Éditeur(s) : Mitchell, Hughes and Clarke Mitchell, Hughes and Clarke ( London )
Résumé : (Dates or Sequential Designation) Vol. 1 (1909-10)-v. 6.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) Ceased with vol. 6 in Oct. 1919.
Vol. 6 may be incomplete.
Vol. 6 accompanied by a typewritten Index of names.
West Indies, British
West Indies, British
West Indies, British

000356733
08243761
ABZ5014
09029898 //r

Éditeur(s) : Mitchell, Hughes and Clarke Mitchell, Hughes and Clarke ( London )
Résumé : (Dates or Sequential Designation) Vol. 1 (1909-10)-v. 6.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) Ceased with vol. 6 in Oct. 1919.
Vol. 6 may be incomplete.
Vol. 6 accompanied by a typewritten Index of names.
West Indies, British
West Indies, British
West Indies, British

000356733
08243761
ABZ5014
09029898 //r

Éditeur(s) : Mitchell, Hughes and Clarke Mitchell, Hughes and Clarke ( London )
Résumé : (Dates or Sequential Designation) Vol. 1 (1909-10)-v. 6.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) Ceased with vol. 6 in Oct. 1919.
Vol. 6 may be incomplete.
Vol. 6 accompanied by a typewritten Index of names.
West Indies, British
West Indies, British
West Indies, British

000356733
08243761
ABZ5014
09029898 //r

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : Une approche par datations multiples a été menée sur les dépôts de sédiments de crue retrouvés dans les gorges du Gardon (Languedoc). Le plomb-210, le césium-137 et l’analyse géochimique des sédiments contaminés par les mines ont été utilisés pour reconstruire l’histoire des dépôts de crue. Cette approche a été combinée avec l’historique des crues du Gardon depuis 1890 pour affiner l’approche géochronologique. Au niveau de la cavité GG et de la terrasse GE les analyses ont permis d’illustrer les mécanismes d’érosion-redéposition pouvant perturber les séquences de sédiments. Les enregistrements des dépôts de sédiments de crue sont complets sur la terrasse GE située à 10 m au-dessus du lit mineur à partir de 1958, et incomplets auparavant. Sur la période 1880-1958, 25 crues ont eu un débit suffisant (>1450 m3/s) pour recouvrir la terrasse, alors que l’on recense seulement 5 à 6 crues depuis 1958 (pour un débit de submersion supérieur à 1700 m3/s). L’augmentation progressive du débit de submersion et la fréquence moindre d’inondation de la terrasse ont pu permettre sur la période récente la stabilisation de la couche de surface par la végétation et limiter l’érosion lors de crues importantes. Les enregistrements semblent complets dans la cavité GG située à 15 m au-dessus du lit mineur. La fréquence moindre de submersion à ce niveau plus élevé peut expliquer une meilleure stabilisation des dépôts de crue, rendus moins vulnérables à l’érosion. La datation au radiocarbone a été testée même si elle ne permet pas de dater avec précision les dépôts de crue des derniers siècles. Sur la terrasse GE, 80% des dates au carbone 14 sur charbon de bois sont beaucoup trop vieilles par rapport aux autres techniques de datation, ce qui peut s’expliquer par une remobilisation/déstockage de charbons de bois anciens. Les datations radiocarbone sur graines donnent de meilleurs résultats, car issues d’une production annuelle, plus facilement décomposable et moins sujette à des dépôts intermédiaires. Au final, il apparaît que la technique de datation par radiocarbone sur des charbons de bois retrouvés dans les séquences sédimentaires n’est pas fiable, alors qu’elle est la plus pratiquée en paléo-hydrologie. L’utilisation combinée du plomb-210, du césium-137, de l’analyse géochimique des sédiments et des informations sur les crues historiques a permis de discriminer et de dater les différents dépôts de crue de ce dernier siècle dans la cavité GG et la terrasse GE. / A multidating approach was carried out on slackwater flood deposits, preserved in valley side rock cave and terrace, of the Gardon River in Languedoc, southeast France. Lead-210, caesium-137, and geochemical analysis of mining-contaminated slackwater flood sediments have been used to reconstruct the history of these flood deposits. These age controls were combined with the continuous record of Gardon flow since 1890, and the combined records were then used to assign ages to slackwater deposits. The stratigraphic records of terrace GE and cave GG were excellent examples to illustrate the effects of erosion/preservation in a context of a progressively self-censoring, vertically accreting sequence. The sedimentary flood record of the terrace GE located at 10 m above the channel bed is complete for years post-1958 but incomplete before. During the 78-year period 1880-1958, 25 floods of a sufficient magnitude (> 1450 m3/s) have covered the terrace. Since 1958, however, the frequency of inundation of the deposits has been lower:only 5 or 6 floods in 52 years have been large enough to exceed the necessary threshold discharge (> 1700 m3/s). The progressive increase of threshold discharge and the reduced frequency of inundation at the terrace could allow stabilisation of the vegetation cover and improved protection against erosion from subsequent large magnitude flood events. The sedimentary flood record seems complete for cave GG located at 15 m above the channel bed. Here, the low frequency of events would have enabled a high degree of stabilisation of the sedimentary flood record, rendering the deposits less susceptible to erosion. Radiocarbon dating are used in this study and compared to the other dating techniques.Eighty percent of radiocarbon dates on charcoals were considerably older than those obtained by the other techniques in the terrace. On the other hand, radiocarbon dating on seeds provided better results. This discrepancy between radiocarbon dates on charcoal and seeds is explained by the nature of the dated material (permanent wood vs. annual production and resistance to degradation process). Finally, we showed in this study that although the most common dating technique used in paleoflood hydrology is radiocarbon dating, usually on charcoal preserved within slackwater flood sediments, this method did not permitus to define a coherent age model. Only the combined use of lead-210, caesium-137, and geochemical analysis of mining-contaminated sediments with the instrumental flood record can be applied to discriminate and date the recent slackwater deposits of the terrace GE and cave GG.
ISSN: 0169-555X

