Résumé : From the PNCR, GAP MPs free to vote conscience on gay rights bill By Johann Earle Stabroek News June 11, 2003 The PNCR will allow its members to vote their conscience on the controversial Constitution (Amendment) Act of 2001 which seeks to prevent discrimination against persons on the basis of their sexual orientation and other grounds. A number of religious organisations are opposed to the passage of the bill because it includes sexual orientation as one of the grounds. They are concerned that it could lead to a legalisation of homosexual relations and demands for recognition of gay marriages among other things. PNCR Member of Parliament (MP) Vincent Alexander told a forum at the National Library on Saturday, that the Bill did not seek to legalise homosexuality, but to ensure that persons would not be discriminated against based on their sexual preferences. He was one of two parliamentarians who showed up - the other being PNCR member, Myrna Peterkin. The forum was organised by Students Against Sexual Orientation Discrimination (SASOD), a group comprising fifteen students from the University of Guyana which was formed about two weeks ago. Alexander expects the vote on the bill to come up before the National Assembly in a matter of months. Paul Hardy, Leader of the Guyana Action Party (GAP), told Stabroek News that his party would not be using the so-called parliamentary whip. He added that GAP took a decision that every member should vote according to his or her own conscience. “We have no right to deny the rights of others based on sexual orientation. [The Bill] will guarantee rights to the homosexual.” GAP is in Parliament as part of an alliance with the Working People’s Alliance. GAP/WPA has two MPs. The bill was met with rejection from some members of the religious community in 2001 and as a result of this, the President did not assent to it. In a statement on Monday, the Central Islamic Organisa-tion of Guyana (CIOG) said that it stood in firm opposition to the Bill. The CIOG says the general purpose of the bill may be commendable and that the organisation’s objection is not based on a willingness to promote discrimination. Rather, the CIOG said, it was based on the fact that specific legal protection on the basis of sexual orientation without definition or qualification gives tacit legitimacy to practices which are considered criminal in Islam. “It is foreseeable that such a legal nod of approval (subtle as it may be) of these practices may pave the way for greater social (or even legal) acceptability in the future which, from the perspective of all Muslims including those in Guyana, is an undesirable and sinful outcome,” the CIOG statement said. At Saturday’s event, Muslim teacher Moulana Mohamed Ali Zenjibari spoke of instances of abuse, discrimination and harsh penalties meted out to gay and lesbian persons in countries such as Iran and Saudi Arabia and noted that the Quran did not sanction such punishments for homosexual behaviour. President of the CIOG, Fazeel Ferouz told Stabroek News that a meeting to discuss a strategy with regards to the bill was planned for tomorrow with various religious groups. Stabroek News tried to get a comment on the issue from the PPP/C but to no avail. ROAR leader, Ravi Dev said that his party was now having discussions on the issue. ROAR feels that it is an important question which has to do with morality and should be discussed across the country. He added legislators had to be in tune with their constituents on the issue. SASOD is lobbying for the legislation through the sensitisation of MPs. Keimo Benjamin, a law student at UG, gave a presentation based on the jurisprudential aspects of the discussion on sexual orientation. He argued that morality should not be the only guiding principle on which to base the laws. Sexual activities between two consenting male adults in private could not be equated with a violation of a person’s rights, he said, making the point that the thrust of his presentation was not whether homosexuality was wrong, but whether it violated the rights of others. He said that the attitudes of some towards this subject were based on preconceived notions and prejudices. He cited studies to show that the suppression of certain perceived deviant sexual impulses in persons might do more harm than good. One Harvard University study of teens who said they were gay indicated that those teens were three times more likely to commit suicide. Vidyaratha Kissoon, of Help and Shelter, in his contribution on Saturday, expressed his displeasure at the low turnout at the forum and urged the parliamentarians who showed up to take the message to their colleagues. He noted that because of homophobia, the numerical minority was terrified of speaking out against instances of discrimination. Gays and lesbians in Guyana were subjected to ridicule and abuse, and walk the streets at night not looking for sex necessarily, but for the companionship of persons who empathise with them. During his presentation, Joel Simpson, another member of SASOD, outlined a number of changes made within national jurisdictions that had international implications. One such crucial change was South Africa’s 1996 adoption of a new constitution, making that country the first in the world to expressly include sexual orientation as a prohibited ground of discrimination. It was the first time a developing country had taken the lead with respect to the rights of sexual minorities. He also said that according to Douglas Sanders, a Canadian jurist, the rights of homosexual, bisexual or transsexual men and women had never been officially recognised by the United Nations, despite the fact that international laws on the issue began to emerge at the close of the Second World War. Simpson said that under Article 170 (5), as amended by Section 8 of the Constitution (Amendment) (No. 4) Act 2000, the President is required to assent to any bill which is returned by the National Assembly unaltered after a two-thirds majority within 90 days of its presentation to him. To the parliamentarians present, Simpson stressed that the onus was now on them to adequately represent their constituents which include lesbian, gay, bisexual and transsexual Guyanese. http://www.landofsixpeoples.com/news301/ns306115.htm and Vote on sexual orientation should be a matter of conscience - MP Alexander By Esther Elijah Guyana Chronicle June 8, 2003 PEOPLE’S National Congress (PNC/R) Member of Parliament Mr. Vincent Alexander, said the Opposition will vote on “conscience” when the piece of legislation on sexual orientation is again brought before the National Assembly. “With specific reference to my party, when this Bill gets back to the Parliament in the spirit of the arguments here, we will not use the `whip’. Our party will not say we have to vote for the provision (in the Sexual Orientation Bill). We will allow our members to vote as a matter of conscience,” he told participants gathered in the Conference Room of the National Library. “We feel this is a matter of conscience. You may end up with a collective position but you have to deal with us individually,” Alexander