Éditeur(s) : Amer Soc Biochemistry Molecular Biology Inc
Résumé : Scleractinian corals are the most basal eumetazoan taxon and provide the biological and physical framework for coral reefs, which are among the most diverse of all ecosystems. Over the past three decades and coincident with climate change, these phototrophic symbiotic organisms have been subject to increasingly frequent and severe diseases, which are now geographically widespread and a major threat to these ecosystems. Although coral immunity has been the subject of increasing study, the available information remains fragmentary, especially with respect to coral antimicrobial responses. In this study, we characterized damicornin from Pocillopora damicornis, the first scleractinian antimicrobial peptide (AMP) to be reported. We found that its precursor has a segmented organization comprising a signal peptide, an acidic proregion, and the C-terminal AMP. The 40-residue AMP is cationic, C-terminally amidated, and characterized by the presence of six cysteine molecules joined by three intramolecular disulfide bridges. Its cysteine array is common to another AMP and toxins from cnidarians; this suggests a common ancestor, as has been proposed for AMPs and toxins from arthropods. Damicornin was active in vitro against Gram-positive bacteria and the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Damicornin expression was studied using a combination of immunohistochemistry, reverse phase HPLC, and quantitative RT-PCR. Our data show that damicornin is constitutively transcribed in ectodermal granular cells, where it is stored, and further released in response to nonpathogenic immune challenge. Damicornin gene expression was repressed by the coral pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus. This is the first evidence of AMP gene repression in a host-Vibrio interaction.
Journal Of Biological Chemistry (0021-9258) (Amer Soc Biochemistry Molecular Biology Inc), 2011-06 , Vol. 286 , N. 25 , P. 22688-22698

Droits : 2011 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00039/14996/12433.pdf
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M110.216358
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00039/14996/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : [b]Aim[/b][br/] Many tropical tree species have poorly delimited taxonomic boundaries and contain undescribed or cryptic species. We examined the genetic structure of a species complex in the tree genus Carapa in the Neotropics in order to evaluate age, geographic patterns of diversity and evolutionary relationships, and to quantify levels of introgression among currently recognized species.[br/] [br/] [b]Location[/b][br/] Lowland moist forests in the Guiana Shield, the Central and Western Amazon Basin, Chocó and Central America.[br/] [br/] [b]Methods[/b][br/] Genetic structure was analysed using seven nuclear simple sequence repeats (nuSSR), five chloroplast SSRs (cpSSR), and two chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) intergenic sequences (trnH-psbA and trnC-ycf6). Bayesian clustering analysis of the SSR data was used to infer population genetic structure and to assign 324 samples to their most likely genetic cluster. Bayesian coalescence analyses were performed on the two cpDNA markers to estimate evolutionary relationships and divergence times.[br/] [br/] [b]Results[/b][br/] Two genetic clusters (nu_guianensis and nu_surinamensis) were detected, which correspond to the Neotropical species C. guianensis (sensu latu) and C. surinamensis. Fourteen cpDNA haplotypes clustered into six haplogroups distributed between the two nuclear genetic clusters. Divergence between the haplogroups was initiated in the Miocene, with some haplotype structure evolving as recently as the Pleistocene. The absence of complete lineage sorting between the nuclear and chloroplast genomes and the presence of hybrid individuals suggest that interspecific reproductive barriers are incomplete. NuSSR diversity was highest in C. guianensis and, within C. guianensis, cpDNA diversity was highest in the Central and Western Amazon Basin. Regional genetic differentiation was strong but did not conform to an isolation-by-distance process or exhibit a phylogeographical signal.[br/] [br/] [b]Main conclusions[/b][br/] The biogeographical history of Neotropical Carapa appears to have been influenced by events that took place during the Neogene. Our results point to an Amazonian centre of origin and diversification of Neotropical Carapa, with subsequent migration to the Pacific coast of South America and Central America. Gene flow apparently occurs among species, and introgression events are supported by inconsistencies between chloroplast and nuclear lineage sorting. The absence of phylogeographical structure may be a result of the ineffectiveness of geographical barriers among populations and of reproductive isolation mechanisms among incipient and cryptic species in this species complex.
ISSN: 0305-0270

hal-01032395
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032395
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02678.x

