Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Numerous social network mining methods have been proposed until now for addressing social mining tasks and specially searching for communities or frequent social patterns. However, the degree of complementarity of these methods has been very little studied. In this paper, we focus on two knowledge extraction processes in social networks: a link-based clustering that may extract social communities and a recent approach that searches for frequent conceptual link involving both clustering and search for frequent social patterns. We explore how the models extracted by each method may match and which potential useful knowledge they may provide. Our objective is to evaluate the potential relationships between communities and frequent conceptual links. For this purpose, we propose a set of measures for evaluating the degree to which these patterns extracted from the same dataset are matching. Our approach is applied on two datasets and demonstrates the importance of considering simultaneously various kinds of knowledge and their complementarity.
IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining
Niagara falls, Canada

hal-00874351
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00874351

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BMJ Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: The association between lung cancer and occupational exposure to organic solvents is discussed. Since different solvents are often used simultaneously, it is difficult to assess the role of individual substances. OBJECTIVES: The present study is focused on an in-depth investigation of the potential association between lung cancer risk and occupational exposure to a large group of organic solvents, taking into account the well-known risk factors for lung cancer, tobacco smoking and occupational exposure to asbestos. METHODS: We analysed data from the Investigation of occupational and environmental causes of respiratory cancers (ICARE) study, a large French population-based case-control study, set up between 2001 and 2007. A total of 2276 male cases and 2780 male controls were interviewed, and long-life occupational history was collected. In order to overcome the analytical difficulties created by multiple correlated exposures, we carried out a novel type of analysis based on Bayesian profile regression. RESULTS: After analysis with conventional logistic regression methods, none of the 11 solvents examined were associated with lung cancer risk. Through a profile regression approach, we did not observe any significant association between solvent exposure and lung cancer. However, we identified clusters at high risk that are related to occupations known to be at risk of developing lung cancer, such as painters. CONCLUSIONS: Organic solvents do not appear to be substantial contributors to the occupational risk of lung cancer for the occupations known to be at risk
ISSN: 1351-0711

hal-01282444
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01282444
DOI : 10.1136/oemed-2015-103177
PUBMED : 26911986

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer
Résumé : International audience
he search for frequent conceptual links (FCL) is a new network clustering approach that exploits both the network structure and the node properties. While recent works have been focused on the optimisation of the FCL extraction, no study has been conducted on the matching or the intersections between the conceptual links and the classical clustering approach which consists in extracting communities. In this paper, we focus on these two approaches. Our objective is to evaluate the possible relationships existing between FCL and communities to understand how the patterns obtained by each kind of methods may match as well as the useful knowledge resulting from the intersections of these two kinds of knowledge. For this purpose, we propose a set of original measures, based on the notion of homogeneity, assessing the level of shared information between these patterns when they are extracted from the same dataset. The measures are applied on three datasets and demonstrate the importance of considering simultaneously various kinds of knowledge and their intersections.
ISSN: 1869-5450

hal-01312313
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01312313
DOI : 10.1007/s13278-014-0197-1

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The Corinth Rift is the most seismically active zone in Europe. Since the year 2000, the Corinth Rift Laboratory (CRL, http://crlab.eu) consisting in a multidisciplinary natural observatory, aims at understanding the mechanics of faulting and earthquake nucleation in the Rift. Recent studies have improved our view about fault geometry and mechanics within CRL but there is still a critical need for a better knowledge of the structure at depth.In this project, we aim to analyze the complete seismological database (13 years of recordings) of CRL by using recently developed methodologies of structural imaging in order to determine, with high resolution, the local 3D structure and the earthquake locations. We perform an iterative joint determination of 3D velocity model and earthquake coordinates. P and S velocity models are estimated through a first arrival traveltime tomography by using the adjoint state method proposed by Taillandier et al. (2009). It consists in the minimization of the cost function between observed and theoretical arrival times,which is achieved by estimating the gradient of the cost function. Earthquake locations are also estimated with a linearized inversion approach by computing the gradient of the misfit function. Iterations are repeated until the cost function no longer decreases. We present preliminary results consisting in: (1) the adjustment of a 1D velocity model that is used as initial model of the 3D tomography and (2) a first attempt of the joint determination of 3D velocity model and earthquake locations.We also perform a preliminary receiver function analysis of teleseismic data recorded by the broadband stations of the CRL network. The multiscale approach (Gesret et. al., 2010) analysis of teleseismic P to S converted waves allows to analyze the signal toward the higher frequencies and thus to characterize the structure at depth with a high resolution. Our multiscale approach should give us reliable depth of interfaces beneath seismometers in the CRL area. In this first attempt, we adjust the 1D velocity model that produces a synthetic RF as similar as possible to the stack of observed RF for a subset of data. The identified interfaces could then be compared with heterogeneities imaged by the tomography.
AGU Fall Meeting
San Fransico, United States

hal-01417184
https://hal-mines-paristech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01417184