hal-01059669
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01059669
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01059669/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01059669/file/ly2014-pub00040953.pdf
IRSTEA : PUB00040953

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : The gametogenic cycle and the reproductive effort of the blacklip pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera, cultivated in Takapoto lagoon were studied for a 1-year period (March 1997-April 1998) by bimonthly observations of gonadal sections, dry tissue weights and gonadal index in a population of pearl oyster composed of three age-groups. pearl oysters attained sexual maturity in the end of their first year (height approximate to 40 mm), implying that P. margaritifera is a late-maturing species in comparison with other Pteriidae. This species was also confirmed to be a marked protandrous successive hermaphrodite in culture, with 100 % of males at first maturity and 75 % in older pearl oyster (height > 120 mm). The general pattern of gametogenic activity, fairly synchronous in both sexes, was comparable with that of other tropical bivalves: reproduction occurs continuously throughout the year with a maximal activity during the warm season (November-May). No resting period was observed. Quantitative growth data showed that P. margaritifera exhibits an annual synchronised polymodal spawning pattern, with two spawning peaks in age-group I (height approximate to 70 mm) and five in age-groups II (height approximate to 100 mm) and III (height approximate to 120 mm). Spawning was sometimes incomplete, nevertheless a clear relationship between gamete production (P-R, g) and size (height H, mm) was obtained: P-R = 5.26 x 10(-7) H-2.91 (R-2 = 0.99, p < 0.05). Estimation of P-R was used to calculate the annual reproductive effort in P. margaritifera. Reproductive effort (%) was similar to those calculated for temperate species and showed a progressive increase with the age of pearl oyster, from 7 % in age-group I to 38 % in age-group III. This study showed that, in a fairly stable tropical environment such as the Takapoto lagoon, P. margaritifera is a multiple spawner, which uses an opportunistic reproductive strategy, allowing investment all year around, of any surplus energy into gamete production. Surplus energy is ensured by the high pumping rates developed by this non-symbiotic bivalve to succeed in low seston conditions. (C) 2000 Ifremer/Cnrs/Inra/Ird/Cemagref/Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS.
Le cycle et l'effort de reproduction de l'huître perlière à lèvres noires, Pinctada margaritifera, cultivée dans le lagon de Takapoto, ont été étudiés sur une période annuelle (de mars 1997 à avril 1998), par un suivi bimensuel des stades de maturation et des indices gonadiques, sur une population en élevage composée de trois groupes d'âge (1, 2 et 3 ans). Cette étude a confirmé que P. margaritifera est une espèce qui se reproduit tardivement par rapport aux autres Ptériidés (elle atteint sa maturité sexuelle à la fin de sa première année, pour une hauteur approximative de 40 mm). Par ailleurs, elle présente, en élevage, une protandrie marquée (100 % de mâles à première maturité, 75 % pour des huîtres âgées de trois ans). Le schéma général de sa gamétogenèse, relativement synchrone dans les deux sexes, est comparable à celui des autres bivalves tropicaux : la reproduction est quasiment continue (aucune période de repos sexuel) avec une activité accrue en saison chaude (de novembre à mai). L'analyse des variations du poids de la gonade suggère l'existence de deux pics d'émission de gamètes chez les huîtres de un an et cinq pics chez les huîtres de 2 et 3 ans (cycle de reproduction de type polymodal). Bien que ces émissions de gamètes soient parfois incomplètes, une relation entre la production de gamètes (PR, en g) et la taille de l'huître perlière (hauteur, H, en mm) a été établie : PR = 5,26 x 10-7 H2,91 (R2 = 0,99, p < 0,05). Ces résultats ont permis de calculer l'effort de reproduction de P. margaritifera à Takapoto et sur un bilan annuel : il augmente avec l'âge de l'huître perlière de 7 % pour le groupe d'âge I à 38% pour le groupe d'âge III. Ces valeurs annuelles sont similaires à celles calculées chez les bivalves de milieux tempérés. Cette étude a donc montré que, dans un environnement tropical assez stable tel que celui du lagon de Takapoto, P. margaritifera présente une reproduction continue, avec plusieurs pics d'émission de gamètes par an. Cette stratégie « opportuniste » permet l'investissement, de tout surplus d'énergie en production de gamètes, tout au long de l'année. Malgré la faible concentration du milieu en nourriture, ces surplus d'énergie sont assurés par les fortes capacités de filtration développées par cette espèce tropicale non-symbiotique.
Aquatic Living Resources (0990-7440) (Elsevier), 2000 , Vol. 13 , N. 1 , P. 37-48