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Biofouling increases the operational and economic costs associated with pearl production. As currentprocedures for reducing oyster biofouling can be detrimental to survival and growth and may pollute thesurrounding environment developing alternative, biologically-mediated, methods could potentially in-crease both production and ecological sustainability. With this in mind, the present study investigatednatural cleaning of black-lipped pearl oysters, Pinctada margaritifera, by butterflyfishes (Chaetodon). Thefeeding behaviour of six butterflyfish species was examined at Rangiroa Atoll, French Polynesia: Chae-todon auriga, Chaetodon citrinellus, Chaetodon ephippium, Chaetodon lunulatus, Chaetodon trifascialis andChaetodon ulietensis. All species cleaned the surface of pearl oysters by removing epibionts (from 16% to40% of total biomass), although dietary variation may explain different cleaning efficiencies. Generalistomnivores (C. auriga, C. citrinellus, C. ephippium and C. ulietensis) were the most efficient cleaners (%cleaning range: 26e40% of total biomass). Within this group, C. ephippium removed the most biomass(average of 41%) targeting algae and anemones. However, C. auriga targeted the most diverse range ofepibionts, removing significant amounts of algae, sponges, tunicates, and anemones. These resultssuggest that foraging by butterflyfishes can substantially reduce biofouling on economically-importanttropical bivalves.
ISSN: 0272-7714

hal-01434152
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01434152
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecss.2016.04.001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : In order to analyze the large-scale structure of the genome of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.), a pseudo-testcross genetic linkage map was built using markers of six different types, belonging to the low (amplified fragment length polymorphisms, simple sequence repeats) or high (sequence-specific amplified polymorphisms, inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphisms) copy-number fraction of the genome, and including expressed region-derived markers (expressed sequence tag polymorphisms). Twenty seven and 23 linkage groups of at least four markers were obtained for the female and the male parent maps, respectively. A subset of these linkage groups coalesced into 13 bi-parental linkage groups through markers shared between the two maps. This map was used to investigate the frequency of each marker type over chromosomes and the distribution of marker types relative to each other, using autocorrelation techniques. Our results show that, while the composition of chromosomes is homogeneous, low- and high-copy-number markers tend to occupy separate regions of the linkage groups, and that expressed sequences are preferentially associated with microsatellites and separated from retrotransposons. These results indicate that the spatial structure of Norway spruce chromosomes is not homogeneous
ISSN: 1614-2942

hal-01032033
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032033
DOI : 10.1007/s11295-005-0012-2

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley-Blackwell
Résumé :  
South American leaf blight caused by the ascomycete Microcyclus ulei is the most harmful disease of the rubber tree in Latin America and a potential threat to Asiatic and African natural rubber production. Until now, the variability of this fungus was assessed through observation of pathogenicity of isolates on a range of rubber tree clones with known resistance reactions. The present study describes the process used to design 11 microsatellite markers and evaluates their usefulness in detecting genetic polymorphism. Nine of these markers were polymorphic among six isolates from Brazil (with two to three alleles per locus) and five markers were polymorphic among four isolates from French Guiana (with two to four alleles per locus).
ISSN: 1471-8278

hal-01032087
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032087
DOI : 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00589.x

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag/EDP Sciences
Résumé : Four populations of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) were screened using nine nuclear microsatellite markers (three trinucleotides and six dinucleotides) and four chloroplast markers (all mononucleotides). Marker classes were compared for their variability, mutation rate and ability to detect differentiation between stands. Dinucleotide markers proved to be the most variable group and chloroplast stretches the least variable, with differences in mutation rate between the former and the latter spanning over two orders of magnitude. Variability correlated to the number of repeats but not to the absolute length of the microsatellite region. The different marker classes were combined with two different measures of genetic distance in order to investigate the performance of markers and evolutionary models for the study of genetic variation in natural populations of Norway spruce. Weir and Cockeram's F$_{rm ST}$ generally performed better in this clear-cut, four-population model study. Chloroplast haplotypes turned out to be the most sensitive marker system, being able to differentiate populations and to detect differences in genetic variability between sub-regions.
ISSN: 1286-4560

hal-01032048
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032048
DOI : 10.1051/forest:2006029