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : [b]Aim[/b][br/] [br/] The phylogeographical history of Neotropical species can be difficult to reconstruct because of superimposed Neogene and Quaternary histories, and because of taxonomic uncertainty. We analysed range-wide genetic diversity in a widespread pioneer tree species, Jacaranda copaia (Aubl.) D. Don, to characterize phylogeographical structure, date the evolutionary relationships among lineages, and evaluate the role of dispersal and vicariance in establishing the present geographical range.[br/] [br/] [br/] [b]Location[/b][br/] [br/] Guiana Shield; central, southern and western Amazon Basin; Chocó region; Central America.[br/] [br/] [br/] [b]Methods[/b][br/] [br/] We analysed nine nuclear simple sequence repeat loci (nuSSR), eight chloroplast SSRs (cpSSR), and two cpDNA intergenic sequences in 341 adult trees. Genetic differentiation at nuSSRs was inferred using Bayesian clustering. Dating of chloroplast lineage divergence was obtained using a range of published mutation rates and Bayesian coalescence analyses. Population divergence dating was performed using an isolation-with-migration model for eight loci (one cp sequence and seven nuSSRs).[br/] [br/] [br/] [b]Results[/b][br/] [br/] Nuclear SSR variation identified three geographically overlapping clusters (nu-1, nu-2, nu-3). Twelve cpDNA haplotypes were clustered into two haplogroups (cp-1, cp-2) with the central Amazon harbouring the highest diversity. Molecular dating analysis suggests that cpDNA haplotype diversification started around the end of the Pliocene (2.61 Ma on average), whereas population divergence was more recent and occurred during the mid-Quaternary (point estimates between 357 and 436 ka).[br/] [br/] [br/] [b]Main conclusions[/b][br/] [br/] The genetic variation of J. copaia in the Neotropics was shaped mainly by Pleistocene events. Chloroplast diversity did not display the expected cis/trans Andean disjunction, indicating recent dispersal. Nuclear variation revealed that separate regions share a recent history, with a centre of diversity in the central Amazon Basin. The geographical pattern of diversity is congruent with the distribution of the two subspecies, J. copaia copaia and J. copaia spectabilis, and evidence of nuSSR admixture between the two taxa supports their classification as subspecies.
ISSN: 0305-0270

hal-01032410
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032410
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02797.x

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The Corinth Rift is the most seismically active zone in Europe. The area is characterized by very localized NSextension at a rate of1.5cm/year, the occurrence of frequent and intensive microseismic crises and occasionalmoderate to large earthquakes like in 1995 (Mw=6.1).Since the year 2000, the Corinth Rift Laboratory (CRL, http://crlab.eu) consisting in a multidisciplinary naturalobservatory, aims at understanding the mechanics of faulting and earthquake nucleation in the Rift. Recent studieshave improved our view about fault geometry and mechanics within CRL, but there is still a critical need for a betterknowledge of the structure at depth both for the accuracy of earthquake locations and for mechanical interpretationof the seismicity.In this project, we aim to analyze the complete seismological database (13 years of recordings) of CRL by usingrecently developed methodologies of structural imaging, in order to determine at the same time and with highresolution, the local 3D structure and the earthquake locations.We perform an iterative joint determination of 3D velocity model and earthquake coordinates. In a first step, Pand S velocity models are determined using first arrival time tomography method proposed by Taillandier et al.(2009). It consists in the minimization of the cost function between observed and theoretical arrival times which isachieved by the steepest descent method (e.g. Tarantola 1987). This latter requires computing the gradient of thecost function by using the adjoint state method (Chavent 1974). In a second step, earthquakes are located in thenew velocity model with a non-linear inversion method based on a Bayesian formulation (Gesret et al. 2015). Step1 and 2 are repeated until the cost function no longer decreases.We present preliminary results consisting in: (1) the adjustement of a 1D velocity model that is used as initialmodel of the 3D tomography and (2) a first attempt of the joint determination of 3D velocity model and earthquakelocation.In addition to the tomographic imaging, we perform a preliminary receiver function analysis of teleseismic datarecorded by the broadband stations of the CRL network. The RF analysis should provide the interface depthsbeneath seismometers and increase the imaging resolution of the upper crustal structures provided by the 3Dtomography. In this first attempt, we adjust the 1D velocity model that produces a synthetic RF as similar aspossible to the observed RF for a subset of data. We compare the identified interfaces with structures imaged bythe tomography.
EGU general assembly 2016
Vienne, Austria

hal-01306224
https://hal-mines-paristech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01306224

