83 documents satisfont la requête.
Toward a New Tourism Policy in the French West Indies: The End of Mass Tourism Resorts and a New Policy for Sustainable Tourism and Ecotourism ; Hacia una nueva política turística en las Antillas francesas: el final de la misa complejos turísticos por una nueva política para el turismo sostenible y el ecoturismo ; Vers une nouvelle politique touristique dans les Antilles françaises: de la fin des stations touristiques de masse pour une nouvelle politique pour le tourisme durable et l'écotourisme
Auteur(s) : Dehoorne, Olivier Augier, Dominique
Auteurs secondaires : Lieux, Identités, eSpaces, Activités (LISA) ; Université Pascal Paoli (UPP) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Centre de Recherche en Economie, Gestion, Modélisation et Informatique Appliquée (CEREGMIA) ; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)
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The Chenaillet Ophiolite in the French/Italian Alps: An ancient analogue for an Oceanic Core Complex?
Auteur(s) : Manatschal, Gianreto Sauter, Daniel Karpoff, Anne Marie Masini, Emmanuel Mohn, Geoffroy Lagabrielle, Yves
Auteurs secondaires : Dylbas ; Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) Dynamique de la Lithosphere ; Géosciences Montpellier ; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Université de Montpellier (UM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Université de Montpellier (UM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Complementarity of Rotating Video and Underwater Visual Census for Assessing Species Richness, Frequency and Density of Reef Fish on Coral Reef Slopes
Auteur(s) : Mallet, Delphine Wantiez, Laurent Lemouellic, Soazig Vigliola, Laurent Pelletier, Dominique
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Crustal versus mantle core complexes
Auteur(s) : Brun, Jean-Pierre Sokoutis, Dimitrios TIREL, Céline Gueydan, Frédéric Van Den Driessche, Jean Beslier, Marie-Odile
Auteurs secondaires : Géosciences Rennes (GR) ; Université de Rennes 1 (UR1) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Utrecht University [Utrecht] Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS) Géosciences Montpellier ; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Université de Montpellier (UM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Géoazur (GEOAZUR) ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC) - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS) ; Université Côte d'Azur (UCA) - Université Côte d'Azur (UCA) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Translithospheric Mantle Diapirism: Geological Evidence and Numerical Modelling of the Kondyor Zoned Ultramafic Complex (Russian Far-East)
Auteur(s) : Burg, J. P. Bodinier, Jean-Louis Gerya, T. Bedini, R. M. Boudier, Françoise Dautria, Jean-Marie Prikhodko, V. Efimov, A.
Auteurs secondaires : Earth Sciences Department, ETH Zentrum and Univ. Zürich ; Université du Québec Géosciences Montpellier ; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Université de Montpellier (UM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Institute of Tectonics and Geophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khabarovsk ; Université du Québec Institute of Geology and Geochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg ; Université du Québec
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Economic valuation of coral reef ecosystem service of coastal protection: A pragmatic approach
Auteur(s) : Pascal, Nicolas Allenbach, Michel Brathwaite, Angelique Burke, Lauretta Le Port, Guillaume Clua, Eric
Auteurs secondaires : Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) - Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS) - École pratique des hautes études (EPHE) - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) - Université de la Réunion (UR) - Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF) - Université de Nouvelle Calédonie - Institut d'écologie et environnement Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE) ; Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD) - École pratique des hautes études (EPHE) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Université de Nouvelle Calédonie Blue Finance Economics for Coral Reef Ecosystems World Resources Institute
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Polyphase Mesozoic tectonics in the eastern part of the North China Block: insights from the Eastern Liaoning Peninsula massif (NE China)
Auteur(s) : Lin, Wei Faure, Michel Monié, Patrick Wang, Qingchen
Auteurs secondaires : Institute of Geology and Geophysics, LTE (LTE) ; Institute of Geology and Geophysics Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO) ; Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Université d'Orléans (UO) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Géosciences Montpellier ; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Université de Montpellier (UM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) CNRS DyETI and Sino-French Co-operative (AFCRST-PRA T01-03) projects
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Cooling paths during the Mesozoic Extensional Tectonics of NE China: example from the South Liaodong Peninsula Metamorphic Core Complex