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD EDP Sciences
Résumé : International audience
This study determined the movements of a Giant Grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus, in which an acoustictag was surgically implanted and monitored by an array of six VR2W acoustic receiver units from August 2010 toJanuary 2013 in the remote, uninhabited Chesterfield Islands, Coral Sea (800 km West of New Caledonia). Our datarevealed a home reef area (residency rate of 44.9%) with an increased activity revealed by movements at dawn anddusk toward and between two adjacent reef passages, probably for foraging. The fish was absent from its residentreef between October and December 2010 and 2012, corresponding to the time known for spawning aggregationsof this species in New Caledonia. A skipped spawning seems to have occurred in 2011. We hope these data will becomplemented in the future by locating the spawning site or sites and thus provide adequate conservation measures.The Coral Sea links two World Heritage Sites, the Australian Great Barrier Reefs and the New Caledonian coral reefs.It would be fitting to create a Marine Protected Area for the Chesterfield Islands between these two major conservationareas of the sea.
ISSN: 0990-7440

hal-01238809
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01238809
DOI : 10.1051/alr/2015006

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Résumé :  
Although the potential contribution to tropical tree species coexistence of niche differentiation along light gradients has receivedmuch attention, the degree to which species perform differentially along soil resource gradients remains unclear. To examine differential growth response to soil resources, we grew seedlings of nine tropical tree species at 6.0% of full sun for 12mo in a factorial design of two soil types (clay and white sand), two phosphate fertilization treatments (control and addition of 100mgP kg−1) and two watering treatments (field capacity and water limitation to one-third field capacity). Species differedmarkedly in biomass growth rate, but this hierarchy was almost completely conserved across all eight treatments. All species grew more slowly in sand than clay soils, and no species grew faster with phosphate additions. Only Eperua grandiflora and E. falcata showed significant growth increases in the absence of water limitation. Faster-growing species were characterized by high specific leaf area, high leaf allocation and high net assimilation rate but not lower root allocation. Slower-growing species exhibited greater plasticity in net assimilation rate, suggesting that tolerance of edaphic stress in these species is related more to stomatal control than to whole-plant carbon allocation. Although relative growth rate for biomass was correlatedwith both its physiological and morphological components, interspecific differences were best explained by differences in net assimilation rate across six of the eight treatments. A suite of traits including high assimilation and high specific leaf area maintains rapid growth rate of faster-growing species across awide gradient of soil resources, but the lack of plasticity they exhibit may compromise their survival in the poorest soil environments.
ISSN: 0266-4674

hal-01032086
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032086
DOI : 10.1017/S0266467406003439

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : National audience
Comme c'est le cas pour toute innovation technique, l'avènement de la Télévision Numérique Terrestre (TNT) en France repose sur un ensemble d'imaginaires technologiques. En effet, l'illusion techniciste se cristallise autour de la croyance collective selon laquelle la technique recélerait des vertus humanistes, à savoir, le progrès, le développement, la démocratie, la réduction des inégalités, la rencontre, l'échange, le partage, etc. La TNT est d'abord une technologie prometteuse qui performe le mode de diffusion hertzienne. Elle permet de diffuser sur un même canal hertzien de six à dix chaînes au lieu d'une seule en analogique. Elle augmente l'offre de programmes (chaînes nationales publiques et privées, chaînes locales publiques et privées) en proposant un bouquet de chaînes gratuites en qualité numérique. Ainsi, la TNT se présente comme une technologie produite avec la volonté de répondre aux attentes des utilisateurs en termes de confort visuel et sonore. Dans la perspective de l'arrêt de la diffusion hertzienne analogique, la TNT permet également d'allouer les fréquences libérées à d'autres modes de télécommunication en pleine expansion tels que la radio numérique, la télévision mobile personnelle, Internet sans fil, les télécommunications professionnelles, la téléphonie, etc.
L'OUVERTURE NUMERIQUE: DU LOCAL AU GLOBAL La télévision numérique terrestre dans les DOM : quels enjeux socio-économiques et socioculturels pour nos sociétés ultramarines ?
Lamentin (Guadeloupe), France

