Résumé : Hierba erecta, a menudo con apariencia de arbusto. Hojas orbiculares, palmado-lobadas, los lóbulos ovado-oblongos o lanceolados, acuminados, irregularmente glandular dentados. Inflorescencias terminales, en racimos pedunculados, flores monoicas, apétalas, las superiores pistiladas, las inferiores estaminadas. Cápsula casi esférica, con espinas suaves, septicida, con semillas elipsoides.
Herbe dressée, ayant souvent l’apparence d’un arbuste. Feuilles orbiculaires, palmées-lobées, lobes ovés-oblongs ou lancéolés, acuminés, irrégulièrement glandulaires-dentés. Inflorescences terminales, en grappes pédonculées, fleurs monoïques, sans pétales, avec pistil pour les supérieures, les inférieures portant les étamines. Capsule presque sphérique, munies d’épines souples, septicide, avec graines ellipsoïdales.
Monecious, short-lived shrub or small tree, more than 5 m high with copious clear sap.  Leaves spiral, long-stalked, blades 60 cm. broad, peltate, palmately divided into 7 or more lobes; inflorescence terminal panicle to 20 cm long or more; male flowers clustered at the base of pedicels with white calyx ca, 9 mm long, female flowers at the top of pedicels with calyx deciduous; fruit a capsule oblong about 2.5 cm long, spiny prickles; seeds elliptic,10-17 mm long, mottled grey or brown.  
Ampliamente distribuida en las zonas tropicales, probablemente originaria de Africa.
Largement répandue dans les zones tropicales, probablement originaire d’;Afrique.
Widely disseminated in tropical areas; probably originally from Africa.

http://www.tramil.net/fototeca/plant254

Résumé : Planta trepadora glabra, con tubérculos de forma irregular que se desarrollan en la axila de las hojas. Hojas alternas, ovadas a suborbiculares, de 7 a 19 cm, largo-acuminadas, acorazonadas en la base. Flores estaminadas solitarias, en espigas de hasta 10 cm, en ocasiones paniculadas; flores pistiladas fasciculadas, en espigas simples de hasta 25 cm. Cápsula oblonga, de 2.2 a 2.5 cm.
Plante grimpante glabre, avec des tubercules de forme irrégulière qui se développent dans l’axe des feuilles. Feuilles alternes, ovées à semi-arrondies, de 7 à 19 cm, longues-acuminées, en forme de cœur à la base. Fleurs à étamines solitaires, en épis pouvant atteindre 10 cm, parfois paniculées; fleurs avec pistil fasciculées, en épis simples pouvant atteindre 25 cm. Capsule oblongue, de 2,2 à 2,5 cm.
Herbaceous, dioecious, climber with glabrous stem, bearing in leaf axils, large, brown, tuberculate bulbils ca 15 cm in diameter; leaves alternate, simple, cordate at base, petioles 6-14 cm long, blades broadly ovate 15-25 cm x 7-20 cm; male flowers borne on clustered spikes up to 20 cm long; female flowers borne on simple spikes 10-15 cm long; fruit a capsule oblong 2.5 cm x1.5 cm.
Originaria de Asia tropical, cultivada en regiones tropicales.
Originaire d’Asie tropicale, cultivée dans les régions tropicales.
Native to tropical Asia, cultivated in tropical regions.

http://www.tramil.net/fototeca/plant159

Résumé : Arbol de hasta 18 m de alto. Hojas pecioladas, subcoriáceas, oblongo elípticas a lanceoladas, agudamente acuminadas, pinnado nervadas de hasta 13 cm de longitud. Inflorescencias estaminadas de 3 a 20 flores; las pistiladas usualmente de una sola flor; flores pequeñas, amarillo cremosas. Fruto piriforme o subgloboso (nuez) de hasta 5 cm, colgante, rojizo o amarillento, con dos valvas; semilla con arilo escarlata.
Arbre pouvant atteindre 18 m de haut. Feuilles pétiolées, presque coriaces, oblongo-elliptiques à lancéolées, terminées en pointe très fine, pennatinnervées pouvant atteindre 13 cm de long. Inflorescences staminées de 3 à 20 fleurs; celles qui sont pourvues d’un pistil ont habituellement une seule fleur; fleurs petites, jaunes-crèmes. Fruit piriforme ou presque arrondi pouvant atteindre 5 cm, tombant, rougeâtre ou jaunâtre, bivalve; graine avec arille écarlate.
Tree dioecious 6-18 m high with a dense crown and aromatic wood.  Leaves simple, alternate, oblong-elliptic, acutely acuminate, pinnately veined, dark green shiny above, paler beneath, 5-15 cm x 2-7 cm; male inflorescences usually 1-10 flowered cyme, fragrant, pale yellow, female inflorescences a 1-3 flowered cyme, but usually 1-flowered, pale yellow; fruit a fleshy, smooth, yellow, sub-globose, drupe, 3-6 cm long with a circumferential, longitudinal ridge; seed brown, ovoid 1.5-4.5cm long covered with a lacinate, red aril.
Nativa de Asia tropical, cultivada en los trópicos del resto del mundo.
Originaire d’;Asie tropicale, cultivée dans les tropiques du reste du monde.
Native to tropical Asia, cultivated in tropical regions around the world.

