Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
We report microstructural evidence for fluid-assisted ductile strain localization in a ≤ 50 m-wide mylonitic–ultramylonitic shear zone in the Ronda Peridotite massif, Southern Spain. Strain localization occurred at relatively low pressure (< 0.8 GPa) and moderate temperature (750–1000 °C). Initial deformation by dislocation creep resulted in formation of mylonites. Focusing of aqueous fluids in the shear zone favored the activation of dissolution–precipitation creep, resulting in further strain localization. This process is recorded by two generations of ultramylonitic bands composed of fine-grained, well-mixed olivine–orthopyroxene aggregates. Microstructural observations in the ultramylonites suggest alternating dissolution and precipitation of olivine and orthopyroxene, which may be explained by local changes in silica molality of the percolating fluid (disequilibrium and mass transfer at scales > mm). In the mylonites, olivine shows a crystal preferred orientation (CPO) coherent with dominant (001)[100] glide, probably due to the presence of interstitial fluids during deformation. In the ultramylonites, olivine CPO is weak to very weak, consistently with a decreasing contribution of dislocation creep to deformation. In contrast, fine-grained orthopyroxene in both mylonites and ultramylonites displays a clear CPO characterized by a [001] maximum normal to the foliation, which is not consistent with dislocation glide in any known slip system for orthopyroxene. We interpret this CPO as formed by oriented crystallization during dissolution–precipitation. In the present study, dissolution–precipitation creep predominates only in small-scale ultramylonite bands due to limited fluid availability and localized dynamic permeability. However, this process may be important in intermediate temperature domains of subduction zones, where it may lead to a feedback between strain localization and fluid transport.
ISSN: 0024-4937

hal-01395122
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01395122
DOI : 10.1016/j.lithos.2016.07.038

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
Investigation of an eclogite xenolith, discovered in a Cretaceous granite from the Central Domain of the Dabieshan massif in eastern China, yields new petrological insights into the high to ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism, experienced by the Qinling-Dabie orogen. Prior to inclusion as a xenolith in the granite during the Early Cretaceous, this eclogite xenolith had recorded a complex metamorphic evolution that complies with subduction and exhumation processes experienced by the continental crust of the South China Block. Well-preserved mineral parageneses substantiate the prograde and retrograde stages revealed by inclusions in porphyroblastic garnet and zoned minerals such as garnet, comphacite and amphibole in the matrix. The relatively low P/T re-equilibration during a latemetamorphic stage was textually inferred by the presence of aluminous and calcic-subcalcic amphiboles such as katophorite, edenite, taramite and pargasite as main matrix phases. According to our U/Pb, Rb/Sr and new 40Ar/39Ar geochronological results, namely 109 ± 1 and 112 ± 2 Ma plateau ages for muscovite and amphiboles, respectively, two successive but distinct cooling stages account for the thermal history of the granite–migmatite gneiss dome that forms the Central Dabieshan Domain. We argue that prior to the Cretaceous doming, the Central Dabieshan Domain experienced a tectono-metamorphic evolution similar to that observed in the high-pressure to ultra high-pressure units developed in the Southern Dabieshan Domain and Hong'an massif.
ISSN: 1437-3254

hal-00104224
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00104224
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00104224/document
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00104224/file/Lin-IntJEarthSciences-2007.pdf
DOI : 10.1007/s00531-006-0129-z

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
In the southern part of the Armorican Massif, a Carboniferous continental sedimentation is preserved in two basins located along a dextral fault (the Nort-sur-Erdre Fault). The first one called the Ancenis Basin is Early Carboniferous in age. The second, Namurian in age (i.e. Early to Late Carboniferous), consists of coal-bearing basins (Basse-Loire Unit) and is supposed to be synchronous with the dextral displacement along the North-sur-Erdre Fault. The Carboniferous series of the Ancenis Basin presents intrusive rocks (granite, microgranites) and volcanic rocks (rhyolites). Chemical analyses indicate that they all belong to the same magmatic high-K calc-alkaline association of peraluminous composition. For the first time, this magmatic event has been dated using the LA-ICPMS U-Pb method on zircons. The obtained age is of 319.3 3.1 Ma and constrains both the maximum age of end of the sedimentation and the northward tilting of the sediments in the Ancenis Basin. This magmatic event is coeval with the sedimentation of the coal-bearing Namurian basins. These intrusions are interpreted as the feeding conduits of the volcano-sedimentary layers encountered in these basins. The present-day distance between the intrusive rocks in the Ancenis basin and their extrusive products would imply a minimal dextral displacement of nearly 20-25 km along the Nort-sur-Erdre Fault.
Geophysical Research Abstracts
Vienne, Austria

