Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Fault affecting silicoclastic sediments are commonly enriched in clay minerals. Clays are sensitive to fluid–rock interactions and deformation mechanisms; in this paper, they are used as proxy for fault activity and behavior. The present study focuses on clay mineral assemblages from the Point Vert normal fault zone located in the Annot sandstones, a Priabonian-Rupelian turbidite succession of the Alpine foredeep in SE France. In this area, the Annot sandstones were buried around 6–8 km below the front of Alpine nappes soon after their deposition and exhumed during the middle-late Miocene. The fault affects arkosic sandstone beds alternating with pelitic layers, and displays throw of about thirty meters. The fault core zone comprises intensely foliated sandstones bounding a corridor of gouge about 20 cm thick. The foliated sandstones display clay concentration along S–C structures characterized by dissolution of K-feldspar and their replacement by mica, associated with quartz pressure solution, intense microfracturation and quartz vein precipitation. The gouge is formed by a clayey matrix containing fragments of foliated sandstones and pelites. However, a detailed petrographical investigation suggests complex polyphase deformation processes. Optical and SEM observations show that the clay minerals fraction of all studied rocks (pelites and sandstones from the damage and core zones of the fault) is dominated by white micas and chlorite. These minerals have two different origins: detrital and newly-formed. Detrital micas are identified by their larger shape and their chemical composition with a lower Fe–Mg content than the newly-formed white micas. In the foliated sandstones, newly-formed white micas are concentrated along S–C structures or replace K-feldspar. Both types of newly formed micas display the same chemical composition confirmed microstructural observations suggesting that they formed in the same conditions. They have the following structural formulas: Na0.05 K0.86 (Al 1.77 Fe0.08 Mg0.15) (Si3.22 Al0.78) O10 (OH)2. They are enriched in Fe and Mg compared to the detrital micas. Newly-formed chlorites are associated with micas along the shear planes. According to microprobe analyses, they present the following structural formula: (Al1,48 Fe2,50 Mg1,84) (Si2,82 Al1,18) O10 (OH)8. All these data suggest that these clay minerals are synkinematic and registered the fault activity. In the gouge samples, illite and chlorite are the major clay minerals; smectite is locally present in some samples.In the foliated sandstones, Kubler Index (KI) ((001) XRD peak width at half height) data and thermodynamic calculations from synkinematic chlorite chemistry suggest that the main fault deformation occurred under temperatures around 220 °C (diagenesis to anchizone boundary). KI measured on pelites and sandstones from the hanging and footwall, display similar values coherent with the maximal burial temperature of the Annot sandstones in this area. The gouge samples have a higher KI index, which could be explained by a reactivation of the fault at lower temperatures during the exhumation of the Annot sandstones formation
ISSN: 0191-8141

hal-01172423
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01172423
DOI : 10.1016/j.jsg.2015.03.012

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Endocrine Society
Résumé : International audience
Transcriptional regulation by the estrogen receptor-alpha(ER) has been investigated mainly in breast cancer cell lines, but estrogens such as 17 beta-estradiol (E2) exert numerous extrareproductive effects, particularly in the liver, where E2 exhibits both protective metabolic and deleterious thrombotic actions. To analyze the direct and early transcriptional effects of estrogens in the liver, we determined the E2-sensitive transcriptome and ER cistrome in mice after acute administration of E2 or placebo. These analyses revealed the early induction of genes involved in lipid metabolism, which fits with the crucial role of ER in the prevention of liver steatosis. Characterization of the chromatin state of ER binding sites (BSs) in mice expressing or not ER demonstrated that ER is not required per se for the establishment and/or maintenance of chromatin modifications at the majority of its BSs. This is presumably a consequence of a strong overlap between ER and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha BSs. In contrast, 40% of the BSs of the pioneer factor forkhead box protein a (Foxa2) were dependent upon ER expression, and ER expression also affected the distribution of nucleosomes harboring dimethylated lysine 4 of Histone H3 around Foxa2 BSs. We finally show that, in addition to a network of liver-specific transcription factors including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha, ER might be required for proper Foxa2 function in this tissue.
ISSN: 0888-8809

hal-01357623
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01357623
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01357623/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01357623/file/Changes%20in%20gene%20expression%201%20and%20Estrogen%20Receptor_accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1210/me.2015-1311