said at a poorly attended public consultation aimed at gaining support for sexual orientation to be considered a fundamental right in Guyana. Alexander, one of the main persons who sat on the Constitutional Reform Commission that addressed this controversial clause, said the legislation was not meant to legalise homosexual activities in Guyana. “It was intended to ensure that persons who have an orientation - a way of thinking - which may or may not lead to a certain activity, to not be discriminated against, in terms of their rights,” he explained. Alexander noted that very often, discussions on the sexual orientation provision in the Bill have led to seepages into other areas where debates centre on the “right to be homosexual.” “I am saying the Bill does not comment on that… However, law is peculiar, especially in a Common Law system. Once you venture out and change the law, very often you open other windows which we cannot definitively say exist or does not exist in advance,” he said. “The fear of some people is that the legislators might say one thing and the Courts will eventually say something else. While some people can’t argue against the law, per say, they will say this has opened a window of opportunity not meant to be opened. So, it is better to stay without a window than open it and then have a possibility of something you didn’t intend to happen - happening sometime in the future.” Alexander added: “I want to say I’ve found this activity to have been rich from the perspective of the amount of research which was done by student (speakers). Without any comment as to whether I agree with the arguments, I would wish that much more research on other issues be done by students, and that at the University (of Guyana) students would find it convenient to have forums on other issues, with the same depth of research for their own intellectual development.” Alexander and other Opposition M.P, Lurlene Nestor were the only three Parliamentarians in attendance at the session organised by the recently formed `Students Against Sexual Orientation Discrimination’ (SASOD), a group that has a membership of 15 mostly University of Guyana (UG) students from various faculties. SASOD was established two weeks ago. With the exception of members of the press, the consultation only managed to attract 11 persons, a handful of who were SASOD members. While congratulating the students for an “insightful” presentation, Nestor pointed out that whether or not she chooses to agree with their position is “another issue” and she is entitled to her “own view”. “The issue of sexual orientation is very `toucheous’ …while we agree with the human rights provisions and all that as a society, we must also revert to our own society. Some of the very critical questions that I would want to ask is whether or not at the society (level) we are ready for that kind of thing,” she remarked. “We cannot, at (any) time, ignore the religious groups in our society. If we look at statistics going back to 1992 from a survey done by the Bureau of Statistics, we would see that a small section of the Guyanese population might be considered as people who do not subscribe to a religious view. While the laws are not necessarily based on moral values, we must acknowledge the fact that we might want to revert to many of the cases that (concern) laws that protect public morality.” Nestor told the speakers at the consultation these were some of the issues that they needed to deal with. She highlighted, too, that what must be examined is the effects of same-sex marriages on society and how this issue must be tackled. “These are some of the things we should consider and I don’t think you dealt with that in the presentations,” Nestor stated, adding that the issues must be addressed “frontally.” “Do we think that with the coming to being of this Bill that there might be quite a number of challenges to the Constitution in relation to the same issue of a man marrying a man? What do we do at the society (level)? Do we recognise that?” were the questions directed at the five speakers at the session. Nestor continued: “There is some argument that says, `Oh the Bill does not promote homosexuality or does not encourage a man to marry (another) man, but if you look at Section (15) that talks about `non-discrimination’ then how can we not, with the passage of this Bill, allow a man not to marry (another) man.” According to Nestor, matters of this nature constitute some of the “inconsistencies” of the Bill. On the argument raised by presenters at the session on who determines what is morality, Nestor said in the concept of democracy it is the people who are the determinants based on a “line of thinking.” She also rebutted on grounds that put the spotlight on teachers who may have been caught “interfering” with their young students and who may subsequently be dismissed from their jobs. “Could you imagine such a person interfering with a boy below age 10 - and by virtue of the fact that the Bill is there, the judges (in the case) will have to use their discretion in terms of what happens. We will have more Constitutional changes and problems (arising with the passage of the Bill).” SASOD member and law student, Joel Simpson, in reply, said he doesn’t think any homosexual in Guyana wants to “run into a church and ask that people marry them or anything of that sort.” At one point likening the church to a “club”, Simpson claimed the church has the right to exclude whomever it wants. He further stated that in accordance with the Constitution, people of the same sex do not currently have the right to marry, and will also not be able to do such an act with the passage of the Bill. However, Simpson said it is possible that the law, with the passage of the Bill, would have to recognise same-sex domestic partnerships in relation to employment benefits, sharing of properties, etc. Simpson said he believes there should be a realm of “public” and “private” morality between consenting adults, and implied that the Bill did not fully give “rights” to homosexuals. But, Nestor interjected: “I am informing you further…that the Sexual Orientation provision has, in fact, in some way recognised the rights of homosexuals and we must accept that.” Meanwhile, there was no vocal Christian representative(s) at the consultation and apart from the two Opposition representatives none other participant gave comments or directed questions at the presenters. Other speakers in support of the sexual orientation clause were: Moulana Mohammed Ali Zenjiban, Assistant Director of the International Islamic College; Denuka Radzik from Red Thread, Keimo Benjamin, UG law student and Vidyartha Kissoon from Help & Shelter. The Sunday Chronicle has been reliably informed that the Georgetown Ministers Fellowship, representing groups of Christian leaders staunchly against sexual orientation as a right in Guyana, have recently prepared a detailed 16-page document outlining issues arising from research to further boost their argument against the inclusion of the clause. The document is yet to be made public. http://www.landofsixpeoples.com/news301/nc306083.htm

