Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
Forest successional processes following disturbance take decades to play out, even in tropical forests. Nonetheless, records of vegetation change in this ecosystem are scarce, increasing the importance of the chronosequence approach to study forest recovery. However, this approach requires accurate dating of secondary forests, which until now was a difficult and/or expensive task. Cecropia is a widespread and abundant pioneer tree genus of the Neotropics. Here we propose and validate a rapid and straightforward method to estimate the age of secondary forest patches based on morphological observations of Cecropia trees. We found that Cecropia-inferred ages were highly correlated with known ages of the forest. We also demonstrate that Cecropia can be used to accurately date disturbances and propose twenty-one species distributed all over the geographical range of the genus as potential secondary forest chronometer species. Our method is limited in applicability by the maximal longevity of Cecropia individuals. Although the oldest chronosequence used in this study was 20 years old, we argue that at least for the first four decades after disturbance, the method described in this study provides very accurate estimations of secondary forest ages. The age of pioneer trees provides not only information needed to calculate the recovery of carbon stocks that would help to improve forest management, but also provides information needed to characterize the initial floristic composition and the rates of species remigration into secondary forest. Our contribution shows how successional studies can be reliably and inexpensively extended without the need to obtain forest ages based on expensive or potentially inaccurate data across the Neotropics.
ISSN: 1932-6203

halsde-00757518
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00757518
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0042643
PUBMED : 22916144

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
The implication of oxidative stress as primary mechanism inducing doxorubicin (DOX) cardiotoxicity is still questionable as many in vitro studies implied supra-clinical drug doses or unreliable methodologies for reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection. The aim of this study was to clarify whether oxidative stress is involved in compliance with the conditions of clinical use of DOX, and using reliable tools for ROS detection. We examined the cytotoxic mechanisms of 2 μM DOX 1 day after the beginning of the treatment in differentiated H9c2 rat embryonic cardiac cells. Cells were exposed for 2 or 24 h with DOX to mimic a single chronic dosage or to favor accumulation, respectively. We found that apoptosis was prevalent in cells exposed for a short period with DOX: cells showed typical hallmarks as loss of anchorage ability, mitochondrial hyperpolarization followed by the collapse of mitochondrial activity, and nuclear condensation. Increasing the exposure period favored a shift to necrosis as the cells preferentially exhibited early DNA impairment and nuclear swelling. In either case, measuring the fluorescence lifetime of 1-pyrenebutyric acid or the intensities of dihydroethidium or amplex red showed a consistent pattern in ROS production which was a slight increased level far from representative of an oxidative stress. Moreover, pre-treatment with dexrazoxane provided a cytoprotective effect although it failed to detoxify ROS. Our data support that oxidative stress is unlikely to be the primary mechanism of DOX cardiac toxicity in vitro.
ISSN: 0300-8177

hal-01285736
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01285736
DOI : 10.1007/s11010-016-2653-x

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
Smoking only partly explains the higher lung cancer incidence observed among socially deprived people. Occupational exposures may account for part of these inequalities, but this issue has been little investigated. We investigated the extent to which smoking and occupational exposures to asbestos, silica and diesel motor exhaust mediated the association between education and lung cancer incidence in men. We analyzed data from a large French population-based case–control study (1976 lung cancers, 2648 controls). Detailed information on lifelong tobacco consumption and occupational exposures to various carcinogens was collected. We conducted inverse probability-weighted marginal structural models. A strong association was observed between education and lung cancer. The indirect effect through smoking varied by educational level, with the strongest indirect effect observed for those with the lowest education (OR = 1.34 (1.14–1.57)). The indirect effect through occupational exposures was substantial among men with primary (OR = 1.22 (1.15–1.30) for asbestos and silica) or vocational secondary education (OR = 1.18 (1.12–1.25)). The contribution of smoking to educational differences in lung cancer incidence ranged from 22 % (10–34) for men with primary education to 31 % (−3 to 84) for men with a high school degree. The contribution of occupational exposures to asbestos and silica ranged from 15 % (10–20) for men with a high school degree to 20 % (13–28) for men with vocational secondary education. Our results highlight the urgent need for public health policies that aim at decreasing exposure to carcinogens at work, in addition to tobacco control policies, if we want to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in the cancer field.
ISSN: 0393-2990

hal-01360240
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01360240
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01360240/document
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01360240/file/Menvielle_2016_Quantifying_the.pdf
PUBMED : 27417979

