126 original participants. Median [95% confidence interval] followup was 11.9 [11.3-12.5] years. For the azathioprine and methotrexate arms, respectively, the 10-year overall survival rates were 75.1% [64.8-86.9] and 79.9% [70.3-90.8] (P = 0.56), and relapse-free survival rates 26.3% [17.3-40.1] and 33.5% [23.5-47.7] (P = 0.29). No between-arm differences were observed for relapse, adverse events, damage, survival rates without severe side effects and survival rates without relapse and severe side effects. Considering only the 97 GPA patients, no between-arm survival differences were observed. Relapse-free survival was shorter for GPA than MPA patients but the multivariate analysis retained anti-PR3-ANCA-positivity, and not GPA, as being independently associated with relapse. CONCLUSION: This long-term analysis confirms that azathioprine and methotrexate are comparable options for maintaining GPA or MPA remission. Despite good overall survival, relapses, adverse events and damage remain matters of concern and further studies are needed to reduce them.
ISSN: 2326-5205

hal-01217989
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01217989
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01217989/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01217989/file/Long-term%20outcomes%20of%20the%20WEGENT%20trial_accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1002/art.39450

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Does the language in which the instructions are formulat- ed affect the execution of a bilingual's motor task? The first experiment studies whether the language used for the instructions influences the motor performances among bilingual children in situation of learning. Eighty bilin-gual French/Creole children (age means 10.4) were distributed into two experimental groups to learn how to perform a motor task. One group received instructions in French and the other one in Creole. The data suggest that the language of presentation affects the execution of a motor task. Both groups had the same performance level at the beginning of the experiment. We noticed that the group taught in Creole obtained better performances than the group taught in French at the end of the learning situation. The results are discussed in terms of their implications to physical education and motor rehabilitation of bilinguals. The two following experiments reported in the present paper concern (i) the differential imagery value of French and Creole and (ii) the influence of language on the recall of sequences of patterned movements in a bilingual population. Creole words were obtained a higher imagery value than French words, certainly because Creole is an oral and vernacular language. Motor recall scores were better when the sequence was presented in Creole compared to French. The generation of visual images by Creole would facilitate the memorization and recall of new sequences of movements. The effect of language on imagery value of words and motor recall among bilingual French–Creole subjects was discussed in terms of nature of information encoding in each language. The goal of the fourt and last study tries to know the language impact on the movement imagery ability of guadeloupean children. A person is able to represent verbal information with an image (Denis, 1989; Paivio, 1986). The language can he influence this ability on bilingual individuals? If Creole has more to do with image than French (Michelot, 2000), this survey considers a distinct language influence on the mental images vividness specified by guadeloupean children. 123 secondary school pupils (average age 13.45) altogether accepted to fill in the Movement Imagery Questionnaire of Hall and Pongrac (1983). This test enables to measure the rapidity of visual and kinaesthetic images. The “Creole” group (59 children; average age 13. 43) got the MIQ translated in Creole and the “French” group (64 children; average age 13.46) the French version of the test. Finally, language does not generally influence the movement imagery capacity. Yet, the kinaesthetic images are more vivid in French than in Creole for the subjects tested, aged from 11 to 13. The subjects aged from 14 to 16 have, only in Creole, more vivid visual images than the subjects aged from 11 to 13. The language affects the movement imagery ability with age of this guadeloupean children.
L'exécution d'une tâche motrice chez des bilingues est-elle affectée par la langue dans laquelle les consignes sont formulées ? Une première expérience a été menée en vue d'analyser si la langue de présentation des consignes influence les performances motrices d'enfants bilingues en situation d'apprentissage. Quatre-vingt bilingues français/créole (âge moyen : 10,4 ans) ont été répartis dans deux groupes expérimentaux afin d'apprendre à réaliser une tâche motrice, l'un recevant les consignes en français et l'autre en créole. Les données suggèrent que la langue de présentation affecte l'exécution d'une tâche motrice. Le groupe enseigné en créole obtient de meilleures performances en fin d'apprentissage comparativement à celles obtenues par le groupe enseigné en français, alors que les deux groupes ont au départ un niveau comparable. Ces résultats sont discutés sur le plan de leur implication pour l'éducation physique et la réadaptation motrice des bilingues. Les deux expérimentations suivantes évaluent (i) la valeur d'imagerie de mots et (ii) le rappel moteur d'enchaînements auprès de bilingues français–créole en faisant varier la langue de présentation. Les mots en créole, supposés susciter plus facilement des images mentales visuelles, car le créole est une langue orale et vernaculaire, ont effectivement obtenu une cote plus élevée que les mots français sur l'échelle de valeur d'imagerie. L'évocation d'images visuelles facilitant la mémorisation et la planification de séquences de mouvements, les performances de rappel obtenues à partir des consignes en créole ont été supérieures à celles obtenues en français. Les effets de la langue de présentation sur la valeur d'imagerie des mots et le rappel moteur d'enchaînements de morphocinèses auprès des participants bilingues sont discutés en termes de nature d'encodage de l'information verbale dans chacune des langues. L'objectif de cette quatrième et dernière recherche est de connaître l'impact de la langue sur la capacité d'imagerie du mouvement d'enfants guadeloupéens. Un individu peut se représenter des informations verbales sous une forme imagée (Denis, 1989; Paivio, 1986). La langue peut-elle influencer cette capacité chez des individus bilingues ? Le créole étant plus imagé que le français (Michelot, 2000), nous prévoyons une influence distincte de la langue sur le degré de vivacité des images mentales. Cent-vingt-trois collégiens guadeloupéens (âge moyen 13.45) ont rempli un questionnaire d'imagerie du mouvement (MIQ de Hall et Pongrac, 1983) mesurant la vivacité d'images visuelles et kinesthésiques. Un groupe «créole» (59 enfants; âge moyen 13.43) l'a passé en créole et un groupe «français» (64 enfants; âge moyen 13.46) en français. Finalement, la langue n'influence pas la capacité d'imagerie mentale de notre échantillon. Mais la vivacité des images kinesthésiques est supérieure en français chez les sujets de 11 à 13 ans et celle des images visuelles des sujets de 14 à 16 ans est supérieure à celle des sujets de 11 à 13 ans seulement en créole. La langue semble influencer la capacité d'imagerie mentale des sujets en fonction de l'âge.
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441944