Droits : 2000 Ifremer/Cnrs/Inra/Ird/Cemagref/Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2000/publication-1391.pdf
DOI:10.1016/S0990-7440(00)00135-2
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1391/

Éditeur(s) : Mitchell, Hughes and Clarke Mitchell, Hughes and Clarke ( London )
Résumé : (Dates or Sequential Designation) Vol. 1 (1909-10)-v. 6.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) Ceased with vol. 6 in Oct. 1919.
Vol. 6 may be incomplete.
Vol. 6 accompanied by a typewritten Index of names.
West Indies, British
West Indies, British
West Indies, British

000356733
08243761
ABZ5014
09029898 //r

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Beaucoup de phénomènes sont de nature stochastique et nécessitent pour être modélisés et prédits des techniques statistiques appropriées. Un processus ponctuel (Daley et Veres Jones (1988); Karr (1991) ; van Lieshout (2000)) est un mécanisme stochastique qui modélise des localisations de points dans un espace donné. Une répartition de points dans l'espace ou dans le temps peut-être considérée comme la réalisation d'un processus ponctuel (Vaillant (1991,1992)). Elle se présente sous la forme d'un ensemble de coordonnées et/ou de dates d'occurrences. On ne dispose en général que d'une réalisation de ce processus (Vaillant et al. (1997)). La loi d'un processus ponctuel est complètement caractérisée par son processus intensité conditionnelle et la modélisation se fait donc uniquement à travers ce dernier. Notre étude concerne l'apport des modèles de mélange de processus ponctuels dans de telles modélisations. Elle fait également apparaître l'utilité de l'approche bayésienne pour apprécier la variabilité associée à certains facteurs environnementaux. Le lien avec les lois a priori Stick-Breaking (Ishwaran et James (2001)) telles que le processus de Dirichlet (Ferguson (1973,1974)) est présenté. Des modèles de mélange de processus de Poisson non homogènes ont été présentés par différents auteurs, par exemple, Kottas et Sanso (2007) ont considéré pour la loi mélangeante un processus de Dirichlet. Il est à noter cependant, que lorsque les données sont sous forme de comptages régionalisés, la modélisation concerne plutôt la loi de dénombrement (Green et Richardson (2002)). Pour notre part, nous nous intéressons à des processus Stick-Breaking à noyaux pour la prise en compte des localisations locales dans les mélanges spatiaux de processus ponctuels. Des algorithmes de type MCMC pour le traitement approprié de données incomplètes sont présentés et discutés puis sont testés sur des données artificielles.
42èmes Journées de Statistique
Marseille, France, France