http://www.tramil.net/fototeca/plant239

Éditeur(s) : CRILLASH : Centre de Recherches Interdisciplinaires en Lettres, Langues, Arts et Sciences Humaines
Extrait de : "La scolarisation des publics allophones en Martinique : enjeux et démarches pour une école inclusive" : séminaire, le 25 mai 2016. Université des Antilles
Description : Gabriel Marin (enseignante de français langue étrangère, master 2 FLE) ouvre la réflexion sur le traitement de l'orthographe chez les enfants allophones. Elle insiste sur l'importance de la maîtrise de l'orthographe et de l'écrit qui constitue une attente majeure du système tant scolaire que professionnel. Elle présente le résultat d'une enquête conduite sur des enfants allophones, parfois bilingues ou trilingues, mais maîtrisant mal l'orthographe de la langue française. Elle analyse les erreurs pédagogiques en la matière et l'importance de la bienveillance.

Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V16128
V16128

Éditeur(s) : GFP : Groupe Français des Pesticides
Extrait de : "Protection des cultures et santé environnementale : héritages et conceptions nouvelles" : congrès, le 26 mai 2014. Université des Antilles et de la Guyane
Description : La zone non saturée des aquifères est supposée jouer un rôle important dans le transfert de pesticides vers les eaux souterraines mais les mécanismes de ce transfert sont actuellement mal connus. L'étude se propose de répondre à cette problématique en travaillant sur un secteur du bassin Rhône-Méditerranée-Corse dans lequel les nombreux aquifères sédimentaires, fortement sollicités, présentent pour une grande partie d'entre eux des problèmes de qualité provenant de pollutions d'origine agricole, industrielle ou urbaine.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V14178
V14178

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
Background: Heterogeneous patterns of malaria transmission are thought to be driven by factors including host genetics, distance to mosquito breeding sites, housing construction, and socio-behavioural characteristics. Evaluation of local transmission epidemiology to characterize malaria risk is essential for planning malaria control and elimination programmes. The use of geographical information systems (GIS) techniques has been a major asset to this approach. To assess time and space distribution of malaria disease in Bandiagara, Mali, within a transmission season, data were used from an ongoing malaria incidence study that enrolled 300 participants aged under six years old ". Methods: Children's households were georeferenced using a handheld global position system. Clinical malaria was defined as a positive blood slide for Plasmodium falciparum asexual stages associated with at least one of the following signs: headache, body aches, fever, chills and weakness. Daily rainfall was measured at the local weather station. Landscape features of Bandiagara were obtained from satellite images and field survey. QGIS™ software was used to map malaria cases, affected and non-affected children, and the number of malaria episodes per child in each block of Bandiagara. Clusters of high or low risk were identified under SaTScan W software according to a Bernoulli model. Results: From June 2009 to May 2010, 296 clinical malaria cases were recorded. Though clearly temporally related to the rains, Plasmodium falciparum occurrence persisted late in the dry season. Two " hot spots " of malaria transmission also found, notably along the Yamé River, characterized by higher than expected numbers of malaria cases, and high numbers of clinical episodes per child. Conversely, the northeastern sector of the town had fewer cases despite its proximity to a large body of standing water which was mosquito habitat. Conclusion: These results confirm the existence of a marked spatial heterogeneity of malaria transmission in Bandiagara, providing support for implementation of targeted interventions. Background Malaria is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world, with an estimated 3.3 billion people at risk of malaria [1]. The incidence of malaria worldwide is estimated to be 216 million cases per year, with 81% of these cases occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria kills approximately 655,000 people per year; 91% of deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa [1], mostly in children under five years of age. In Mali, West Africa, malaria represents 36.5% of consultation motives in health center, it is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality children of less than five years of age and the first reason of anaemia in pregnant women [2]. Malaria transmission is seasonal. Malaria parasite transmission and clinical disease are characterized by important microgeographic variation, often between adjacent villages, households or families [3-8]. This local heterogeneity is driven by a variety of factors including human genetics [9,10], distance to potential breeding sites [11,12], housing construction
ISSN: 1475-2875

hal-01307672
https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01307672
https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01307672/document
https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01307672/file/1475-2875-12-82.pdf
DOI : 10.1186/1476-072X-2-5