Éditeur(s) : Oxford Univ Press
Résumé : The interrogation of genetic markers in environmental meta-barcoding studies is currently seriously hindered by the lack of taxonomically curated reference data sets for the targeted genes. The Protist Ribosomal Reference database (PR2, http://ssurrna. org/) provides a unique access to eukaryotic small sub-unit (SSU) ribosomal RNA and DNA sequences, with curated taxonomy. The database mainly consists of nuclear-encoded protistan sequences. However, metazoans, land plants, macrosporic fungi and eukaryotic organelles (mitochondrion, plastid and others) are also included because they are useful for the analysis of hightroughput sequencing data sets. Introns and putative chimeric sequences have been also carefully checked. Taxonomic assignation of sequences consists of eight unique taxonomic fields. In total, 136 866 sequences are nuclear encoded, 45 708 (36 501 mitochondrial and 9657 chloroplastic) are from organelles, the remaining being putative chimeric sequences. The website allows the users to download sequences from the entire and partial databases (including representative sequences after clustering at a given level of similarity). Different web tools also allow searches by sequence similarity. The presence of both rRNA and rDNA sequences, taking into account introns (crucial for eukaryotic sequences), a normalized eight terms ranked-taxonomy and updates of new GenBank releases were made possible by a long-term collaboration between experts in taxonomy and computer scientists.
Nucleic Acids Research (0305-1048) (Oxford Univ Press), 2013-01 , Vol. 41 , N. D1 , P. D597-D604

Droits : The Author(s) 2012. Published by Oxford University Press.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00114/22492/20174.pdf
DOI:10.1093/nar/gks1160
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00114/22492/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : LPSC14037
Scientific data collected with modern sensors or dedicated detectors exceed very often the perimeter of the initial scientific design. These data are obtained more and more frequently with large material and human efforts. A large class of scientific experiments are in fact unique because of their large scale, with very small chances to be repeated and to superseded by new experiments in the same domain: for instance high energy physics and astrophysics experiments involve multi-annual developments and a simple duplication of efforts in order to reproduce old data is simply not affordable. Other scientific experiments are in fact unique by nature: earth science, medical sciences etc. since the collected data is "time-stamped" and thereby non-reproducible by new experiments or observations. In addition, scientific data collection increased dramatically in the recent years, participating to the so-called "data deluge" and inviting for common reflection in the context of "big data" investigations. The new knowledge obtained using these data should be preserved long term such that the access and the re-use are made possible and lead to an enhancement of the initial investment. Data observatories, based on open access policies and coupled with multi-disciplinary techniques for indexing and mining may lead to truly new paradigms in science. It is therefore of outmost importance to pursue a coherent and vigorous approach to preserve the scientific data at long term. The preservation remains nevertheless a challenge due to the complexity of the data structure, the fragility of the custom-made software environments as well as the lack of rigorous approaches in workflows and algorithms. To address this challenge, the PREDON project has been initiated in France in 2012 within the MASTODONS program: a Big Data scientific challenge, initiated and supported by the Interdisciplinary Mission of the National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS). PREDON is a study group formed by researchers from different disciplines and institutes. Several meetings and workshops lead to a rich exchange in ideas, paradigms and methods. The present document includes contributions of the participants to the PREDON Study Group, as well as invited papers, related to the scientific case, methodology and technology. This document should be read as a "facts finding" resource pointing to a concrete and significant scientific interest for long term research data preservation, as well as to cutting edge methods and technologies to achieve this goal. A sustained, coherent and long term action in the area of scientific data preservation would be highly beneficial.
http://hal.in2p3.fr/in2p3-00959072

in2p3-00959072
http://hal.in2p3.fr/in2p3-00959072
http://hal.in2p3.fr/in2p3-00959072/document
http://hal.in2p3.fr/in2p3-00959072/file/PREDON_Scientific_Data_Preservation_2014.pdf