inria-00494724
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00494724
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00494724/document
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00494724/file/p65.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD MDPI
Résumé : International audience
Malaria remains one of the most common vector-borne diseases in the world and the definition of novel control strategies can benefit from the modeling of transmission processes. However, data-driven models are often difficult to build, as data are very often incomplete, heterogeneous in nature and in quality, and/or biased. In this context, a knowledge-based approach is proposed to build a robust and general landscape-based hazard index for malaria transmission that is tailored to the Amazonian region. A partial knowledge-based model of the risk of malaria transmission in the Amazonian region, based on landscape features and extracted from a systematic literature review, was used. Spatialization of the model was obtained by generating land use and land cover maps of the cross-border area between French Guiana and Brazil, followed by computing and combining landscape metrics to build a set of normalized landscape-based hazard indices. An empirical selection of the best index was performed by comparing the indices in terms of adequacy with the knowledge-based model, intelligibility and correlation with P. falciparum incidence rates. The selected index is easy to interpret and successfully represents the current knowledge about the role played by landscape patterns in malaria transmission within the study area. It was significantly associated with P. falciparum incidence rates, using the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients (up to 0.79 and 0.75, respectively; p-value < 0.001), and the linear regression coefficient of determination (reaching 0.63; p-values < 0.001). This study establishes a spatial knowledge-driven, landscape-based hazard malaria index using remote sensing that can be easily produced on a regular basis and might be useful for malaria prediction, surveillance, and control. Keywords: remote sensing; land use and land cover; landscape metric; knowledge-based hazard modeling; malaria; cross-border area between French Guiana and Brazil
ISSN: 2072-4292

hal-01355255
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01355255
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01355255/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01355255/file/010066865.pdf
IRD : fdi:010066865

Éditeur(s) : Université Bordeaux 1
Résumé : The mercury cycle was explored in the Petit-Saut reservoir / Sinnamary Estuary continuum in French Guiana. Main processes involve (i) photo-induced reduction, (ii) adsorption and desorption at the particle surfaces, (iii) methylating bacterial activity, (iv) precipitation and dissolution of iron oxyhydroxides and sulfides. Sources of mercury to the Petit-Saut reservoir consist of the partly impacted river-tributaries, the atmospheric deposition and the flooded soils or vegetation. Once into the reservoir, divalent mercury undergoes a large spectrum of transformations including speciation and phase changes. We, here, probe these processes and demonstrate that the Petit-Saut reservoir behaves as a privileged site for atmospheric recycling and in situ methylation. At the air / water interface, the mercury evasion exceeds by 50 % the direct atmospheric deposition. The in situ monomethylmercury (MMHg) production mostly occurs at the water-column chemocline and near the benthic interface. It reaches, for the whole reservoir, 8.1 moles yr-1 which corresponds to a 0.06 % d-1 methylation rate. We calculated that the 2003/04 period MMHg outputs from the reservoir to the Sinnamary Estuary averaged 13.5 moles yr-1 while the inputs were 5.4 moles yr-1. The dynamic Sinnamary Estuary is the genuine geochemical reactor of the continuum. There, the divalent mercury undergoes rapid yet profound partitioning among phases, recycling to the atmosphere and methylation processes. Those mostly originate from the long-scale oxygen paucity of the dam discharged waters. The expression of marked redox gradients and the intense organic matter turnover enhance the production of methylable inorganic mercurial species and tend to favor the sulfate reducing bacteria (methylating agents) activity. As a result, the dynamic Sinnamary Estuary exports 60 % more MMHg than it does import: 27 versus 17 moles yr-1. Further at large, in the saline estuary, we determined: (i) a non conservative behavior of dissolved (< 0.2 µm) mercury, (ii) a lowering of the mercury level of particles during mixing with the Amazon plume and (iii) a gradual dilution of the estuarine mercury concentrations by oceanic waters.
La retenue de Petit-Saut et, à l'aval, l'estuaire du Sinnamary sont deux centres d'altération du cycle naturel du mercure. Les processus sont, entre autres, (i) la photoréduction, (ii) la sorption / désorption en surface des particules, (iii) l'activité méthylante des bactéries, (iv) la dissolution / précipitation des oxyhydroxydes et des sulfures de fer. Les sources de mercure vers la retenue sont variées. Elles regroupent, en premier lieu, les affluents (partiellement orpaillés), l'atmosphère, les sols et la végétation ennoyés. Dans la colonne d'eau, les formes divalentes du mercure subissent un train complet de transformations couplant changements de phase et de spéciation. Nos résultats illustrent ces processus et démontrent que la retenue constitue un site privilégié de recyclage vers l'atmosphère et de méthylation. A l'interface air / eau, les exports en mercure de la retenue excèdent de 50 % le dépôt atmosphérique. La production endogène de monométhylmercure (MMHg) a lieu dans des sites particuliers : la chemocline et l'interface benthique. Elle atteint pour l'ensemble de la retenue 8,1 moles a-1 soit un taux de méthylation de 0,06 % j-1. On estime que la retenue exporte vers l'estuaire du Sinnamary 13,5 moles a-1 de MMHg alors qu'elle n'importe que 5,4 moles a-1. L'estuaire dynamique du Sinnamary constitue le véritable réacteur chimique du système fonctionnant en liaison avec celui de la retenue. Le mercure y décrit un cycle rapide aux processus de partition, de recyclage et de méthylation marqués. Ces processus résultent de l'oxygénation incomplète et durable des masses d'eau anoxiques exportées par la retenue de Petit-Saut. L'expression de gradients rédox prononcés conjuguée à un intense recyclage de la matière organique y favorise la production de formes méthylables de mercure ainsi que l'activité des bactéries sulfatoréductrices (agents de la méthylation). C'est pourquoi, l'estuaire dynamique du Sinnamary exporte 60 % plus de MMHg qu'il n'importe : 27 contre 17 moles a-1. Plus en aval, dans l'estuaire salin, nous avons mis en évidence : (i) un comportement non conservatif du mercure dissous, (ii) un appauvrissement du mercure des particules suite au mélange avec le panache de l'Amazone et (iii) une dilution des concentrations par les masses d'eau océaniques.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/these-1508.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1508/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
Résumé : International audience
We discuss the control of distributed systems with incomplete data following the notion of no-regret control (or, equivalently, Pareto control) used by Lions in [C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Ser. I Math., 302 (1986), pp. 223-227] and [C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Ser. I Math., 302 (1992), pp. 1253-1257]. We associate with the no-regret control a sequence of low-regret controls defined by a quadratic perturbation previously used by Nakoulima, Omrane, and Velin in [C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Ser. I Math., 330 (2000), pp. 801-806]. In the first part, we prove that the perturbed system corresponds to a sequence of standard control problems and converges to the no-regret (or Pareto) control for which we obtain a singular optimality system. We give also some applications. In the second part, we show how the method can be extended to the evolution case. Equations of parabolic type, Petrowsky type, or hyperbolic type are considered.
ISSN: 0363-0129