Auteur(s) : Lin, Wei Monié, Patrick Faure, Michel Schärer, Urs Shi, Yonghong Le Breton, Nicole Wang, Qingchen
Auteurs secondaires : State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution ; Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Géosciences Montpellier ; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Université de Montpellier (UM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO) ; Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Université d'Orléans (UO) - Université François Rabelais - Tours - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Géoazur (GEOAZUR) ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC) - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS) ; Université Côte d'Azur (UCA) - Université Côte d'Azur (UCA) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Department of Geology ; University of Technology
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Effects of temperature and UVR on organic matter fluxes and the metabolic activity of acropora muricata
Auteur(s) : Courtial, Lucile Ferrier-Pagès, Christine Jacquet, Stéphan Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo Reynaud, Stéphanie Rottier, Cécile Houlbrèque, Fanny
Auteurs secondaires : Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM) ; Musee oceanographique de Monaco Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Nouvelle-Calédonie]) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]) Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) - Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS) - École pratique des hautes études (EPHE) - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) - Université de la Réunion (UR) - Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF) - Université de Nouvelle Calédonie - Institut d'écologie et environnement Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC) Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) - Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]) Centre Scientifique de Monaco; Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI University); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Departement Soutien et Formation, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (Noumea, New Caledonia)
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Patterns of genetic isolation in a widely distributed pelagic fish, the narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson)
Auteur(s) : Fauvelot, Cécile Borsa, Philippe
Auteurs secondaires : Dynamique des écosystèmes Caraïbe et biologie des espèces associées (DYNECAR EA 926) ; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) Biocomplexité des écosystèmes coralliens de l'Indo-Pacifique (CoReUS2) ; Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD]
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Unity and disunity in evolutionary sciences: process-based analogies open common research avenues for biology and linguistics
Auteur(s) : List, Johann-Mattis Sylvestre Pathmanathan, Jananan Lopez, Philippe Bapteste, Eric
Auteurs secondaires : Evolution Paris Seine ; Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS) ; Université Côte d'Azur (UCA) - Université Côte d'Azur (UCA) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC) CRLAO/EHESS Paris
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High water contents in the Siberian cratonic mantle linked to metasomatism: An FTIR study of Udachnaya peridotite xenoliths
Auteur(s) : Doucet, Luc Serge Peslier, Anne H. IONOV, Dmitri Brandon, Alan D. Golovin, Alexander V. Goncharov, Aleksey G. Ashchepkov, Igor V.
Auteurs secondaires : Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV) ; Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) NASA Manteau et Interfaces ; Géosciences Montpellier ; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Université de Montpellier (UM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Université de Montpellier (UM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) University of Houston Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS) St Petersburg State University
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Etude des fonds de pêche du littoral atlantique martiniquais : ressources, exploitation, prospectives
Auteur(s) : Farrugio, Henri Saint-felix, Christian
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Exploring social-ecological dynamics of a coral reef resource system usingparticipatory modeling and empirical data
Auteur(s) : Leenhardt, Pierre Stelzenmüller, Vanessa Pascal, Nicolas Probst Wolfgang, Nikolaus Aubanel, Annie Bambridge, Tamatoa Mahé, Charles Clua, Eric
Auteurs secondaires : Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) - Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS) - École pratique des hautes études (EPHE) - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) - Université de la Réunion (UR) - Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF) - Université de Nouvelle Calédonie - Institut d'écologie et environnement Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE) ; Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD) - École pratique des hautes études (EPHE) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Thünen-Institute of Sea Fisheries Independent Consultant ; Independent Consultant