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
We present the principle and the main steps of a new method for the visuo-spatial analysis of geometrical sketches recorded online. Visuo-spatial analysis is a necessary step for multi-level analysis. Multi-level analysis simultaneously allows classification, comparison or clustering of the constituent parts of a pattern according to their visuo-spatial properties, their procedural strategies, their structural or temporal parameters, or any combination of two or more of those parameters. The first results provided by this method concern the comparison of sketches to some perfect patterns of simple geometrical figures and the measure of dissimilarity between real sketches. The mean rates of good decision higher than 95% obtained are promising in both cases.
Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Image Processing, Computer Vision, & Pattern Recognition

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
hal-00514929
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00514929
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00514929/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00514929/file/IPCV2010_-_RRP.pdf
ARXIV : 1305.1520

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
The Western Indian Ocean harbors one of theworld’s most diverse marine biota yet is threatened byexploitation with few conservation measures in place.Primary candidates for conservation in the region are theScattered Islands (Iles Eparses), a group of relativelypristine and uninhabited islands in the MozambiqueChannel. However, while optimal conservation strategiesdepend on the degree of population connectivity amongspatially isolated habitats, very few studies have beenconducted in the area. Here, we use highly variablemicrosatellite markers from two damselfishes (Amphiprionakallopisos and Dascyllus trimaculatus) with differing lifehistory traits [pelagic larval duration (PLD), adult habitat]to compare genetic structure and connectivity among theseislands using classic population structure indices as well asBayesian clustering methods. All classical fixation indexesFST, RST, G0ST, and Jost’s D show stronger genetic differentiationamong islands for A. akallopisos compared to D.trimaculatus, consistent with the former species’ shorterPLD and stronger adult site attachment, which may restrictlarval dispersal potential. In agreement with these results,the Bayesian analysis revealed clear genetic differentiationamong the islands in A. akallopisos, separating the southerngroup (Bassas da India and Europa) from the center(Juan de Nova) and northern (Iles Glorieuses) islands, butnot for D. trimaculatus. Local oceanographic patterns suchas eddies that occur along the Mozambique Channel appearto parallel the results reported for A. akallopisos, but suchfeatures seem to have little effect on the genetic differentiationof D. trimaculatus. The contrasting patterns ofgenetic differentiation between species within the samefamily highlight the importance of accounting for diverselife history traits when assessing community-wide connectivity,an increasingly common consideration in conservationplanning.
ISSN: 0722-4028

hal-01561992
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01561992
DOI : 10.1007/s00338-016-1495-z

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Background Although the French eating model may differ from those of other countries, no studies to date have investigated dietary patterns in a wide age range of adults and at the national level. We aimed to identify dietary patterns (DP) of French adults and assess their associations with demographic, socio-economic and behavioural factors. Methods The present study included 2624 adults (1087 men, 1537 women) aged 18–79 years from the cross-sectional national French INCA2 dietary survey. Dietary data were collected using a 7-day estimated food record. Clusters of DP were derived using principal component analysis and clustering, conjointly. Age-adjusted logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association between DP and correlates. Results Five DP were identified, namely ‘traditional’, ‘prudent’, ‘diversified’, ‘processed’ and ‘sandwiches’. Men were more likely to follow a traditional diet and women the ‘prudent’ pattern. Members of the ‘processed’ and ‘sandwiches’ patterns were younger compared to non-members. Healthier dietary patterns were overall positively associated with a higher socio-economic position, healthier behaviours (in terms of sedentary behaviours and smoking status) and lower body mass index. Under-reporting of energy intake, restrictive diet to lose weight and dietary supplement consumption were also related to specific DP, although differentially in men and women. Associations with contextual factors (i.e. household composition, agglomeration size and region) were also observed. Conclusions The identification of adults’ dietary patterns and associated behaviours (all modifiable) is important for the conceptualisation of multi-behavioural programs. The additional information on social and environmental correlates is also essential for targeting the most vulnerable population groups in the context of such public health interventions
ISSN: 0952-3871

hal-01299975
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01299975
DOI : 10.1111/jhn.12315
PUBMED : 25233099