hal-00764259
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00764259
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00764259/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00764259/file/38018.pdf
DOI : 10.1137/S0363012900380188

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
MR and MDHD contributed equally to this work. Summary Painful vaso-occlusive crisis, a hallmark of sickle cell anaemia, results from complex, incompletely understood mechanisms. Red blood cell (RBC) damage caused by continuous endogenous and exogenous oxidative stress may precipitate the occurrence of vaso-occlusive crises. In order to gain insight into the relevance of oxidative stress in vaso-occlusive crisis occurrence , we prospectively compared the expression levels of various oxidative markers in 32 adults with sickle cell anaemia during vaso-occlusive crisis and steady-state conditions. Compared to steady-state condition, plasma levels of free haem, advanced oxidation protein products and myeloperoxi-dase, RBC caspase-3 activity, as well as the concentrations of total, neutrophil-and RBC-derived microparticles were increased during vaso-occlusive crises, whereas the reduced glutathione content was decreased in RBCs. In addition, natural anti-band 3 autoantibodies levels decreased during crisis and were negatively correlated with the rise in plasma advanced oxidation protein products and RBC caspase-3 activity. These data showed an exacerbation of the oxidative stress during vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell anaemia patients and strongly suggest that the higher concentration of harmful circulating RBC-derived microparticles and the reduced anti-band 3 autoantibodies levels may be both related to the recruitment of oxidized band 3 into membrane aggregates.
ISSN: 0007-1048

inserm-01476067
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01476067
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01476067/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01476067/file/2016%2C%20Hierso%20-%20Exacerbation%20of%20oxidative%20stress%20during%20sickle%20vaso-occlusive%20crisis.pdf
DOI : 10.1111/bjh.14476

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
We use the low-regret notion of Lions for the control of a class of singular distributed systems: the ill-posed problems. A regularization approach is applied to the backwards heat equation, and we obtain a problem of incomplete data, for which the method of Nakoulima et al. is developed. Passing to the limit, a singular optimality system is obtained for the low-regret control of the original problem without any Slater hypothesis.
ISSN: 0893-9659

hal-00763938
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00763938
DOI : 10.1016/j.aml.2003.04.006

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD EDP Sciences
Résumé : International audience
Modelling environmental problems leads to mathematical systems with missing data. For instance, weather problems have generally missing initial conditions. The paper is concerned with identifying pollution terms arising in the state equation of some dissipative system with incomplete initial condition. To this aim the so-called sentinel method is used. Here, the problem of determining a sentinel is equivalent to a null-controllability problem for which Carleman inequalities are revisited.
ISSN: 1270-900X

hal-00720818
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720818
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720818/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720818/file/esaimpr2.pdf

