Résumé : The populations of fishes dwelling near the sea bed (demersal species) on the continental shelf are usually the object of intense commercial exploitation. The Bay of Biscay shelf is no exception. Hence, populations suffer from this exploitation. Moreover, the general role played by hydro-climatic variations in the regulation of the abundance of demersal fish populations (population dynamics) is traditionally admitted. In the Bay of Biscay, a warming of the surface water has been observed over the three last decades (Koutsikopoulos et al., 1998). Climate change therefore has potential consequences on fish communities. Thus, the structure and dynamics of fish populations on the continental shelf of the Bay of Biscay are susceptible to suffer both from the effects of a human activity (fishing) and of climate change (warming). Fisheries should therefore suffer more or less from these changes depending on their adaptation capacity.
Les peuplements de poissons vivant à proximité du fond (espèces démersales) sur le plateau continental font généralement l'objet d'une exploitation commerciale intense. Le plateau du Golfe de Gascogne n'échappe pas à cette règle. Les populations y subissent donc les effets de l'exploitation. Par ailleurs, le rôle général des variations hydro-climatiques dans la régulation de l'abondance des populations démersales de poissons (la dynamique des populations) est classiquement admis. Dans le Golfe de Gascogne, un réchauffement des eaux de surface au cours des trois dernières décennies est observé (Koutsikopoulos et al., 1998). Le changement climatique a donc des conséquences potentielles sur la communauté de poissons. Ainsi, la structure et la dynamique du peuplement de poissons du plateau continental du Golfe de Gascogne sont susceptibles de répondre à la fois aux effets d'une activité humaine (la pêche) et du changement climatique (réchauffement). Les pêcheries devraient donc subir ces changements selon leur capacité d'adaptation.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/rapport-6347.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6347/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
The Black Rat (Rattus rattus) spread out of Asia to become one of the world's worst agricultural and urban pests, and a reservoir or vector of numerous zoonotic diseases, including the devastating plague. Despite the global scale and inestimable cost of their impacts on both human livelihoods and natural ecosystems, little is known of the global genetic diversity of Black Rats, the timing and directions of their historical dispersals, and the risks associated with contemporary movements. We surveyed mitochondrial DNA of Black Rats collected across their global range as a first step towards obtaining an historical genetic perspective on this socioeconomically important group of rodents. We found a strong phylogeographic pattern with well-differentiated lineages of Black Rats native to South Asia, the Himalayan region, southern Indochina, and northern Indochina to East Asia, and a diversification that probably commenced in the early Middle Pleistocene. We also identified two other currently recognised species of Rattus as potential derivatives of a paraphyletic R.rattus. Three of the four phylogenetic lineage units within R. rattus show clear genetic signatures of major population expansion in prehistoric times, and the distribution of particular haplogroups mirrors archaeologically and historically documented patterns of human dispersal and trade. Commensalism clearly arose multiple times in R. Rattus and in widely separated geographic regions, and this may account for apparent regionalism in their associated pathogens. Our findings represent an important step towards deeper understanding the complex and influential relationship that has developed between Black Rats and humans, and invite a thorough re-examination of host-pathogen associations among Black Rats.
PLoS ONE

ird-00714383
http://hal.ird.fr/ird-00714383
http://hal.ird.fr/ird-00714383/document
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0026357
IRD : fdi:010055548