hal-01152892
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01152892
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01152892/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01152892/file/Identites_regionales_vs_Televison_Numerique_Terrestre.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
We experimentally studied the predatory behavior of Polybia rejecta (Vespidae, Polistinae, Epiponini) towards 2-88 mm-long insects attracted to a UV light trap. Foragers, which began to hunt at 6:30, selected 4-14 mm-long prey insects. Prey detection by sight by hovering wasps was confirmed using decoys. After the wasps landed and walked along a sinuous path, prey were detected by contact or from a distance (1-3cm). This was followed by seizure, stinging (contrarily to most other known cases), prey manipulation and retrieval. Prey that flew off might be caught in flight. The prey load, representing 30.7% of a forager's weight, was optimized by capturing up to six small prey or two medium-sized prey successively (both of which might be consumed in situ). The foragers cut off the wings of larger prey or cut them into two pieces and returned to gather the second piece. The handling time increased exponentially with the weight of the prey. Partial loading (i.e., retrieving a load much inferior to the maximum possible) was likely related to social facilitation, a form of nest-based recruitment that was demonstrated through the experimental elimination of local enhancement by removing foragers (both mechanisms favor the exploitation of favorable patches).
ISSN: 0376-6357

hal-01533217
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01533217
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01533217/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01533217/file/Dejean%20et%20al.%20-%20The%20predatory%20behavior%20of%20the%20Neotropical%20social%20w.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.beproc.2017.05.011

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Essential oils from Juniperus thurifera, Juniperus oxycedrus and Juniperus phoenicea (Cupressaceae) collected in various areas in Morocco were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by CG and CG/ SM. Twenty-four components were identified in the essential oils from the branches of Juniperus thurifera, forty seven from Juniperusoxycedrus and twenty-six from Juniperus phoenicea. The majority components obtained are pinenes and especially â-pinene (36.3%) for the essential oils from the branches of Juniperus thurifera and á-pinene for those of Juniperus oxycedrus (52.1%) and Juniperus phoenicea (64.2%). The antioxidant properties of oils were determined by the DPPH method and were compared to that found for the reference compound (BHT) and for other essential oils.
ISSN: 0974-7451

hal-01303986
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01303986
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01303986/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01303986/file/2015_Satrani_Environmental%20science_%7B799557CC-BC3D-4392-B0A4-B7A3399783A5%7D.pdf
PRODINRA : 351689

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley-Blackwell
Résumé : International audience
Although protists are critical components of marine ecosystems, they are still poorly characterized. Here we analysed the taxonomic diversity of planktonic and benthic protist communities collected in six distant European coastal sites. Environmental deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) from three size fractions (pico-, nano- and micro/mesoplankton), as well as from dissolved DNA and surface sediments were used as templates for tag pyrosequencing of the V4 region of the 18S ribosomal DNA. Beta-diversity analyses split the protist community structure into three main clusters: picoplankton-nanoplankton-dissolved DNA, micro/mesoplankton and sediments. Within each cluster, protist communities from the same site and time clustered together, while communities from the same site but different seasons were unrelated. Both DNA and RNA-based surveys provided similar relative abundances for most class-level taxonomic groups. Yet, particular groups were overrepresented in one of the two templates, such as marine alveolates (MALV)-I and MALV-II that were much more abundant in DNA surveys. Overall, the groups displaying the highest relative contribution were Dinophyceae, Diatomea, Ciliophora and Acantharia. Also, well represented were Mamiellophyceae, Cryptomonadales, marine alveolates and marine stramenopiles in the picoplankton, and Monadofilosa and basal Fungi in sediments. Our extensive and systematic sequencing of geographically separated sites provides the most comprehensive molecular description of coastal marine protist diversity to date.
ISSN: 1462-2912

hal-01191731
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01191731
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01191731/document
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01191731/file/Massana_2015_Marine_protist.pdf
DOI : 10.1111/1462-2920.12955

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : This study aimed to analyze the role river floods play in triggering gravity flows and to investigate the role of submarine canyon systems as a conduit for terrigenous material to the deep sea. Two years of measurements in the Var canyon at depths ranging from 1200 m to 2350 m indicate that six floods of the Var River triggered hyperpycnal flows, an important mechanism for transporting particulate matter to the deep-sea floor. These sediment gravity flows were characterized by a sudden increase of current velocity that lasted 8 to 22 h and by downward particle fluxes that reached up to 600 g m(-2)d(-1) of particles and 3.1 g m(-2)d(-1) in terms of organic carbon. These large inputs of sediment and organic carbon may have a significant impact on deep-sea ecosystems and carbon storage in the Mediterranean Sea.
Marine Geology (0025-3227) (Elsevier), 2009-07 , Vol. 263 , N. 1-4 , P. 1-6