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a cytokine belonging to the IL-1 family, is crucially involved in inflammatory pathologies including liver injury and linked to various modes of cell death. However, a link between IL-33 and necroptosis or programmed necrosis in liver pathology remains elusive. We aimed to investigate the regulation of IL-33 during necroptosis-associated liver injury. The possible regulation of IL-33 during liver injury by receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) was investigated in mice in vivo and in hepatic stellate cells in vitro. The liver immunohistopathology, flow cytometry, serum transaminase measurement, ELISA, and qPCR-based cytokine measurement were carried out. By using a chemical approach, we showed that pretreatment of mice with Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) (inhibitor of RIPK1) and/or PJ34 (inhibitor of PARP-1) significantly protected mice against concanavalin A (ConA) liver injury (aspartate amino-transferase (AST)/alanine amino-transferase (ALT)) associated with down-regulated hepatocyte-specific IL-33 expression. In contrast, the expression level of most systemic cytokines (except for IL-6) or activation of liver immune cells was not altered by chemical inhibitors rather an increased infiltration of neutrophils in the liver. During polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C))-induced acute hepatitis, liver injury and hepatocyte-specific IL-33 expression was also inhibited by PJ34 without any protective effect of PJ34 in CCl4-induced liver injury. Moreover, PJ34 down-regulated the protein expression of IL-33 in activated hepatic stellate cells by cocktail of cytokines or staurosporine in vitro. In conclusion, we evidenced that the Nec-1/PJ34 is a potent inhibitor of liver injury and Nec-1/PJ34 down-regulated hepatocyte-specific IL-33 expression in the liver in vivo or in hepatic stellate cells in vitro, suggesting IL-33 as a possible readout of necroptosis-involved liver pathologies. Necroptosis inhibitors can protect mice against liver injury induced by ConA or Poly(I:C). IL-33 expression in liver injury in vivo is inhibited by PJ34. IL-33 expression in hepatic stellate cells in vitro is inhibited by PJ34. Hepatocyte-specific IL-33 expression is down-regulated by Nec-1/PJ34 during hepatitis. IL-33 is a new marker of necroptosis-associated liver injuries.
ISSN: 0946-2716

hal-01134319
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01134319
DOI : 10.1007/s00109-015-1270-6
PUBMED : 25747661

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Résumé : International audience
Chronic low grade inflammation is closely linked to obesity-associated insulin resistance. To examine how administration of the anti-inflammatory compound indomethacin, a general cyclooxygenase inhibitor, affected obesity development and insulin sensitivity, we fed obesity-prone male C57BL/6J mice a high fat/high sucrose (HF/HS) diet or a regular diet supplemented or not with indomethacin (±INDO) for 7 weeks. Development of obesity, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance was monitored, and the effect of indomethacin on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was measured in vivo and in vitro using MIN6 β-cells. We found that supplementation with indomethacin prevented HF/HS-induced obesity and diet-induced changes in systemic insulin sensitivity. Thus, HF/HS+INDO-fed mice remained insulin-sensitive. However, mice fed HF/HS+INDO exhibited pronounced glucose intolerance. Hepatic glucose output was significantly increased. Indomethacin had no effect on adipose tissue mass, glucose tolerance, or GSIS when included in a regular diet. Indomethacin administration to obese mice did not reduce adipose tissue mass, and the compensatory increase in GSIS observed in obese mice was not affected by treatment with indomethacin. We demonstrate that indomethacin did not inhibit GSIS per se, but activation of GPR40 in the presence of indomethacin inhibited glucose-dependent insulin secretion in MIN6 cells. We conclude that constitutive high hepatic glucose output combined with impaired GSIS in response to activation of GPR40-dependent signaling in the HF/HS+INDO-fed mice contributed to the impaired glucose clearance during a glucose challenge and that the resulting lower levels of plasma insulin prevented the obesogenic action of the HF/HS diet.
The journal of biological chemistry

hal-01063926
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01063926
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M113.525220

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Society for Investigative Pathology
Résumé : International audience
Recent studies suggest that psoriasis may be more severe in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, particularly in those with the inflammatory stage of steatohepatitis [nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)]. Herein, we investigated the impact of diet-induced steatohepatitis on the severity of imiquimod-induced psoriasiform dermatitis. Mice fed with a high-fat diet developed steatohepatitis reminiscent of human NASH with ballooning hepatocytes and significant liver fibrosis. Mice with steatohepatitis also displayed moderate cutaneous inflammation characterized by erythema, dermalinfiltrates of CD45(+) leukocytes, and a local production of IL-17A. Moreover, steatohepatitis was associated with an epidermal activation of caspase-1 and cutaneous overexpression of IL-1 beta. Imiquimod-induced psoriasiform dermatitis was exacerbated in mice with steatohepatitis as compared to animals fed with a standard diet. Scale formation and acanthosis were aggravated, in correlation with increased IL-17A and IL-22 expression in inflamed skins. Finally, intradermal injection of IL-17A in standard diet-fed mice recapitulated the cutaneous pathology of mice with steatohepatitis. The results show that high-fat diet induced steatohepatitis aggravates the inflammation in psoriasiform dermatitis, via the cutaneous production of IL-17A. In agreement with clinical data, this description of a novel extrahepatic manifestation of NASH should sensitize dermatologists to the screening and the management of fatty liver in psoriatic patients.
ISSN: 0002-9440

hal-01390977
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01390977
DOI : 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.05.012
PUBMED : 27423696