Résumé : L’Ifremer opère de façon coordonnée à l’échelle de l’ensemble du littoral métropolitain plusieurs réseaux de surveillance : le réseau de contrôle microbiologique (REMI), le réseau de surveillance du phytoplancton et des phycotoxines (REPHY), le réseau d’observation de la contamination chimique (ROCCH, ex-RNO) et le réseau de surveillance benthique (REBENT). Ils sont mis en oeuvre pour répondre aux objectifs environnementaux de la Directive Cadre sur l’Eau (DCE), aux obligations des Conventions régionales marines (OSPAR et Barcelone) et aux objectifs sanitaires réglementaires concernant le suivi de la salubrité des coquillages des zones de pêche et de production conchylicoles. La surveillance de la survie et de la croissance des mollusques est assurée par le Réseau Mollusques des Ressources Aquacoles (REMORA) qui est mis en place sur les 3 façades maritimes. Les réseaux de surveillance sont mis en oeuvre par les Laboratoires Environnement Ressources (LER) de l’Ifremer. Ils mettent également en oeuvre des réseaux de surveillance régionaux sur la côte d’Opale (SRN), le littoral normand (RHLN), le bassin d’Arcachon (ARCHYD) et les lagunes méditerranéennes (RSL-RLC), pour approfondir le diagnostic local. Ainsi, le dispositif de surveillance s’enrichit sur certains secteurs littoraux de résultats sur l’hydrologie soutenant l’évaluation de la qualité du milieu.

Droits : 2010 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00032/14346/11630.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00032/14346/

Résumé : Cet essai interlaboratoire (EIL) pour l’analyse des nutriments en milieu marin a été organisé par le laboratoire DYNECO/PELAGOS de l’IFREMER le 27 février 2007.Il a été proposé en décembre 2006 aux Laboratoires Environnement Ressources (LER) de l’IFREMER, aux sous-traitants ou collaborateurs des LER, aux laboratoires effectuant des analyses dans le cadre du RNO-hydrologie, aux laboratoires du CNRS participant à SOMLIT (Service d’Observation du Milieu LITtoral) et aux laboratoires de l’IRD. Les 26 laboratoires qui ont participé à cet essai sont listés en Annexe 1. Aucune consigne n’a été donnée sur le choix de la technique analytique : chaque laboratoire a utilisé sa méthode de routine.

Droits : 2007 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00020/13143/10184.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00020/13143/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD AGU and the Geochemical Society
Résumé : International audience
New magnetotelluric and receiver transfer function studies provide insights from the upper to the lower crust of the eastern Betic Cordillera, which is deformed by large folds, normal faults, and a major transcurrent left-lateral fault, the Carboneras Fault Zone (CFZ). Receiver function analysis determines a NNW dipping Moho reaching 20 degrees that increases in depth, from 20 km south of the CFZ up to 34 km in the Sierra de Los Filabres. In addition, seismic discontinuities determined in the upper crust are interpreted as major contacts between metamorphic complexes that are detached and folded. The MT inversion model reveals a conductive zone, also representing a crustal seismic discontinuity, associated with the Alpujarride/Nevado-Filabride contact and fitting the N vergent geometry of the Sierra Alhamilla antiform. A small flexure at Moho coincides with the CFZ, as revealed by the Bouguer anomaly trend, in agreement with the receiver function results. Moreover, the Bahr strike and tipper angle at the stations placed closest to the CFZ clearly reveal the continuity of the CFZ at least down to approximately 15 km in depth, crossing all the detected crustal discontinuities up to the Moho. The lack of a clear Moho offset associated with the Carboneras Fault supports the idea that some large strike-slip faults tend to accommodate the deformation by a broadening fault zone at lower crustal levels. Its nucleation could occur at the base of a thin crust, where melting processes critically reduced the lithospheric strength during the late Miocene, to then propagate upward, reaching the topographic surface. Northward, the lithosphere comprised moderately larger strength, and the crustal discontinuities favored the development of larger folds with kilometric amplitude instead of strike-slip faults since the late Miocene.
ISSN: 1525-2027

hal-00671024
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00671024
DOI : 10.1029/2010GC003274