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Notre projet s'initie sur l'idée qu'en matière d'enseignement, les canaux de communication servent de vecteur essentiel au processus de transmission appropriation des savoirs. Il ambitionne donc d'identifier comment les acteurs du contrat didactique vont organiser dans le temps les transformations dans l'enchainement de ces canaux. Nous appellerons "transduction codiques" ce phénomène et nous chercherons à en mesurer l'impact sur les apprentissages. Le cadre théorique exploité est celui de la théorie de l'action conjointe en didactique. Le dispositif mis en place permettra de nous plonger au coeur de ces transductions par un dispositif d'observation réciproque directe de l'activité conjointe (trace audio visuelle croisée) et par le récit des enseignants et des élèves (entretien a priori et entretien a postériori). Les premiers résultats obtenus ont d'abord mis en évidence que les transductions codiques sont caractérisables en s'organisant selon une direction préférentielle et selon le registre d'action enseignante. L'étude révèle également qu'elles sont impulsées par le recours à des savoirs professionnels et académiques pour ensuite être pilotées dans leur transformation par les phénomènes d'interaction qui semblent dépendre de la position (topos) occupée par les élèves dans ce maillage d'interactions. Mots clés : interaction, contrat et milieu didactique, communication, transduction codique, rétrogénèse sémiotique. Introduction : Notre recherche cible le domaine des pratiques enseignantes, en se focalisant, à partir des caractéristiques du système didactique, sur les interactions entre l'enseignant et les élèves à propos de certains objets de savoir. Nous nous sommes appuyés sur la discipline éducation physique et sportive (EPS) comme contexte de transaction (dimension spécifique) avec comme objet d'étude les dynamiques évolutives des modes de communications qui
Analyses didactiques des pratiques d’enseignement et de formation : quelles perspectives ?
Toulouse, France

hal-01620926
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01620926

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD La Documentation Francaise
Résumé : International audience
Les Parcs naturels Régionaux (PNR) français créés en 1967 constituent des laboratoires pour la mise en œuvre d'un développement durable avant la lettre. Ils ont en effet expérimenté divers modes de valorisation et de conservation des patrimoines naturel et culturel de leurs territoires, dont le marquage de produits et de services territorialement ancrés. À ce titre, ils sont l'objet d'un intérêt renouvelé au niveau international et apparaissent comme un modèle possible de gestion des aires protégées et de valorisation de la biodiversité, notamment pour les pays du Sud. Nous étudions les impacts en termes de développement local durable de la mise en œuvre des marques " Parc Naturel régional ", à partir de l'exemple du PNR des Grands-Causses, un territoire rural de moyenne montagne situé au Sud de la France. Notre ancrage analytique - l'économie de proximités - nous conduit à privilégier la dimension " sociale " de la durabilité en nous intéressant tout particulièrement aux impacts du marquage en termes d'action collective. Il nous permet d'identifier des éléments clés de la réussite d'une telle politique et de son applicabilité dans des contextes différents, en particulier dans des pays en développement.
ISSN: 0002-0478

hal-00982857
https://hal-agroparistech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00982857
DOI : 10.3917/afco.222.0149

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD De Boeck Supérieur
Résumé : International audience
L’objectif de cette recherche est de connaître l’impact de la langue sur la capacité d’imagerie du mouvement d’enfants guadeloupéens. Un individu peut se représenter des informations verbales sous une forme imagée (Denis, 1989; Paivio, 1986). La langue peut- elle influencer cette capacité chez des individus bilingues ? Le créole étant plus imagé que le français (Michelot, 2000), nous prévoyons une influence distincte de la langue sur le degré de vivacité des images mentales. Cent-vingt-trois collégiens guadeloupéens (âge moyen 13.45) ont rempli un questionnaire d’imagerie du mouvement (MIQ de Hall et Pongrac, 1983) mesurant la vivacité d’images visuelles et kinesthésiques. Un groupe « créole » (59 enfants; âge moyen 13.43) l’a passé en créole et un groupe « français » (64 enfants; âge moyen 13.46) en français. Finalement, la langue n’influence pas la capacité d’imagerie mentale de notre échantillon. Mais la vivacité des images kinesthésiques est supérieure en français chez les sujets de 11 à 13 ans et celle des images visuelles des sujets de 14 à 16 ans est supérieure à celle des sujets de 11 à 13 ans seulement en créole. La langue semble influencer la capacité d’imagerie mentale des sujets en fonction de l’âge.
ISSN: 0247-106X