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Despite the recent interest in psychiatric illness in prison, the psychopathology of the Remire-Montjoly prison population remains largely unknown. Subject to significant population movements, French Guiana and its prison houses a very mixed population in which recent history has left a strong mark (earthquake in Haïti, civil war in Suriname, violence related to gold mining population and drug trafficking). These negative life events appear as potential vectors of psychological trauma. Additionally, strong links have been established in the literature between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and many other psychiatric disorders, including suicidal behavior and addictions. Under these conditions, we felt it essential to focus on the identification of PTSD in this sensitive population.Through adapted reception interviews, we tried to identify the PTSD, to describe by means of socio-demographic factors the studied population and to detect psychiatric comorbidities. The screening tool was the M.I.N.I. 5.0, which identifies 17 psychiatric disorders including the PTSD, based on the DSM IV definition. The target population was the prison incomers, agreeing to participate in the study, aged more than 18 years old and imprisoned between 18 January 2013 and 31 December 2013. To this date, 549 inmates were included in the study.The main result of this study was a prevalence of PTSD of 17% for incomers in detention. We found that the PTSD+ population is more likely to be female (15% against 7% p = 0.0246), which is consistent with the literature data. The M.I.N.I. 5.0 showed a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the PTSD+ group. This association was confirmed in several types of pathology like mood disorders including: major depressive episode and manic or hypomanic episode, suicidal risk, some anxiety disorders including: panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Strong association was found for current major depressive episode, current manic or hypomanic episode and suicidal risk (p < 0.005).The prevalence of PTSD is very high in this study, about 24 times higher than in a general population survey using the same screening tool.A large number of comorbidities have been identified, which corresponds to those described in the literature. The specific issues of psychiatry in prison lead us to examine more specifically the significance of the results about suicide risk. A comprehensive suicide risk (sum of medium and high risk screened by the M.I.N.I.) was found in significantly more PTSD+ inmates (17% versus 7%, p = 0.005). This study supports the need for routine screening of PTSD among incomers in detention. This disease is both worrying and common in this population but the real issues are the comorbidities. Suicidal potential is among the most important issues in detention. Its evaluation should be completed by an early recognition of a PTSD.
Soumis à des mouvements de population importants, la Guyane Française et son centre pénitentiaire abritentune population métissée chez qui l’histoire récente a laissé une empreinte forte (tremblement de terre en Haïti,guerre civile au Suriname, violence liée à l’orpaillage et au trafic de stupéfiants). Ces événements de vienégatifs apparaissent comme autant de vecteurs potentiels de psychotraumatismes. Dans ces conditions, il nous a paru essentiel de mettre l’accent sur le repérage du TSPT (Trouble de Stress Post-traumatique) dans cette population sensible. A l'aide d’entretiens d’accueil dédiés nous nous sommes proposé de repérer les TSPT, de décrire sur un plan sociodémographique la population étudiée et de rechercher les comorbidités psychiatriques. Le résultat principal de cette étude était une prévalence du TSPT de 17% chez les arrivants en détention. Le MINI 5.0 a montré une prévalence plus élevée des pathologies psychiatriques dans le groupe présentant un TSPT avec un lien très fort (p<0.005) pour l’épisode dépressif majeur actuel, l’épisode (hypo)maniaque actuel et le risque suicidaire. Cette étude appuie la nécessité d’avoir un dépistage systématique du TSPT chez les arrivants en détention. Cette pathologie est à la fois fréquente dans cette population et invalidante mais ce sont ses comorbidités, dont le potentiel suicidaire, qui font tout l’enjeu d’un repérage précoce.
ISSN: 0383-6320

inserm-01421075
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01421075
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01421075/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01421075/file/2016%2C%20Arnal%20-%20Post-Traumatic%20Stress%20Disorder%20among%20Incomers%20in%20Remire-Montjoly%20Prison%2C%20French%20Guiana.pdf
PUBMED : 27570960