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
tel-00441944
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441944
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441944/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441944/file/These_Anciaux_2003_L_enfant_le_creole_et_l_EPS.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
STUDY QUESTION: Do mild analgesics affect the endocrine system of the human adult testis? SUMMARY ANSWER: Mild analgesics induce multiple endocrine disturbances in the human adult testis in vitro. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Mild analgesics have recently been incriminated as potential endocrine disruptors. Studies of the effects of these widely used molecules on the androgenic status of men are limited and somewhat contradictory. This prompted us to investigate whether these compounds could alter the adult human testicular function. We therefore assessed in parallel the effects of paracetamol, aspirin and indomethacin on organo-cultured adult human testis and on the NCI-H295R steroid-producing human cell line. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: Adult human testis explants or NCI-H295R adrenocortical human cells were cultured with 10(-4) or 10(-5) M paracetamol, aspirin or indomethacin for 24-48 h. The effect of 10(-5) M ketoconazole, used as an anti-androgenic reference molecule, was also assessed. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Testes were obtained from prostate cancer patients, who had not received any hormone therapy. The protocol was approved by the local ethics committee of Rennes, France and informed consent was given by the donors. Only testes displaying spermatogenesis, as assessed by transillumination, were used in this study. Hormone levels in the culture media were determined by radioimmunoassay (testosterone, insulin-like factor 3), Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (inhibin B) or Enzyme Immunosorbent Assay [prostaglandin (PG) D2, and PGE2]. Tissues were observed and cells counted using classical immunohistochemical methods. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: The three mild analgesics caused multiple endocrine disturbances in the adult human testis. This was particularly apparent in the interstitial compartment. Effective doses were in the same range as those measured in blood plasma following standard analgesic treatment. The production of testosterone and insulin-like factor 3 by Leydig cells was altered by exposure to all these drugs. Inhibin B production by Sertoli cells was marginally affected by aspirin only. Our experiments also revealed that mild analgesics display direct anti-PG activity, which varied depending on the drug used, the dose and the duration of exposure. Nevertheless, associations between the alteration of the PG and testosterone profiles were not systematically observed, suggesting that a combination of mechanisms of endocrine disruption is at play. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: Our studies were performed in vitro. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: We provide the first evidence that direct exposure to mild analgesics can result in multiple endocrine disturbances in the human adult testis. Caution, concerning the consumption of mild analgesics by men, should be strengthened, particularly in high-risk population subgroups such as elite athletes.
ISSN: 0268-1161

inserm-00866016
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00866016
PUBMED : 23670170
DOI : 10.1093/humrep/det112