hal-01540818
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01540818

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : 06072 - 89 p.
Projet retenu dans l'appel à projet en 2003. ACI Ecole et Sciences cognitives (Ministère délégué à la recherche et aux nouvelles technologies)
Ce projet vise en particulier à répondre à trois questions : Le niveau de langage en français des enfants créolophones est-il quantitativement et qualitativement différent des enfants de métropole ? Existe t-il une corrélation entre les compétences langagières dans l'une et l'autre langue ? Leur niveau en deux langues exerce t-il un impact sur leurs acquisitions scolaires?
Avant de présenter la méthodologie de l'étude, une revue de questions et d'études en matière de bilinguisme est proposée selon deux champs disciplinaires : psycholinguistique et sociologie de l'éducation.
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00218159

halshs-00218159
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00218159
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00218159/document
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00218159/file/06072.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Experimental studies have demonstrated that the antileukemic trivalent inorganic arsenic prevents the development of severe pro-inflammatory diseases mediated by excessive Th1 and Th17 cell responses. Differentiation of Th1 and Th17 subsets is mainly regulated by interleukins (ILs) secreted from dendritic cells (DCs) and the ability of inorganic arsenic to impair interferon-γ and IL-17 secretion by interfering with the physiology of DCs is unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that high concentrations of sodium arsenite (As(III), 1-2 μM) clinically achievable in plasma of arsenic-treated patients, block differentiation of human peripheral blood monocytes into immature DCs (iDCs) by inducing their necrosis. Differentiation of monocytes in the presence of non-cytotoxic concentrations of As(III) (0.1 to 0.5 μM) only slightly impacts endocytotic activity of iDCs or expression of co-stimulatory molecules in cells activated with lipopolysaccharide. However, this differentiation in the presence of As(III) strongly represses secretion of IL-12p70 and IL-23, two major regulators of Th1 and Th17 activities, from iDCs stimulated with different toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists in metalloid-free medium. Such As(III)-exposed DCs also exhibit reduced mRNA levels of IL12A and/or IL12B genes when activated with TLR agonists. Finally, differentiation of monocytes with non-cytotoxic concentrations of As(III) subsequently reduces the ability of activated DCs to stimulate the release of interferon-γ and IL-17 from Th cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that clinically relevant concentrations of inorganic arsenic markedly impair in vitro differentiation and functions of DCs, which may contribute to the putative beneficial effects of the metalloid towards inflammatory autoimmune diseases.
ISSN: 0041-008X

inserm-00813758
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00813758
DOI : 10.1016/j.taap.2012.11.008
PUBMED : 23164666

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD MDPI
Résumé : International audience
The issue of drinking water quality compliance in small and medium scale water services is of paramount importance in relation to the 98/83/CE European Drinking Water Directive (DWD). Additionally, concerns are being expressed over the implementation of the DWD with respect to possible impacts on water quality from forecast changes in European climate with global warming and further anticipated reductions in north European acid emissions. Consequently, we have developed a decision support system (DSS) named ARTEM-WQ (AwaReness Tool for the Evaluation and Mitigation of drinking Water Quality issues resulting from environmental changes) to support decision making by small and medium plant operators and other water stakeholders. ARTEM-WQ is based on a sequential risk analysis approach that includes consideration of catchment characteristics, climatic conditions and treatment operations. It provides a holistic evaluation of the water system, while also assessing human health risks of organic contaminants potentially present in treated waters (steroids, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, bisphenol-a, polychlorobiphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, petrochemical hydrocarbons and disinfection by-products; n = 109). Moreover, the system provides recommendations for improvement while supporting decision making in its widest context. The tool has been tested on various European catchments and shows a promising potential to inform water managers of risks and appropriate mitigative actions. Further improvements should include toxicological knowledge advancement, environmental background pollutant concentrations and the assessment of the impact of distribution systems on water quality variation.
ISSN: 1660-4601

hal-01122233
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01122233
PUBMED : 25046634
DOI : 10.3390/ijerph110707354
PUBMEDCENTRAL : PMC4113881