Résumé : The brown shrimp Penaeus subtilis growth parameters has been studied by a lot of biologist since the fisheries of the three Guyana and Brazil has been created. The following through of the French Guyana’s fisheries had hallowed us to have an important database about shrimp boat lending. This atabase had permit us to fine the values used for predictive models helped by software like FISAT 2 in this case. This database had permit us to follow the evolution of the growth parameters along the fifteen last years. This study had given us different results which are interesting. First, the L∞ values used by the COPACO workshop (Isaac et al, 1992) are under evaluated and the K values aren’t. in a second time, the K values of the female brown shrimp are decreasing in a significant way since 1989, this case is not the male’s one. At last, we haven’t fond a link between meteorological variation in French Guyana (rainfall, river’s flow, sunshine) or biological data (biomass, density) and the K variations. A ecosystemic model feasibility study had been done for the French Guyana littoral. The data that are existing in the literature aren’t sufficient to build a model of this ecosystem. Future studies will perhaps provide the data that are missing to realize a first model
Les paramètres de croissance de la crevette Penaeus subtilis ont été étudiés par de nombreux auteurs depuis la création de la pêcherie sur le bouclier des Guyanes. Cependant le suivi permanent de cette pêcherie a permis d’avoir une base de données importante sur les débarquements des crevettiers et ainsi de chercher à affiner les estimations utilisées dans les modèles d’évaluation avec l’aide de logiciel prévus à cet effet comme FISAT 2 utilisé ici. Ces données peuvent permettre aussi de suivre l’évolution de ces paramètres au fil des années.Il ressort de cette étude plusieurs résultats intéressants. En premier lieu, les valeurs de L∞utilisées par le groupe de travail de la COPACO (Isaac et al, 1992) sont sous-évaluées et les valeurs de K ne le sont pas forcément. En second lieu, le K des femelles présente une tendance à la diminution sur les quinze dernières années (1989 – 2003), ce qui ne semble pas être le cas des mâles. Enfin, nous ne pouvons rattacher facilement les variations de K enregistrées à aucune donnée météorologique ne concernant que la Guyane (pluviosité, débit des fleuves, insolation), ni à certaines données biologiques (biomasse, densité). La faisabilité d’un modèle écosystémique du littoral a aussi été étudiée. Il en ressort que dans l’état actuel des connaissances sur l’écosystème du littoral guyanais la réalisation d’un modèle n’est pas possible. Mais des campagnes d’études à venir pourraient permettre de recueillir suffisamment de données pour pouvoir dresser un premier modèle.

Droits : 2004 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00077/18859/16433.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00077/18859/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
EXOSC10 is a catalytic subunit of the exosome that processes biologically active transcripts, degrades aberrant mRNAs and targets certain long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The yeast orthologue Rrp6 is required for efficient growth and gametogenesis, and becomes unstable during meiosis. However, nothing is known about the localization, stability and function of EXOSC10 in the rodent male germline. We detect the protein in nucleoli and the cytoplasm of mitotic and meiotic germ cells, and find that it transiently associates with the XY body, a structure targeted by meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI). Finally, EXOSC10 becomes unstable at later stages of gamete development. To determine Exosc10's meiotic function, we inactivated the gene specifically in male germ cells using cre recombinase controlled by Stra8 or Ddx4/Vasa promoters. Mutant mice have small testes, show impaired germ cell differentiation and are subfertile. Our results demonstrate that EXOSC10 is post-translationally regulated in germ cells, associate the protein with epigenetic chromosome silencing, and reveal its essential role in germ cell growth and development.
ISSN: 2045-2322

hal-01647082
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01647082
DOI : 10.1038/s41598-017-14643-y
PUBMED : 29118343

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : Genetic variation was surveyed at 11 microsatellite loci and at 517 bp of the mitochondrial control region to investigate the presence of genetic stock structure in swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in four proximal localities of the southwest Indian Ocean. One aim of this study was to serve as a preliminary examination for congruency of structure detected by these two genetic markers, prior to conducting a more comprehensive basin-wide survey of the Indian Ocean and nearby surrounding areas. Analyses of multilocus microsatellite genotypes and mitochondrial control region sequences both revealed a great homogeneity between samples. Genetic diversity detected at the regional scale was not significantly higher than detected at the local scale. Results suggest that the southwest Indian Ocean globally functions as a unique panmictic population. However, some discrete genetic differences appeared that could possibly indicate influence from a second genetic pool in the northern part of the Indian Ocean. This structure appeared to be sex-dependent with genetic differences higher among female than among male samples. This result may indicate a higher level of spawning area fidelity for females with a subsequent sampling bias tending to homogenise male genotypic distributions. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Fisheries Research (0165-7836) (Elsevier), 2009-05 , Vol. 97 , N. 3 , P. 263-269

