Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Landes Bioscience
Résumé : International audience
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
Autophagy

hal-00735751
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00735751
PUBMED : 22966490

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Masson
Résumé : International audience
Cancer is the main complication of transplantation surgery. The literature concerning renal transplant recipients among the Afro-Caribbean population is scant. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of cancer in these patients, with the secondary objective being to identify predisposing factors for cancer. This was an epidemiological and retrospective study that included all Guadeloupians of phototype V-VI undergoing renal transplantation from 01/01/2004 to 31/12/2011. Skin cancer screening was performed before transplantation and during an annual dermatological consultation following transplantation. Screening for non-cutaneous cancers was guided by clinical symptoms or by the results of the screening examinations recommended in the current guidelines. At the study time-point (31/12/2011), all patients were examined by a dermatologist. One hundred and two patients were included : 42 women and 60 men (mean age: 52.1±11.6 years at transplantation). Eight cancers were diagnosed. The cumulative incidence of cancer was 7.8% at 3 years. Three factors were associated with more rapid onset of cancer: personal history or familial history of cancer, and genital lesion induced by HPV. Our results suggest a low incidence of cancer in Afro-Caribbean renal transplant patients. Personal or family history of cancer and HPV-induced genital lesions would appear to accelerate the onset of cancer in this population.
ISSN: 0151-9638

hal-01260468
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01260468
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01260468/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01260468/file/2015%2C%20Ameline.pdf
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01260468/file/14%20148%20Fig%201%20ap.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Portland Press
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 0143-5221

hal-01678951
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01678951
DOI : 10.1042/CS20150461

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : Remerciements :- Dr. Jacques Delabie- Andrea Yockey-Dejean- Geoff Brown- Jean-Pierre Andrieu
Background: Most ant venoms consist predominantly of small linear peptides, although some contain disulfide linked peptides as minor components. However, in striking contrast to other ant species, some Anochetus venoms are composed primarily of disulfide-rich peptides. In this study, we investigated the venom of the ant Anochetus emarginatus with the aim of exploring these novel disulfide-rich peptides.Methods: The venom peptidome was initially investigated using a combination of reversed-phase HPLC and mass spectrometry, then the amino acid sequences of the major peptides were determined using a combination of Edman degradation and de novo MS/MS sequencing. We focused on one of these peptides, U-1-PONTX-Ae1a (Ae1a), because of its novel sequence, which we predicted would form a novel 3D fold. Ae1a was chemically synthesized using Fmoc chemistry and its 3D structure was elucidated using NMR spectroscopy. The peptide was then tested for insecticidal activity and its effect on a range of human ion channels.Results: Seven peptides named poneritoxins (PONTXs) were isolated and sequenced. The three-dimensional structure of synthetic Ae1a revealed a novel, compact scaffold in which a C-terminal beta-hairpin is connected to the N-terminal region via two disulfide bonds. Synthetic Ae1a reversibly paralyzed blowflies and inhibited human L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (Ca(v)1).Conclusions: Poneritoxins from Anochetus emarginatus venom are a novel class of toxins that are structurally unique among animal venoms.General significance: This study demonstrates that Anochetus ant venoms are a rich source of novel ion channel modulating peptides, some of which might be useful leads for the development of biopesticides.
ISSN: 0304-4165

hal-01511987
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01511987
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01511987/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01511987/file/2016_Touchard_Biochimica_Biophysica_%7B4B3BE6A3-AE83-4C6E-B678-BBFB5CC84AF7%7D.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.07.027

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press
Résumé : International audience
The BioMart Community Portal (www.biomart.org) is a community-driven effort to provide a unified interface to biomedical databases that are distributed worldwide. The portal provides access to numerous database projects supported by 30 scientific organizations. It includes over 800 different biological datasets spanning genomics, proteomics, model organisms, cancer data, ontology information and more. All resources available through the portal are independently administered and funded by their host organizations. The BioMart data federation technology provides a unified interface to all the available data. The latest version of the portal comes with many new databases that have been created by our ever-growing community. It also comes with better support and extensibility for data analysis and visualization tools. A new addition to our toolbox, the enrichment analysis tool is now accessible through graphical and web service interface. The BioMart community portal averages over one million requests per day. Building on this level of service and the wealth of information that has become available, the BioMart Community Portal has introduced a new, more scalable and cheaper alternative to the large data stores maintained by specialized organizations.
ISSN: 0305-1048

hal-01146849
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01146849
DOI : 10.1093/nar/gkv350
PUBMED : 25897122