Éditeur(s) : ICES 2008 Annual Science Conference, 22-26 september 2008, HALIFAX, CANADA
Résumé : The development on the ecosystem-based approach to fisheries implies to improve integrated analysis of fisheries by considering the biological as well as the socio-economic dimensions of the exploitation and thus, an improvement in the knowledge of fleets structure, evolution and activity. Since 2000, Ifremer has been implemented a Fisheries Information System (FIS), a multidisciplinary monitoring network allowing an integrated and comprehensive view of fishery systems including biological, technical, environmental and economical components. The FIS covers all the French fisheries, including the so-often neglected small-scale fisheries. One of the originalities of the FIS lies in the fleet monitoring procedure: a comprehensive collection of annual activity calendars aiming at characterizing the inactivity or activity of the vessels each month of the year and, in the latter case, the métiers practised (use of a gear to target one or several species) and the main fishing areas. This survey covers all the French fishing fleets and provides minimum but exhaustive information on the vessels. It is particularly instructive for the small-scale fisheries, where catches and effort data are often incomplete. Furthermore, this exhaustive data allows stratifying the fleet in fleets (typologies) and thus provides the basis (i) for the implementation of sampling schemes to estimate catches, landings, discards or economic performance of the different fleets and (ii) for the development of a fleet-métier matrix giving the possibility of identifying at the time, the structure of the whole fleet in fleets, the métier polyvalence of the vessels and the allocation of fishing effort on the different exploited fishing resources.

Droits : 2008 ICES
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00059/16996/14498.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00059/16996/

Éditeur(s) : ISTPM
Résumé : The Atlantic and Mediterranean members of the scorpaenidae family have always triggered numerous discussions about their reciprocious congenialities. Back in the (recent) days when the number of species known on the French coasts was still fairly low, the belonging of one species to such or such genus, as Helicolenus (Sebastes) dactylopterus DELAROCHE or Scorpaena maderensis Cuvier and Valenciennes, has been the subject of numerous articles of which the authors' conclusions might differ from one another, and even today light is still far from being shed on those topics. The difficulties met in the determination of scorpaenidae: similar general appearance, subtle differences, impossibility of comparing the samples with the types, incomplete or misinterpreted descriptions, have lead scientists to make hasty determinations resulting in: an even more complicated synonymy and incorrect data about the biogeography of the species. Thereby, the rockfish named Scorpaena rubellio by JORDAN and GUNN (I) is considered as a synonymous of S. maderensis Cuvier Valenciennes by J. R. NORMAN (2), and of S. porcus Linné by H. W. FOWLER (3). Likewise, the dispersion area of S. scrofa in Guinea, Niger and Sainte-Hélène, is caused by its confusion with other species such as S. stephanica, S. angolensis and S. scrofina. (unverified OCR)
Les représentants de la famille des Scorpénidés dans l'Atlantique et la Méditerranée ont toujours donné lieu à de nombreuses discussions au sujet de leurs affinités réciproques. A l'époque encore récente où le nombre des espèces connues des côtes de France était encore très réduit, la place dans tel ou tel genre d'espèces telles que Helicolenus (Sebastes) dactylopterus DELAROCHE ou Scorpaena maderensis Cuvier et Valenciennes, par exemple, ont provoqué des séries d'articles où les conclusions des auteurs successifs n'étaient pas toujours concordantes, et aujourd'hui encore la lumière est loin d'être faite sur bien des points. Les difficultés que l'on rencontre dans la détermination des Scorpénidés : grande ressemblance générale, différences parfois difficiles à saisir, impossibilité de comparer les échantillons d'étude aux types, obligation de se contenter de descriptions incomplètes .ou mal interprétées, ont trop souvent entraîné les chercheurs à des déterminations trop hâtives ayant comme résultats : de compliquer la synonymie et de fausser plus ou moins complètement les données acquises sur la biogéographie d'une espèce. C'est ainsi que la Scorpène appelée Scorpaena rubellio par JORDAN et GUNN (Il est considérée comme synonyme de S. maderensis Cuvier Valenciennes par J. R. NORMAN (2), et de S. porcus Linné par H. W. FOWLER (3). De même l'extension de l'aire de dispersion de S. scrofa en Guinée, au Niger et à Sainte-Hélène, est due à des confusions avec des espèces différentes telles que S. stephanica, S. angolensis et S. scrofina. (OCR non contrôlé)
Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Pêches Maritimes (0035-2276) (ISTPM), 1943 , Vol. 13 , N. 1-4

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1943/publication-3420.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/3420/