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http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00014700/00001

Résumé : (Donation) This report was donated by Gaiutra Bahadur who came across it in when doing research for her soon to be published book "Coolie Woman" "Coolie Woman" is scheduled to be published in 2012 by The University of Chicago Press in the US and Hurst & Co. in the UK. An excerpt from the book first appeared in the Spring 2011 issue of the U.S. literary magazine The Virginia Quarterly Review (http://www.vqronline.org/articles/2011/spring/bahadur-coolie/) and was then reprinted in India in the Sept. 2011 issue of The Caravan magazine. The whole excerpt is up at the Caravan's Web site: http://www.caravanmagazine.in/Story/1058/Her-Middle-Passage.html
(Internal Comments) Notes from the Report Arrived October 31, 1898 Dr. Arthur Harrison, SS G.H. Rock, Captain 673 landed 436 men // 438 embarked 191 women // 192 embarked 19 boys 19 girls 8 infants 9 births 4 deaths, one a baby born on board 54 marriages 37 served before in BG, 21 in other colonies * measles epidemic early in voyage until they crossed the Equator, 38 days in, almost daily there were heavy squalls with rain; misery of seasickness, vessel pitching and rolling heavily * got to sea July 14 - the very worst month of the whole year, having to face the full force of the southwest monsoon, Sujaria's would have been the same timing the coal of inferior quality and ran short, meaning water and cooked meals less for immigrants surgeon's journal: july 28: no 167 baijooporai, m, 20, was reported missing at 3 p.m. [cause of death in death list "lost over board" no. 178 lachman states that on 25th instant at sunset baijoo was in his berth suffering from seasickness; later on he saw him take his blanket, get up and go away... lachman states baijoo was a very quiet well-behaved man, shewing no signs of mental aberration, but was very seasick. no further information could be obtained regarding his disappearance. from the emigrants or crew. ... september 25: "No 696, Nobibux, m., 20 years, and No 351 Mohangu, m, 22 years, were caught about midnight by a sirdar named Rambocus committing sodomy. When brought up before the Captain and myself they both confessed their guilt. Nobibux stated that for the last ten years he had allowed men to commit acts of beastliness: he had no doubt induced Mohangu to do this criminal act. Nobibux was put in irons and Mohangu, after blistering his penis, was made to holystone [scrub the decks] from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. daily." [latitude 35.17 s. and longitude 22.10 e.] [nobibux handcuffed every night from sept 25 to landing on oct 31, as was a man who had jumped overboard and was rescued] criminal charges brought against two immigrants; in CO marginalia, discussion over the legality of the punishment and doubt expressed over whether there was any sodomy committed at all; indication there wasn't enough proof to prosecute: "the men should have been put in confinement and tried in British Guiana for an offense committed on the high seas on board a British vessel..."; fine the surgeon but should he be barred from re-employment? inspector general of police investigated; attorney general decided not to prosecute; IAG criticizes SS for punishing the two without fully and carefully enquiring into the case. violated Rule 165 relating to colonial emigration, which strictly prohibits harsh treatment of the people The contract with the surgeon superintendant enclosed shows that each was granted a pint of wine per day and stout. This surgeon was given 20 shillings per immigrant landed alive. for immigrants classified as invalids on embarking, if they died during voyage, he received a pro-rated amount, based on how long they lived; wife not allowed to go along. Arthur Harrison, SS, states on November 4, 1898: [on 25th Sept, when near the Cape of Good Hope, his compounder Abdul Wahed reported to him at 8 a.m. that he heard two men had committed sodomy during the night. he told the compounder to take the men to the hospital, where he would question them.] [witness, the sirdar Rambuccus, brought in with the two men. questioned in front of them, he said that he was on watch in between decks at midnight and "saw something unusual between these two men, they being under one blanket; he pulled off the blanket and saw them committing sodomy." he called the head sirdar at once. the prisoners denied it to the head sirdar but then later confessed. they were left in the charge of the hear sirdar for the rest of the night. captain also present at inquiry. while Rambuccus was giving this testimony, neither prisoner said anything.] [the head sirdar Salikram is then questioned. confirms being called as above. says he separated the men and "asked them why they were doing this wrong thing, that they at first denied it and afterwards they confessed they did it for pleasure."] [when questioned by SS, men at once confessed. Nabibux: "I have done it." Mohungu said same, "as far as I can remember. I cannot remember the words they used in confessing." Nabibux placed in irons fastened to a stanchion in the hospital. Mohangu placed in hospital and ordered to holystone from 6 a.m to 6 p.m. "I blistered the penis of Mohungu. I did so as a punishment as I thought he deserved it." did this right after enquiry concluded. the captain knew Harrison did this. "Mohungu was the man who committed the act on Nabibuccus. I blistered him as a preventitive, as he might have attempted the act again. I have known cases where the penis has been blistered as a preventitive treatment, in case of masturbation with boys."] [says he didn't see it as a crime committed against the laws of England, but "as a matter of discipline on board ship"; didn't examine their private parts for evidence] "Since this all occurred, it has come to my knowlegde that the head sirdar had threatend the two men to make them confess. Since I heard this, I have questioned them. Both denied the act and said Salikram had threatened to make them confess. My compounder's name is Abdul Wahed. I have heard from him since that the man Rambuccus who caught them had a spite against one of the men, owing to something that had occurred in the country Depot in India." ABDUL WAHED, THE CHIEF COMPOUNDER, STATES: [the inquiry occurred at about 8:30 p.m. on the 25th Sept.] "I heard Mohungu say he had put his penis in Nabibux' anus, and some days afterwards both men said to me that Rambux and Salikram had threatened to beat them throughout the voyage if they did not confess to having committed the sodomy." "Nabibux told me that he and Rambux had had a row in the Fizabad depot and he told me that Rambux had a spite against him." [the prisoners were under his charge in the hospital] [doesn't know what the depot quarrel was about. didn't ask. never noticed any ill feeling between Rambux and any of the men before this happened. never noticed Mohangu and Nabibux to be much in each other's company] RAMBUCCUS [an Ahir. says he knew Nabibuccus for a month in the Fyzabad depot, where he was a sirdar] "The men were under a platform sleeping. There were other coolies sleeping there too. The men were sleeping in their usual place... I noticed two men under one blanket. I have orders not to allow this, so I hauled the blanket off. Mohangu was on top of Nabibux who was lying on his back. Mahangu was lying on his stomach. I asked them what they were doing. They gave no reply. Mahangu came off. I did not see his private parts. His baba was loose. I did not notice the state of Nabibux' baba. He had it on, but I don't know whether the crupper of the baba was undone or not. I did not see his private parts. I did not see his anus. I did not see Mahungu's penis in Nabibux' anus, but from their position I suspected that they were committing sodomy... These two men always slept together during the voyage." SALIKRAM "They said Rambux hauled the blanket and shook them up while they were asleep. Rambuccus said they were committing sodomy but I don't think they were. They appeared to me just as if they had just been awakened. Their eyes seemed heavy with sleep." "I never knew either of these men before I met them onboard. Myself and Rambuccus do not agree. I never noticed Rambuccus and either of the two men have any quarrel. I never noticed Nabibux and Monungu keeping much company. I don't know whether these men were in the habit of sleeping alongside of one another. I never threatened these men to make them confess. I never heard the men confess they had done it. They did not confess before me." IN THE END: 50 pounds deducted from Harrison's gratuity for inflicting corporal punishment

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Résumé : The slides were taken on collecting trips sponsored by the William L. Bryant Foundation, where books, music and art indigenous to the regions were gathered. The are organized by geographical location.
The following marine turtles have been recorded in the Bahamas: Green Turtle, Hawksbill Turtle, Loggerhead Turtle, Leatherback Turtle, Olive Ridley Turtle, and Kemp’s Ridley Turtle. The Green Turtle is listed (2013) on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened species as endangered. All marine turtles are now fully protected under Bahamian law, including the Green Turtle. Green Turtle meat and cartilage were used to make turtle soup which was once a delicacy in the Bahamian Out Islands. This image features two men, one carrying the body of a Green Turtle, walking on path from the dock near Man of War Cay, Abaco, Bahamas. On the dock is also a pile of ropes and propane tanks. Slide labeled Delivery of Green Turtle Man of War April '65.
Bahamas -- North America -- Man of War Cay, Abaco

Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@mail.ucf.edu
CFM1972_01a
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Résumé : The slides were taken on collecting trips sponsored by the William L. Bryant Foundation, where books, music and art indigenous to the regions were gathered. The are organized by geographical location.
The following marine turtles have been recorded in the Bahamas: Green Turtle, Hawksbill Turtle, Loggerhead Turtle, Leatherback Turtle, Olive Ridley Turtle, and Kemp’s Ridley Turtle. The Green Turtle is listed (2013) on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened species as endangered. All marine turtles are now fully protected under Bahamian law, including the Green Turtle. Green Turtle meat and cartilage were used to make turtle soup which was once a delicacy in the Bahamian Out Islands. This image features the bodies of four Green Turtles in a boat near Man of War Cay, Abaco, Bahamas. Slide labeled Turtles for Delivery on Man of Way Cay April '65.
Bahamas -- North America -- Man of War Cay, Abaco

Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@mail.ucf.edu
CFM1972_01a
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Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : Since the beginning of 1980, the Martinique fishermen have suffered a deep crisis. The traditional ways of fishing, based on benthic fish exploitation, have seen the decreasing of their profitability due to the over-fishing of the narrow continental shelf offering few resources. The pelagic fishery had become the professional main source of income. This fishery equally encounter difficulties: denied rights of access in the EEZ of Caribbean islands, expensive costs of exploitation. The disposal of FADs offers new ways to the Martinique fishermen. In 1999, it was decided the disposal of a onetworko of 30 permanent FADs around Martinique. The mooring of these FADs must be followed by legal and economic adapted measures to reach the desired aim: the development of local fishery economy through a sustainable fishing practice. Therefore, the French authorities have decided to make the regional fishermen committee responsible for the management of FADs.This committee is the only one to be entitled to moor and to deliver licences to FADs. This committee, gathering all the fishing industry representatives, has regarding the french law the right of mooring and delivering licences to the FADs access, collecting fishery statistics. These data should fund research to improve the management of the fishery, care and replace FADs. This programas realisation, as well as durability, need adequate financial planning. It has been included in the European commission financing program. This plans success will ensure the increase of the fishermen income, maintain and develop employment.Original Abstract: Apres une periode d'experimentation lancee localement au debut des annees quatre-vingt, les premiers resultats ont ete suffisamment probants pour conduire les professionnels a souhaiter l'implantation de dispositifs de concentration de poissons (dcp) en Martinique ou a les implanter eux-memes pour la capture des dorades coryphenes, des thons noirs, de l'albacore ou du listao. Le colloque international sur la peche thoniere et les dispositifs de concentration de poissons organise du 15 au 19 octobre 1999 en Martinique donne l'occasion de revenir sur le contexte, l'interet et les modalites de developpement de la technique des dcp en Martinique.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15305/12639.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15305/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Geophysical Union
Résumé : International audience
Detection and attribution of human influence on sea level rise are important topics that have not yet been explored in depth. We question whether the sea level changes (SLC) over the past century were natural in origin. SLC exhibit power law long-term correlations. By estimating Hurst exponent through Detrended Fluctuation Analysis and by applying statistics of Lennartz and Bunde [2009], we search the lower bounds of statistically significant external sea level trends in longest tidal records worldwide. We provide statistical evidences that the observed SLC, at global and regional scales, is beyond its natural internal variability. The minimum anthropogenic sea level trend (MASLT) contributes to the observed sea level rise more than 50% in New York, Baltimore, San Diego, Marseille, and Mumbai. A MASLT is about 1 mm/yr in global sea level reconstructions that is more than half of the total observed sea level trend during the XXth century.
ISSN: 0094-8276

hal-01336190
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01336190
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01336190/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01336190/file/BECKER2014a.pdf
DOI : 10.1002/2014GL061027

Éditeur(s) : Diana Paton Diana Paton ( United Kingdom )
Résumé : From: http://obeahhistories.org/project/ The website is part of the project ‘Spiritual Politics in Caribbean History’, led by Diana Paton and funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council, which ran from January 2012 to January 2013. Diana Paton is Reader in Caribbean History at the School of History, Classics and Archaeology at Newcastle University. She is the author of No Bond but the Law: Punishment, Race, and Gender in Jamaican State Formation, 1780-1870 (Durham: Duke University Press, 2004), and co-editor, with Pamela Scully, of Gender and Slave Emancipation in the Atlantic World (Durham: Duke University Press 2005). For her publications on obeah and Caribbean religion, please see the publications page. Gemma Romain specialises in researching Caribbean and Black British history. She currently works as a Research Associate for The Equiano Centre, Department of Geography, UCL and also undertakes freelance historical research and public engagement. She was Vera Douie Fellow at the Women’s Library during 2011, documenting interwar Black histories within the collections of the Women’s Library and was previously Leverhulme Early Career fellowship at Newcastle University. Her publications include Connecting Histories: A Comparative Exploration of African-Caribbean and Jewish History and Memory in Modern Britain (Kegan Paul, 2006) and co-edited with David Cesarani, Jews and Ports Cities, 1590-1990: Commerce, Community and Cosmopolitanism (Vallentine Mitchell, 2006). Gemma wrote the initial drafts of most of the text on the website. Maarit Forde worked with Diana on an earlier phase of this project, funded by the Leverhulme Trust. She researched obeah prosecutions and prosecutions under the Shouters Prohibition Ordinance in the Port of Spain Gazette, co-organized the conference that led to the publication of Obeah and Other Powers, and co-edited the book. Previous research on this project has also been funded by Newcastle University and the British Academy.

Droits : Applicable rights reserved.
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00013897/00001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The complex electrical impedance of a garnet-biotite-sillimanite residual enclave in the Neogene dacite of El Hoyazo (SE Spain) has been determined up to 978 °C at 200-300 MPa. This well studied material represents a direct sampling of the Alborán Domain thinned lower crust undergoing partial melting. The paragenesis is garnet + biotite + sillimanite + plagioclase + graphite ± cordierite coexisting with widespread (~ 10 wt.%) rhyolitic melt occurring as inclusions and interstitial glass and developed during regional anatexis at 850 ± 50 °C and 500-700 MPa. The samples were used in cyclic measurements consisting in heating-cooling ramps at progressively higher maximum temperature to observe the effect of reactions on conductivity. In the first cycle up to 850 °C at 2-3 kbar, re-melting of the interstitial glass is achieved with no additional reactions and logarithmic conductivity (S/m) is up to − 1.5. At T > 950 °C new melt with orthopyroxene + ilmenite is produced from biotite partial breakdown and the logarithmic conductivity (S/m) is up to − 0.7. Application of mixing models as Hashin-Shtrikman bounds or Archie's Law, shows that once interconnected, melt controls the electrical conductivity of the enclave. The electrical conductivity of the rock can be simulated with the electrical conductivity data obtained on the starting Matrix glass of the enclave and with the new melt. Our experimental results obtained on a graphitic metasedimentary material evidence show that graphite does not contribute to the conductivity enhancement and that the electrical anomaly observed below the Betics can be explained as effect of partial melting of a residual crust. Comparison with previous works on mafic granulites shows that similar conductivity values can be achieved both by melting of a residual felsic crust or by melting of mafic materials and suggests that pelitic rocks can be more common at deep levels than expected.
ISSN: 0040-1951

hal-00823063
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00823063
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2012.11.003