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Mont-Saint-Aignan : Publications des Universités de Rouen et du Havre
Résumé : International audience
The literature on the history of the Paralympics movement tends to present the British games of Stoke Mandeville as the unique origin of the movement and neurosurgeon, Guttman, as a founder hero. Yet, in France initiatives were carried out outside the British dynamics of sports for physically handicapped. They resulted in a range of sports offers stemming out of a self-organized movement created by and for civilian disabled and war-disabled. This self-organization of physically handicapped people, quickly took on a sporting dimension, distinguishing itself from the organizations doctors working in functional rehabilitation services would propose to their patients in the United Kingdom. The French movement quickly took part into the national sports movement. It got structured with a view to include all disabled people into the sporting sphere, then went further into the process of extension and sportivation within international standards. This study builds on a set of data drawn from various revues from different associations of sports movement for French physically disabled from 1954 to 1972. Interviews with major French leaders have also been inserted. We privileged internal sources to focus on the analysis of self-organization dynamics.
La littérature sur l’histoire du mouvement paralympique tend à faire des Jeux britanniques de Stoke Mandeville l’origine unique du mouvement, et du neurochirurgien Guttmann un héros fondateur. Or en France, des initiatives se structurent en dehors de la dynamique britannique du sport pour handicapés physiques. Elles produisent une offre sportive à partir d’une auto-organisation créée par et pour des mutilés de guerre et invalides civils.Cette auto-organisation d’individus handicapés physiques se démarque rapidement de l’organisation proposée par les médecins dans les services de réadaptation fonctionnelle comme au Royaume-Uni, en s’orientant vers une dimension sportive. En s’appuyant sur des réseaux militaires, civils et politiques, le mouvement français participe rapidement au mouvement sportif national. Il se structure alors à partir d’un objectif d’intégration de tous les publics déficients à la sphère sportive, et porte cette volonté d’ouverture et de sportivisation dans les instances internationales. Cette étude s’appuie sur un corpus de données issues des revues des différentes associations du mouvement sportif pour handicapés physiques français de 1954 à 1972, enrichi d’entretiens avec les principaux dirigeants français. Le privilège accordé aux sources internes correspond au choix de centrer l’analyse sur la dynamique d’auto-organisation.
ISSN: 1999-8589

hal-01681465
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01681465

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : contient des versions PDF d'articles scientifiques (versions éditeur)
Spectrins are actin binding proteins that constitute the main components of membrane skeletons, the protein network located under the plasma membrane. Erythroid or non erythroid (in this case, they are called fodrins), spectrins play an important structural function in the membrane as demonstrated in the red blood cell. Spectrins are composed of two long α and β chains, associated in tetramers (αβ)2, forming the long flexible filaments of the network. Both chains are composed of repeating units which are folded in a triple helical arrangement (A, B and C helices), except for segment α10 which corresponds to a Src Homology 3 domain (SH3). The head-to-head interaction between dimers implies the N-terminal end of α chain and the C-terminal end of β chain. A model was proposed for the tetramerization site of spectrin : the two A and B helices of the last repeat of α chain interact with the C helix of the β chain in order to constitute a triple-helical structure similar to the repeats along the remainder of spectrin molecule. This model was first inferred from the relationship between the severity of the spectrin self-association defect and the location of the underlying mutations found in hereditary elliptocytosis (HE). Using recombinant peptides we defined the region, on both chains, which was sufficient and necessary to generate a fully functional tetramerization site. Producing peptides carrying a βHE mutation, we reproduced the tetramerization defect as observed in red blood cells of patients.
Finally, the presence of an SH3 domain probably gives to spectrins new functions which are different from the stability of the membrane. After contesting the existence of interaction between the fodrin SH3 domain and the α subunit of epithelial sodium channel sensitive to amiloride, we searched for partners of this domain, by screening a rat kidney library with the yeast two-hybrid system. We identified severals proteins implicated in the actin polymerization asoociated with motility or cell differenciation, suggesting that SH3 domain could play a part in this process.
Les spectrines, protéines liant l'actine, sont des constituants majeurs du squelette membranaire, réseau multiprotéique localisé sous la membrane plasmique. Érythroïdes ou non érythroïdes (dans ce cas, on les appelle fodrines), les spectrines ont un rôle structural important dans la membrane comme cela a déjà été démontré, pour la spectrine, dans le globule rouge. Elles sont constituées de deux longues chaînes a et ß associées côte à côte en tétramères (aß)2 qui forment les longs filaments du réseau. Chacune des chaînes est composée par la répétition de segments homologues, 22 pour a et 17 pour ß. Ces segments sont constitués de trois hélices a (hélices A, B et C) repliées sur elles-mêmes. Cette succession de structures trihélicoïdales est parfois interrompue par un domaine particulier comme le domaine SH3 (Src Homology 3) présent au milieu de la chaîne a. Les tétramères (aß)2 de spectrine constituent les filaments du squelette membranaire. L'interaction tête-à-tête de deux dimères aß implique les extrémités NH2 de la chaîne a et COOH de la chaîne ß. D'une part la sévérité du défaut d'auto-association et la localisation des mutations associées à celui-ci et d'autre part, les séquences en acides aminés des extrémités impliquées dans le site d'auto-association ont permis de proposer un modèle : la première hélice C isolée de la chaîne a pourrait s'associer aux deux dernières hélices A et B de la chaîne ß pour reconstituer une unité conformationnelle trihélicoïdale semblable à celles observées le long de la molécule. Un défaut dans la formation du tétramère est le support moléculaire le plus fréquemment observé dans les elliptocytoses héréditaires (HE). À l'aide de peptides recombinants, nous avons défini, sur les deux chaînes, les régions nécessaires et suffisantes possédant les caractéristiques pleinement fonctionnelles du site de tétramérisation. Nous avons ensuite, par mutagenèse dirigée, reproduit le lien entre la présence de mutations HE localisées dans les hélices A ou B et le défaut d'auto-association observé dans les globules rouges de patients HE. La présence d'un domaine SH3 localisé au milieu de la chaîne a confère probablement aux spectrine des fonctions autres que le maintien et la stabilité de la membrane. Les SH3, petits domaines protéiques, participent aux interactions protéine/protéine. Le seul partenaire connu du domaine SH3 de la fodrine était la sous-unité a du canal sodium sensible à l'amiloride (ENaC) mais la fonction de ce complexe n'était pas encore caractérisée. À l'aide de différentes méthodes, nous avons remis en cause l'interaction directe entre ENaC et le SH3 de la fodrine. La fonction de ce domaine SH3 étant liée à la nature de son ligand, nous avons donc recherché les partenaires putatifs du domaine SH3 de la fodrine par la technique du double-hybride. 29 partenaires ont été identifiés, regroupés en 19 familles et 10 clones isolés. La spécificité des interactions a été étudiée à la fois par double-hybride, à l'aide de mutants du domaine SH3 de la fodrine produits par mutagenèse dirigée. Les interactions vis-à-vis d'autres domaines SH3 (spectrine ou une protéine de levure non relatée Scd2) ont été également analysées. Enfin, la spécificité de certains partenaires a été confirmée par des études d'interactions in vitro. Deux des protéines les plus spécifiques du domaine SH3 de la fodrine sont des protéines tyrosine-phosphatase PTP. La première est l'isoforme A de PTP de faible poids moléculaire (LMPTPA) mais l'interaction n'a pas été confirmée in vitro. La deuxième, TD14, est une nouvelle PTP dont la seule fonction connue est d'inhiber la formation des foyers tumoraux des cellules surexprimant l'oncogène Ha-ras. Ces PTP pourraient soit déphosphoryler la fodrine, soit être recrutées sous la membrane pour déphosphoryler une autre cible. Nous avons également identifié trois partenaires (N-WASP, Evl et une protéine de la famille des formines) suggérant que les domaines SH3 des spectrines pourraient être impliqués dans les processus de polymérisation de l'actine liés à la mobilité ou la différenciation cellulaire. Mot clés : spectrine, fodrine, tétramérisation, SH3, double-hybride, polymérisation de l'actine
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00284819