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Patterns of genetic isolation in a widely distributed pelagic fish, the narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson)
Auteur(s) : Fauvelot, Cécile Borsa, Philippe
Auteurs secondaires : Dynamique des écosystèmes Caraïbe et biologie des espèces associées (DYNECAR EA 926) ; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) Biocomplexité des écosystèmes coralliens de l'Indo-Pacifique (CoReUS2)
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Time-evolution and strain distribution of a major shear zone (SASZ,Brittany, France)
Auteur(s) : Augier, Romain Raimbourg, Hugues Bellanger, Mathieu Turrillot, Paul Monié, Patrick
Auteurs secondaires : Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO) ; Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Université d'Orléans (UO) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Géosciences Montpellier ; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Université de Montpellier (UM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Toward a New Tourism Policy in the French West Indies: The End of Mass Tourism Resorts and a New Policy for Sustainable Tourism and Ecotourism
Auteur(s) : Dehoorne, Olivier Augier, Dominique
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Sediment pollution impacts sensory ability and performance of settling coral-reef fish
Auteur(s) : O’Connor, J. Jack Lecchini, David Beck, Hayden J. Cadiou, Gwenael Lecellier, Gael Booth, David J. Nakamura, Yohei
Auteurs secondaires : Ichthyology, Australian Museum ; Australian Museum School of Life Sciences ; University of Technology Sydney (UTS) Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) - Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS) - École pratique des hautes études (EPHE) - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) - Université de la Réunion (UR) - Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF) - Université de Nouvelle Calédonie - Institut d'écologie et environnement Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE) ; Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD) - École pratique des hautes études (EPHE) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Graduate School of Kuroshio Science ; Kochi University
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Statistical classification of log response as an indicator of facies variation during changes in sea level: Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 313
Auteur(s) : Inwood, Jennifer Lofi, Johanna Davies, Sarah Basile, Christophe Bjerum, Christian Mountain, Gregory, Proust, Jean-Noël Al, Et
Auteurs secondaires : Borehole Research Group (BRG) ; Department of Geology [Leicester] ; University of Leicester - University of Leicester Transferts en milieux poreux ; Géosciences Montpellier ; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Université de Montpellier (UM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Université de Montpellier (UM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Tectonique reliefs et bassins ; Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre) ; Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF) - Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219 - PRES Université de Grenoble - Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF) - Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219 - PRES Université de Grenoble - Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Géosciences Rennes (GR) ; Université de Rennes 1 (UR1) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Superfast Spreading Rate Crust 4 Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 335 Scientific Prospectus
Auteur(s) : Teagle, D. Ildefonse, Benoit Blum, P.
Auteurs secondaires : National Oceanography Centre, Southampton ; Université du Québec Géosciences Montpellier ; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Université de Montpellier (UM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Texas A&M University [College Station]
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200 mm/y) to exploit the observed relationship between spreading rate and depth to axial low velocity zones, thought to be magma chambers, seismically imaged at active mid-ocean ridges. This was a deliberate strategy to reduce the drilling distance to gabbroic rocks because thick sequences of lavas and dikes have proved difficult to penetrate in past. ODP Leg 206 (2002) initiated operations at Site 1256, including the installation in Hole 1256D of a reentry cone with 16 inch casing inserted through the 250 m thick sedimentary cover and cemented into basement to facilitate deep drilling. The hole was then cored ~500 m into basement. IODP Expeditions 309 and 312 (2005) successfully completed the first sampling of an intact section of upper oceanic crust from lavas, through the sheeted dikes, and into the upper gabbros. Hole 1256D now penetrates >1500 meters below seafloor (mbsf) and >1250 m subbasement and currently resides in the dike–gabbro transition zone. The first gabbroic rocks were encountered at 1407 mbsf. Below this lies a ~100 m complex zone of fractionated gabbros intruded into contact metamorphosed dikes. Although previous cruises achieved the benchmark objective of reaching gabbro in intact ocean crust, critical scientific questions remain. These include the following: 1. Does the lower crust form by the recrystallization and subsidence of a high-level magma chamber (gabbro glacier), crustal accretion by intrusion of sills throughout the lower crust, or some other mechanism? 