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Science Bv
Résumé : Recent advances in technologies have lead to a vast influx of data on movements, based on discrete recorded position of animals or fishing boats, opening new horizons for future analyses. However, most of the potential interest of tracking data depends on the ability to develop suitable modelling strategies to analyze trajectories from discrete recorded positions. A serious modelling challenge is to infer the evolution of the true position and the associated spatio-temporal distribution of behavioural states using discrete, error-prone and incomplete observations. In this paper, a Bayesian Hierarchical Model (HBM) using Hidden Markov Process (HMP) is proposed as a template for analyzing fishing boats trajectories based on data available from satellite-based vessel monitoring systems (VMS). The analysis seeks to enhance the definition of the fishing pressure exerted on fish stocks, by discriminating between the different behavioural states of a fishing trip, and also by quantifying the relative importance of each of these states during a fishing trip. The HBM approach is tested to analyse the behaviour of pelagic trawlers in the Bay of Biscay. A hidden Markov chain with a regular discrete time step is used to model transitions between successive behavioural states (e.g., fishing, steaming, stopping (at Port or at sea)) of each vessel. The parameters of the movement process (speed and turning angles) are defined conditionally upon the behavioural states. Bayesian methods are used to integrate the available data (typically VMS position recorded at discrete time) and to draw inferences on any unknown parameters of the model. The model is first tested on simulated data with different parameters structures. Results provide insights on the potential of HBM with HMP to analyze VMS data. They show that if VMS positions are recorded synchronously with the instants at which the process switch from one behavioural state to another, the estimation method provides unbiased and precise inferences on behavioural states and on associated movement parameters. However, if the observations are not gathered with a sufficiently high frequency, the performance of the estimation method could be drastically impacted when the discrete observations are not synchronous with the switching instants. The model is then applied to real pathways to estimate variables of interest such as the number of operations per trip, time and distance spent fishing or travelling. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Ecological Modelling (0304-3800) (Elsevier Science Bv), 2010-07 , Vol. 221 , N. 15 , P. 1757-1769

Droits : 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00009/11993/9342.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.04.005
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00009/11993/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : [b]Aim[/b][br/] Many tropical tree species have poorly delimited taxonomic boundaries and contain undescribed or cryptic species. We examined the genetic structure of a species complex in the tree genus Carapa in the Neotropics in order to evaluate age, geographic patterns of diversity and evolutionary relationships, and to quantify levels of introgression among currently recognized species.[br/] [br/] [b]Location[/b][br/] Lowland moist forests in the Guiana Shield, the Central and Western Amazon Basin, Chocó and Central America.[br/] [br/] [b]Methods[/b][br/] Genetic structure was analysed using seven nuclear simple sequence repeats (nuSSR), five chloroplast SSRs (cpSSR), and two chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) intergenic sequences (trnH-psbA and trnC-ycf6). Bayesian clustering analysis of the SSR data was used to infer population genetic structure and to assign 324 samples to their most likely genetic cluster. Bayesian coalescence analyses were performed on the two cpDNA markers to estimate evolutionary relationships and divergence times.[br/] [br/] [b]Results[/b][br/] Two genetic clusters (nu_guianensis and nu_surinamensis) were detected, which correspond to the Neotropical species C. guianensis (sensu latu) and C. surinamensis. Fourteen cpDNA haplotypes clustered into six haplogroups distributed between the two nuclear genetic clusters. Divergence between the haplogroups was initiated in the Miocene, with some haplotype structure evolving as recently as the Pleistocene. The absence of complete lineage sorting between the nuclear and chloroplast genomes and the presence of hybrid individuals suggest that interspecific reproductive barriers are incomplete. NuSSR diversity was highest in C. guianensis and, within C. guianensis, cpDNA diversity was highest in the Central and Western Amazon Basin. Regional genetic differentiation was strong but did not conform to an isolation-by-distance process or exhibit a phylogeographical signal.[br/] [br/] [b]Main conclusions[/b][br/] The biogeographical history of Neotropical Carapa appears to have been influenced by events that took place during the Neogene. Our results point to an Amazonian centre of origin and diversification of Neotropical Carapa, with subsequent migration to the Pacific coast of South America and Central America. Gene flow apparently occurs among species, and introgression events are supported by inconsistencies between chloroplast and nuclear lineage sorting. The absence of phylogeographical structure may be a result of the ineffectiveness of geographical barriers among populations and of reproductive isolation mechanisms among incipient and cryptic species in this species complex.
ISSN: 0305-0270

hal-01032395
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032395
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02678.x