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Si la production d'énergie renouvelable solaire, éolienne et géothermique est bien développée en Guadeloupe, il n'en est pas de même de l'éducation au développement durable dont la mise en place est très récente. Issu de travaux portant sur les mécanismes de contextualisation des savoirs scientifiques, l'enquête exposée ici vise à caractériser les conceptions d'élèves de CM2 sur la géothermie en fonction du contexte géologique dans lequel ils vivent. L'impact de l'opinion de l'enseignant sur celles de ses élèves est également mis en question par le fait que les élèves ayant un enseignant impliqué de manière critique ou positive ont une opinion plus positive de l'usine géothermique voisine. La détermination de l'opinion des élèves sur cet exemple semble donc soit être plus influencée par le contexte familial que par le scolaire, soit ne se construire plus nettement, par accord ou par opposition, face à l'implication de l'enseignant. Abstract If the production of solar, wind and geothermal energy is important in Guadeloupe, it is not the same for sustainable development education. Deriving from work on the mechanisms of contextualization of scientific knowledge, the investigation presented here aims to characterize the concepts of 10 years pupils about geothermal energy as a function of geological setting in which they live. The impact of the views of the teachers on those students is also questioned. Pupils with one teacher involved in citizen group critical or positive about geothermal plant, have a more positive view of the nearby geothermal plant. The determination of students' opinions on this example seems to be more influenced by family background than by the school or not to build more significantly, by agreement or opposition, given the involvement of the teacher.
19th Caribbean Geological conference
Gosier, Guadeloupe

hal-01539490
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01539490
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01539490/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01539490/file/FORMACOR.pdf

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : La notion du tourisme moteur de développement n’a pas survécu à la chute du communisme. Cette chute a rendu caduc, le rôle idéologique de ce secteur, symbole et acteur du libéralisme au temps de la guerre froide. De fait, le tourisme retrouve sa place « normale » parmi les vocations nationales des pays en développement : aide au développement et/ou lutte contre la pauvreté !Le Maroc, l’un des pionniers du libéralisme en Afrique, n’a pas échappé aux conséquences du suivisme économique propre aux pays d’Afrique, socialistes et libéraux confondus. Du tourisme moteur de développement (1964), il a récemment procédé au réajustement de sa stratégie en matière du développement touristique, en en faisant un secteur d’appoint pour l’économie nationale. « Le miracle économique du tourisme n’a donc pas eu lieu ! » (Hillali, 2007). Constat d’échec ou réajustement stratégique normal, la question est posée. À ce propos, deux initiatives méritent d’être citées :- Le tourisme représente un secteur d’activité qui procure emplois et revenus aux citadins démunis (artisanat, emplois peu qualifiés...) et aux populations rurales (gites, auberges, accompagnement...) dans le cadre de la nouvelle stratégie des Pays d’accueil touristiques (2003), du tourisme de niches et de l’aide aux jeunes entrepreneurs. - L’initiative nationale du développement humain (INDH), lancée en 2004, est censée épauler les nécessiteux dans cette politique sociale et économique de grande envergure.Or, en dépit des programmes bien planifiés, les résultats sont mitigés. Peut-être, est-il que la mise en pratique de ces nouvelles approches de développement local et ciblé (actions opérationnelles) et les méthodes d’évaluation qui en assurent le suivi (mesure des impacts) ne sont pas encore assez rôdées.
The concept of tourism as a driving force for development has not survived the fall of communism. The end of the Cold War rendered the ideological role of the tourism sector, as a main tool of liberalism, obsolete. Today, the most common setting for the tourism sector is in developing countries, as a tool for development and/or poverty reduction.Morocco, one of the pioneers of liberalism in Africa, has not escaped the consequences of the economic band wagonning among African states, socialists and liberals alike. A driving force for tourism development in the last century (1964), Morocco has recently readjusted its strategy to create an extra sector to contribute to the national economy. "The economic miracle of tourism has not taken place!"(Hillali, 2007). The question is posed: What is more appropriate, identifying failures or engaging in strategic readjustment? In this regard, two initiatives are worth mentioning: - Tourism is an industry that provides jobs and income for the urban (crafts, low-skilled jobs) and rural (cottages, inns, coaching) poor as part of the new strategy of the country’s tourist reception (2003), tourism niches and helping young entrepreneurs. - The National Initiative for Human Development (NIHD), launched in 2004, aims to support those in need in major social and economic policies.However, despite well-planned programs, the results have been mixed. Perhaps it is that the implementation of these new approaches to local development and targeted (operational activities) and evaluation methods that ensure monitoring (measurement of impacts) do not overlap enough.
Afrique
Maroc