2. Is the plutonic crust cooled by conduction or hydrothermal circulation? 3. What is the geological nature of Layer 3 and the Layer 2/3 boundary at Site 1256? 4. What is the magnetic contribution of the lower crust to marine magnetic anomalies? Hole 1256D is poised at a depth where samples that should conclusively address these questions can be obtained, possibly with only a few hundred meters of drilling. Importantly, as of the end of Expedition 312, the hole was clear of debris and open to its full depth. Increased rates of penetration (1.2 m/h) and enhanced core recovery (>35%) in the gabbros indicate that this return to Hole 1256D could deepen the hole >300 m into plutonic rocks, past the transition from dikes to gabbro, and into a region of solely cumulate gabbroic rocks."> 200 mm/y) to exploit the observed relationship between spreading rate and depth to axial low velocity zones, thought to be magma chambers, seismically imaged at active mid-ocean ridges. This was a deliberate strategy to reduce the drilling distance to gabbroic rocks because thick sequences of lavas and dikes have proved difficult to penetrate in past. ODP Leg 206 (2002) initiated operations at Site 1256, including the installation in Hole 1256D of a reentry cone with 16 inch casing inserted through the 250 m thick sedimentary cover and cemented into basement to facilitate deep drilling. The hole was then cored ~500 m into basement. IODP Expeditions 309 and 312 (2005) successfully completed the first sampling of an intact section of upper oceanic crust from lavas, through the sheeted dikes, and into the upper gabbros. Hole 1256D now penetrates >1500 meters below seafloor (mbsf) and >1250 m subbasement and currently resides in the dike–gabbro transition zone. The first gabbroic rocks were encountered at 1407 mbsf. Below this lies a ~100 m complex zone of fractionated gabbros intruded into contact metamorphosed dikes. Although previous cruises achieved the benchmark objective of reaching gabbro in intact ocean crust, critical scientific questions remain. These include the following: 1. Does the lower crust form by the recrystallization and subsidence of a high-level magma chamber (gabbro glacier), crustal accretion by intrusion of sills throughout the lower crust, or some other mechanism? 2. Is the plutonic crust cooled by conduction or hydrothermal circulation? 3. What is the geological nature of Layer 3 and the Layer 2/3 boundary at Site 1256? 4. What is the magnetic contribution of the lower crust to marine magnetic anomalies? Hole 1256D is poised at a depth where samples that should conclusively address these questions can be obtained, possibly with only a few hundred meters of drilling. Importantly, as of the end of Expedition 312, the hole was clear of debris and open to its full depth. Increased rates of penetration (1.2 m/h) and enhanced core recovery (>35%) in the gabbros indicate that this return to Hole 1256D could deepen the hole >300 m into plutonic rocks, past the transition from dikes to gabbro, and into a region of solely cumulate gabbroic rocks."> 200 mm/y) to exploit the observed relationship between spreading rate and depth to axial low velocity zones, thought to be magma chambers, seismically imaged at active mid-ocean ridges. This was a deliberate strategy to reduce the drilling distance to gabbroic rocks because thick sequences of lavas and dikes have proved difficult to penetrate in past. ODP Leg 206 (2002) initiated operations at Site 1256, including the installation in Hole 1256D of a reentry cone with 16 inch casing inserted through the 250 m thick sedimentary cover and cemented into basement to facilitate deep drilling. The hole was then cored ~500 m into basement. IODP Expeditions 309 and 312 (2005) successfully completed the first sampling of an intact section of upper oceanic crust from lavas, through the sheeted dikes, and into the upper gabbros. Hole 1256D now penetrates >1500 meters below seafloor (mbsf) and >1250 m subbasement and currently resides in the dike–gabbro transition zone. The first gabbroic rocks were encountered at 1407 mbsf. Below this lies a ~100 m complex zone of fractionated gabbros intruded into contact metamorphosed dikes. Although previous cruises achieved the benchmark objective of reaching gabbro in intact ocean crust, critical scientific questions remain. These include the following: 1. Does the lower crust form by the recrystallization and subsidence of a high-level magma chamber (gabbro glacier), crustal accretion by intrusion of sills throughout the lower crust, or some other mechanism? 2. Is the plutonic crust cooled by conduction or hydrothermal circulation? 3. What is the geological nature of Layer 3 and the Layer 2/3 boundary at Site 1256? 