Droits : 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-6455.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.fishres.2009.03.004
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6455/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Society of Economic Geologists
Résumé : International audience
The ~8-Moz Sadiola Hill gold deposit is located in the Kédougou-Kénieba inlier, a window of deformed ca. 2200 to 2050 Ma rocks that crop out in eastern Senegal and western Mali. The geology of the inlier differs from other Paleoproterozoic granite-greenstone belts and sedimentary basins by the abundance of carbonate rocks. The Sadiola Hill gold deposit occurs within 3 km of the Senegal-Mali shear zone, and country rocks in the region have undergone polycyclic deformation. The lithostratigraphy of the open pit consists of impure limestones overlain by younger sequences of detrital sedimentary rocks, which include arenite, wacke, and siltstone. The sedimentary rocks have been subjected to regional greenschist-facies metamorphism and have been intruded by multiple generations of synkinematic, calc-alkaline stocks and dikes. The bulk of the ore is hosted within a N-S- to NNW-trending, 10- to 50-m-wide, brittle-ductile dilational shear zone defined as the Sadiola shear zone. Gold lodes also occur along an array of steep NNE-trending shear zones. Geometric and kinematic analyses indicate that the ore-hosting structures were undergoing sinistral displacement at the time of mineralization, locally defined as the D3s NNW-SSE-shortening event. Hydrothermal alteration is polyphase and includes an early high-temperature calc-silicate phase (i.e., porphyroblastic growth of actinolite-tremolite) followed by a potassic phase (i.e., biotite-calcite-quartz ± K-feldspar-tourmaline-actinolite) that was synchronous with ore mineral deposition. Paragenetic studies reveal a multistage ore development that includes an As-rich sulfide stage, followed by an Au-Sb stage. The ore is associated with a metal enrichment suite of Au-As-Sb ± Cu-Fe-W-Mo-Ag-Bi-Zn-Pb-Te. The Sadiola Hill deposit shares a similar relative timing and structural setting to that of other world-class orogenic gold systems in the West African craton (e.g., Ashanti, Loulo), with gold deposition occurring during a period of transcurrent tectonics, after the cessation of region-wide compressional deformation. The high-temperature paragenesis at Sadiola Hill is atypical of gold mineralization in the craton and indicates that the late Eburnean tectono-magmatic activity between ca. 2080 and 2060 Ma played an important role in the dynamics of hydrothermal fluid circulation along the Senegal-Mali shear zone.
ISSN: 0361-0128

hal-01583358
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01583358
DOI : 10.2113/econgeo.112.1.23

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Evaluer les retombées économiques de manifestations sportives sur les territoires d’accueil est l’une des conditions permettant de décider de la pérennisation ou non de ces évènements. Cette évaluation revêt une grande importance pour les prestataires de services, les institutionnels et les diverses entreprises qui y sont engagés, car elle leur permet d’avoir une vision plus claire du marché, et le cas échéant d’ajuster et d’affiner leur politique évènementielle pour l’avenir. Aujourd’hui, apparaît de plus en plus un besoin croissant d’évaluation de la part de praticiens et d’acteurs publics impliqués dans les activités sportives. Ces derniers comme le grand public s’interrogent quelquefois sur l’utilité ou la pertinence économique et sociale de tels évènements.Aussi, l’objectif prioritaire de cette étude est de proposer dans le cas de la Guadeloupe, à partir d’un cadre conceptuel précis et d’une méthodologie partagée et éprouvée, une évaluation territoriale de l’impact économique et social de la Route du rhum, en retenant deux approches: l’une en niveau, déterminant successivement les valeurs du multiplicateur input-output à l’aide d’un tableau entrées-sorties (TES) de l’économie guadeloupéenne, et du multiplicateur de la base qui s’appuie sur les résultats d’une méta-analyse; l’autre , dynamique, spécifie par un modèle économétrique l’influence de la Route du rhum et d’autres variables sur la croissance économique de la Guadeloupe. L’enjeu consiste à se doter collectivement de points de repère afin que les différents acteurs de ce sport puissent situer les effets de leurs actions par rapport à d’autres pratiques, d’autres territoires, et à clarifier le niveau de contribution économique de cette activité sportive sur le territoire de Guadeloupe. Les résultats obtenus convergent et montrent qu’en dépit d’un succès indéniable au plan sportif et médiatique, la Route du rhum, évènement sportif de voile de haut niveau reliant tous les quatre ans St Malo à Pointe-a-Pitre, enregistre au plan économique des résultats modestes si l’on en juge à la fois par les médiocres retombées induites en matière de fréquentation touristique, par les faibles coefficients multiplicateurs de revenu affichés, par un ratio coût-bénéfice défavorable et par les incidences mineures que provoque cet évènement sur la croissance économique régionale.
Evaluation of economic effects from sport events is necessary to pursue or not these events. This evaluation is important for enterprises that provide goods and services also for the government, because it allows them to obtain an accurate vision of the future.Today, we have a growing need of evaluation from the people involved in sport activities. Sometimes, these people ask themselves on economic and social advantages of these events.The objective of this paper is to propose for Guadeloupe a rigourous methodology that assesses the economic and social impact of Route du rhum which is a transatlantic competition between St-Malo and Pointe-a-Pitre. We use two approaches: the first of which is level-based and determines the values of both economic base multipliers and input-output multipliers by composing an input-output table of the Guadeloupe economy. The second, dynamic approach specifies from an econometric model the impact of several variables, especially those of la Route du rhum. The goal is to provide findings to stakeholders of this sport for comparison. The results of the investigation merge and show globally weak economic performance of Route du rhum, particularly a poor cost-benefit ratio, weak economic multipliers and inter-industry linkages.
Guadeloupe