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
tel-00284819
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00284819
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00284819/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00284819/file/Nicolas_1999_-_These.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The N-S Languedoc volcanic province between the French Massif Central and the Mediterranean Sea is characterized by sporadic scattered low volume (similar to 2 km(3)) and geochemically homogeneous alkali basaltic activity spanning from 161 to 05 Ma The existence of magmatic activity of such a long duration within such a small area (similar to 140 km long and similar to 60 km wide) in spite of the extensive shift to the East of the European plate (about 2500 km during the last 160 Ma) is problematic Trace-element abundances in lavas suggest low degrees of melting (1-5%) in the spinet-garnet transition zone of an enriched Iherzolitic source The lavas display rather large ranges in Sr isotopic ratios (0 70307-0 70436) The Nd-143/Nd-144 ratio variations are smaller (0 51268-0 51300) and these of Pb-206/Pb-204 Pb-208/Pb-204 and Pb-207/Pb-204 are 18 745-19 515 38 53239 228 and 15 567-15 680 respectively The Languedoc lithospheric mantle as sampled by xenoliths is globally similar to the Pyrenees lithosphere The xenoliths show also rather large Sr Nd and Pb isotopic variations (Sr-87/Sr-86 0 70287-0 70578 Nd-143/Nd-144 0 51256-0 51414 Pb-208/Pb-204 37772-39 041 Pb-206/Pb-204 17 901-19 353) except for Pb-207/Pb-204 (15 570-15 620) The Pb-206/Pb-204 and La/Sm ratios are positively correlated both in xenoliths and lavas The increase of the Pb-206/Pb-204 (which could be interpreted as participation of the European Asthenospheric Reservoir EAR) is probably related to volatile-rich (carbonated?) fluid percolation This is corroborated by LILE and HFSE patterns observed in several xenoliths Therefore our data on lavas and xenoliths suggest a lithospheric origin for this long lived magmatism We propose (1) that the role of the asthenosphere in the Languedoc volcanism was restricted to volatile-rich fluid supplying and (2) that the fluid injection within the lithosphere may be related to the arrival of the Central Atlantic Plume head beneath Western Europe about 70 Ma ago In this model the isotopic signature of the oldest lavas (>70 Ma) would be that of the mantle lithosphere inherited from Hercynian processes The signatures of the subsequent lavas would be driven by the metasomatic component stored within the lithosphere and preferentially mobilized during incipient melting This metasomatised lower lithosphere was close to its solidus and small changes in P (or T) triggered incipient melting leading to basaltic volcanism Successive local re adjustments of the lithospheric blocks which accompanied the Meso-Cenozoic evolution of the Thetys Ligurian margin towards the present Mediterranean margin are the probable cause of these changes and so the sporadic volcanic activity in Languedoc is unrelated to deep asthenospheric processes
ISSN: 0024-4937