4. What is the magnetic contribution of the lower crust to marine magnetic anomalies? Hole 1256D is poised at a depth where samples that should conclusively address these questions can be obtained, possibly with only a few hundred meters of drilling. Importantly, as of the end of Expedition 312, the hole was clear of debris and open to its full depth. Increased rates of penetration (1.2 m/h) and enhanced core recovery (>35%) in the gabbros indicate that this return to Hole 1256D could deepen the hole >300 m into plutonic rocks, past the transition from dikes to gabbro, and into a region of solely cumulate gabbroic rocks."> 200 mm/y) to exploit the observed relationship between spreading rate and depth to axial low velocity zones, thought to be magma chambers, seismically imaged at active mid-ocean ridges. This was a deliberate strategy to reduce the drilling distance to gabbroic rocks because thick sequences of lavas and dikes have proved difficult to penetrate in past. ODP Leg 206 (2002) initiated operations at Site 1256, including the installation in Hole 1256D of a reentry cone with 16 inch casing inserted through the 250 m thick sedimentary cover and cemented into basement to facilitate deep drilling. The hole was then cored ~500 m into basement. IODP Expeditions 309 and 312 (2005) successfully completed the first sampling of an intact section of upper oceanic crust from lavas, through the sheeted dikes, and into the upper gabbros. Hole 1256D now penetrates >1500 meters below seafloor (mbsf) and >1250 m subbasement and currently resides in the dike–gabbro transition zone. The first gabbroic rocks were encountered at 1407 mbsf. Below this lies a ~100 m complex zone of fractionated gabbros intruded into contact metamorphosed dikes. Although previous cruises achieved the benchmark objective of reaching gabbro in intact ocean crust, critical scientific questions remain. These include the following: 1. Does the lower crust form by the recrystallization and subsidence of a high-level magma chamber (gabbro glacier), crustal accretion by intrusion of sills throughout the lower crust, or some other mechanism? 2. Is the plutonic crust cooled by conduction or hydrothermal circulation? 3. What is the geological nature of Layer 3 and the Layer 2/3 boundary at Site 1256? 4. What is the magnetic contribution of the lower crust to marine magnetic anomalies? Hole 1256D is poised at a depth where samples that should conclusively address these questions can be obtained, possibly with only a few hundred meters of drilling. Importantly, as of the end of Expedition 312, the hole was clear of debris and open to its full depth. Increased rates of penetration (1.2 m/h) and enhanced core recovery (>35%) in the gabbros indicate that this return to Hole 1256D could deepen the hole >300 m into plutonic rocks, past the transition from dikes to gabbro, and into a region of solely cumulate gabbroic rocks."> | 200 mm/y) to exploit the observed relationship between spreading rate and depth to axial low velocity zones, thought to be magma chambers, seismically imaged at active mid-ocean ridges. This was a deliberate strategy to reduce the drilling distance to gabbroic rocks because thick sequences of lavas and dikes have proved difficult to penetrate in past. ODP Leg 206 (2002) initiated operations at Site 1256, including the installation in Hole 1256D of a reentry cone with 16 inch casing inserted through the 250 m thick sedimentary cover and cemented into basement to facilitate deep drilling. The hole was then cored ~500 m into basement. IODP Expeditions 309 and 312 (2005) successfully completed the first sampling of an intact section of upper oceanic crust from lavas, through the sheeted dikes, and into the upper gabbros. Hole 1256D now penetrates >1500 meters below seafloor (mbsf) and >1250 m subbasement and currently resides in the dike–gabbro transition zone. The first gabbroic rocks were encountered at 1407 mbsf. Below this lies a ~100 m complex zone of fractionated gabbros intruded into contact metamorphosed dikes. Although previous cruises achieved the benchmark objective of reaching gabbro in intact ocean crust, critical scientific questions remain. These include the following: 1. Does the lower crust form by the recrystallization and subsidence of a high-level magma chamber (gabbro glacier), crustal accretion by intrusion of sills throughout the lower crust, or some other mechanism? 2. Is the plutonic crust cooled by conduction or hydrothermal circulation? 3. What is the geological nature of Layer 3 and the Layer 2/3 boundary at Site 1256? 4. What is the magnetic contribution of the lower crust to marine magnetic anomalies? Hole 1256D is poised at a depth where samples that should conclusively address these questions can be obtained, possibly with only a few hundred meters of drilling. Importantly, as of the end of Expedition 312, the hole was clear of debris and open to its full depth. Increased rates of penetration (1.2 m/h) and enhanced core recovery (>35%) in the gabbros indicate that this return to Hole 1256D could deepen the hole >300 m into plutonic rocks, past the transition from dikes to gabbro, and into a region of solely cumulate gabbroic rocks.">Plus