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.5296
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/5296

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
STUDY QUESTION: Do freezing and in vitro culture procedures enhance the expression of proteins involved in apoptotic or autophagic pathways in murine pre-pubertal testicular tissue? SUMMARY ANSWER: IVM strongly modified apoptosis- and autophagy-related relative protein levels in mice testicular tissue whereas the impact of cryopreservation procedures was minimal at the end of the culture. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: In vitro spermatogenesis remains a challenging technical issue as it imposes to find a very close balance between survival and death of germ cell natural precursors (i.e. gonocytes and spermatogonia), which will eventually undergo a complete spermatogenesis close to in vivo conditions. The establishment of efficient culture conditions coupled with suitable cryopreservation procedures (e.g. controlled slow freezing [CSF] and solid surface vitrification [SSV]) of pre-pubertal testicular tissue is a crucial step in the fields of fertility preservation and restoration to improve the spermatic yield obtained in vitro. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: Here, we study cryopreservation procedures (i.e. CSF or SSV) and the impact of culture media compositions. A first set of 66 mouse pre-pubertal testes were directly cultured during 30, 36, 38 and 60 days (D) from 2.5 to 6.5-day-old CD-1 mice to evaluate the impact of time-aspect of culture and to endorse the reverse phase protein microarrays (RPPM) technique as an adapted experimental tool for the field of in vitro spermatogenesis. Ninety others fresh, slow-frozen and vitrified pre-pubertal testes were cultured during 30 days for the principal study to evaluate the impact of cryopreservation procedures before and after culture. Thirty-four testes dissected from 2.5, 6.5, 36.5, 40.5, 42.5 and 62.5 days postpartum (dpp) mice, corresponding to the time frames of spermatogenesis orchestrated in vitro, were used as in vivo controls. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: After in vitro culture, testicular tissue samples originated from 2.5 or 6.5-day-old CD-1 male mice were analyzed using RPPM. This targeted proteomic technique allowed us to assess the expression level of 29 apoptosis- and autophagy-related factors by normalizing blank-corrected signal values. In addition, morphological analyses (e.g. HES, PAS, TRA98 and CREM) and DNA fragmentation in intra-tubular cells (i.e. terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling; TUNEL) were assessed for the distinct experimental conditions tested as well as for in vivo control mouse testes. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: A validation of the RPPM procedure in the field of in vitro spermatogenesis was completed with assay and array robustness before a principal study concerning the evaluation of the impact of in vitro culture and cryopreservation procedures. The proportion of elongated spermatids and the total cell number per seminiferous tubule tended to be very different between the in vivo and in vitro conditions (P < 0.05), suggesting the presence of a beneficial regulation on the first spermatogenesis wave by intrinsic apoptosis (Caspase₉) and autophagy (Atg5) factors (P < 0.0003 and r2 = 0.74). Concerning the impact of culture media compositions, a basic medium (BM) composed of αMEM plus 10% KnockOut™ serum replacement and gentamicin supplemented with retinol (Rol) and vitamin E (Vit. E) was selected as the best culture medium for fresh 6.5 dpp tissue cultured during 30D with 27.7 ± 8.10% of seminiferous tubules containing elongated spermatids. Concerning the impact of cryopreservation procedures, SSV did not have any impact on the morphological parameters evaluated after culture in comparison to fresh tissue (FT) controls. The proportion of tubules with elongated spermatids on testicular explants cultured with BMRol+Vit. E was not different between SSV (6.6 ± 1.6%) and CSF (5.3 ± 1.9%); however, round spermatids were observed more frequently for SSV (19 ± 6.2%) than CSF (3.3 ± 1.9%, P = 0.0317). Even if the proportion of TUNEL-positive cells for BMRol+Vit. E was higher at D30 after SSV (4.12 ± 0.26%) than CSF (1.86 ± 0.12%, P = 0.0022) and FT (2.69 ± 0.33%, P = 0.0108), the DNA damages observed at the end of the culture (i.e. D30) were similar to respective 6.5 dpp controls. In addition, the relative protein level expression ratio of an apoptotic factor, the phosphorylated FADD on Fas, was reduced by 64-fold in vitrified testes cultured with BMRol+Vit. E. Furthermore, we found in this study that the StemPro®-34 SFM culture medium supplemented with growth factors (e.g. EGF, bFGF, GDNF and LIF) prevented the differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells in favor of a significant proliferation with a better architectural pattern than in vivo 6.5 dpp controls with an increase of seminiferous tubules area for FT (P = 0.0357) and CSF (P = 0.0317). LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION: Despite our promising results, the evaluation of apoptotic- and autophagic-related proteins was studied for a limited amount of proteins and on global testicular tissue. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: The data presented herein will help to improve apoptotic and autophagic understanding during the first spermatogenic wave. Moreover, our findings illustrate for the first time that, using finely-tuned experimental conditions, a testicular in vitro culture combined with proteomic technologies may significantly facilitate the study of cryopreservation procedures and in vitro culture evaluations. This study may also contribute to improve work on testicular tissues from pre-pubertal and adolescent cancer survivors. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): This study was supported by a Ph.D. grant from the Rouen Normandie Université and a financial support from 'la Ligue nationale contre le cancer' (both awarded to L.D.), funding from Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Agence de la Biomédecine, and co-supported by European Union and Région Normandie. Europe gets involved in Normandie with European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Molecular Human Reproduction