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.6563
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/6563

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
More and more animal species are endangered every day on earth. In order to study their adaptation to world and climate change and their chances of survival, numerous initiatives have been taken that mostly need human intrusion into animal communities. Today mobile devices enable researchers to go beyond this limit. In this paper, we propose an original solution that consists on a new framework for detecting individual songs in a bird population and identifying remotely by this way their collective behavior in movements without human interaction. Movement patterns are elicited by analyzing data collected via wireless sensors fitted with microphone. Whereas similar methods use mobile devices fitted on some specimens, we rather propose fixed sensors. We demonstrate that this solution provides a good answer to technical constraints assessed by the context and we discuss results of experimental simulations that allow to define optimized parameters for the architecture to be set up on the ground. Experimental results are provided and show the relative impact of different parameters such as the number of sensors or the population size on the detection rate.
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Advances in Mobile Computing and Multimedia (MOMM 2010)

hal-00601641
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00601641

Éditeur(s) : Wiley-blackwell
Résumé : Aims To describe the diversity of the culturable mesophilic and potentially pathogenic vibrios isolated at 22 and 37 degrees C on TCBS medium, in September 2009 from seawater and surface sediments. Methods and Results q-PCR assays previously selected for the identification of bacterial strains isolated at 37 degrees C were used in combination with the partial sequencing of two housekeeping genes, pyrH and toxR, to identify 315 strains isolated at 22 degrees C. The great majority of the 37 degrees C strains was identified by q-PCR assays, (five of the six species) with the predominance of Vibrio alginolyticus (85 center dot 9%) and V.harveyi (10 center dot 7%). The human pathogens V.parahaemolyticus and V.cholerae were rarely detected (two strains each). The 22 degrees C strains were successfully identified by the phylogeny analysis of pyrH and toxR genes, revealing 20 Vibrio species, with the predominance of the clam pathogen V.celticus (36 center dot 8%). The Splendidus and the Harveyi groups represented the main Vibrio group at 22 degrees C (80%) and 37 degrees C (99 center dot 5%), respectively. Conclusions The combination of q-PCR assays and the sequencing of pyrH and toxR genes highlighted two different Vibrio communities at 22 and 37 degrees C both dominated by pathogenic species for marine organisms. Significance and Impact of the Study The sequencing of the pyrH gene revealed to be a valuable tool to identify environmental Vibrio spp. strains isolated at 22 degrees C, as 92 center dot 3% of them were identified in this study.
Journal Of Applied Microbiology (1364-5072) (Wiley-blackwell), 2013-06 , Vol. 114 , N. 6 , P. 1713-1724

Droits : 2013 The Society for Applied Microbiology
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00144/25502/24832.pdf
DOI:10.1111/jam.12181
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00144/25502/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Publibook
Résumé : International audience
The article explores the influence of capitalism on the ideology and the cultural aspects of the Rastafarian movement in the Caribbean and in North America. Record labels have had a strong influence on the spreading of Rastafarian faith and on the music that rose from the movement. In Jamaica, Rastafarianism is a powerful touristic magnet. Tourist coming to Jamaica and hoping to discover its roots are bringing tangible resources to the economy of the island. I'm looking into the impact of these economic forces on the movement in Jamaica. Finally, I focus on the evolution of the most significant aspect of the movement since it became international during the seventies.
L'essai examine l'impact de la logique capitaliste sur le mouvement rastafari. Nous considérons particulièrement l'influence des maisons de disque sur l'idéologie et la musique des artistes rasta. Le mouvement rastafari et le reggae exercent un attrait touristique for en faveur de la Jamaïque. Nous analysons les conséquences de ce phénomène sur la dynamique du rastafarisme sur l'île.
Lire, traduire, écrire la culture. A la croisée des Cultural Studies et des Postcolonial Studies