insu-00673907
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00673907

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
High-grade migmatitic and mylonitic gneisses from the Day Nui Con Voi massif in northern Vietnam record temperatures of 760-810 °C at pressures of 6-10 kbars. High temperature conditions have resulted in the development of major element diffusional profiles in garnet. Laser ablation ICP-MS analyses of trace elements indicate that REE and Hf closely followed Rayleigh-like fractionation trends but underwent significant post-crystallization modification. Light REE and to a lesser extent, HREE rim-to-rim zonation profiles show progressive flattening with the decreasing garnet size. Nd and Sm are completely homogenized in the crystals smaller than 1.5 mm, while Lu always preserves variable degrees of core-to-rim concentration gradient. The observed REE patterns are interpreted as resulting from the combination of protracted garnet growth of progressively smaller crystals and intracrystalline diffusion. This had profound influence on Sm-Nd geochronology and resulted in isochron ages ranging from 50 to 32 Ma. The youngest age was obtained for a sample, where all garnet crystals are smaller than 2 mm in which light REE profiles are completely or nearly completely homogenized. Thus, only the youngest age represents geologically meaningful event, and 31.7 ± 0.9 Ma age is interpreted as the best estimate of the resetting episode due to high temperature diffusional homogenization of light REE during early Oligocene metamorphism. Older Sm-Nd ages reflect mixed analyses of variably reset individual garnet crystals. Lu-Hf isotopic analyses of bulk garnet fractions, despite yielding high parent/daughter isotopic ratios appeared very scattered and did not allow defining isochron ages. Instead, apparent ages defined by whole rock and individual garnet fractions range from c. 80 to 160 Ma. Very old apparent ages are interpreted as being the consequence of intracrystalline Lu diffusion and preservation of the original Hf distribution, which leads to lower 176Lu/177Hf ratios, and thus steeper (older) isochrons. Back diffusion of Lu during commonly observed resorption played a subordinate role in modifying isotope systematics.
ISSN: 0009-2541

hal-00813949
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00813949
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.04.024

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé :   Diplôme : DEA
il s'agit d'un type de produit dont les métadonnées ne correspondent pas aux métadonnées attendues dans les autres types de produit : DISSERTATION
Tropical rainforests are complex ecosystems, rarely investigated from ground-level. The canopy, highest part of the cover, can on the other hand be studied by several remote sensing tools. The aim of this study is to assess in what way the canopy is related to the forest structure below and the forest dynamic. We looked for correlation between the canopy texture (crown size) observed from aerial photographs and various parameters of the forest (spatial and demographic structure, forest dynamic, floristic structure). We worked on the Paracou experimental device, in French Guiana, at two different scales. 1- At a local scale (6.5 ha ; scale of the photographs 1: 4 000), we demarcated six sub-plots with big crowns in the canopy and six with small crowns. 2- At a forest scale (approximately one hundred ha ; scale of the photograph 1: 25 000), we compared 2 forest plots: one with a rough canopy texture and one with a smooth canopy texture. We found that the size of the crowns in the canopy do not express the same characteristics of the fore according to the scale of study : at the local scale, difference in crown size means a difference in basal area but not in density, while at the forest scale it is the opposite. Several hypotheses related to the sylvigenetic cycle, the floristic structure or the nature of the substratum are suggested to explain these results.
Les forêts tropicales humides (FTH) sont des écosystèmes complexes difficiles à étudier depuis le sol. Leur canopée, partie supérieure du couvert, est en revanche abordable par divers outils de télédétection. Cette étude vise à déterminer en quoi la structure de la canopée est le reflet de la structure forestière sous-jacente et de la dynamique spatio-temporelle qui s'y exerce. Nous avons donc recherché des corrélations, entre la texture de canopée (taille des couronnes) vue sur des photographies aériennes, et différents paramètres de la forêt sous-jacente (structure spatiale et démographique, dynamique forestière, structure floristique). Ce travail a été abordé sur le dispositif expérimental forestier de Paracou, en Guyane Française, à 2 échelles différentes. 1- A l'échelle de la parcelle (6,5 ha ; photographies au 1: 4 000), nous avons délimité des placettes à grosses couronnes en canopée et des placettes à petites couronnes. 2- A l'échelle du massif forestier (une centaine d'ha ; photographies IGN au 1: 25 000) nous comparons une parcelle de texture de canopée, grossière et une parcelle de texture fine. Le résultat principal de notre étude est que la taille des couronnes en canopée ne reflète pas les mêmes caractéristiques du couvert selon l'échelle de l’étude : à l'échelle de la parcelle, des différences de taille de couronnes traduisent des différences de surface terrière mais pas de densité, tandis qu'à l'échelle du massif forestier c'est l'inverse. Plusieurs hypothèses, invoquant des différences dans le stade sylvigénétique, la composition floristique ou la nature du substrat des placettes ou parcelles comparées, sont proposées pour expliquer ces résultats.
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01189180

hal-01189180
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01189180
PRODINRA : 12184