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Here we show that copper substitution in perovskite-type barium strontium cobalt copper oxide (BSCC) membranes confers extremely high oxygen fluxes well beyond the state of art, reaching 27.5 ml cm−2 min−1at 950 °C. A key feature of BSCC is the formation of a mixed matrix catalyst-perovskite membrane caused by the segregation of copper, leading to the formation of an intergranular network of copper-rich oxide between perovskite grains. BSCC membranes delivered pressure normalised oxygen flux (i.e. permeance) of up to 86 times higher, above pressure difference of 18 kPa, as compared to best perovskite membrane, BBSC, due to the catalytic effect of segregated copper oxide. Unlike conventional dual-phase membranes which contain ion and electron conducting phases, this work shows for the first time perovskite-type membranes consisting of a mixed matrix of oxygen ion/electron conducting (perovskite) and catalytic (copper oxide) phases, thus paving the way to the development of high performance membranes for oxygen separation from air for clean energy applications. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
ISSN: 0376-7388

hal-01683219
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01683219
DOI : 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.12.035

Éditeur(s) : Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza ( Turrialba Costa Rica )
Résumé : (Statement of Responsibility) CATIE, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza.
"Agosto, 1978--T.p.; Mayo 1979--Cover."
"Proyecto cooperativo Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Agrícolas (ICTA), y Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE)"--Cover.
"Investigación en sistemas de producción animal para pequeñas fincas"--Cover.
Propuesta presentada al Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID).
(Funding) Electronic resources created as part of a prototype UF Institutional Repository and Faculty Papers project by the University of Florida.
Guatemala
Costa Rica
Panama
Central America
Central America

71126025

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Nutrients influence non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Essential fatty acids deficiency promotes various syndromes, including hepatic steatosis, through increased de novo lipogenesis. The mechanisms underlying such increased lipogenic response remain unidentified. METHODS: We used wild type mice and mice lacking Liver X Receptors to perform a nutrigenomic study that aimed at examining the role of these transcription factors. RESULTS: We showed that, in the absence of Liver X Receptors, essential fatty acids deficiency does not promote steatosis. Consistent with this, Liver X Receptors are required for the elevated expression of genes involved in lipogenesis in response to essential fatty acids deficiency. CONCLUSIONS: This work identifies, for the first time, the central role of Liver X Receptors in steatosis induced by essential fatty acids deficiency.
ISSN: 0168-8278

inserm-00872314
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00872314
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.01.006
PUBMED : 23333450

Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-Villars
Résumé : The distribution and behaviour of nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, silicate and phosphate) have been examined over the course of a year in two major Scottish estuaries, the Forth and Tay. Maximum concentrations of nitrate and silicate in both estuaries occur in winter, when mixing is conservative. By contrast maximum phosphate, ammonia and nitrite concentrations (notably in the Forth) are observed in summer, these are related to lower oxygen concentrations both within the water column and sediments. Phosphate, ammonia and nitrite concentrations are high in the Forth relative to the Tay. Phosphate behaviour in plots for both estuaries show some common features including removal at low salinity, mid estuary inputs and simple dilution at high salinity. The results are interpreted on the basis of removal onto particles at low salinity followed by desorption at higher salinity together with an input from sediment porewaters. In the Forth the phosphate flux from sediments during the summer is estimated to be 1.98 +/- 1.25 mmol m-2 day-1. At this time the river input of phosphorus is only 10- 14 % of the mid estuary input. Under low river flow conditions in summer a large turbidity maximum (400-500 mg l-1 suspended solids) develops in the Forth estuary and this results in removal of phosphate. Removal is less dramatic in the Tay estuary as the turbidity is wind generated and therefore rarely exceeds 100 mg 1-1. Water quality in the Forth (as defined by the occurrence of low dissolved oxygen concentrations and the presence of species such as ammonia and nitrite) is inferior to that of the Tay. Relative to contaminated estuaries however concentrations in both estuaries are low. By virtue of its high fresh water discharge the Tay is a more significant source of nitrate to the North Sea during the winter than is the Forth. In the Forth bacterial mineralisation and nitrification of organic nitrogen occurs in the upper estuary, this results in an input of nitrate and consumption of dissolved oxygen. Further downstream broad mid estuarine peaks of nitrite and ammonia are observed indicative of a benthic source. Estimates of this source for ammonia and nitrite are 19-44 and 3.9-8.1 mmol m-2 day-1 respectively. In winter the main source of nitrogen to the Forth is from the river but in summer mid estuarine sources dominate. In the outer Tay a peak in dissolved ammonia is estimated to represent an input of 0.5-1.1 tonnes N day-1, this is attributed to sewer inputs from Dundee.
Oceanologica Acta (0399-1784) (Gauthier-Villars), 1992 , Vol. 15 , N. 3 , P. 261-277