Résumé : Chapters in Volume 1: - Law of the sea and international straits - Trends in the French merchant fleet - International shipping - Safety and rescue at sea, the case of yachting - Marine research and economic development - The respective roles played at sea by the state and local authorities - Social trends in populations linked to the sea: commercial seafarers - Future perspectives for marine leisure activities - French ports, outlook for the year 2000 Chapters in Volume 2: - European organisation in terms of seafood - The role of the sea in the development of the DOM/TOM (French overseas départements and territories) - France's international policy and naval and maritime resources - Naval strategies of the major powers - Europe's security in the Mediterranean, the example of the Balkans - Nuclear-weapon-free areas and peace zones at sea - France and geopolitical balances in the South Pacific - The North-west of the Indian Ocean and the world energy supply
Rapports des dix-sept groupes de séminaires de la promotion "Liberté, égalité, fraternité" de l'Ecole nationale d'administration, février à juillet 1988: Chapitres du Tome1: - Le droit de la mer et les détroits internationaux - L'évolution de la flotte de commerce française - Les transports maritimes internationaux - Sécurité et sauvetage en mer, le cas de la plaisance - Recherche en mer et développement économique - Les rôles respectifs de l'État et des collectivités locales en mer - L'évolution sociale des populations attachées à la mer : les marins de commerce - Les perspectives d'avenir des loisirs de la mer - Les ports français, perspectives pour l'an 2000 Chapitres du Tome2: - Organisation européenne en matière de produit de la mer - Le rôle de la mer dans le développement des DOM/TOM - La politique internationale de la France et les moyens navals et maritimes - Les stratégies navales des grandes puissances - La sécurité de l'Europe en Méditerranée, l'exemple des Balkans - Les zones exemptes d'armes nucléaires et les zones de paix en mer - La France et les équilibres géopolitiques dans le Pacifique Sud - Le Nord-Ouest de l'océan Indien et l'approvisionnement énergétique mondial

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1988/rapport-1027.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1988/sup-1027.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1027/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
This text in legal and sociological scope proposes to focus on the rights of young citizens in the development of norms and urban and environmental projects. For this purpose, the mental capacities due to age of the individual should not be forgotten. This article also attempts to provide some insights on the mechanisms implemented and particularly the added value provided by the use of ICT in the context of democratization.
Ce texte à portée juridico-sociologique propose de se concentrer sur les droits du jeune citoyen en matière d’élaboration des normes et des projets urbains et environnementaux. A cet effet, il convient de ne pas oublier les capacités mentales dues à l’âge de chaque individu. Cet article tente également de fournir quelques éclairages sur les dispositifs mis en oeuvre et plus particulièrement la plus-value apportée par l’utilisation des TIC dans ce contexte de démocratisation.
Les écosystèmes numériques et la démocratisation informationnelle : Intelligence collective, Développement durable, Interculturalité, Transfert de connaissances
Schoelcher, France

hal-01258204
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01258204
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01258204/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01258204/file/Julien%20VIEIRA.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The french Law No. 2013-60 of 22 July 2013 on higher education and research governance encourages the French universities to invest more in the field of digital strategy. The presentation provides an update on the concept of digital blueprints universities and proposes to reflect on theestablishment of an agile design digital transformation as a solution to governance and democratization apparent paradox. Secondly, it will implement an analytical instrument to deduce conclusions.
La loi n°2013-60 du 22 Juillet 2013 relative à l’enseignement supérieur et à la recherche encourage les gouvernances des universités françaises à davantage investir le terrain de la stratégie numérique. La présentation se propose de faire le point sur le concept de schémas directeurs dunumérique des universités et propose de réfléchir sur la mise en place d’une conception agile de la transformation numérique comme solution au paradoxe apparent gouvernance et démocratisation. Dans un deuxième temps, il s’agira de mettre en oeuvre un instrument d’analyse pour en déduire les conclusions.
Les écosystèmes numériques et la démocratisation informationnelle : Intelligence collective, Développement durable, Interculturalité, Transfert de connaissances
Schoelcher, France

hal-01264946
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01264946
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01264946/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01264946/file/Bertrand%20MOCQUET%20%26%20al.pdf

Résumé : De plus en plus, le bruit est considéré comme une véritable pollution. dans le passé, les carrioles, les sabots des chevaux sur les pavés causaient déjà des nuisances aux habitants des villes. dès le xixe siècle, l'évolution de l'industrialisation entraîna une augmentation de la machinerie, qui ne fit qu'augmenter les nuisances sonores. aujourd'hui, le bruit est la cause de nombreuses plaintes. en conséquence, réduire la pollution sonore est devenu une question majeure du fait de ses effets sur la santé humaine. le bruit peut affecter le sommeil, le système cardiovasculaire, le système cérébral, particulièrement le développement cérébral des enfants. il peut causer des déficiences mentales, des problèmes de concentration et des pertes de mémoire. c'est un problème de santé publique. mais le bruit peut aussi entraîner la commission de crimes ou de suicides ! c'est aussi une question d'ordre public.en france, il existe certains dispositifs juridiques de contrôle des émissions sonores et de lutte contre les nuisances, particulièrement depuis la loi « bruit » de 1992. diverses dispositions ont été codifiées dans le code de l'environnement, les classant en fonction des différentes sources de bruit, mais aussi dans d'autres codes, notamment le code de l'urbanisme. il existe une police environnementale du bruit dont le maire et le préfet sont les deux autorités compétentes. tous ces moyens permettent de pallier les problèmes dûs au bruit à court ou à moyen terme.cependant, aujourd'hui, au regard de la préoccupation de développement durable, il convient de penser aux générations futures et de mettre en place des nouveaux moyens de régulation de la pollution sonore, à long terme. le droit de l'urbanisme apparaît comme le moyen privilégié d'atteindre ce but. le bruit pourrait être régulé par une utilisation plus rationnelle des sols… le but de ma recherche est d'analyser quel type de relation existe entre droit du bruit et droit de l'urbanisme et de mettre en évidence vers quelle forme d'urbanisme la société évolue sous l'influence combinée de l'écologie et de la question sonore, notamment à travers les objectifs posés par le grenelle de l'environnement et les lois adoptées en conséquence.
Noise is considered as a real pollution for the quality of life. Law has been requested to respond the multi-form cases of noise pollution. The matter is firstly the concern of environmental law. It is especially treated in a sectorial way. Town planning law also seizes the question, in a diffuse way, as environmental issue, or in a specific way when noise pollutions are directly caused by the use of grounds.However, under the influence of more and more pervasive environmental law, and further to the new legislation resulting from the Grenelle of the environment, town planning law underwent a deep transformation. It has been rewritten on the basis of new environmental objectives and of sustainable development. Town planning law also absorbs many other juridical sectors. Therefore it appears as a global space law and living environment law, allowing to improve the sound context.The perception of noise has changed, as well as its consideration into town planning law. Town planning law can be considered as a favorable measure to develop a more global and unified approach of the very composite legal system against noise pollution.The study of the relationship between noise and town planning highlights new manners to consider noise into space and living environment, differently from the classic approach imposed by environmental law.