hal-01647081
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01647081
DOI : 10.1093/molehr/gax054
PUBMED : 29040674

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Inter-Research
Résumé : International audience
Sphaeroma serratum is a marine isopod species that inhabits seashores from Europe to West Africa. The individuals live under stones in direct contact with reduced sediments and harbour a diverse bacterial community on the cuticle of their pleopods. We investigated the diversity of these epibiotic bacteria on male (pubescent and senescent) and female specimens with electron microscopic obser vations and molecular tools. The microbial community of S. serratum was shown to be composed of at least 5 bacterial morphotypes observed on the pleopodal cuticle in all male specimens. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we identified 5 major phylogenetic groups (α-, β-, γ- and δ-Proteobacteria and Archaea) whereas denaturing gradient gel electro - phoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments of epibiotic bacteria revealed 50 bands. The bacterial community associated with S. serratum seems more diverse than in other marine crustaceans, such as Rimicaris. The relative diversity of this bacterial community was also studied in relation to the molt cycle. The comparison of DGGE band patterns of several individuals from female, pubescent male and senescent male groups revealed that the bacterial community diversity was dependent on the sex and the age of the individuals and more generally on the molt status.
Marine Ecology Progress Series

hal-00743743
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00743743
DOI : 10.3354/meps09711

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
STUDY QUESTION: Is prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) associated with variations of sex hormone levels in cord blood? SUMMARY ANSWER: Prenatal exposure to a number of POPs is associated with a disruption of hormone levels in cord blood, with sex specificities. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Epidemiological studies have reported disorders of reproductive health, in relation with POPs exposure during early life and the endocrine disruption properties of these chemicals have been suggested as possible mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: A subset of 282 mother-child pairs was selected from the prospective population-based PELAGIE birth cohort (n = 3421, 2002-2006, Brittany, France). Pregnant women were recruited before 19 weeks of gestation and followed until delivery. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Sex hormone levels including sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), estradiol (E2), total testosterone (T), free testosterone (fT = T/SHBG) and the aromatase index (AI = T/E2) were measured in 282 cord blood samples. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) was measured in male newborns only. Pesticide concentrations of α-endosulfan, β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), γ-HCH, dieldrin, pp'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), heptachlor epoxide (HCE), as well as PCBs (congeners 153, 187 and the sum of anti-estrogenic PCBs 118, 138, and 170) and decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE209) were also measured in cord blood. Associations between sex hormones and POPs exposure were explored using multiple linear regressions adjusted for potential confounders. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: High PCB levels were associated with an increase of SHBG (P-trend extless 0.01) and AMH (P-trend extless 0.05) and a decrease of fT (P-trend extless 0.05) and AI (P-trend extless 0.01). High pesticide levels, particularly α-endosulfan and HCE, were associated with an increase of SHBG (P extless 0.05) and E2 (P extless 0.01) and a decrease of fT (P extless 0.05) and AI (P extless 0.01). Several of these associations were stronger, or specific, among male or female newborns. The associations were not altered in the sensitivity analyses. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: The study population was of relatively small sample size, and some compounds rarely detected in cord blood. The high level of correlation between POPs makes it difficult to identify the most contributing POPs. Hormone measurements were performed at birth (in cord blood) and may not adequately represent the infant endocrine system. Multiple statistical testing may have led to false-positive associations. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: Our results are in discordance with those reported in the only published study of the kind but in accordance with studies about prenatal exposure to other endocrine disruptors such as phthalates. These findings may help understanding the pathways involved in adverse reproductive outcomes associated with POPs exposure. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS: The PELAGIE cohort is funded by Inserm, French Ministry of Health, French Ministry of Labor, InVS, ANR, ANSES, and French Ministry of Ecology. None of the authors has any competing interest to declare
ISSN: 0268-1161