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00100/21160/18779.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00100/21160/

Résumé : Les systèmes d'élevage des petits ruminants au pâturage sont les plus répandus en zone tropicale humide mais l'exposition aux strongles gastro-intestinaux entraîne des pertes importantes de production. L'objectif de ce travail est d'évaluer un système de gestion mixte du pâturage associant diverses espèces animales permettant à priori d'accroître les performances via la réduction du parasitisme et!ou une meilleure alimentation. L'étude de la littérature a conduit à une méta-analyse confirmant de meilleures performances individuelles ou à l'hectare pour les ovins en mixte. Préalablement un dispositif visant à vérifier la non-transmission des larves d'Haemonchus contortus des caprinsaux génisses Créoles a été validé. Un second dispositif avec des chevrettes conduites en mixte, infestées ou pas par Haemonchus comortus (Ml et MnI) ont été comparées à des chevrettes contrôles infestées ou non (CI et CnI). Ce dispositif a été conduit pendant 2 ans avec des mesures du couvert pâturé, des mesures individuelles des quantités ingérées, de la digestibilité, du parasitisme et de la croissance. De plus fortes croissances ont étéobservées en pâturage mixte que les chevrettes soient infestées ou pas (43.25 et 31.68 glj pour MDI et MI vs. 32.44 et 17.91 glj) avec une moindre biomasse. Les mesures d'ingestion et d'ingéré digéré ont été corrélées aux croissances des chevrettes contrairement aux variables parasitaires et met en évidence le rôle de l'alimentation et de la résilience dans le bénéfice du pâturage mixte. Une autre gestion intégrée du pâturage a été étudiée basée sur l'utilisation du vermicompost et s' ant sur les mêmes leviers d'action: l'alimentation et le itisme
Systems of small ruminant grazing are most prevalent in the humid tropics but this environment exposes animals to gastro-intestinal with production losses. The objective ofthis thesis is to evaluate a system ofmixed management ofthe pasture combining various animal species, which allows a priori to increase animal performance by reducing the parasitism and/or better nutrition. The study of literature bas led to a meta-analysis confirming the better individual performances or calculated per ha for sheep reared mixed. The first experiment validated the non-transmission of Iarvae ofHaemonchus contortus from goats to heifers. In a second experiment, goats mixed with heifers, infested or not with Haemonchus contortus (Ml vs MnI) were compared with controls goats, reared alone, infested or not (CI and CNI). This deviee with a continuous driving was studied for two years with measurements on the sward, individual measures of intake, digestibility, parasitism and growth ofthe goats. The highest growth rates were measured with the mixed pasture as goats are infested or not (43.25 and 31.68 g / d for MN! and MI vs. 32.44 and 17,91 g / d) with lower biomass. The herbage intake and the digested herbage intake were well correlated to the growth rate, unIike parasitic variables, and highlight the role of diet in the benefit of mixed driving for goats. Therefore, the infested goats with Haemonchus, expressed greater resilience with improved growth performance compared with controls. Parallel to the study ofmixed pasture, another integrated management of grazing was studied, based on the use of vermicompost and relying on the same levers. namelv throuzh feedinz and parasitism

http://www.theses.fr/2012AGUY0537/document

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Coastal aquifers often display seawater intrusion resulting in the formation of a salty water wedge progressing inland. This study investigates the mass transfers in the mixing zone at the freshwater-seawater interface where the water is out of equilibrium with the rock-forming carbonates. Investigations were conducted in two boreholes, separated by 5 m, at the Ses Sitjoles test site (Mallorca Island, Spain) where repeated electrical conductivity logs of the formation and the saturating fluid, as well as regular pore-water sampling and permanent downhole multi-parameter monitoring of the water were performed over a period of 9 a. In the mixing zone, the significant acidification, the calcite saturation index profile and the Ca concentration profile cannot be explained by conservative mixing nor by dissolution-precipitation reactions only. Conversely, the analysis of organic C content and of the distinctly different time-resolved pH profiles measured in the two boreholes suggests the development of perennial biomass that triggers calcite dissolution. Moreover, the presence of biomass seems to be correlated with the permeability and vertical connectivity at the meter-scale. It is speculated that the mechanism could be self-activated because the microbiological activity induces calcite dissolution and tends to increase porosity and permeability that favors biomass development.
ISSN: 0883-2927

hal-00937665
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00937665
DOI : 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.09.011