hal-00558884
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00558884
DOI : 10.1016/j.lithos.2010.04.009

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : We have studied the phase transformation of forsterite to wadsleyite under shear stress at the Earth's transition zone pressure and temperature conditions. Two-step experiments were performed using a multi-anvil press. First, we hot pressed iron-free forsterite at 6 or 11 GPa and 1100 degrees C. Then we deformed a slab of this starting material using a direct simple shear assembly at 16 GPa and 1400 degrees C for 1, 15, 35, 40, or 60 min. Both the starting material and the deformed samples were characterized using optical and scanning electron microscopy including measurements of crystal preferred orientations (CPO) by electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The phase transformation occurs very rapidly, in less than 1 min, and metastable forsterite relics are not observed after deformation. The grain size of wadsleyite is slightly smaller than the forsterite starting material. The water contents obtained from FTIR analyses in forsterite and wadsleyite are 65-124 wt ppm H2O and 114-736 wt ppm H2O, respectively, which are well below water solubility at similar conditions in the presence of free water. Wadsleyite aggregates display weak CPO patterns with [1 0 0] axes concentrated at low angle to the shear direction, [0 1 0] axes perpendicular to the shear plane and nearly random [0 0 1] axes. Only a few dislocations were observed in wadsleyite with TEM. This observation is consistent with the assumption that most dislocations formed during the initial high-stress stages of these stress-relaxation experiments, were consumed in the phase transformation, probably enhancing the transformation rate. CPO patterns vary as a function of the water content: with increasing water content the density of [1 0 0] axes parallel to the shear direction decreases, and the density of [0 0 1] axes increases. Viscoplastic self-consistent modeling of CPO evolution using previously reported glide systems for wadsleyite, i.e., [1 0 0]{0 k 1} and 1/2 (1 1 1){1 0 1}, cannot reproduce the measured CPO, unless the [0 0 1](0 1 0) system, for which dislocations have not been observed by TEM, is also activated. In addition, wadsleyite grain growth suggests the participation of diffusion-assisted processes in deformation. Calculated anisotropies for P and S-waves using measured CPO are always below 1%. This very low anisotropy is due to both the low finite strain achieved in the experiments, which leads to weak wadsleyite CPO, and to the diluting effect of added majorite. The present experiments emphasize the importance of stress, grain size evolution and water content in the forsterite to wadsleyite phase transformation and subsequent deformation in the transition zone.
ISSN: 0031-9201

hal-00617430
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00617430
DOI : 10.1016/j.pepi.2010.11.001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Lung diseases are aggravated by exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) found in air pollution. Macrophages are thought to play a crucial role in lung immune response to these pollutants, even if the mechanisms involved remain incompletely characterized. In the present study, we demonstrated that classically and alternative human macrophages (MΦ) exhibited increased secretion of PDGF-B in response to DEP extract (DEPe). This occurred via aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-activation because DEPe-induced PDGF-B overexpression was abrogated after AhR expression knock-down by RNA interference, in both M1 and M2 polarizing MΦ. In addition, TCDD and benzo(a)pyrene, two potent AhR ligands, also significantly increased mRNA expression of PDGF-B in M1 MΦ, whereas some weak ligands of AhR did not. We next evaluated the impact of conditioned media (CM) from MΦ culture exposed to DEPe or of recombinant PDGF-B onto lung fibroblast proliferation. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor, AG1295, prevents phosphorylations of PDGF-Rβ, AKT and ERK1/2 and the proliferation of MRC5 fibroblasts induced by recombinant PDGF-B and by CM from M1 polarizing MΦ, strongly suggesting that the PDGF-BB secreted by DEPe-exposed MΦ is sufficient to activate the PDGF-Rβ pathway of human lung fibroblasts. In conclusion, we demonstrated that human MΦ, whatever their polarization status, secrete PDGF-B in response to DEPe and that PDGF-B is a target gene of AhR. Therefore, induction of PDGF-B by DEP may participate in the deleterious effects towards human health triggered by such environmental urban contaminants.
ISSN: 0041-008X

hal-01146840
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01146840
DOI : 10.1016/j.taap.2015.04.007
PUBMED : 25896968