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of family history of cancer and personal history of other medical conditions in the aetiology of the oral cavity cancer in France. METHODS: We used data from 689 cases of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma and 3481 controls included in a population-based case--control study, the ICARE study. Odds-ratios (ORs) associated with family history of cancer and personal medical conditions and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression and were adjusted for age, gender, area of residence, education, body mass index, tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking. RESULTS: Personal history of oral candidiasis was related to a significantly increased risk of oral cavity cancer (OR 5.0, 95% CI 2.1-12.1). History of head and neck cancers among the first-degree relatives was associated with an OR of 1.9 (95% CI 1.2-2.8). The risk increased with the number of first-degree relatives with head and neck cancer. CONCLUSION: A family history of head and neck cancer is a marker of an increased risk of oral cavity cancer and should be taken into account to target prevention efforts and screening. Further studies are needed to clarify the association between oral cavity cancer and personal history of candidiasis.
ISSN: 1471-2407

inserm-00913514
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00913514
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00913514/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00913514/file/1471-2407-13-560.pdf
DOI : 10.1186/1471-2407-13-560

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Women of reproductive age can be exposed to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) at work, and exposure to EDCs in pregnancy may affect fetal growth. OBJECTIVES: We assessed whether maternal occupational exposure to EDCs during pregnancy as classified by application of a job exposure matrix was associated with birth weight, term low birth weight (LBW), length of gestation, and preterm delivery. METHODS: Using individual participant data from 133,957 mother-child pairs in 13 European cohorts spanning births from 1994 through 2011, we linked maternal job titles with exposure to 10 EDC groups as assessed through a job exposure matrix. For each group, we combined the two levels of exposure categories (possible and probable) and compared birth outcomes with the unexposed group (exposure unlikely). We performed meta-analyses of cohort-specific estimates. RESULTS: Eleven percent of pregnant women were classified as exposed to EDCs at work during pregnancy, based on job title. Classification of exposure to one or more EDC group was associated with an increased risk of term LBW [odds ratio (OR) = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.49], as were most specific EDC groups; this association was consistent across cohorts. Further, the risk increased with increasing number of EDC groups (OR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.10, 4.06 for exposure to four or more EDC groups). There were few associations (p < 0.05) with the other outcomes; women holding job titles classified as exposed to bisphenol A or brominated flame retardants were at higher risk for longer length of gestation. CONCLUSION: Results from our large population-based birth cohort design indicate that employment during pregnancy in occupations classified as possibly or probably exposed to EDCs was associated with an increased risk of term LBW.
ISSN: 0091-6765

hal-01405823
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01405823
DOI : 10.1289/EHP208
PUBMED : 27152464

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The potential effects of the mineralogical composition of sediment on the degradation of oil buried on sandy beaches were investigated. Toward that purpose, a laboratory experiment was carried out with sandy sediment collected along NW Iberian Peninsula beaches, tar-balls from the Prestige oil spill (NW Spain) and seawater. The results indicate that the mineralogical composition is important for the physical appearance of the oil (tar-balls or oil coatings). This finding prompted a reassessment of the current sequence of degradation for buried oil based on compositional factors. Moreover, the halo development of the oil coatings might be enhanced by the carbonate concentration of the sand. These findings open new prospects for future monitoring and management programs for oiled sandy beaches.
ISSN: 0025-326X

hal-01122779
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01122779
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.040