http://www.theses.fr/2014AGUY0711/document

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : La mise en œuvre des politiques publiques du patrimoine et, plus largement, de l’environnement, se réalise par des instruments normatifs qui traduisent leur appréhension et leur saisie par le droit. Les différents outils institutionnels, conventionnels, législatifs et réglementaires contribuent dans une large mesure à la protection du patrimoine et de la biodiversité, au même titre que ceux qui se situent dans les domaines politique, économique et social. La protection concerne aussi bien le patrimoine naturel et la biodiversité que le patrimoine culturel et immatériel. La nature et le contenu des dispositifs de protection, qu’elle soit mise en œuvre aux niveaux national, régional ou international, procèdent de paramètres et se réfèrent à des objectifs divers mais convergents, parmi lesquelles les problématiques identitaire et patrimoniale occupent une place souvent déterminante. Elle doit en outre prendre en compte la spécificité des milieux comme des sociétés, et la relation des populations et des communautés à leur patrimoine, aussi bien reçu que construit.
The implementation of heritage public policies and, more widely, environmental policies, are carried out through legal instruments, which reveal the impact of the law on them. These different institutional, legislative and regulatory tools deeply contribute to the protection of heritage and biodiversity, as they do in the political, economical and social fields. The protec-tion they offer concerns as well natural, cultural and intangible heritage. The nature and methods of the protection, at the national, regional or international levels, result from para-meters and refer to different but convergent objectives, among which identity and heritage dimensions often have a decisive place. Moreover this protection must consider the specific environmental and social backgrounds, and the relation of the populations and communities with their heritage, let it have been received or built.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.5374
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/5374

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : The Gold Coast in Australia is one of these coastal places, which developed through taking advantage of its environmental assets, such as direct access to the sea, a white sandy shoreline, an extensive and naturally protected broadwater and several large accessible rivers. While many other coastal cities relied on port facilities to develop commercial and naval activities, the City of Gold Coast emerged and grew as a tourism destination. Largely because of this phenomenon, the pattern of settlement and subsequent development of the city differs from most traditional Australian settlement and development patterns. Today, the Gold Coast is one of the most famous tourist cities in Australia and it accommodates more than ten million visitors annually.In the wider Australian context, 85% of the population lives within 50 km of the beach, evidencing popular lifestyle cultural preferences of many Australians. Given this preoccupation with the coast, one may expect that Australia would be at the forefront of coastal tourism developments and coastal protection. There is, however, no overriding jurisdiction covering planning law enforcement in maritime areas and, this situation has led to many social and environmental conflicts. The City of Gold Coast is a case in point and no more so than currently (2017) with proposals to build a cruise terminal or/and a casino, and high rise residential towers on its protected coastal strip (the Spit).This paper demonstrates how the evolution and resolution of development conflicts on the Spit (Gold Coast) are symptomatic of the evolution of place values and the national coastal management and how, this informs a shift towards coastal protection.
La ville côtière de Gold Coast, en Australie, s’est développée grâce à un environnement naturel exceptionnel, qui comprend un accès direct à la mer, un littoral de sable blanc, une large baie naturellement protégée et plusieurs rivières. Si la plupart des autres villes du littoral australien se sont appuyées sur leur port pour développer leurs activités commerciales et navales, la ville de Gold Coast est, depuis ses débuts, une ville touristique. De ce fait, son mode et ses formes de développement se différencient de ceux que l’on rencontre traditionnellement dans les autres villes. Aujourd’hui la ville de Gold Coast est l’une des principales destinations touristiques australiennes et accueille plus de dix millions de visiteurs par an.En Australie, 85% de la population habite dans un rayon de 50km de la plage, avec les préférences de style de vie qui y sont associées. Vu cette attraction pour le littoral, on pourrait présumer que l’Australie soit à l’avant-garde des développements touristiques et de la protection de son littoral. Cependant, du point de vue national, comme, historiquement, il n’y a eu qu’une faible jurdiction concernant l’aménagement et la protection des zones maritimes et du littoral, de nombreux conflits sociaux et environmentaux ont vu le jour. La ville de Gold Coast concentre malheureusement nombre de ces conflits ; le dernier en date concernant le projet de construction d’un terminal de bateaux de croisière et/ou d’un casino avec quelques tours residentielles sur une langue de terre protégée (le Spit).L’objectif de cet article est de montrer comment l’évolution et la résolution des conflits sur le Spit de Gold Coast, tous liés à des projets de développements touristiques, reflètent non seulement l’évolution de la valeur d’un lieu et l’approche nationale du développement du littoral, mais aussi le changement vers une meilleure protection du littoral.
Australie

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.10496
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/10496

Résumé : L’outre-mer comprend des régions, des pays et des territoires aux statuts divers et au passé hérité en grande partie des grandes puissances européennes, ce qui les a placés dans une communauté d’intérêts avec les Etats auxquels ils sont rattachés mais aussi avec l’Union européenne (UE).Néanmoins, ces régions, pays et territoires n’ont eu cesse de reconstruire entre eux des liens historiques et culturels et de tisser des relations avec l’ensemble de l’outre-mer afin de présenter une cohérence d’ensemble dans leur négociation avec l’Union européenne.Les régions ultrapériphériques appliquent le droit communautaire tandis que les pays et territoires d’outre-mer, situés en dehors du territoire communautaire, connaissent un régime d’association avec l’Union européenne.Le Danemark, l’Espagne, la France, les Pays-Bas, le Portugal et le Royaume-Uni ont procédé aux réformes constitutionnelles autorisant de multiples évolutions statutaires dans le respect du droit à l’autodétermination des populations.Forts d’une évolution statutaire et d’un développement économique et social continu, les régions, pays et territoires d’outre-mer souhaitent maintenant faire valoir leurs droits et défendre leurs intérêts au niveau européen et sur la scène internationale.La globalisation des politiques les incite à se regrouper au sein d’institutions internationales. Le rattachement de ces territoires à des Etats de droit leur a ouvert la voie à des systèmes juridiques bien structurés mais aussi aux valeurs européennes. Leur ultrapériphérité les a placés dans une situation géopolitique qui les a fait accéder aux relations internationales.L’objet de cette thèse est de démontrer l’interdépendance entre ces différents ordres juridiques et l’influence du droit européen et du droit international sur l’évolution statutaire de l’outre-mer vers davantage d’autonomie, mais aussi de responsabilisation et de prise en charge de son développement au moyen d’une implication dans son environnement régional, d’une coopération inter-régionale ou transnationale et d’une participation aux travaux des organisations internationales.
The Overseas regions, countries and territories present various statuses inherited mainly from the major European Powers which placed them in a relationship of a common interest not only with their mother countries but also with the European Union (EU).However, these territories have continuously re-built between them historical and cultural links, and weaved relationship within the entire Overseas to appear as a constituted whole while negotiating with the EU.The outermost regions (OR) apply Community Law while the Overseas Countries and territories (OCT) situated outside the territory of the Community, have Association Arrangements with the EU.Denmark, France, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and United Kingdom have proceeded to necessary constitutional reforms to allow numerous articles amendments in respect of right to self-determination of peoples.At the light of statutory amendments and of a continuous economic and social development, the Outermost regions (OR) and the Overseas Countries and Territories (OCT), now wish to assert their rights and to defend their interests at European and International level.Globalisation of policies encourages OR and OCT to gather within International bodies. The rule of law of the related countries opens them to well-structured legal systems and to European values. The outermost geopolitical localisation makes them to have access to international relations.The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate the interdependence between these different legal systems and the impact of European and International Law on the statutory amendments of the Overseas towards more autonomy, but also liabilities and involvement on their own development by using their regional environment, inter-regional and transnational cooperation and taking part at the works of international organisations.