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
Résumé : International audience
Purpose of review Toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients is associated with a high mortality rate. Molecular techniques are important tools to diagnose acute disease in immunocompromised patients, but there are various methods with variable efficiency. Some of them have been validated for the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis, but the impact of their use has not been evaluated in immunocompromised patients. Recent findings Toxoplasmosis is of increasing importance in non-HIV immunocompromised patients. In addition, the picture of disease shows greater severity in South America, both in immunocompetent study participants and in congenitally infected infants. These epidemiological differences could influence the sensitivity of diagnostic methods. This review analyzes recent data on molecular diagnosis and compares them with older ones, in light of progress gained in molecular techniques and of recent epidemiological findings. Most recent studies were conducted in South America and used PCR targeting the B1 gene. PCR on blood could allow diagnosing a significant proportion of patients with ocular toxoplasmosis in Brazil. Summary Quantitative PCR methods with specific probes should be used to improve sensitivity and warrant specificity. Performance of quantitative PCR targeting the repeated 529 bp sequence for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients needs evaluation in field studies in South America and in western countries.
ISSN: 0951-7375

hal-01390970
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01390970
DOI : 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000275
PUBMED : 27191201

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : National audience
Objectif L’objectif était d’identifier des formes d’organisation du travail et d’étudier leur association avec les douleurs de l’épaule et le syndrome de la coiffe des rotateurs (SCR) chez les salariés, à partir des données du programme de surveillance épidémiologique des troubles musculo-squelettiques mis en œuvre dans les Pays de la Loire. Méthodes Entre 2002 et 2005, la participation volontaire de 83 médecins du travail a permis d’inclure par tirage au sort 3710 salariés lors de leur visite médicale périodique. Seize variables organisationnelles ont été recueillies par auto-questionnaire. Les symptômes de l’épaule ont été recueillis à l’aide d’un questionnaire de type nordique et le SCR a été diagnostiqué par le médecin à l’aide d’un examen clinique standardisé. Une classification ascendante hiérarchique (CAH) des variables organisationnelles puis des salariés ont permis d’identifier les différentes formes d’organisation du travail. Les associations entre les formes d’organisation du travail et les douleurs de l’épaule et le SCR ont été étudiées par des régressions logistiques ajustées sur des facteurs individuels, biomécaniques et psychosociaux. Résultats Cinq classes d’organisation du travail ont été identifiées. Une classe de salariés s’est révélée fortement exposée aux contraintes organisationnelles : – travail en équipe postée ; – polyvalence ; – faible latitude décisionnelle ; – répétitivité des tâches ; – rythme de travail imposé par : – le déplacement automatique d’un produit ou d’une pièce/la cadence automatique d’une machine, – la dépendance immédiate vis-à-vis du travail des collègues, – des normes de production ou des délais à respecter, – des contrôles ou une surveillance permanents. À l’inverse, elle était moins exposée au rythme de travail imposé par une demande extérieure (public, client) que l’ensemble de l’échantillon. Par rapport à cette classe, les salariés des quatre autres classes avaient un risque plus faible de douleurs de l’épaule au cours des 12 derniers mois (OR de 0,6 [0,5–0,7] à 0,8 [0,6–0,9]), permanentes au cours des 12 derniers mois (OR de 0,6 à 0,8 [0,5–1,0]) et au cours des 7 derniers jours (OR de 0,6 [0,4–0,9], à 0,8 [0,6–1,0]). L’association était non significative pour le SCR (p = 0,11). Conclusions L’étude a montré une association significative entre les douleurs de l’épaule et l’exposition à des contraintes organisationnelles. Ces résultats seront à confirmer à l’aide de modèles à équations structurelles
16e colloque scientifique de l’ADEREST
Lyon, France

hal-01187141
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01187141
DOI : 10.1016/j.admp.2015.04.036