hal-01220641
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01220641
DOI : 10.1093/humrep/dev260
PUBMED : 26493407

Éditeur(s) : ESPE de la Guadeloupe : Ecole Supérieure du Professorat et de l'Education
Description : Alain Dorville (docteur en psychologie) présente une réflexion sur un dispositif appelé "bâtir la communication et le langage" qui s'inscrit dans une approche constructive qui propose une autre manière d'envisager les apprentissage scolaires. Il présente les axes de cette démarche cette approche d'enseignement basée sur la construction. Cette réflexion est le résultat d'une expérience d'accompagnateur et formateur d'enseignants, observateurs de classe. Il explique que l'école n'enseigne pas le français mais elle fait parler le français aux enfants et l'échec en français est le point de départ des autres échecs. Il y a mal donne sur ce qu'on croit que l'on fait et que l'on dit que l'on fait. L'école n'enseigne pas enseigner le français mais le développer dans la langue de scolarité les compétences individuelles en communication, en langage, et en langue. Ces trois dimensions : communication, langage, langue, ne peuvent pas être développées dans une seule leçon de français. L'enseignant doit donc agi sur le développement de l'enfant.

Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V16187
V16187

Éditeur(s) : ECMEA : Etudes Croisées des Mondes Européens et Américains CRILLASH : Centre de Recherches Interdisciplinaires en Lettres, Langues, Arts et Sciences Humaines Université des Antilles. Service commun de la documentation
Extrait de : "Terres promises, représentations et imaginaires" : colloque, du 25 au 27 novembre 2015. Université des Antilles
Description : Dans les trois romans qui feront l'objet de cette communication, on verra comment pour parler des sociétés du Nouveau Monde (en particulier, celle du bassin amazonien) mais aussi de leur matrice européenne, les écrivains ont su combiner les diverses composantes du mythe de la terre promise avec la thématique de l'inceste, forme suprême de la transgression. C'est ainsi que l'on fera apparaître comment l'inceste introduit fragilité et précarité dans les structures créées par les colons des Amériques et leurs divers alliés, mais encore comment il met à mal l'idéologie raciste développée par la métropole à l'égard du migrant noir. En outre, excellent révélateur des rapports de domination en tous genres, le thème de l'inceste apporte un cinglant démenti à l'utopie portée par le mythe de la terre promise.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 20
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V16090
V16090

Éditeur(s) : ISTPM
Résumé : The problems caused by venomous fish in the waters of the Lesser Antilles were studied in two notes published by the state-run Technical Assistance and Social Credit Company (SATEC) and in older works by Poey (1866), Arcisz (1950) and Randal (1958). The first SATEC note gives the brief description and classification of venomous coastal fishes of St. Barthelemy; the other SATEC note explores the hypotheses on the origin of venomousity of tropical fish based on a vast literature review (Morice, 1961, 1962). It also gives in the appendix a complete list of "fearful" species (this is how venoumous fish are designated in the local language and the "ciguatera" is called a "hurt fish") in St. Barthelemy waters and reports the cases of poisoning studied on the island since September 1960.In October 1963, we carried out a short expedition to St. Martin, during which we established equivalences between local names used by the inhabitants of St. Barthelemy and St. Martin to designate dangerous species. Moreover, thanks to kind help by a doctor at the Marigot hospital, we were able to note details on the symptoms from a series of serious poisonings that occurred at Marigot and surrounding areas in July-August 1963. The species incriminated by the victims of this poisoning had been caught in the south-west of the "Ile des Chiens" situated in the north-west of St. Martin and were all part of the list previously established for St. Barthelemy.
Les problèmes posés par la vénénosité de certains poissons des eaux des Petites Antilles ont fait l'objet, en de:hors de travaux anciens de POEY, 1866 à ARCISZ, 1950 et RANDALL, 1958) de deux notes ronéotypées par les services de la S.A.T.E.C. L'une concerne la description rapide et la classification des poissons côtiers vénéneux de l'île de St-Barthélémy; l'autre étudie les théories émises à propos de l'origine de la vénénosité des poissons tropicaux, ceci après compilation de la vaste littérature parue à ce sujet (MORICE, 1961 : 1962) ; elle donne également en annexe la liste complétée des espèces « redouteuses » des eaux de St-Barthélémy avec notification des cas d'empoisonnement étudiés dans l'île depuis septembre 1960 (c'est en effet par ce qualificatif que les poissons vénéneux sent désignés dans le patois de St-Barthélémy, et la « ciguatera)) est appelée « mal poisson ))). En octobre 1963, nous avons effectué une courte mission d'étude à St-Martin, séjour au cours duquel nous avons pu établir l'équivalence des noms vernaculaires utilisés par les habitants de St-Barthélémy et de St-Martin pour désigner les espèces dangereuses; de plus, grâce au concours aimable du médecin de l'hôpital de Marigot, nous avons pu noter les détails symptomatologiques d'une série d'intoxications graves survenues à Marigot et clans ses environs en juillet-août 1963. Les espèces incriminées par les victimes de cette intoxication avaient été capturées dans le sud-ouest de l'îlot des Chiens, dans le nord-ouest de St-Martin et faisaient toutes partie de la liste établie précédemment pour St-Barthélémy. (OCR non contrôlé)
Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Pêches Maritimes (0035-2276) (ISTPM), 1965-09 , Vol. 28 , N. 3 , P. 231-236