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The aim of this study is to perform a simulation of large scale Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) working on medical diagnosis. The main feature of this WSN is its density and the fact that all sensors are in the same radio range. Our approach helps medical staff to diagnose diseases in an automatic way. In this context, each patient is equipped to a set of sensors. Each sensor is connected to a transducer dedicated to measure a specific health parameter . This WSN will perform some computations and run an alarm when some diseases are suspected. This technique is based on the population protocol to handle data exchanged between sensors. This approach is in fact an efficient distributed algorithm which implies that the diagnose may be done by any sensor dealing with the disease detection. The main result of this paper is: the method supports large scalability which proves its practicability for real cases.
Computers and Communications (ISCC), 2010 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications.
Riccione, Italy

hal-00519595
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00519595

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
In this paper we describe the various steps of a method using local descriptors in order to classify freehand sketches, which are drawn in an unconstrained manner and recorded online. Our final objective is to simultaneously allow classification, comparison or clustering of those elements according to their Visuo spatial properties, their realization strategies, their structural or temporal parameters, or any combination of two or more of those parameters. The context and the motivation of this work-in-progress are described. First, we'll explain the detection step: we decided to use a mixed segmentation process. Indeed recognition methods based on local descriptor are not fully adapted to our types of shapes and to the one-line context. Later, we will show how we plan to give a global perception of the shape to our local descriptor by using segmentation results. Then we will introduce the local descriptor and how it is computing. Next we'll explain how we calculate the dissimilarity between two descriptors. Finally, we'll describe the approach we have chosen to determine the dissimilarity between shapes represented by sets of local descriptors.
Proceedings of the 14th Biennial Conference of the International Graphonomics Society

hal-00514930
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00514930

Éditeur(s) : Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle
Résumé : Two new species of the deep-sea genus Acanthocope (A. carinata n. sp. et A. annata n. sp.) were collected in the North Atlantic abyssal plain. Phenetic relationships between the 10 species of this genus are studied utilising 34 morphological features by way of a numerical taxonomic approach (cluster and principal components analysis). Results are discussed through biogeographical considerations. [NOT CONTROLLED OCR]
DescriPtion de deux espèces nouvelles d'Isopode Asellote, Acanthocope armata n. sp. et A. carinata n. sp., récoltées dans la plaine abyssale de l'Atlantique nord. Recherche des affinités systématiques entre espèces du genre Acanthocope Beddard, 1885, par l'application des méthodes de la taxinomie numérique. Considérations biogéographiques. [OCR NON CONTRÔLE]
Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle), 1972 , Vol. 36 , N. 30 , P. 379-393

Droits : Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1972/publication-5031.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/5031/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : Question: To establish a habitat classification based on functional group co-occurrence that may help the drawing up of conservation plans. Location: Riverine forest fragments in the Grand-duché de Luxembourg, Europe. Methods: Forest fragments were surveyed for their abundance of vascular plants. These were clustered into emergent groups according to 14 life-traits related 10 plant dispersal, establishment and persistence. Forest fragments were classified according to similar distribution of the identified emergent groups. Environmental factors were related to the emergent group richness in each forest type using generalized linear models. Results: Contrary to former species centred classification, only two groups of forests, each with clearly different emergent group composition and conservation requirements. Were detected: (1) swamp forests characterized by anemogamous perennials, annuals and hydrochorous perennials and (2) moist forests characterized by barochorous perennials, small geophytes and zoochorous phanerophytes. From a conservation point of view, priority should he given to large swamp forest with intact flooding regimes his is in accordance with the high wind and water dispersal capacities of their typical emergent groups. For the moist forests. conservation priorities should he high forest connectivity and historical continuity since dispersal and establishment of their characteristic emergent groups arc highly limited. Conclusions: The described methodology, situated at an intermediate integration level between the individual species and whole community descriptors. takes advantage of both conservation plans built for single species and the synthetic power of bread ecological measures.
ISSN: 1402-2001

hal-01031884
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01031884

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy F
Résumé : JEL classification: C40, C60, L60, R12
We propose new methods for evaluating the spatial distribution of firms. To assess whether firms are concentrated or dispersed, economists have tradi-tionally used indices that analyse the heterogeneity of a spatial structure at a single geographic level. We introduce distance-based methods, Besag's L function (derived from Ripley's K function) and Diggle and Chetwynd's D function to describe simultaneously spatial distribution at different geographical scales. Our empirical applications consider the distribution of French manufacturing firms in the Paris area and in France generally. For some geographic levels, results show significant concentration or dispersion of firms according to their sector of activity.
ISSN: 1468-2702