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Partant du présupposé selon lequel les sciences, par leurs prétentions à l'universalité, constitueraient un terrain privilégié pour réunir des communautés fonctionnant sur des valeurs très différentes, notre recherche vise deux objectifs : la conception d'un outil permettant l'apprentissage des sciences à des enfants roms âgés de 6 à 8 ans, non scolarisés ; une évaluation de l'impact de cet outil en terme de scolarisation.
Un premier prototype a été conçu : une mallette contenant du matériel non coûteux et généralement disponible dans les foyers, permettant aux enfants de conduire aisément des expérimentations sur des sujets en relation avec des préoccupations proches de leur milieu de vie.
L'étude en cours concerne trois communautés roms de Roumanie, ayant de jeunes enfants non scolarisés. Lors d'une première visite, le matériel est présenté aux familles et les participants volontaires sont accompagnés lors de la réalisation des premières expérimentations. La mallette étant laissée à leur disposition, les familles sont visitées une seconde fois, un mois plus tard, pour discuter avec les utilisateurs des activités qu'ils ont pu conduire et leur apporter des explications.
On s'attend à ce que, au moyen de cet outil, les enfants accèdent à des connaissances scientifiques inaccessibles d'ordinaire au sein de leurs communautés et à ce que les familles transforment leur regard sur l'école et l'investissent comme moyen d'accéder à des connaissances utiles.
Nous présenterons dans cette communication les principes à la base de la conception des activités contenues dans la mallette, leur mise en œuvre dans les trois communautés ainsi que l'évaluation réalisée.
Différences et inéquités : enjeux culturels et scolaires pour les sciences et les techniques
Chamonix, France

halshs-00280412
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00280412

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
In addition to soluble factors, mechanical constraints and extracellular matrix stiffness are important regulators of cell fate that are mediated by cytoskeletal modifications. The EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) that occurs during normal development and malignant progression is a typical example of the phenotypic switch associated with profound actin remodelling and changes in gene expression. For instance, actin dynamics control motile cell functions in EMT, in part, through regulating the subcellular localization of the myocardin-related transcription factor MKL1 (megakaryoblastic leukaemia translocation 1), a co-activator of SRF (serum-responsive factor). In the present paper, we show that MKL1 participates also to the control of the cellular switch between growth and quiescence. Experimental disconnection between MKL1 and G-actin (globular actin), by using an MKL1 mutant or enhancing the F (filamentous)-/G-actin ratio, generates a widely open chromatin state and a global increase in biosynthetic activity, classically associated with cell growth. Conversely, G-actin accumulation favours nuclear condensation and cell quiescence. These large-scale chromatin changes rely upon extensive histone modifications, exemplified by that of H3K9 (H3 Lys9) shifting from trimethylation, a heterochromatin mark, to acetylation, a mark of euchromatin. The present study provides the first evidence for a global reversible hetero/euchromatinization phenomenon triggered by the actin/MKL1 signalling pathway.
The Biochemical Journal

hal-01063933
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01063933
DOI : 10.1042/BJ20131240
PUBMED : 24762104

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Un festival, lorsqu'il atteint une certaine ampleur devient un facteur important du développement local. Il impulse une dynamique nouvelle dans l'espace où il se déroule, entraînant de nombreuses conséquences tant sociales qu'économiques. Il ne laisse personne indifférent. On le vit, on le subit, on y participe. Toute la société est concernée par l'événement.Le festival de Confolens a acquis au fil des années une grande notoriété internationale même s'il se déroule dans une région rurale assez enclavée. Le Confolentais est une région très peu industrialisée qui souffre de déprise agricole. Le dépeuplement s'inscrit davantage dans le paysage à chaque recensement...
Géo-Centre-Ouest, Poitiers

hal-01405810
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01405810
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01405810/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01405810/file/1994%20le%20festival%20de%20folklore%20de%20Confolens.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : The First International Orogenic Lherzolite Conference was held in Montpellier, France, in 1990 (Menzies et al., 1991Go). Subsequent Orogenic Lherzolite Conferences were held in Granada, Spain in 1995, Pavia, Italy in 1999 and Samani, Japan in 2002. A vital aspect of all these meetings was the opportunity to visit nearby exposures of mantle peridotites: to date, participants have visited Lherz in France; Baldissero, Balmuccia, Erro Tobio, Finero, Lanzo and Liguria in Italy; Ronda in Spain; Beni Bousera in Morocco; and Horoman in Hokkaido, Japan. Peer-reviewed papers from all four conferences were published in the Journal of Petrology in 1991, 2001 and 2004 and, in one instance, in Chemical Geology in 1996.
ISSN: 0022-3530

hal-00496489
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00496489
DOI : 10.1093/petrology/egp098

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Best paper for innovative research
International audience
This paper investigates the interest of using the Kinematic Theory of rapid human movements to analyseand evaluate the handwriting produced by young kindergarten children in typical classroom environment. A total of66 children participated in this trial. For the preliminary results reported herein, movements from 15 children, takenevenly from three different levels (3, 4, and 5 years old), were analyzed. Our results confirm that 1) the sigmalognormalequation can model accurately childen’s movement and 2) that this modeling can differentiate betweenchildren of different school levels, hence supporting the relevance of pursuing along this original pathway.
Recent Progress in Graphonomics: Learn from the Past. IGS 2013
Nara, Japan