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Spinel lherzolite xenoliths from Mont Briancon, French Massif Central, retain evidence for multiple episodes of melt depletion and melt/fluid infiltration (metasomatism). Evidence for primary melt depletion is still preserved in the co-variation of bulk-rock major elements (MgO 38.7-46.1 wt.%; CaO 0.9-3.6 wt.%), and many samples yield unradiogenic bulk-rock Os isotope ratios (Os-187/Os-188 = 0.11541-0.12626). However, many individual xenoliths contain interstitial glasses and melt inclusions that are not in equilibrium with the major primary minerals. Incompatible trace element mass balance calculations demonstrate that metasomatic components comprise a significant proportion of the bulk-rock budget for these elements in some rocks, ranging to as much as 25%, of Nd and 40% of Sr Critically, for Re-Os geochronology, melt/fluid infiltration is accompanied by the mobilisation of Sulfide. Consequently, bulk-rock isotope measurements, whether using lithophile (e.g. Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd) or siderophile (Re-Os) based isotope systems, may only yield a perturbed and/or homogenised average of these multiple events.;Osmium mass balance calculations demonstrate that bulk-rock Os in peridotite is dominated by contributions from two populations of sulfide grain: (i) interstitial, metasomatic Sulfide with low [Os] and radiogenic Os-187/Os-188, and (ii) primary sulfides with high [Os] and unradiogenic Os-187/Os-188, which have been preserved within host silicate grains and shielded from interaction with transient melts and fluid. The latter can account for >97% of bulk-rock Os and preserve geochronological information of the melt from which they originally precipitated as an immiscible liquid. The Re-depletion model ages of individual primary sulfide grains preserve evidence for melt depletion beneath the Massif Central from at least 1.8 Gyr ago despite the more recent metasomatic event(s). (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN: 0016-7037

hal-00454537
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00454537
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2009.09.031

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Tin mineralization in Achmmach deposit (NE of Moroccan Central Massif) is associated with tourmaline-rich alteration halos and faults, within N70 shear zones, hosted in sandstones and metapelites of the Upper Visean-Namurian. Such deposits were reported as late-Variscan in age and related to the emplacement of late orogenic granite not outcropping in the studied area.From field constraints, it appears that the late Variscan phase is marked by a transition from transpression to extension with conditions of deformation evolving from ductile to brittle environments. During the transpressive phase (horizontal shortening direction roughly trending E-W), pervasive tourmaline is deposited under the form of metasomatic halos around fractures in the upper levels relative to the deep batholith. This hydrothermal activity is coeval with ductile shear zones within a large corridors trending N70. Tourmaline-rich alteration appears as a hardening stage contributing to the modification of the tectonic style of rocks. Thereafter, a strong brecciation occurs in response of re-using and re-opening of the strike-slip structure. The result is (1) the formation of dextral (N070, N020) and sinistral (N120) shears, and (2) the circulation of fluids within early tourmalinites and formation of tourmaline-rich breccia. Subsequently, during the late orogenic extensional phase, tourmalinite breccias reopened as normal faults acting as overpressure fluid pathways for developing other breccias and veins. Such event is marked by deposition of tin mineralization i.e., cassiterite followed by sulphides, and then fluorite and carbonates at the end.From analysis of the shear-zone structure and superimposition of tourmalines and tin mineralization in the same structures, it is possible to suggest a structural control continuum. Such control is well expressed during metasomatism and deposition of hydrothermal tourmaline under the transpressive phase. Thereafter, under the extensive phase allowing open-space, tin-mineralization were trapped.This study has been supported by AI MA/09/210
24ème RST
Pau, France

insu-01546927
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01546927

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Seismic anisotropy of the south Iberian upper mantle is investigated using shear-wave splitting of SKS phases. We analyzed teleseismic events recorded by sixteen permanent broadband stations installed on the southern Iberian Peninsula and in northern Africa, and we determined fast polarization directions phi, and delay times delta t between fast and slow components. The area of investigation extends across two important geological structures in the Variscan Iberian Peninsula: the Variscan Iberian Massif in its center, and the Gibraltar arc in the Southeast, that represents the most westerly Alpine belt in the western Mediterranean. Shear-wave splitting measurements from stations in the Betic domain show homogeneous ENE-WSW fast directions nearly parallel to the trend of the mountain belt, and smooth spatial variations. Stations in the North, toward the southern part of the Variscan Iberian Massif show homogeneous fast directions however trending NS to NE-SW, different from those recorded in the Betic. These observations may reflect a post-Hercynian (Variscan) deformation of the Ossa-Morena zone, related to the main stages in the tectonic evolution of this part, namely transpressional stage, transtensional stage and shortening episode, or a deformation related to the posterior Alpine orogeny. Along the Gibraltar arc, we observe a smoothly varying phi trend changing from ENE-WSW in the Eastern Betics to NS in the area of Gibraltar and Ceuta, following more or less the general trend of the mountain belt around the Alboran Sea, and the coastline. Since a similar rotation is also visible in results from Pn anisotropy, this suggests that the anisotropy is vertically coherent starting from just below the Moho. Comparing the anisotropy pattern expected from various geodynamic models with the observed SKS splitting suggests that the anisotropy is best explained by a model of slab rollback, rather than by delamination models.
ISSN: 0012-821X

hal-00412175
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00412175
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00412175/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00412175/file/Buontempo_SKS_gibraltar_EPSL2008_hal.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.06.024