Droits : 2009 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-6640.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.margeo.2009.03.014
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6640/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Decreasing growth rate (Feeley et al., 2007) and large die-back due to drought (Phillips et al., 2009) suggest that tropical forests are suffering recent climate changes. Forest vulnerability to external factors (e.g. air pollution, acid rain) is widely studied in northern countries, while only a few attempts have investigated crown integrity in the Tropics. The method needs to be generic enough to account for the large number of species and crown shapes encountered in tropical forests. In the present study, we developed and tested a novel field method that estimates crown fragmentation (main branch mortality (MB) and secondary branch mortality (SB)), liana infestation (LI) and crown position (CP) in the canopy. The relationship between crown fragmentation and annual growth rate (agr) was investigated through multiple regression. Six out of eight canopy tree species showed significant growth decline with increasing crown fragmentation. Higher probability of death was also found in trees with severe crown fragmentation. The capacity of such crown assessment to depict tree vitality in a forest stand is discussed along with potential applications in both forest science and management
ISSN: 0378-1127

halsde-00611465
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00611465
DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.10.025

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Taylor & Francis
Résumé :  
We compared floral odour profiles among populations of two Arum species which show different degrees of specificity for their fly pollinators. Insects were collected from inflorescences in four populations of Arum italicum and two populations of Arum maculaturn. In six Arum populations, we compared inflorescences odour profiles collected by Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) and analysed by gas chromatography. We confirmed that from a pollination point of view, A. italicum is an opportunist species, as it is mainly pollinated by insects of the families Psychodidae, Chironomidae and Sciaridae, whereas A. maculatum is a specialist species, as it is 90% pollinated by Psychodidae. In all populations, Arum italicum was less attractive to pollinators than Arum maculatum. Floral odour profiles of A. italicum were not geographically structured among populations, suggesting a high gene flow or adaptation to a fluctuant guild of pollinators. On the contrary, odour profiles of A. maculatum varied between the two populations studied suggesting a lower gene flow or adaptation to different local pollinator preferences
ISSN: 0037-9271

hal-01019003
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01019003

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
Growth charts are an essential clinical tool for evaluating a child's health and development. The current French reference curves, published in 1979, have recently been challenged by the 2006 World Health Organization (WHO) growth charts. To evaluate and compare the growth of French children who were born between 1981 and 2007, with the WHO growth charts and the French reference curves currently used. Anthropometric measurements from French children, who participated in 12 studies, were analyzed: 82,151 measurements were available for 27,257 children in different age groups, from birth to 18 years. We calculated and graphically compared mean z-scores based on the WHO and French curves, for height, weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) according to age and sex. The prevalence of overweight using the WHO, the French and International Obesity Task Force definitions were compared. Our population of children was on average 0.5 standard deviations taller than the French reference population, from the first month of life until puberty age. Mean z-scores for height, weight and BMI were closer to zero based on the WHO growth charts than on the French references from infancy until late adolescence, except during the first six months. These differences not related to breastfeeding rates. As expected, the prevalence of overweight depended on the reference used, and differences varied according to age. The WHO growth charts may be appropriate for monitoring growth of French children, as the growth patterns in our large population of French children were closer to the WHO growth charts than to the French reference curves, from 6 months onwards. However, there were some limitations in the use of these WHO growth charts, and further investigation is needed.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-01134193
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01134193
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0120806
PUBMED : 25761138
PUBMEDCENTRAL : PMC4356547

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : Our objective was to compare fruit morphology, physico-chemistry and bioactive compounds content ofthe edible pulp of six Mammea americana accessions. The results showed that this fruit was rather big,weighing on average 600 to 1100 g depending on the accession, and spherical to oblate-shaped. The pulprepresented between 50 and 70% of the weight of the whole fruit. The pulp adhered only partially to theseeds in 5 of the 6 accessions studied, while the last one exhibited full adherence. The fresh pulp wasacidic, sweet, succulent and crunchy. The fruits studied had a variety of qualities, providing variousopportunities for post-harvest uses: fruit salads, nectar preparation, jams and jellies, or export. We haveestablished for the first time the total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids contents in the pulp ofmamey apple fruits. The pulp colour was highly correlated with total phenolic compounds and total carotenoidscontents.
ISSN: 0308-8146

hal-01606022
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01606022
DOI : 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.145
PRODINRA : 395676