hal-01098125
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01098125

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : site web du Colloque disparu
Parmi les stratégies innovantes visant à promouvoir des agricultures doublement performantes, figure l’utilisation de la biodiversité. Dans cet article, nous nous interrogeons sur les processus d’apprentissage qui favorisent la conception « intelligente » de systèmes de culture. A partir de l’exemple de la valorisation des mycorhizes indigènes à la Martinique (symbioses entre plantes et champignons du sol), nous déterminons les freins et les leviers à la co-construction et à l’adoption d’innovations de rupture pour la modernisation écologique de l’agriculture. Les résultats d’une démarche participative conduite avec un échantillon d’agriculteurs ouverts aux pratiques agroécologiques montrent que l’importance et la nature des freins diffèrent selon la dynamique d’apprentissage dans laquelle ils s’insèrent. Ainsi, les « mieux apprenants » passent plus facilement de la phase de partage de connaissances (K) à la conception d’innovations (C) en identifiant mieux que les « moins apprenants » les leviers d’action (P) à mettre en œuvre.
51. Colloque ASRDLF : Métropolisation, cohésion et performance, quels futurs pour nos territoires ?
Marne La Vallée, France

hal-01606460
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01606460
PRODINRA : 387727

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND:In French Guiana, cervical cancer is the second most frequent cancer in females. The objective of the present study was to describe the prevalence of HPV infections in women with normal cervical cytology living in the remote villages of French Guiana.METHODS:Before the study, the study team communicated in the remote villages on the importance of screening. All women from the target population were offered to participate. They signed informed consent during inclusion and then had a concomitant HPV-test and cervical smear. Only women with normal cytology and a good quality smear were analyzed. The detection of HPV-DNA was performed using the GREINER-BIO-ONE kit.RESULTS:Overall, 27.2% of women with normal cervical cytology had a positive HPV-test. There was a U-shaped evolution of prevalence with women over 50 years having the highest HPV prevalence, followed by the 20 to 29 years group. The most prevalent HPV genotypes were HPV 53(3.52%), 68(3.33%), 52(2.59%), 31(2.22%) and 16 (1.85%). The proportion of HPV 16 among HPV-infected women was 6.8%.CONCLUSIONS:HPV prevalence in cytologically normal women was very high. The most prevalent genotypes were very different from what is usually described in the world, and notably in South America.
ISSN: 1471-2458

pasteur-01583545
https://hal-riip.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01583545
https://hal-riip.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01583545/document
https://hal-riip.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01583545/file/2017%20Adenis%20et%20al.BMC%20Public%20Health.pdf
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa0808516

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
STUDY QUESTION: Is there evidence at the population level of associations between different male genital disorders, outside Scandinavian countries? SUMMARY ANSWER: At an international scale, there is evidence for a number of correlations between rates of four male reproductive disorders (hypospadias, cryptorchidism, testicular cancer and low sperm concentration). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Some associations between these outcomes have been shown in studies focusing on individuals and mainly in Nordic European countries. These associations, together with histological evidence of a dysgenesis pattern in testicular tissue specimens, have generated the concept of the existence of a 'testicular dysgenesis syndrome' originating in utero. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: This is a geographical correlation study using cancer, malformations rates and sperm quality data collected between the years 1998 and 2005. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Incidence rates of testicular cancer were extracted from International Agency for Research on Cancer registries and Globocan, while cryptorchidism and hypospadias prevalence rates were obtained from EUROCAT and International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research registries. Sperm concentration data were extracted from recent studies using standardized methodology. A total of 39 registries and 9 sperm studies were selected. Non-parametric Spearman correlation tests were used to test the association between these four disorders. Correlations were computed for all registries together, for registries with high-quality matching coverage only and by continents. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted using data from prospective clinical studies to take into account potential bias related mainly to ascertainment of malformation rates. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: We found positive correlations between testicular cancer and hypospadias (r = 0.32, P = 0.05) and between hypospadias and cryptorchidism (r = 0.70, P = 0.008). Stronger correlations were observed when using registries with high-quality matching coverage. Among these registries, differences between Europe and the rest of the world appeared (the positive correlation between testicular cancer and cryptorchidism was stronger outside Europe, r = 0.83, P = 0.01 compared with 0.40, P = 0.60 for European registries). A negative correlation between testicular cancer and sperm concentration was observed (r = -0.88, P = 0.002). These correlations support our initial hypothesis but remain only suggestive due to the intrinsic limitations in the study design (i.e. geographical correlation study) and do not allow causal inference. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: Differences in the ascertainment of malformations rates (definition, length of follow-up) make the international comparison difficult. The small number of registries for some conditions (cryptorchidism) or of studies (for sperm quality) and the absence of information about major risk factors such as ethnicity and socioeconomic status in the registries are also limitations. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: Our findings are in agreement with results of studies focusing on individuals and suggest that shared risk factors are present in the populations studied.
ISSN: 0268-1161

inserm-00863412
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00863412
DOI : 10.1093/humrep/det111
PUBMED : 23670171