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The Rif Chain (Northern Morocco) belongs, with the Betic Cordillera(Southern Spain), to the western termination of the Alpine belt. Deepestunits of the Rif Internal Zones (i.e. Lower Sebtides) outcrop in three areas, from North to South : Ceuta, Cabo Negro and Beni Bousera.The quick exhumation of these units during the Late Oligocene-EarlyMiocene is related with a crustal thinning and the Alboran Sea rifting.Despite Beni Bousera massif has been well investigated, no data areavailable in Ceuta and Cabo Negro areas. This study aims to constrainthe last steps of cooling and exhumation in the Lower Sebtides usingmedium- and low-temperature thermochronological data. Combinationof Ar-Ar on micas, fission tracks and (U-Th)/He on apatites (respectivelyAFT and AHe) from high-grade rocks allows understanding thermalhistory between 450-350°C and surface temperatures. These datasuggest a similar cooling evolution of the Ceuta and Cabo Negro units.Ages obtained with all these methods are comprised in the same interval,between 22 and 18 Ma. These data record an almost instantaneouscooling (between 50 and 200°C/Ma) associated to final exhumation afterthe Oligo-Miocene thermal event affecting these units at shallowdepths (10 km). Low-temperature data suggest that Ceuta and CaboNegro units cooled at surface temperatures before Beni Bousera ones.Since the end of Burdigalian, the Rif internal zones vertical movementsdid not exceed 1km, even during the Messinian Salinity. AFT and AHeages in the whole Sebtides are also slightly older than these obtainedin their Spanish equivalent (Alpujarrides). The Gibraltar arc is dividedinto several independent crustal blocks separated by major fault zonesperpendicular to the coast that could have induced independent verticalmovements during the entire Neogene
24 ème Réunion des sciences de la Terre 2014
Pau, France

insu-01080768
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01080768

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley-Blackwell
Résumé : International audience
In the Oman ophiolite, the large scale Makhibiyah shear zone, in Wadi Tayin massif was generated with no or little relative motion between the two adjacent blocks, in contrast with what is reported from otherwise similar shear zones in deep crust and upper mantle. This shear zone is asymmetrical with, along one margin an asthenospheric mantle (similar to 1200 degrees C) and along the adjacent margin, a lithospheric mantle (similar to 1000 degrees C). Within the hotter side and with increasing shear strain, horizontal flow lines smoothly swing towards the shear zone direction before abutting against the wall of the lithosphere side. Profuse mafic melts issued from the hotter mantle are frozen in the shear zone by cooling along this lithospheric wall. Tectonic and magmatic activities are entirely localized within the asthenospheric compartment. Mantle flow lines were rotated, during their channelling along this NW-SE shear zone, in the NW and SE opposite directions. Depending on whether the flow lines are deviated NW or SE, dextral or sinistral shear sense is recorded in the shear band mylonitic peridotites. This demonstrates that the shear zone was not generated by strike-slip motion, a conclusion supported by regional observations.
ISSN: 0954-4879

hal-00411334
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00411334
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-3121.2008.00806.x