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : National audience
Une Brésilienne de 39 ans est adressée à l’hôpital de Cayenne pour des céphalées, une confusion fébrile et une altération de l’état général. Six mois plus tôt, une infection par le VIH avait été révélée (charge virale de 147 615 copies/ ml ; CD4 à 56/ mm3), au Brésil, par un tableau de tuberculose pleuro-pulmonaire non documentée. Elle suit depuis un traitement antirétroviral et une quadrithérapie antituberculeuse, sans cotrimoxazole, traitement toujours en cours à son entrée.
La Lettre de l'Infectiologue

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
inserm-01423104
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01423104
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01423104/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01423104/file/2015%2C%20Epelboin%20-%20M%C3%A9ningo-enc%C3%A9phalite%20%C3%A0%20histoplasma%20capsulatum.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Montpellier : CIRAD
Résumé :  
Le projet STREK (Développement des techniques sylvicoles pour la régénération des forêts humides exploitées de l'Est-Kalimantan) avait pour objectif de proposer des règles de gestion en vue d'une productivité durable des forêts de cette région, principaux pourvoyeurs de l'industrie du bois en Indonésie. Le projet s'est déroulé de 1989 à 1996. Dans la concession de PT INHUTANI I à Berau, deux sites d'étude, de 1 000 ha chacun, ont été choisis. Sur le premier site, exploité en 1978-1979, six parcelles de 4 ha chacune ont été installées pour appliquer des traitements sylvicoles avec deux parcelles-témoins. Sur le second site, localisé en forêt primaire jusqu'en 1991, 12 parcelles de 4 ha chacune ont été matérialisées. On a choisi trois parcelles-témoins et mis en oeuvre trois traitements d'exploitation avec trois répétitions : deux techniques d'exploitation à faible impact (EFI) avec deux limites de diamètre (> 50 et > 60 cm) et la dernière appelée "conventionnelle". Tous les arbres de diamètre ≥ 10 cm ont été mesurés, numérotés et cartographiés à l'échelle de 1:200. Une base de données portant sur 40 000 arbres a été créée où la botanique, la typologie et la pédologie sont présentes. La création de cette base de données est la première étape avant de pousser plus loin l'étude de la croissance et de la productivité des arbres.
ISSN: 0006-579X

hal-01032164
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032164

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The Mediterranean geodynamic system is an exceptional natural laboratory to study the complexities of back-arc extension during subduction rollback. Corsica is a key locality that recorded the Alpine subduction-collision history followed by 30 Ma of the Apennines slab rollback, responsible for the successive opening, from West to East, of the Liguro-Provençal basin and the Tyrrhenian Sea. The overall strain pattern of the Alpine metamorphic units of Alpine Corsica is studied through a synthesis of i) available geological maps, ii) geochronological data and iii) newly acquired structural data relative to successive events of ductile and brittle extension, Three main stages of extension are recorded: 1/ Syn-metamorphic Oligocene extension accommodated by N140° trending ductile shear zones, that correspond to the reactivation of a major Alpine thrust; 2/ Burdigalian ramp-flat extension with N60°-70° trending fault zones that controlled the deposition of onshore piggy-back basins (e.g. St Florent basin), and 3/ Serravalian N-S trending fault zones. From a geodynamical point of view, these successive extensional deformations in Alpine Corsica can be correlated to the history of the Apennines slab rollback. The two first stages are related to a southeastward rollback of the Appennines slab that successively triggered: 1/ Continental rifting in Oligocene leading to the opening of the Liguro-Provençal basin and 2/ Burdigalian extension with N60°-70° trending fault zone, oblique to the Alpine thrust that, after a counterclockwise rotation of the Corso-Sardinian block, became unable to accommodate extension. Finally, the third stage that gave NS-trending fault zones developed in Serravalian, at the onset of Tyrrhenian rifting, related to an eastward rollback of the Apennines slab, as a response of slab tearing in Sicily.
ISSN: 0040-1951

insu-01424859
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01424859
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01424859/document
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01424859/file/gueydan-tectonoph-2017.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2016.12.028