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Physiological Society
Résumé : International audience
Interleukin (IL)-33 is crucially involved in liver pathology and drives hepatoprotective functions. However, the regulation of IL-33 by cytokines of the IL-6 family, including oncostatin M (OSM) and IL-6, is not well studied. The aim of the present study was to determine whether OSM mediates regulation of IL-33 expression in liver cells. Intramuscular administration in mice of an adenovirus encoding OSM (AdOSM) leads to increase in expression of OSM in muscles, liver, and serum of AdOSM-infected mice compared with control mice. The increase of circulating OSM markedly regulated mRNA of genes associated with blood vessel biology, chemotaxis, cellular death, induction of cell adhesion molecules, and the alarmin cytokine IL-33 in liver. Steady-state IL-33 mRNA was upregulated by OSM at an early phase (8 h) following AdOSM infection. At the protein level, the expression of IL-33 was significantly induced in liver endothelial cells [liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) and vascular endothelial cells] with a peak at 8 days post-AdOSM infection in mice. In addition, we found OSM-stimulated human microvascular endothelial HMEC-1 cells and human LSEC/TRP3 cells showed a significant increase in expression of IL-33 mRNA in a dose-dependent manner in cell culture. The OSM-mediated overexpression of IL-33 was associated with the activation/enrichment of CD4(+)ST2(+) cells in liver of AdOSM-infected mice compared with adenovirus encoding green fluorescent protein-treated control mice. In summary, these data suggest that the cytokine OSM regulates the IL-33 expression in liver endothelial cells in vivo and in HMEC-1/TRP3 cells in vitro and may specifically expand the target CD4(+)ST2(+) cells in liver
ISSN: 0193-1857

hal-01220632
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01220632
DOI : 10.1152/ajpgi.00398.2014
PUBMED : 26251474

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Society for Microbiology
Résumé : International audience
UNLABELLED: During visceral leishmaniasis, the control of hepatic parasite burden is mainly due to granuloma assembly in a microenvironment consisting of both Th1 and Th2 components. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) dosages, quantitative PCR (qPCR), immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry, we studied the role of interleukin-33 (IL-33), a recently described cytokine signaling through the ST2 receptor, during visceral leishmaniasis. We showed that a higher level of IL-33 was detected in the serum of patients with visceral leishmaniasis than in that from healthy donors and demonstrated the presence of IL-33(+) cells in a liver biopsy specimen from a patient. Similarly, in BALB/c mice experimentally infected with L. donovani, a higher level of IL-33 was detected in the serum, as well as the presence of IL-33(+) cells and ST2(+) cells in the mouse liver. In ST2(-/-) BALB/c mice, better control of the hepatic parasite burden and reduced hepatomegaly were observed. This was associated with strong induction of Th1 cytokines (gamma interferon [IFN-γ] and IL-12) compared to the level in wild-type (WT) mice and better recruitment of myeloid cells associated with strongly induced chemokines (CCL2 and CXCL2) and receptors (CCR2 and CXCR2). Conversely, BALB/c mice treated twice weekly with recombinant IL-33 showed a dramatically reduced induction of Th1 cytokines and delayed inhibition of monocyte and neutrophil recruitment in the liver, which was associated with reduced KC/CXCL1 and CXCR2 expression. Taken together, our results suggest that IL-33 could be a new deleterious regulator of the hepatic immune response against Leishmania donovani, via the repression of the Th1 response and myeloid cell recruitment. IMPORTANCE: Visceral leishmaniasis is a life-threatening systemic disease due to the Leishmania protozoa L. infantum and L. donovani and is ranked by the World Health Organization as the second most important protozoan parasitic disease after malaria for its grave morbidity, high mortality, and global distribution. Leishmania parasites subvert the host's immune response to propagate to target organs, including the spleen, the bone marrow, and the liver. Control of hepatic parasite burdens depends on a delicate and poorly understood Th1/Th2 immune balance. To better understand this complex immune response, new cytokines are interesting targets for research studies. IL-33 is a newly described cytokine usually associated with Th2 response and involved in different diseases, including infectious diseases and hepatitis. Our results suggest that IL-33 could be a new factor of susceptibility and a potential prognostic marker during visceral leishmaniasis.
ISSN: 2150-7511

inserm-00871493
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00871493
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00871493/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00871493/file/mBio.00383-13.pdf
DOI : 10.1128/mBio.00383-13