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Active faults from the Campo de Dalías (SE Betic Cordillera) allow us to constrain the deformation styles involved in the development of segmented oblique-slip faults. This sector constitutes the widest outcrop of Plio-Quaternary sediments in the northern boundary of the Alboran Sea. It has emerged since the Late Pliocene, and therefore provides recent deformation markers that are not disturbed by erosive processes. The faults started to grow during the Pleistocene, reactivating previous hybrid joints, with a normal-dextral slip. We present a detailed map of the largest fault in the area, the Loma del Viento fault, comprising six onshore segments. Based on field work and aerial photography, the distributions of the contiguous joints have been mapped, and the joints reactivated as faults are identified. Some of these fault segments are hard-linked, and fault slip enhances toward the linkage sectors between them with associated sedimentary depocenters. An electrical tomography profile reveals the wedge geometry of a unit of Pleistocene conglomerates and red silts that were coevally deposited during the fault movement. Long-term slip rate in the central part of the fault is estimated at 0.07 ± 0.03 mm/y. In addition, a seismic crisis nucleated close to the Loma del Viento fault during November 2010 was recorded. Moment tensor analysis of the two mainshocks (Mw 3.5 and 4.2) provides a focal solution indicating a N120°E striking right-lateral strike-slip fault. The corrugated morphology of the Loma del Viento fault may have influenced its seismic behavior. Some of the fault segments are oblique to the general motion of the fault. These oblique segments would provide higher resistance against the general fault motion and could lock the fault, leading to accumulate elastic energy.
ISSN: 0040-1951

hal-00750357
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00750357
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2011.12.001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley Open Access
Résumé : International audience
Estetrol (E4) is a natural estrogen with a long half-life produced only by the human fetal liver during pregnancy. The crystal structures of the estrogen receptor α (ERα) ligand-binding domain bound to 17β-estradiol (E2) and E4 are very similar, as well as their capacity to activate the two activation functions AF-1 and AF-2 and to recruit the coactivator SRC3. In vivo administration of high doses of E4 stimulated uterine gene expression, epithelial proliferation, and prevented atheroma, three recognized nuclear ERα actions. However, E4 failed to promote endothelial NO synthase activation and acceleration of endothelial healing, two processes clearly dependent on membrane-initiated steroid signaling (MISS). Furthermore, E4 antagonized E2 MISS-dependent effects in endothelium but also in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. This profile of ERα activation by E4, uncoupling nuclear and membrane activation, characterizes E4 as a selective ER modulator which could have medical applications that should now be considered further.
ISSN: 1757-4676

hal-01118028
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01118028
PUBMED : 25214462
PUBMEDCENTRAL : PMC4287935
DOI : 10.15252/emmm.201404112

Éditeur(s) : Editions de l’institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer
Résumé : Epsilonematids are epifaunal nematodes characterized by an epsilon-shaped body and the presence of ambulatory setae, which are used in their locomotion. Nematodes belonging to this family were recently found in deep sea, especially in cold-water coral and seamount ecosystems. Akanthepsilonema oceanopolis sp. nov. (Nematoda: Epsilonematidae) is described from sediments of the Condor Seamount (North-East Atlantic Ocean) at 206 m water depth. Its main features are a heterogeneous cuticule with large horn-like dorsal spines both in anterior and in posterior regions; the presence of eight subcephalic setae arranged in two rows and the ratio maximum/minimum body diameter larger than two. The taxonomic position of this new species within the genus is discussed and a key to all species from the genus was added.
Les nématodes de la famille des Epsilonematidae se caractérisent par un corps en forme d’epsilon et par la présence de soies ambulatoires servant à la mobilité. Des représentants de cette famille ont récemment été découverts en environnement marin profond, notamment au niveau des récifs de coraux d’eau froide et des monts sous-marins. La nouvelle espèce Akanthepsilonema oceanopolis (Nematoda : Epsilonematidae) est décrite des sédiments du mont sous-marin Condor, situé dans l’Atlantique nord-est, collectés à 206 m de profondeur. Ses principaux caractères sont la présence d’une cuticule hétérogène munie de grandes épines dorsales recourbées, à la fois dans les régions antérieure et postérieure ; la présence de quatre paires de soies subcéphaliques disposées en deux rangées et un ratio diamètre maximal/diamètre minimal du corps supérieur à deux. La position taxinomique de cette espèce au sein du genre Akanthepsilonema est discutée et une clé des espèces connues du genre est donnée.
An aod - les cahiers naturalistes de l’Observatoire marin (2263-5718) (Editions de l’institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer), 2014 , Vol. 3 , N. 1 , P. 1-10

Droits : Editions de l’institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00199/31050/29470.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00199/31050/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Société géologique de France
Résumé : International audience
EISSN: 1777-5817

hal-01672822
https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01672822
DOI : 10.1051/bsgf/2017183