ISBN : 9782342042153
hal-01380193
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01380193

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Physiological Society
Résumé : International audience
Zidi-Yahiaoui N, Callebaut I, Genetet S, Le Van Kim C, Cartron JP, Colin Y, Ripoche P, Mouro-Chanteloup I. Functional analysis of human RhCG: comparison with E. coli ammonium transporter reveals similarities in the pore and differences in the vestibule. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 297: C537–C547, 2009. First published June 24, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00137.2009.—Rh glycoproteins are members of the ammonium transporter (Amt)/methylamine permease (Mep)/Rh family facilitating movement of NH3 across plasma membranes. Homology models constructed on the basis of the experimental structures of Escherichia coli AmtB and Nitrosomonas europaea Rh50 indicated a channel structure for human RhA (RhAG), RhB (RhBG), and RhC (RhCG) glycoproteins in which external and internal vestibules are linked by a pore containing two strictly conserved histidines. The pore entry is constricted by two highly conserved phenylalanines, “twin-Phe.” In this study, RhCG function was investigated by stopped-flow spectrofluorometry measuring kinetic pH variations in HEK293E cells in the presence of an ammonium gradient. The apparent unitary NH3 permeability of RhCG was determined and was found to be close to that of AmtB. With a site-directed mutagenesis approach, critical residues involved in Rh NH3 channel activity were highlighted. In the external vestibule, the importance of both the charge and the conformation of the conserved aspartic acid was shown. In contrast to AmtB, individual mutations of each phenylalanine of the twin-Phe impaired the function while the removal of both resulted in recovery of the transport activity. The impact of the mutations suggests that, although having a common function and a similar channel structure, bacterial AmtB and human Rh vary in several aspects of the NH3 transport mechanisms.
ISSN: 0363-6143

hal-00417492
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00417492
DOI : 10.1152/ajpcell.00137.2009.

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND:Dengue fever is the most important arboviral infection that affects humans, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Here, we provide the first comprehensive overview of the severity of dengue epidemics in French Guiana.METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:We monitored hospitalized cases between 2008 and 2013. Detailed clinical features and biological parameters were collected on a daily basis from all cases. Among the 1,356 cases, 216 (16%) were classified according to the WHO 2009 classification as dengue without warning signs (WS), 926 (68%) were classified as dengue with WS and 214 (16%) were classified as severe dengue. The severity rates were similar between the three major epidemics that occurred during the study period, whereas the hospitalization rate was highest in 2013. Fluid accumulation, aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) counts>193 IU/L and platelet counts<75,000 cells/mm3 were associated with dengue severity.CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:Our findings provide a recent epidemiological description of the severity of dengue epidemics in French Guiana. These results highlight the potential impacts and consequences of implementing the WHO 2009 classification on hospital activity. Future studies should include virological and immunological investigations of well-documented serum samples
ISSN: 1932-6203

inserm-01481447
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01481447
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01481447/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01481447/file/2017%2C%20Flamand%20-%20Epidemiological%20assessment%20of%20the%20severity%20of%20dengue%20epidemics%20in%20French%20Guiana.pdf
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0172267.t003