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD PubMed
Résumé : International audience
To investigate thermal response, hydration behaviour and performance over flatwater kayaking races in tropical conditions (36.8°C and 68 % rh). Five internationally-ranked subjects participated in the 2012 Surfski Ocean Racing World Cup in Guadeloupe to the “Ze Caribbean Race 2012” [i.e., a 35-km downwind race]. Core temperature (T°C) and heart rate (HR) were measured using portable telemetry units whereas water intake was deduced from backpacks absorption. The kayakers were asked to rate both their comfort sensation and thermal sensation on a scale before and after the race. The performance was related to an increase in T°C, high HR and low water intake (WI); and (2) high values of final T°C were related to high pre T°C and greater increases in T°C being obtained with low pre T°C and (3) WI being related to high pre T°C. The present study demonstrated that the fastest kayakers were those able to paddle at the highest intensities, increasing their T°C and drinking little water without any interference from thermal sensations. Water intake was positively related to pre-race T°C, which reinforces the importance of beginning surfski races with a low T°C. This study demonstrated that well-trained kayakers drinking ad libitum were able to anticipate their intensity/heat storage ratio to prevent heat illness and severe dehydration and maintain high performance.
ISSN: 0860-021X

hal-01137286
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01137286

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Masson
Résumé : International audience
Objective. — The aim of this study was to validate the French translation of the category-rating-10 used for assessing perceived exertion (RPE) when monitoring training loads. Methods. — Fifty athletes from individual (Taekwondo) and team sports (soccer) volunteered. Two forward translations, a reconciled version, and then a back-translation were completed to validate the final French version. French Session-RPE, heart rate, and duration were recorded for 622 training sessions.Results. —The comparability of language and similarity of interpretability using a Likert scale were 2 and 1, respectively. A high Cronbach’s coefficient ( = 0.77) was found. The intraclass correlation coefficient of session-RPE was 0.77. High correlations were determined between the session-RPE and HR-based methods during training sessions. The effect size was 0.97.Conclusion. — When monitoring training load, the French version of category-rating-10 exhibits similar reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change as the English version.
Objectif. — L’objet de cette étude était de valider la traduction franc¸aise de l’échelle de la Note de Catégorie-10 utilisée dans l’évaluation de la perception de l’effort pour contrôler la charge d’entraînement.Méthode. —Cinquante athlètes de sport individuel (taekwondo) et d’équipe (football) ont volontairement participé à l’étude. Deux traductions en mode direct, une version réconciliée, puis une traduction indirecte ont été effectuées pour évaluer la version franc¸aise finale. Lafréquence cardiaque, la durée et la charge d’entraînement quantifiée par la version franc¸aise ont été enregistrées durant 622 séances d’entraînement.Résultats. — La comparaison et la similarité de l’interprétation en utilisant l’échelle de Likert étaient de 2 et 1, respectivement. Un coefficient élevé de -Cronbach a été calculé ( = 0,77). Le coefficient de corrélation intraclasse de la RPE-de-séance était de 0,77. Des corrélations élevées ont été observées entre la RPE-séance et les différentes méthodes de contrôle de la charge d’entraînement basées sur la FC (les méthodes de Banister et d’Edwards). L’effet de taille de l’échantillon était de 0,97.Conclusion. —Dans le cadre du contrôle de la charge d’entraînement, la version franc¸aise de l’échelle de la Note de Catégorie-10 présente une similarité de fiabilité, validé et sensibilité aux changements avec la version anglaise.
ISSN: 0765-1597

hal-01163458
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01163458
DOI : 10.1016/j.scispo.2012.07.008

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Afro-­‐‑ Caribbean sprinters often reach high performance levels at an early age. Adolescence is a time of morphological and physiological changes. This study was designed to analyze the evolution in parameters of short sprint performance during adolescence in Afro-­‐‑ Caribbean boys, especially the stride number/body height ratio (SN/BH), which is at the interface of technical and morphological factors. Seventy-­‐‑ one 13-­‐‑ year-­‐‑ old boys performed vertical jumps and short sprint races. The races were filmed with a view to determine stride variables. Anthropometric parameters were also measured. The same tests were performed two years later. Body height and SN/BH were the main predictors of sprint performance. The delta of performance was principally explained by stride length and stride number. Although deterioration in technical parameters was expected, the parameters related to body size and stride length were the main sprint performance predictors rather than explosive force. These results could be useful in developing tests to detect sprint potential in youth.
Journal of Human Kinetics

hal-01163933
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01163933

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Afro-­ Caribbean sprinters often reach high performance levels at an early age. Adolescence is a time of morphological and physiological changes. This study was designed to analyze the evolution in parameters of short sprint performance during adolescence in Afro-­Caribbean boys, especially the stride number/body height ratio (SN/BH), which is at the interface of technical and morphological factors. Seventy-­‐‑ one 13-­‐‑ year-­‐‑ old boys performed vertical jumps and short sprint races. The races were filmed with a view to determine stride variables. Anthropometric parameters were also measured. The same tests were performed two years later. Body height and SN/BH were the main predictors of sprint performance. The delta of performance was principally explained by stride length and stride number. Although deterioration in technical parameters was expected, the parameters related to body size and stride length were the main sprint performance predictors rather than explosive force. These results could be useful in developing tests to detect sprint potential in youth.
Journal of Human Kinetics

hal-01143539
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01143539