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1965/publication-4040.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4040/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD ACSM
Résumé : International audience
PURPOSE AND METHODS: This study was designed to determine whether the physiological responses elicited during the run part of repeated bouts of cycle-run exercise are similar to those required during the run segment of a cycle-run succession. Thirteen male triathletes underwent four successive laboratory trials: 1) an incremental treadmill test, 2) an incremental cycle test, 3) 30 min of cycling followed by 20 min of running (C-R), and 4) five repeated bouts of 6 min of cycling and 4 min of running (X-CR). During the C-R and X-CR trials, venous blood samples were obtained to measure lactate, epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations. During all trials, ventilatory data were collected every min using an automated breath-by-breath system. RESULTS: The results showed that 1) the cardiorespiratory responses observed during running were similar in the X-CR and C-R trials, 2) the lactate concentration was similar in both trials, 3) the epinephrine concentration was greater (277.9 +/- 11.9 vs 169.8 +/- 86.7 pg x mL(-1), P < 0.025) in X-CR than in C-R, and 4) the norepinephrine concentration was similar in both trials, except at the first cycle-run succession (T1) of X-CR. CONCLUSION: We concluded that 1) multi-block training is a good method to stimulate the specific adaptations required for the cycle-run succession, and particularly for the cycle-run transition, and 2) multi-block training seems to induce a greater catecholaminergic response, which may be due to a combination of an inherent effect of this type of training and the triathletes' relative lack of experience with it. In any case, the efficacy of the multi-block model needs to be more thoroughly evaluated over the course of a longer-term training program.
Medicine & Science in Sports & exercise

hal-00720475
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720475
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720475/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720475/file/Article_2_.pdf

Éditeur(s) : Institut de Ciències del Mar de Barcelona, CSIC
Résumé : The main characteristics of the biology of bigeye scad were studied from commercial fishery catches around Reunion Island. Biometric relationships were calculated. The monitoring of size distribution, aggregated by month, allowed us to estimate the theoretical growth equation using the ELEFAN software. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters were adjusted with a seasonal modulation: L8 = 265 mm; K = 1.64 year-1; c = 0.068; ? = 0.38. The growth of the cohort was quite high during the austral summer (November-April) and decreased during the austral winter (May-October). The arrival of a new cohort with homogeneous small sizes (65 to 90 mm) in the fishery in November coincided with the disappearance of large individuals. A feature of the reproductive biology was that the sex ratio remained constant month by month and that there was no predominance of male or female even in the larger size classes. Fish were mature by April and the proportion of mature fish progressively increased until November, when the gonad-indices were the highest. The size at first maturity (L50) was reached at 215 mm (fork length). The largest specimens observed were 255 mm long (fork length). After reproduction, massive mortality occurred and few individuals survived.
Scientia Marina (0214-8358) (Institut de Ciències del Mar de Barcelona, CSIC), 2007-03 , Vol. 71 , N. 1 , P. 137-144

Droits : 2007 CSIC
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/publication-2335.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/2335/

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles. Service commun de la documentation
Description : Échange avec Timalo, né Thierry Malo, romancier, poète, slameur, auteur-compositeur, interprète créolophone, autour de son roman "Dyablès" sur le thème "raconter nos vérités dans la fiction".
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V18144
V18144