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Society for Microbiology
Résumé : International audience
A number of men receiving prolonged suppressive HAART still shed HIV in semen. To investigate whether this seminal shedding may be due to poor drug penetration and/or viral production by long-lived cells within male genital tissues, we analyzed semen and reproductive tissues from macaques chronically infected with SIVmac251 submitted to HAART for 4 months, intensified over the last seven weeks with an integrase inhibitor. We showed that a subset of treated animals continued shedding SIV in semen despite efficient HAART. This shedding was not associated with low antiretroviral drug concentrations in semen, or in testis, epididymis, seminal vesicles and prostate. HAART had no significant impact on SIV RNA in the urethra, whereas it drastically reduced SIV RNA levels in the prostate and vas deferens, and to a lesser extent in the epididymis and seminal vesicle. The only detectable SIV RNA positive cells within the male genital tract after HAART were urethral macrophages. SIV DNA levels in genital tissues were not decreased by HAART, suggesting the presence throughout the male genital tract of non-productively infected cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that 4 months of HAART induced variable and limited control of viral infection in the male reproductive organs, particularly the urethra, and suggest that infected long-lived cells in the male genital tract may be involved in persistent seminal shedding during HAART. These results pave the way for further investigations of male genital organs infection in long term treated infected individuals. A substantial subset of men receiving prolonged suppressive HAART in the blood still harbor HIV in semen, and cases of sexual transmission have been reported. To understand the origin of this persistence, we analyzed the semen and male reproductive tissues from SIV-infected macaques treated by HAART. We demonstrated that persistent seminal shedding was not linked to poor drug penetration in semen or semen-producing prostate, seminal vesicle, epididymis and testis. We revealed that HAART decreased SIV RNA to various extents in all male genital organs, with the exception of the urethra, in which SIV RNA+ macrophages were observed despite HAART. Importantly also, HAART did not impact SIV DNA levels in the male genital organs. These results suggest that infection of male genital organs, and particularly the urethra, could be involved in the release of virus in semen during HAART.
ISSN: 0022-538X

hal-01139816
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01139816
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01139816/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01139816/file/Detection%20of%20SIV%20in%20Semen%2C%20Urethra%2C%20and%20Male%20Reproductive%20Organs%20during%20Efficient%20Highly%20Active%20Antiretroviral%20Therapy.pdf
PUBMEDCENTRAL : PMC4442442

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Diffusion du document : INRA Unité d'Economie et Sociologie rurales rue Adolphe Bobierre CS 61103 35011 Rennes Cedex (FRA)
Dans le cadre de l'Organisation commune de marché de la banane (OCMB) instituée dans l'Union européenne (UE) en 1993, celle-ci impose un contingent tarifaire contraignant à ses importations de bananes en provenance d'Amérique latine (bananes "dollar"). Le système de gestion des certificats d'importation (ou droits à importer) lié à ce contingent présente la particularité d'allouer 30 % des droits à des firmes importatrices de bananes en provenance d'origines non soumises au contingent, i. e., les zones ACP (Afrique, Caraïbes et Pacifique) et communautaires. Cet article développe un cadre d'analyse théorique du fonctionnement du marché des certificats d'importation verticalement lié au marché contingenté de la banane dans l'UE. Le modèle développé permet d'analyser l'impact d'éventuels comportements non concurrentiels des firmes importatrices de bananes "dollar" sur la détermination du prix d'équilibre des certificats d'importation et sur le partage de la rente associée au contingent tarifaire entre les différents opérateurs de la filière.
15. Journées de microéconomie appliquée
Pointe-à-Pitre, France

hal-01594045
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01594045
PRODINRA : 151943

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The plastic component bisphenol A (BPA) is suspected to exert deleterious effects towards human health and targets various cellular and molecular pathways, including activity of ATP-binding cassette drug transporters. The present study was designed to determine whether BPA and some derivatives, like its substitutes bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) and the flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), may additionally interact with solute carrier (SLC) drug transporters. Activities of the various following SLC transporters were inhibited in a major way (by > 60%) by 100 μM bisphenols: OCT1 and MATE1 (by BPA and TBBPA), OATP1B1 (by BPA, BPF and TBBPA), OATP1B3 and NTCP (by TBBPA) and OAT3 (by BPA, BPF, BPS and TBBPA); by contrast, activities of other transporters were not impacted (MATE2-K) or were stimulated (notably OCT1 by BPS and OCT2 by BPF). Transporter inhibitions due to bisphenols were concentrations-dependent, with half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) ranging from 0.5 μM to 73.5 μM. BPA was finally shown to be not transported by OAT3, although inhibiting this transporter in a competitive manner. Taken together, these data indicate that bisphenols interact with SLC transporters, at concentration levels however rather higher than those occurring in humans in response to environmental exposure. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
Toxicology in Vitro

hal-01467545
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01467545
DOI : 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.12.009
PUBMED : 27989701