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Differentiation of the lithospheric mantle occurred principally through partial melting and extraction of melts. Harzburgites are generally considered as melting residues whereas lherzolites are regarded as pristine mantle weakly affected by melting. However, some orogenic peridotites show evidence of igneous refertilization. In this context, this work re-investigates the nature of the Lherz lherzolites (Pyrenees), type-locality of lherzolites, described as a piece of preserved fertile mantle. Structural and geochemical data show that these lherzolites are not pristine but formed through a refertilization reaction between MORB-like melts and refractory lithosphere. Moreover, the Lherz peridotites were partly used to infer the composition of the primitive upper mantle and these results may have important implications for the nature of the late veneer. Additionally, crystal-preferred orientations of minerals (CPO) highlight a strong feedback between melt percolation and finite strain in the percolated rocks. CPO variations are ruled by a subtle balance between instantaneous melt fraction and local strain rate. This work also investigated the effect of melt percolation on Hf, Nd and Sr isotopes. Isotope systematics in Lherz shows that strong isotopic decoupling may arise in a percolation front. The modelling suggests that decoupled isotopic signatures are generated during porous flow and governed by the melt/matrix elements concentrations, chemical diffusivities or efficiency of isotopic homogenization. Melt-rock interactions can generate “intraplate-like” isotopic signatures. This suggests that a part of isotopic signatures of mantle-related rocks could be generated by diffusional processes associated with melt transport.
La différenciation du manteau lithosphérique s'est principalement effectuée par fusion partielle et extraction de magmas. Les harzburgites sont généralement considérées comme des résidus de fusion tandis que les lherzolites représentent un manteau originel peu affecté par la fusion. Cependant, certaines péridotites orogéniques montrent des évidences de refertilisation magmatique. Dans ce contexte, ce travail remet en cause la nature primitive des lherzolites de Lherz (Pyrénées), lithotype de la lherzolite. Les données structurales et géochimiques montrent que ces lherzolites ne représentent pas du manteau préservé mais qu'elles se sont formées par une réaction de refertilisation entre un liquide de type MORB et une lithosphère réfractaire. De plus, les orientations préférentielles de réseau (OPR) des minéraux montrent une forte interdépendance entre la percolation magmatique et la déformation finie observée dans les roches percolées. Les variations d'OPR semblent contrôlées par un équilibre subtil entre fraction de liquide instantanée et taux de déformation local. Ce travail a également abordé les effets de la percolation magmatique sur la variabilité isotopique des roches mantelliques. Les résultats montrent qu'un fort découplage isotopique peut s'observer dans un front de percolation. Les modèles suggèrent que le découplage des signatures isotopiques se produit pendant la percolation, gouverné par le rapport des concentrations en éléments (magma/matrice), la diffusivité et le processus d'homogénéisation isotopique. Les réactions magma/roche peuvent générer des signatures isotopiques de type intraplaque. Ceci suggère qu'une part des signatures isotopiques des roches ou laves dérivées du manteau pourrait être produite par des processus diffusionnels associés à du transport de magma.
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00431325

tel-00431325
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00431325
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00431325/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00431325/file/theseleroux08.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Geological Society
Résumé : International audience
Deformation mechanisms, long-term kinematics and evolution of fold and thrust belts subjected to erosion are studied through 2D analogue experiments involving large convergence. First-order parameters tested include (1) décollements and/or plastic layers interbedded at different locations within analogue materials and (2) synconvergence surface erosion. Weak layers, depending on their location in the model, favour deformation partitioning characterized by the simultaneous development of underplating domains in the inner part of the wedge (basal accretion) and frontal accretion where the wedge grows forward. Interaction between tectonics and surface processes influences this behaviour. Development of antiformal thrust stacks controlled by underplating shows small- and large-scale cyclicity. Thin plastic layers induce folding processes, which are studied at wedge scale. Recumbent and overturned folds, with large inverted limbs, develop in a shear-induced asymmetric deformation regime via progressive unrolling of synclinal hinges. Surface erosion and underplating at depth induce further rotation (passive tilting) and horizontalization of fold limbs. Model results give insights to discuss the mechanisms responsible for the large-scale structures (i.e. antiformal nappe stacks, klippen and kilometre-scale recumbent fold-nappes) encountered in several mountain belts such as the Montagne Noire (French Massif Central), the Galicia Variscan belt (Spain) and the northern Apennines (Italy).
ISSN: 0016-7649

hal-00937644
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00937644
DOI : 10.1144/jgs2013-012

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Geophysical Union
Résumé : International audience
The Iberian Massif is the best exposed segment of the European Variscan Belt. It includes relatively well preserved terranes that were accreted by transpression along time and resulted in a number of geotectonic units that formed part of the Late Paleozoic assembly of the Pangaea Supercontinent. In SW Iberia, these units are the Central Iberian Zone (CIZ), Ossa Morena Zone (OMZ), and the South Portuguese Zone (SPZ). A 210 km long NE-SW magnetotelluric profile was carried out through the CIZ, from the OMZ-CIZ boundary toward the north, reaching the Tagus (Cenozoic) basin. Data dimensionality analysis resulted in a suitable 2-D electrical resistivity structure, allowing a 2-D inversion of the data set. Complementary available geophysical data (deep seismic, gravity and aeromagnetic) and a comparison with a detailed geological cross section led us to constrain the interpretation of the 2-D electrical resistivity structure of the CIZ crust. The results show, for the upper crust, the existence of diverse conductive/resistive bodies that correlate well with known geological features (sedimentary basins, faults, granitic plutons, mineralized systems). A mild but steady conductive band is located along the middle and lower crust that is interpreted as a mafic granulite basement. The upper section of this band connects with several elongated shallow conductors, providing further evidence for the existence, in the Central Iberian Zone, of a complex decollement system where the major faults are rooted. Such a crustal architecture is viewed as the northward continuation of the Variscan large-scale structures previously recognized in the southern sectors (OMZ and SPZ).
ISSN: 0148-0227

hal-00671036
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00671036
DOI : 10.1029/2010JB007538