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
The objective of this study is to assess the association of clinical manifestations of systemic sclerosis (SSc) with the absolute count of circulating blood monocyte subpopulations according to their membrane expression of CD16. Forty-eight consecutive patients fulfilling the 2013 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for SSc were included in this cross-sectional study. CD16+ monocyte absolute count was defined by flow cytometry and confronted to the clinical characteristics of SSc patients. Twenty-three healthy donors (HD) were randomly selected for comparison. SSc patients had an increased number of total circulating blood monocytes compared to HD (p < 0.001). The CD16- subpopulation absolute count was increased in SSc patients compared to HD (p < 0.001) but was similar in limited SSc (lSSc) and diffuse SSc (dSSc). On the contrary, the CD16+ population absolute count was increased in dSSc compared to both HD and lSSc patients (dSSc 0.071 Giga/L (+/- 0.034) vs HD 0.039 Giga/L (+/- 0.030), p < 0.01, and dSSc 0.071 Giga/L (+/- 0.034) vs lSSc 0.048 Giga/L (+/- 0.024), p < 0.05). The CD16+ monocyte subpopulation absolute count was significantly correlated with the severity of skin fibrosis evaluated by the modified Rodnan skin score (p < 0.001). The CD16+ monocyte subpopulation was also associated with pulmonary fibrosis (p < 0.05), with the severity of the restrictive ventilatory defect evaluated by total lung capacity (p < 0.05) and with the pulmonary function impairment reflected by diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxyde measures (p < 0.01). These results suggest that CD16+ monocytes are associated with the main fibrotic manifestations of SSc and their role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis in this autoimmune disorder should therefore be further considered.
ISSN: 0770-3198

hal-01560150
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01560150
DOI : 10.1007/s10067-017-3597-6
PUBMED : 28293753

Éditeur(s) : De l'imprimerie du Patriote françois ... De l'imprimerie du Patriote françois ... ( Paris? )
Résumé : (Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.
Title from PDF caption (LLMC Digital, viewed on Aug. 26, 2011)
Dated at end: Paris, ce 8 juin 1791.
Publisher's name from colophon.
(Statement of Responsibility) par M. Grégoire.
Haiti
Haïti
Haiti
Haiti
France
France
Haïti
Haïti
France
France

747978011
ocn747978011

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Mylonite bodies are exhumed extensions at depth of shallow structural level brittle faults. They are characterised by intense strain localisation involving large volumes of middle to lower continental crust. The analysis of shear zone geometry and microstructures is a useful tool to decipher deformation kinematics, though finite strain estimation is still relatively qualitative. Timing of the deformation has also been the focus of numerous studies using the complete spectrum of geochronometers. However, only rare examples provide geochronological data that can be unambiguously interpreted and cooling, recrystallisation and neocrystallisation are difficult to tell from each other. Thus, time-scales over which major mylonite zones develop and remain active under ductile conditions as well as their strain rate often remain poorly documented. We investigated two sections across the South-Armorican Shear Zone (SASZ), a crustal-scale pluri-km thick dextral shear zone active during a single tectonic event of late-Variscan age and associated with syntectonic granite emplacement.. Finite strain profiles on these cross-sections, quantified from average Quartz grain-size in 34 samples, show a strong deformation partitioning towards the center of the SASZ, with a decrease, for each section, from 150µm in slightly deformed zones to less than 7-5 µm in the core of the ultramylonite. Furthermore, toward the core of the SASZ, development of a penetrative shear band network progressively eliminates lenses of less deformed rocks and results in homogenisation of the Quartz grain sizes. In parallel, we performed in-situ UV-laser Ar/Ar dating on the fabric-forming white micas. White micas population can be decomposed into inherited muscovites carried by the folation and newly-formed, syn-tectonic substituted phengites located along the shear bands yielding 2 age groups for each sample. Along the profiles, the difference between these two ages evolves from 10-15 Ma in weakly deformed domains to zero toward the SASZ core. In addition, mylonite-forming phengites yielded the same age irrespectively of their position on the section or of the rock strain.. On the regional point of view, this study brings deformation-ages for the late-orogenic evolution of the South Armorican domain. Strain accumulated along the SASZ in a time-span extending to 300-298 Ma, i.e. contemporaneously with the activity of nearby major extensional shear zones. These results support a new model of crustal-scale shear zone activity, where the whole body of the shear zone is active throughout its history (defined as the largest age difference through the section), i.e. the actively deforming zone does not get progressively narrower. The strain distribution nevertheless evolves with time, with an increasingly large fraction partitioned in the ultramylonitic core.
EGU General Assembly
Vienne, Austria

insu-00839320
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00839320
BIBCODE : 2010EGUGA..12.9881A