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Cyanobacteria are ubiquitous microorganisms considered as important contributors to the formation of Earth's atmosphere and nitrogen fixation. However, they are also frequently associated with toxic blooms. Indeed, the wide range of hepatotoxins, neurotoxins and dermatotoxins synthesized by these bacteria is a growing environmental and public health concern. This paper provides a state of the art on the occurrence and management of harmful cyanobacterial blooms in surface and drinking water, including economic impacts and research needs. Cyanobacterial blooms usually occur according to a combination of environmental factors e.g., nutrient concentration, water temperature, light intensity, salinity, water movement, stagnation and residence time, as well as several other variables. These environmental variables, in turn, have promoted the evolution and biosynthesis of strain-specific, gene-controlled metabolites (cyanotoxins) that are often harmful to aquatic and terrestrial life, including humans. Cyanotoxins are primarily produced intracellularly during the exponential growth phase. Release of toxins into water can occur during cell death or senescence but can also be due to evolutionary-derived or environmentally-mediated circumstances such as allelopathy or relatively sudden nutrient limitation. Consequently, when cyanobacterial blooms occur in drinking water resources, treatment has to remove both cyanobacteria (avoiding cell lysis and subsequent toxin release) and aqueous cyanotoxins previously released. Cells are usually removed with limited lysis by physical processes such as clarification or membrane filtration. However, aqueous toxins are usually removed by both physical retention, through adsorption on activated carbon or reverse osmosis, and chemical oxidation, through ozonation or chlorination. While the efficient oxidation of the more common cyanotoxins (microcystin, cylindrospermopsin, anatoxin and saxitoxin) has been extensively reported, the chemical and toxicological characterization of their by-products requires further investigation. In addition, future research should also investigate the removal of poorly considered cyanotoxins (β-methylamino-alanine, lyngbyatoxin or aplysiatoxin) as well as the economic impact of blooms.
Environment International

hal-00875835
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875835
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875835/document
DOI : 10.1016/j.envint.2013.06.013
PUBMED : 23892224

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley-Blackwell
Résumé : International audience
AIMS: Virus detection has often been difficult due to a low concentration in water. In this study, we developed a new procedure based on concentration of virus particles on an innovative support: poly-L-lysine dendrigrafts (DGL), coupled with directed nucleic acid extraction and real-time PCR quantification. METHODS AND RESULTS: This method was evaluated using the bacteriophage MS2 as a model virus. This virus exhibited the size and structural properties of human pathogenic enteric viruses and has often been used to assess new supports of concentration. Moreover, this bacteriophage is also a faecal contamination indicator. In this study, many water filtration conditions were tested (volume of water, concentration, etc.), and more than 80% of bacteriophage were recovered after filtration on polymer, in most conditions. We demonstrated that the method was linear (slope = 0*99 ± 0*04 and Y intercept when x = -0*02 ± 0*28), valid (as manipulators, tested concentrations, volumes of sample and batch of polymer did not have any influence on concentration) and sensitive (allowing to concentrate up to 16,600-fold 1 l of sample and to detect and quantify down to 750 GC l(-1) and 7500 GC l(-1), respectively). CONCLUSIONS: To conclude, this support exhibits high interest to retain viruses and to allow to detect low concentration of virus in water. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study gives valuable advance in the methods of concentration and diagnosis of virus in water.
Journal of Applied Microbiology

hal-00828987
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00828987
DOI : 10.1111/jam.12209
PUBMED : 23551794