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Avec son ouverture sur le marché mondial, la ville d’Alger, ou El-Djezaïr, (capitale de l’Algérie), est devenue une destination importante pour le tourisme d’affaires. Par ailleurs, sa côte, riche en plages et en stations balnéaires, reste très convoitée par un tourisme, souvent, massif et destructeur de l’identité de son environnement. D’où l’intérêt de penser à une stratégie de développement touristique visant la protection de son littoral. L’objectif de la présente contribution est la requalification du tourisme littoral à Alger par la réinterprétation de la forme de plaisance et d’agrément qui y a existé avant 1830. Il vise, également, la mise en valeur de son patrimoine territorial : fontaine, résidences d’été, et ainsi que les chemins naturels qui ont, depuis les temps les plus reculés, relié le port de la ville à son arrière-pays.En effet, avant 1830, El-Djezaïr était dotée d’un « Fahs » : un territoire très célèbre par ses « djenanes » (une sorte de résidences d’été faisant face à la mer et dotées de fabuleux jardins). Les « djenanes », souvent, destinés à être des musées déserts, peuvent constituer un potentiel singulier pour la requalification du tourisme littoral d’Alger. L’une des alternatives possibles serait leur reconversion en structures d’accueil pour le tourisme d’affaires, culturel et d’agrément... La contribution présente le cas de la « la villa du traité », un lieu commémoratif de la capitulation de la ville d’Alger en 1830, classée monument historique en 2003. Dans le cadre de l’opération de restauration et de mise en valeur achevée en janvier 2014, la villa et son jardin, situés dans l’enceinte d’une annexe au centre hospitalier de Birtraria (Alger), ont été proposés pour abriter un centre d’éthique et un lieu de manifestations scientifiques nationale et internationale en médecine.
With its opening on the world market, the city of Algiers, or El-Djezaïr, (capital of Algeria) has become an attractive destination for business tourism. Although, its coast, rich in beaches and seaside resorts, often undergoes a massive tourism that endangers its environment identity. Hence, it would be of first interest to set-up a touristic development strategy aiming the littoral safeguard. The main scope of this paper is the littoral tourism requalification in Algiers by reinterpreting the leisure and recreation facilities that existed there before 1830. Moreover, it focus on the valuation of its territorial heritage: fountains, summer residences, and mostly the natural paths that used to connect the city port to the hinterland since the earliest times.Indeed, before 1830, El-Djezaïr had its "Fahs”, a territory famous by its "djenanes": a kind of summer residences within fabulous gardens facing the sea. Often seemed like deserted museums, the "djenanes" could constitute a key opportunity coastal tourism requalification. One of the alternatives would be their reconversion into touristic structures for scientific, business, leisure and recreational tourism. The paper presents the case of “La Villa du Traité”, a commemorative place related to the capitulation of the city of Algiers in 1830. The place is proposed to become a center of ethics where national and international scientific events in Medicine could be held.
Alger

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.10829
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/10829

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Science Bv
Résumé : Although Ni isotopes have been shown to be significantly fractionated in terrestrial samples, their use in continental environmental studies has not yet been evaluated. The present study focuses on an ultramafic (UM) massif (Barro Alto, Goias, Brazil) because such areas are naturally rich in Ni. We present developed lateritic weathering profiles. The goal of the study is to evaluate the potential of using Ni isotopes in environmental continental studies by combining its isotopic signature with mineralogy, in order to better understand the geochemical cycling of Ni in UM settings during weathering. As such, Ni isotope values were measured in samples from the Barro Alto UM complex in the main stages of the lateritic weathering profile of UM rocks, including bedrock, ores (saprolitic and lateritic samples) and soil. The mineralogical composition of the samples, with a focus on the different Ni-bearing minerals, was also determined to decipher the potential links between isotopic fractionation and weathering dynamics. Isotopic signatures (δ60Ni) from the natural Ni geochemical cycle include: bedrock samples (δ60Ni = 0.28 ± 0.08‰), ore samples (saprolitic and lateritic, δ60Ni from -0.60 to 0.30‰) and soil samples (δ60Ni from -0.19 to -0.02‰). An overall trend of heavier isotope depletion was observed in the solid phase during weathering (Δ60NiSoil-Bedrock = -0.47‰). The mineralogical results were consistent with the literature and showed that the mineralogy of the lateritic part and soil was dominated by Fe-oxides, whereas clay minerals were the primary Ni phase scavengers in the saprolitic part of the profile. Thus, the formation of Ni-bearing clay minerals and Fe-oxides appeared to lead to depletion in heavier isotopes, which indicates preferential export of heavy isotopes in the dissolved phase. This result is consistent with isotopic signatures measured in the exchangeable pool of the solid phase (Δ60Niexch-total up to 0.47‰), and Ni isotopes appear to be a promising tracer to better understand the biogeochemical Ni cycling on the Earth’s surface.
Chemical Geology (0009-2541) (Elsevier Science Bv), 2015-05 , Vol. 402 , P. 68-76