halshs-00372646
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00372646

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag/EDP Sciences
Résumé : International audience
Key message: Genetic diversity appears to be unaffected by disturbance in a stand of the light-demanding Neotropical treeV. michelii. Although spatial genetic structure is modified in post-disturbance cohorts, mixing of seeds from different mother trees in canopy gaps appears to efficiently maintain genetic admixture. Context: The interplay between genetic and demographic processes has major consequences on population viability. Population size affects demographic trends, while genetic diversity insures viability by reducing risks of inbreeding depression and by maintaining adaptive potential. Yet, the consequences of increases in census size (as opposed to effective size) on genetic diversity of forest populations are poorly known. Aims: We have studied the structure of genetic diversity in populations of saplings of the light-responsive tree, Virola michelii (Myristicaceae, the nutmeg family), in two plots having undergone different levels of canopy-gap opening disturbance. This allowed us to test the “intermediate disturbance” hypothesis, which generally applies to species diversity, at the intra-specific scale. Methods: Levels and distribution of genetic diversity were compared between plots and between life stages. Sapling parentage was analysed to infer each adult tree’s contribution to regeneration. Results: Genetic diversity was higher, and spatial genetic structure was stronger in the post-disturbance than in the control seedling population. Parentage analysis suggested that a limited number of parents contributed to most of the regeneration, but that efficient mixing of their progeny may have enhanced the diversity of saplings occupying canopy gaps. Conclusion: A mixture of demo-genetic processes may contribute to maintain genetic diversity in spite of, or possibly due to, ecosystem disturbance in V. michelii.
ISSN: 1286-4560

hal-01502942
https://hal-agroparistech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01502942
https://hal-agroparistech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01502942/document
https://hal-agroparistech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01502942/file/art_10.1007_s13595-015-0508-3-1_%7B869D58F4-272C-491F-A903-DAD6CDBDC042%7D.pdf
DOI : 10.1007/s13595-015-0508-3

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
In this paper, we use a multifractal approach based on the computation of two spectrums for image analysis and texture segmentation problems. The two spectrums are the Legendre Spectrum, determined by classical methods, and the Large Deviation Spectrum, determined by kernel density estimation. We propose a way for the fusion of these two spectrums to improve textured image segmentation results. An unsupervised k-means is used as clustering approach for the texture classification. The algorithm is applied on mosaic image built using IKONOS images and various natural textures from the Brodatz album. The segmentation obtained with our approach gives better results than the application of each spectrum separately.
CIARP Proceedings
Cancun, Mexico

hal-00602268
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00602268

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD INSEE
Résumé : National audience
L'agglomération des activités économiques est indéniable (Krugman, 1991) et chacun peut aisément citer des exemples de quartiers spécialisés au sein des villes ou des clusters d'activités par exemple. L'explication des phénomènes d'agglomération semble être à présent bien appréhendée théoriquement (Fujita et al., 1999 ; Fujita et Thisse, 2002) mais les recherches empiriques ne semblent pas avoir atteint un tel stade de maturité (Rosenthal et Strange, 2004, Ellison et al., 2010 ; Gibbons et al., 2014). Durant la dernière décennie, de nombreuses recherches en économie spatiale ont porté sur les mesures de concentration géographique. Les économistes retenaient traditionnellement des mesures reposant sur un zonage du territoire (comme l'indice de Gini) mais des travaux récents ont montré que discrétiser l'espace pouvait engendrer des biais (Briant et al., 2010). L'utilisation de mesures fondées sur les distances (séparant les entités analysées) et non sur un zonage est aujourd'hui recommandée (Combes et al., 2006). Notre contribution méthodologique montre qu'une attention particulière doit encore être portée à la définition de la concentration spatiale pour évaluer l'agglomération des activités économiques. À partir de la localisation des commerces de détail sur l'aire urbaine de Lyon notamment, nous montrons, en utilisant trois mesures de concentration récemment introduites en économie spatiale (Kd, D et M), que les résultats obtenus ne convergent pas systématiquement. Cette différence dans les estimations provient de la définition de la concentration spatiale retenue qui peut être absolue (présence importante d'activités), topographique (densité élevée d'activités) ou relative (surreprésentation de certaines activités). Nous recommandons alors que le choix de la mesure de concentration soit suffisamment motivé d'un point de vue théorique pour apprécier correctement le phénomène analysé et ainsi apporter une évaluation satisfaisante de la distribution étudiée.
ISSN: 0336-1454

hal-01118488
https://hal-agroparistech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01118488