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Diploid budding yeast undergoes rapid mitosis when it ferments glucose, and in the presence of a non-fermentable carbon source and the absence of a nitrogen source it triggers sporulation. Rich medium with acetate is a commonly used pre-sporulation medium, but our understanding of the molecular events underlying the acetate-driven transition from mitosis to meiosis is still incomplete. We identified 263 proteins for which mRNA and protein synthesis are linked or uncoupled in fermenting and respiring cells. Using motif predictions, interaction data and RNA profiling we find among them 28 likely targets for Ume6, a subunit of the conserved Rpd3/Sin3 histone deacetylase-complex regulating genes involved in metabolism, stress response and meiosis. Finally, we identify 14 genes for which both RNA and proteins are detected exclusively in respiring cells but not in fermenting cells in our sample set, including CSM4, SPR1, SPS4 and RIM4, which were thought to be meiosis-specific. Our work reveals intertwined transcriptional and post-transcriptional control mechanisms acting when a MATa/α strain responds to nutritional signals, and provides molecular clues how the carbon source primes yeast cells for entering meiosis. Our integrated genomics study provides insight into the interplay between the transcriptome and the proteome in diploid yeast cells undergoing vegetative growth in the presence of glucose (fermentation) or acetate (respiration). Furthermore, it reveals novel target genes involved in these processes for Ume6, the DNA binding subunit of the conserved histone deacetylase Rpd3 and the co-repressor Sin3. We have combined data from an RNA profiling experiment using tiling arrays that cover the entire yeast genome, and a large-scale protein detection analysis based on mass spectrometry in diploid MATa/α cells. This distinguishes our study from most others in the field-which investigate haploid yeast strains-because only diploid cells can undergo meiotic development in the simultaneous absence of a non-fermentable carbon source and nitrogen. Indeed, we report molecular clues how respiration of acetate might prime diploid cells for efficient spore formation, a phenomenon that is well known but poorly understood.
ISSN: 1874-3919

hal-01122122
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01122122
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01122122/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01122122/file/Integrated%20RNA-%20and%20protein%20profiling%20of%20fermentation.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.01.015

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
AbstractBackgroundSuicide rates in prison are high and their risk factors are incompletely understood. The objective of the present study is to measure the risk of suicide and its predictors in the only prison of multicultural French Guiana.MethodsAll new prisoners arriving between September 2013 and December 2014 were included. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used and socio-demographic data was collected. In order to identify the predictors of suicide risk multivariate logistic regression was used.ResultsOf the 707 prisoners included 13.2% had a suicidal risk, 14.0% of whom had a high risk, 15.1% a moderate risk and 41.9% a low risk. Predictive factors were depression (OR 7.44, 95% CI: 3.50–15.87), dysthymia (OR 4.22, 95% CI: 1.34–13.36), panic disorder (OR 3.47, 95% CI: 1.33–8.99), general anxiety disorder (GAD) (OR 2.19, 95% CI: 1.13–4.22), men having been abused during childhood (OR 21.01, 95%, CI: 3.26–135.48), having been sentenced for sexual assault (OR 7.12, 95% CI: 1.98–25.99) and smoking (OR 2.93, 95%, CI 1.30–6.63).ConclusionThe suicide risk was lower than in mainland France, possibly reflecting the differences in the social stigma attached to incarceration because of migrant populations and the importance and trivialization of drug trafficking among detainees. However, there were no differences between nationalities. The results reemphasize the importance of promptly identifying and treating psychiatric disorders, which were the main suicide risk factors.
ISSN: 1471-244X

inserm-01517176
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01517176
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01517176/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01517176/file/12888_2017_Article_1320.pdf
DOI : 10.1186/s12888-017-1320-4

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Painful vaso-occlusive crisis, a hallmark of sickle cell anaemia, results from complex, incompletely understood mechanisms. Red blood cell (RBC) damage caused by continuous endogenous and exogenous oxidative stress may precipitate the occurrence of vaso-occlusive crises. In order to gain insight into the relevance of oxidative stress in vaso-occlusive crisis occurrence, we prospectively compared the expression levels of various oxidative markers in 32 adults with sickle cell anaemia during vaso-occlusive crisis and steady-state conditions. Compared to steady-state condition, plasma levels of free haem, advanced oxidation protein products and myeloperoxidase, RBC caspase-3 activity, as well as the concentrations of total, neutrophil- and RBC-derived microparticles were increased during vaso-occlusive crises, whereas the reduced glutathione content was decreased in RBCs. In addition, natural anti-band 3 autoantibodies levels decreased during crisis and were negatively correlated with the rise in plasma advanced oxidation protein products and RBC caspase-3 activity. These data showed an exacerbation of the oxidative stress during vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell anaemia patients and strongly suggest that the higher concentration of harmful circulating RBC-derived microparticles and the reduced anti-band 3 autoantibodies levels may be both related to the recruitment of oxidized band 3 into membrane aggregates.
ISSN: 0007-1048

hal-01668325
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01668325
DOI : 10.1111/bjh.14476