http://www.theses.fr/2014AGUY0812

Éditeur(s) : Natl Acad Sciences
Résumé : The marine realm represents 70% of the surface of the biosphere and contains a rich variety of organisms, including more than 34 of the 36 living phyla, some of which are only found in the oceans. The number of marine species used by humans is growing at unprecedented rates, including the rapid domestication of marine species for aquaculture and the discovery of natural products and genes of medical and biotechnological interest in marine biota. The rapid growth in the human appropriation of marine genetic resources (MGRs), with over 18,000 natural products and 4,900 patents associated with genes of marine organisms, with the latter growing at 12% per year, demonstrates that the use of MGRs is no longer a vision but a growing source of biotechnological and business opportunities. The diversification of the use of marine living resources by humans calls for an urgent revision of the goals and policies of marine protected areas, to include the protection of MGRs and address emerging issues like biopiracy or benefit sharing. Specific challenges are the protection of these valuable resources in international waters, where no universally accepted legal framework exists to protect and regulate the exploitation of MGRs, and the unresolved issues on patenting components of marine life. Implementing steps toward the protection of MGRs is essential to ensure their sustainable use and to support the flow of future findings of medical and biotechnological interest.
Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America (0027-8424) (Natl Acad Sciences), 2010-10 , Vol. 107 , N. 43 , P. 18318-18324

Droits : 2010 by the National Academy of Sciences
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00018/12897/9935.pdf
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0911897107
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00018/12897/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : The mantle deformation processes that control the thinning and break-up of continental lithosphere remain poorly understood. Our knowledge is restricted to either lithospheric scale thermo-mechanical models --that use experimentally derived flow laws--, geophysical imaging and/or rare xenoliths from active continental rifts, such as the East African Rift System. The originality of this work relies on the study of the two largest outcrops of diamond facies subcontinental lithospheric mantle in the world: the Beni Bousera and Ronda peridotite massifs in N Morocco and S Spain, respectively. The structures and petrologic and metamorphic zoning preserved in these massifs --implying a polybaric and polythermal evolution-- provides a unique opportunity to investigate the thermo-mechanical evolution of thick subcontinental lithospheric mantle in extensional settings. In this thesis we studied the deformation mechanisms in both peridotites and pyroxenites to constrain the modes of exhumation of subcontinental lithospheric mantle from garnet-, to spinel-, and finally, to plagioclase lherzolite facies conditions. We combined field mapping of tectonometamorphic domains and structural mapping of ductile structures, microstructural analysis, crystal preferred orientations (CPO) measurements and conventional thermobarometric calculations and thermodynamic modeling (Perple_X) to unravel the pressure and temperature conditions of deformation. We showed that exhumation from garnet- to spinel lherzolite facies conditions was accommodated by fast shearing --in thermal disequilibrium--along a lithospheric scale transtensional shear zone. In this context, the petrological zoning and the large temperature gradient (ca. 100ºC/km) preserved in the Beni Bousera massif represent the mechanical juxtaposition of progressively deeper and hotter lithospheric levels at depths of ca. 60 km in the latest Oligocene (ca. 25 Ma). Final exhumation from spinel- to plagioclase facies lherzolite and emplacement into the crust is best recorded in the Ronda massif where it occurred by inversion and lithospheric scale folding of the highly attenuated continental lithosphere in a back-arc region, probably in relation with southward slab rollback and subsequent collision with the palaeo-Maghrebien passive margin in the early Miocene (21-23 Ma).
Les processus de déformation contrôlant l'amincissement de la lithosphère continentale sont encore mal contraints. Nos connaissances sont principalement basées sur la modélisation thermomécanique d'extension à l'échelle de la lithosphère--utilisant des lois rhéologiques derivées expérimentalement, l'imagerie géophysique et l'analyse de xénolithes provenant de rift continentaux actifs à ce jour, tels que le Rift Est-Africain. L'originalité de ce travail reside dans l'étude des deux plus grands massifs de péridotites sous-continentales ayant enregistrées des conditions primaires du facies à diamant: les massifs de Beni Bousera au nord du Maroc et de Ronda au sud de l'Espagne, respectivement. Les structures et la zonation petrologique et métamorphique --impliquant une évolution polybarique et polythermique-- préservéees dans ces massifs offrent une opportunité unique pour étudier l'évolution thermo-mécanique du manteau sous-continental dans un contexte extensif. Dans ce travail, nous avons étudié les mécanismes de déformation des péridotites et des pyroxénites afin de contraindre les modes d'exhumation du manteau lithosphérique sous-continental, depuis des conditions du facies des lherzolites à grenat, jusqu'au facies à spinelle et enfin à plagioclase. Nous avons combiné la cartographie des faciès tectono-métamorphiques et des structures ductiles de déformation, l'analyse des microstructures, la mesure d'orientations préférentielles de réseau (OPR), et la géothermobarométrie conventionelle couplée à la modélisation thermodynamique (PerpleX) afin de contraindre les conditions de pression et température de la déformation. Nous avons montré que l'exhumation précoce du facies à grenat au facies à spinelle était accomodée par une faille transtensive affectant le manteau lithosphérique. Dans ce contexte, la zonation tectono-métamorphique et le gradient thermique important (ca. 100ºC/km) préservés à Beni Bousera résultent de la juxtaposition mécanique de domaines lithosphériques initialement équilibrés à différentes pressions et températures, fossilisée à une profondeur de ca. 60 km durant l'Oligocène supérieur (ca. 25 Ma). L'exhumation finale du facies de lherzolite à spinelle au facies à plagioclase et l'emplacement final dans la croûte, mieux enregistrés dans Ronda, se sont produits par inversion et plissement de la section lithosphérique fortement amincie dans un contexte arrière-arc, probablement lors du retrait vers le sud de la lithosphère subduite et la collision de l'arc avec les paléo-marges maghrébines au Miocène inférieur (21-23 Ma).
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767700