Droits : 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00254/36553/35098.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.02.039
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00254/36553/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
In the Oman ophiolite, the horizon where the melt lens pinched during drifting away from the ocean ridge axis has been identified. Starting in the Root Zone of the Sheeted Dike Complex (RZSDC) located above this horizon, 18 Sections down to the upper gabbros unit have been mapped in great detail, in selected areas of the southern massifs of this ophiolite. They are complemented by 133 sites, located throughout the entire ophiolite, where the transition from the RZSDC to the uppermost foliated gabbros is well exposed. Altogether, half the sites and 11 cross sections display, within a few tens of meters beneath the RZSDC, a magmatic foliation which is parallel to the overlying sheeted dikes. In the other sites and cross sections, the gabbro foliation is either flat-lying or steep but not parallel to the sheeted dikes. Compared to the RZSDC isotropic ophitic gabbros where clinopyroxene is interstitial between plagioclase laths, in the topmost steeply foliated gabbros, clinopyroxene is idiomorphic, becoming rapidly granular and tabular down section by recrystallization and peripheral alteration to hornblende. Moving down from these uppermost gabbros and over one hundred meters, the steep foliation becomes stronger and the poorly recovered top gabbros grade into the recrystallized, granular gabbros of the gabbro unit. These repeated observations indicate to ascribe these gabbros to subsidence of a compacting mush from the floor of the melt lens into the underlying, main magma chamber. The topmost gabbros beneath RZSDC, which were expelled from the melt lens by drifting very soon after settling on the melt lens floor, display in plagioclase a spectacular zoning pointing to a fast cooling. Moving downwards, stronger foliation, increased compaction and recovery-recrystallization are explained by the time spent by the subsiding mush inside the magma chamber increasing by one order of magnitude (similar to 50 to 500 yr) over this vertical distance. This field-based study brings compelling field evidence supporting the former models of subsidence which were based on the assumption that the mush that settled onto the floor of the melt lens is sucked downwards during drifting of the crust away from the ridge axis.
ISSN: 0012-821X

hal-00420903
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00420903
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.04.012

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Geophysical Union
Résumé : International audience
We investigate upper mantle anisotropy beneath the Pyrenean range along three N-S profiles across the mountain belt. The results of a first profile that operated in 1993 in the central part of the belt have been presented elsewhere. We present the results of two other profiles that ran in 1995-1996 and 1996-1997 in the eastern and western part of the belt, respectively and propose an interpretation of the whole results. Teleseismic shear waves (SKS, SKKS, and PKS) are used to determine splitting parameters: the fast polarization direction φ and the delay time δt. Teleseismic shear wave splitting in the eastern Pyrenees displays homogeneous φ values trending N100°E and δt values in the range 1.1 to 1.5 s. A station located in the southern Massif Central, 100 km north of the range, is characterized by different splitting parameters (φ = N70°E, δt = 0.7 s). In the western part of the belt, anisotropy parameters are similar across the whole belt (φ = N110°E and δt = 1.3 to 1.5 s). Most of the measured delay times, including those obtained in the central part of the range, are above the global average of the SKS splitting (around 1 s). At the belt scale, φ is generally poorly correlated with recent estimations of the absolute plate motion, which predicts a fast direction ranging between N50°E and N80°E. Instead, the orientation of φ (N100°E) is parallel to the trend of the Pyrenean belt but also to Hercynian preexisting structures. This parallelism supports an anisotropy primarily related to frozen or active lithospheric structures. We show that a signature related to the Pyrenean orogeny is likely for the stations located in the internal domains of the belt. By contrast, the anisotropy measured at the stations located on the external parts of the belt could reflect a pre-Pyrenean (Hercynian) deformation. We suggest that a late Hercynian strike-slip deformation is responsible for this frozen upper mantle anisotropy and that the Pyrenean tectonic fabric developped parallel to this preexisting fabric. Finally, no particularly strong splitting is related to the North Pyrenean Fault, commonly believed to represent the plate boundary between Iberia and Eurasia.
ISSN: 2169-9313

hal-01388841
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01388841
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01388841/document
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01388841/file/Barruol_Aniso_Pyr_JGR1998.pdf
DOI : 10.1029/98JB02790