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
INTRODUCTION: In order to study social health inequalities, contextual (or ecologic) data may constitute an appropriate alternative to individual socioeconomic characteristics. Indices can be used to summarize the multiple dimensions of the neighborhood socioeconomic status. This work proposes a statistical procedure to create a neighborhood socioeconomic index. METHODS: The study setting is composed of three French urban areas. Socioeconomic data at the census block scale come from the 1999 census. Successive principal components analyses are used to select variables and create the index. Both metropolitan area-specific and global indices are tested and compared. Socioeconomic categories are drawn with hierarchical clustering as a reference to determine "optimal" thresholds able to create categories along a one-dimensional index. RESULTS: Among the twenty variables finally selected in the index, 15 are common to the three metropolitan areas. The index explains at least 57% of the variance of these variables in each metropolitan area, with a contribution of more than 80% of the 15 common variables. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed procedure is statistically justified and robust. It can be applied to multiple geographical areas or socioeconomic variables and provides meaningful information to public health bodies. We highlight the importance of the classification method. We propose an R package in order to use this procedure.
ISSN: 1475-9276

inserm-00809310
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00809310
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00809310/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00809310/file/1475-9276-12-21.pdf
DOI : 10.1186/1475-9276-12-21

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Although widely used, area-based deprivation indices remain sensitive to urban-rural differences as such indices are usually standardised around typical urban values. There is, therefore, a need to determine to what extent available deprivation indices can be used legitimately over both urban and rural areas. METHODS: This study was carried out in Brittany, France, a relatively affluent region that contains deep rural areas. Among the 1,736 residential census block groups (IRIS) composing the Brittany region, 1,005 (57.9%) are rural. Four deprivation indices were calculated: two scores (Carstairs and Townsend) developed in the UK and two more recent French measures (Havard and Rey). Two standardisation levels were considered: all of the IRIS and only the urban IRIS of the region. Internal validity (Kappa coefficients and entropy values) and external validity (relationship with colorectal cancer screening [CCS] attendance) were investigated. RESULTS: Regardless of the deprivation measure used, wealthy areas are mostly clustered in the West and at the outskirts of major towns. Carstairs and Rey scores stand out by all evaluation criteria, capturing both urban and rural deprivation. High levels of agreements were found across standardisation levels (κ = 0.96). The distributions of deprivation scores were balanced across urban and rural areas, and high Shannon entropy values were observed in the capital city (≥0.93). Similar and significant negative trends were observed between CCS attendance and both deprivation indices, independent of the degree of urbanisation. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide support, despite potential sociological objections, for the use of a compromise index that would facilitate comparisons and interpretations across urban and rural locations in public health research.
ISSN: 1476-072X

hal-01063904
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01063904
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01063904/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01063904/file/1476-072X-13-22.pdf
PUBMED : 24929662

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Forecasting of sea-state characteristics, with warning time of a few hours, appears a necessity in Operational Oceanography. linking sophisticated marine monitoring systems with forecasting modeling tools. In this paper, instead of using conventional numerical models, a Takagi-Sugeno-rule-based Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) was developed aiming at forecasting wave parameters based on the wind speed and direction, and the lagged-wave characteristics. Initial and final antecedent fuzzy membership functions were identified using the subtractive clustering method. The model was applied on the wind and wave dataset recorded in years 2000-2006 by an oceanographic buoy deployed in the Aegean Sea. The model showed perfect fit for the training period (2000-2005; 12,274 data points), and expanded its hindcasting ability during 2006 (1044 data points), as the verification part of the series. Model results, for a lead time of 3 h, showed good agreement between the predicted and the observed significant wave height (RMSE=0.216) and zero-up-crossing period (RMSE=0.315). According to other model performance criteria, the fuzzy model slightly underpredicted both wave characteristics (the linear regression slope was 0.911 for wave height and 0.788 for wave period), and reduced its forecasting ability at higher prediction intervals (+6 to + 12 h). Overall, model results illustrated that the developed FIS could serve as a valuable tool for the operational prediction of wave characteristics in Northern Aegean Sea, through the utilization of the POSEIDON network.
ISSN: 0029-8018

hal-00456020
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00456020
DOI : 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2009.08.016