tel-00767700
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767700
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767700/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767700/file/THESE_Frets.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Geophysical Union
Résumé : International audience
We report measurements of long-period P wave polarization (P pol) in Australia and Tahiti made by combining modeling of the polarization deviation and harmonic analysis. The analysis of the deviation of the horizontal polarization of the P wave as a function of event back azimuth may be used to obtain information about (1) sensor misorientation, (2) dipping discontinuities, (3) seismic anisotropy, and (4) velocity heterogeneities beneath a seismic station. The results from harmonic analysis and a grid search using Snell's law suggest the presence of a dipping seismic discontinuity beneath stations CTAO and CAN in Australia. These results are consistent with published receiver function studies for these stations. The P pol fast axis orientation is close to the N–S absolute plate motion direction at station TAU (Tasmania), which may be due to plate-motion-driven alignment of olivine crystals in the asthenosphere. Interestingly, measurements of SKS splitting at Tahiti (French Polynesia) show an apparent isotropy, whereas an inversion of P pol observations at PPTL seismic station located in Tahiti suggests the presence of two anisotropic layers. The fast axis azimuth is oriented E–W in the upper layer, and it is close to the NW–SE orientation in the lower layer. Since P pol orientations are used for real-time earthquake locations, especially in poorly instrumented areas such as the South Pacific, we show that the bias from anisotropy and sensor misorientation determined here can be corrected to improve the location accuracy, which yields fundamental data for rapid location necessary for effective tsunami warning.
ISSN: 2169-9313

hal-01389113
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01389113
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01389113/document
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01389113/file/Fontaine_Ppol_JGR2009.pdf
DOI : 10.1029/2008JB005709

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : La relation du tourisme à la pauvreté conduit à envisager celle-ci comme objet de droit, i.e. d’une régulation juridique conçue et modulée en considération des objectifs recherchés, quant au contenu et à l’efficacité de la norme. Le traitement juridique de la pauvreté connaît toutefois des limites, en raison des difficultés techniques et conceptuelles auxquelles se heurte l’instrumentalisation juridique des politiques de lutte contre la pauvreté, au plan formel comme à celui des principes généraux du droit afférents aux conditions de vie et à la dignité des individus et des groupes. Il convient alors d’apprécier les apports comme les limites de la régulation du tourisme comme instrument de lutte contre la pauvreté, à la fois quant à la contribution qu’un tourisme maîtrisé peut apporter à sa réduction, et quant aux excès d’un tourisme de masse porteur de facteurs de déstructuration culturelle et de désintégration sociétale au détriment des plus défavorisées.
The relationship of tourism to poverty leads us to consider it as an object of law, i.e. a legal regulation designed in consideration of the objectives sought, on the content and effectiveness of the legal standard.However, the legal treatment of poverty knows limits, due to technical and conceptual challenges facing the legal manipulation of policies against poverty. This applies to the formal level as that of the general principles of law relating to living conditions and dignity of individuals and groups.It should then assess the contributions and limits in the regulation of tourism as a tool to fight poverty, both in terms of the contribution that tourism can make toward reducing poverty, and in terms of the excesses of tourism and cultural disintegration of society at the expense of marginalized, poor populations.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.6509
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/6509

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The purpose of our study is to model a geothermal reservoir. When geothermal reservoir are assumed to be composed of pure water, the transfer of mass and energy is classically described by two balance equations: mass balance equation and the energy balance equation. In addition to those equations, fluid velocity ist classically given by the Darcy law while thermodynamic properties, inferred from theoretical or empirical equations of state, are used to close the mathematical system. Once this system is closed, there exist different solutions. The first one is to solve for pressure and temperature with a variable switch to saturation in the two-phase region (e.g. TOUGH2). The second one is to solve for pressure and enthalpy to increase stability of phase transition between single and two-phase states (e.g. Hydrotherm). We adopted the second option and chose te use a splitting method to get rid of the complexity of coupling equations and a finite volume method for the spatial discretization. Selecting object-oriented languages, we developed a multi-language framework, combining Python, Fortran and a C++ implementation of IAPWS (from the freesteam project) including the supercritical equations, in porous media velocity is given by Darcy law and to close the system physical properties are determined by the IAPWS-IF97 thermodynamic formulation. We resolve the equations in pressure and enthalpy instead of pressure and temperature in order to increase stability and to handle easier the passage from a single-phase to a two-phase system. We solve the system by using a splitting method - to get rid of the complexity of coupling equations - and a finite volume method. We offer some freedom to users thanks to the implementation of several methods like explicit or implicit Euler, Runge-Kutta or BDF2 for time solvers or GMRES and BICGSTAB for the linear solver. We can handle several boundary conditions like no-flow - describing a boundary which can not exchange matter with the exterior - or like a mixed-therm condition - a Dirichlet condition to the pressure and a Dirichlet or an outflow condition to the temperature in order to describe a recharge or a discharge zone - ... We're developing a multi-language framework, combining Python, Fortran and the C++ implementation of IAPWS (from the freesteam project). All these languages are object-oriented. We've applied this simulation model to the dogger in Paris, France, to several one-dimensional systems and a two-dimensional one made by Coumou with the CSMP++ platform. The dogger is a reservoir exploited to produce heat by pumping water at 70 and reinjecting it in the reservoir at 40. In the one-dimensional systems we wanted to observe the process of heat transfer from a higher temperature boundary to a smaller one in a high-energy domain. The last simulation shows the natural convection of water in a fault. For every simulation we compared the solutions we found with an other code (TOUGH2 or CSMP++) and they agreed. The next step will be to model the geothermal plant in Guadeloupe, West Indies. It's the only place in France - and in the West Indies so far - producing electricity with the earth power. The temperature can reach up to 1000 and the pressure range is around a few hundreds MPa. In some surface zones we can see two-phase water at atmospheric pressure. In the 1980s Bouillante was a laboratory for France. Since 1995 Bouillante has given 30GWh electricity a year to the Guadeloupeans.
PROCEEDINGS, Thirty-Ninth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering
Stanford, United States

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
hal-00944133
https://hal-brgm.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00944133
https://hal-brgm.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00944133/document
https://hal-brgm.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00944133/file/Copol.pdf