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The late Carboniferous accretionary system of the South Tianshan orogen (North-Western China) underwent complex structural and polymetamorphic evolution. Combined petrological, geochronological and microstructural analysis of (ultra)high-pressure (UHP) metabasites (eclogites and blueschists) enclosed in metapelites show a relict coarse-grained eclogitic fabric S2 surrounded by a dominant fine-grained eclogite and blueschist facies retrograde fabric S2. The S2 fabric is reworked by upright folds F3 that are responsible for a major shortening of the whole accretionary system. For both the eclogite and blueschist, peak and retrograde P–T conditions have been thermodynamically constrained at 25–26 kbar and 425–500 °C and 10–13 kbar and 500−550 °C respectively, suggesting a shared exhumation history. The garnet-whole rock-amphibole isochron in the blueschist yielded Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd ages of 326.0 ± 2.9 Ma and 318.4 ± 3.9 Ma respectively, interpreted to date the prograde to peak metamorphic assemblage. The retrograde path of the eclogite is characterized by heterogeneous omphacite recrystallization into a mylonitic fine-grained matrix and crystallization of blue amphibole. Microstructures in both pristine porphyroclastic and recrystallized fine-grained domains in the eclogite indicate a gradual evolution from constriction-dominated (L>S-type) to flattening-dominated (S>L-type) type of deformation, increase of fabric intensity reflected by gradually growing M-indexes and the development of lattice preferred orientation (LPO) typical for dislocation creep under slightly hydrated conditions. Recrystallization of the matrix in the blueschist is homogeneous, which indicates a matrix dominated channel flow during exhumation. These LPOs evolutions suggest a significant mechanical coupling with the upper plate concomitant with oroclinal bending of the Kazakh orocline. Lock up of Kazakh orocline is responsible for further stress increase resulting in horizontal shortening of South Tianshan accretionary wedge and development of D3 upright folding and steepening of the whole sequence.
ISSN: 1342-937X

hal-01481263
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01481263
DOI : 10.1016/j.gr.2016.07.007

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : Kyanite and zoisite eclogites from the Limousin area in the Variscan French Massif Central (FMC) have been formed by deep subduction to 100 km depth at peak pressure-temperature conditions around 660 degrees C and 2.9 GPa. They belong to a thin tectonic unit comprising ophiolitic bodies devoid of HP-UHP markers and forming a transported suture zone now separating the two main lithotectonic units of the FMC with contrasted tectono-metamorphic features (namely the lower and upper allochthons). Composition of kyanite-eclogites is similar to supra-subduction-zone basalts found in back-arc basins or island arcs (LREE depleted, negative Nb-Ta anomalies, epsilon Nd: +6 to + 9). Zoisite eclogites have the major-element fingerprint of ultrabasic iron-rich plagioclase cumulates common in continental intrusions or forming Fe-Ti oceanic gabbros. The distribution of immobile trace-elements is however more comparable to alkaline Si-undersaturated rocks, but the Sr-Nd isotopic composition (Sr-87/Sr-86: 0.706; epsilon Nd: -3 to -5) suggests the intervention of an old radiogenic crustal component during their petrogenesis. The chemical composition of hydrous zoisite eclogites does not correspond closely to a common magmatic precursor. It is thus suggested that, by analogy with well exposed worldwide HP-UHP terranes, at least a part of the trace-element signature and the isotopic compositions are controlled by channelled fluid-rock interaction at UHP conditions, leading to localised segregation of zoisite that hosts nearly all Sr and LREE budgets of the bulk eclogite. Sr-Nd isotopic composition of these samples is thus controlled by zoisite and probably represents the isotopic composition of the fluid phase present during UHP recrystallisation. Zircons extracted from a zoisite eclogite were dated in-situ by LA-ICP-MS. Crystallisation of the magmatic precursor is bracketed between 489 and 475 Ma and the UHP event is dated at 412 +/- 10 Ma, in agreement with published ages for the Eo-Variscan HP stage in the FMC. A late resetting of the U-Pb isotopic system at 382 +/- 7 Ma is related to an anatectic high pressure-medium pressure event, well known in the Limousin area. The oceanic eclogites dated in this study are tentatively linked to the Galicia-South Brittany Lower Paleozoic Ocean; they show evidence of the existence of an intra-oceanic subduction zone at the Lower Ordovician and of partial closure of this oceanic domain by ocean-continent subduction during Early Devonian.
ISSN: 0024-4937

hal-00512835
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00512835
DOI : 10.1016/j.lithos.2010.05.013

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Institute of Physics
Résumé : International audience
In order to be able to provide valuable data in multiparameter measurement field operations, tiltmeters need to have a noise level better or equal than 10-9 rad for a period range from a few minutes to a few years and a long term stability ranging from 10-7 to 10-8 rad/yr. Tiltmeter measurements should also be as much as possible insensitive to thermal disturbances, by taking great care of the horizontality of the base line tube first. Secondly, thermal responses have been assessed. We also took great care of the coupling of our tiltmeters with the bedrock. We've designed a long base tiltmeter with sensors in silica which has a low dilatation coefficient. The linear variable displacement transducer is based on coil coupling (powered by an alternative voltage). Finally we show the results of two 100 m silica water tube tiltmeters which were installed in a mine in the French Vosges massif in the framework of a hydrology research project. These instruments show a remarkably good stability (6.5×10-9 rad/month) and a low noise level (of the order of 10-11 rad). Toroidal and spheroidal free modes of the Earth were observed after the two last major earthquakes on Sumatra.
ISSN: 0034-6748

hal-00708013
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00708013
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00708013/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00708013/file/2008_RSI.pdf
BIBCODE : 2008RScI...79c4502B