Éditeur(s) : Amer Geophysical Union
Résumé : Large rivers are key hydrologic components in oceanography, particularly regarding air-sea and land-sea exchanges and biogeochemistry. We enter now in a new era of Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) observing system from Space with the recent launches of the ESA Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and the NASA Aquarius/Sac-D missions. With these new sensors, we are now in an excellent position to revisit SSS and ocean color investigations in the tropical northwest Atlantic using multi-year remote sensing time series and concurrent in situ observations. The Amazon is the world's largest river in terms of discharge. In its plume, SSS and upper water column optical properties such as the absorption coefficient of colored detrital matter (acdm) are strongly negatively correlated (<-0.7). Local quasi-linear relationships between SSS and acdm are derived for these plume waters over the period of 2010-2013 using new spaceborne SSS and ocean color measurements. Results allow unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution of this coupling. These relationships are then used to estimate SSS in the Amazon plume based on ocean color satellite data. This new product is validated against SMOS and in situ data and compared with previously developed SSS retrieval models. We demonstrate the potential to estimate tropical Atlantic SSS for the extended period from 1998 to 2010, prior to spaceborne SSS data collection.
Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans (0148-0227) (Amer Geophysical Union), 2015-05 , Vol. 120 , N. 5 , P. 3177-3192

Droits : 2015. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00255/36610/35742.pdf
DOI:10.1002/2014JC010109
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00255/36610/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioScientifica
Résumé : International audience
Paracetamol/acetaminophen (N-Acetyl-p-Aminophenol; APAP) is the preferred analgesic for pain relief and fever during pregnancy. It has therefore caused concern that several studies have reported that prenatal exposure to APAP results in developmental alterations in both the reproductive tract and the brain. Genitals and nervous system of male mammals are actively masculinised during foetal development and early postnatal life by the combined actions of prostaglandins and androgens, resulting in the male-typical reproductive behaviour seen in adulthood. Both androgens and prostaglandins are known to be inhibited by APAP. Through intrauterine exposure experiments in C57BL/6 mice, we found that exposure to APAP decreased neuronal number in the sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN) of the preoptic area (POA) in the anterior hypothalamus of male adult offspring. Likewise, exposure to the environmental pollutant and precursor of APAP, aniline, resulted in a similar reduction. Decrease in neuronal number in the SDN-POA is associated with reductions in male sexual behaviour. Consistent with the changes, male mice exposed in uteri to APAP exhibited changes in urinary marking behaviour as adults and had a less aggressive territorial display towards intruders of the same gender. Additionally, exposed males had reduced intromissions and ejaculations during mating with females in oestrus. Together, these data suggest that prenatal exposure to APAP may impair male sexual behaviour in adulthood by disrupting the sexual neurobehavioral programming. These findings add to the growing body of evidence suggesting the need to limit the widespread exposure and use of APAP by pregnant women.
ISSN: 1470-1626

hal-01560285
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01560285
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01560285/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01560285/file/Prenatal%20exposures%20to%20paracetamol-accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1530/REP-17-0165

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
Ro 31-8220 is a potent protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor belonging to the chemical class of bisindolylmaleimides (BIMs). Various PKC-independent effects of Ro 31-8220 have however been demonstrated, including inhibition of the ATP-binding cassette drug transporter breast cancer resistance protein. In the present study, we reported that the BIM also blocks activity of the solute carrier organic cation transporter (OCT) 1, involved in uptake of marketed drugs in the liver, in a PKC-independent manner. Ro 31-8220, in contrast to other pan-PKC inhibitors such as staurosporine and chelerythrine, was thus shown to cis-inhibit uptake of the reference OCT1 substrate tetraethylammonium in OCT1-transfected HEK293 cells in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 = 0.18 μM) and without altering membrane expression of OCT1. This blockage of OCT1 was also observed in human hepatic HepaRG cells that constitutionally express OCT1. It likely occurred through a mixed mechanism of inhibition. Ro 31-8220 additionally trans-inhibited TEA uptake in OCT1-transfected HEK293 cells, which likely discards a transport of Ro 31-8220 by OCT1. Besides Ro 31-8220, 7 additional BIMs, including the PKC inhibitor LY 333531, inhibited OCT1 activity, whereas 4 other BIMs were without effect. In silico analysis of structure-activity relationships next revealed that various molecular descriptors, especially 3D-WHIM descriptors related to total size, correspond to key physico-chemical parameters for inhibition of OCT1 activity by BIMs. In addition to activity of OCT1, Ro 31-8220 inhibited those of other organic cation transporters such as multidrug and toxin extrusion protein (MATE) 1 and MATE2-K, whereas, by contrast, it stimulated that of OCT2. Taken together, these data extend the nature of cellular off-targets of the BIM Ro 31-8220 to OCT1 and other organic cation transporters, which has likely to be kept in mind when using Ro 31-8220 and other BIMs as PKC inhibitors in experimental or clinical studies
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-01255837
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01255837
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0144667
PUBMED : 26657401
PUBMEDCENTRAL : PMC4675551