Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
The release of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into the environment has increased very substantially over the last decades. PAHs are hydrophobic molecules which can accumulate in high concentrations in sediments acting then as major secondary sources. Fish contamination can occur through contact or residence nearby sediments or though dietary exposure. In this study, we analyzed certain physiological traits in unexposed fish (F1) issued from parents (F0) exposed through diet to three PAH mixtures at similar and environmentally relevant concentrations but differing in their compositions. For each mixture, no morphological differences were observed between concentrations. An increase in locomotor activity was observed in larvae issued from fish exposed to the highest concentration of a pyrolytic (PY) mixture. On the contrary, a decrease in locomotor activity was observed in larvae issued from heavy oil mixture (HO). In the case of the third mixture, light oil (LO), a reduction of the diurnal activity was observed during the setup of larval activity. Behavioral disruptions persisted in F1-PY juveniles and in their offspring (F2). Endocrine disruption was analyzed using cyp19a1b:GFP transgenic line and revealed disruptions in PY and LO offspring. Since no PAH metabolites were dosed in larvae, these findings suggest possible underlying mechanisms such as altered parental signaling molecule and/or hormone transferred in the gametes, eventually leading to early imprinting. Taken together, these results indicate that physiological disruptions are observed in offspring of fish exposed to PAH mixtures through diet.
ISSN: 0944-1344

hal-01121865
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01121865
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01121865/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01121865/file/Exposures%20of%20zebrafish_accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1007/s11356-015-4157-8

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Résumé : International audience
The Calabro-Peloritan belt constitutes the eastward termination of the southern segment of the Alpine Mediterranean belt. This orogenic system was built up during the convergence between the Eurasian and the African plates, roughly directed North-South since the Upper Cretaceous. It was subsequently fragmented during the opening of the Western Mediterranean basins since Oligocene times. The curved shape of the Calabro-Peloritan belt was acquired during the opening of the Tyrrhenian basin since Tortonian. The origin, kinematics and significance of the Calabro-Peloritan tectonic pile are still debated. Our data in the Aspromonte Massif of Southern Calabria reveal an Alpine history marked by two main superimposed kinematic regimes. (i) A first phase corresponds to the piling up of basement nappes with a top-to-the-SE vergence, i.e in a direction orthogonal to the belt trend and towards the Adriatic foreland. This external vergence is similar to what is observed in both Northeastern Sicily and Northern Calabria. In Sicily, the age of nappe piling is Alpine, as evidenced by pinched slices of Mesozoïc sediments. In the Aspromonte Massif, thrusting age is less constrained. Our data suggest remnants of late Hercynian structuration before the Alpine stacking. (ii) A second phase corresponds to the thinning of the continental crust, dated at around 30 Ma by both geochronological and stratigraphical data. This extension is mainly localized on two low-angle detachment contacts, with top-to-the-NE displacement. The lower one corresponds to the reworking of the former main nappe contact. The upper one is a large detachment fault cutting across the pile from upper sedimentary levels down to metamorphic basement. Extension of similar Alpine age and similar internal vergence has been already recognized in other parts of the Calabro-Peloritan Arc: in the basement nappes of Northeastern Sicily and in the ophiolitic units of Northern Calabria. Coming back to the original geometry and position of the Calabro-Peloritan belt, before its bending and the opening of the Liguro-Provençal and Tyrrhenian basins, we evidence a homogeneous Oligocene NE-SW extension all along the Calabro-Peloritan segment of the Alpine Mediterranean belt. This tectonometamorphic history is best explained within the framework of the continuous Tertiary westward dipping subduction of the Tethyan oceanic domain below the European active margin and the progressive eastward retreat of the Apennine trench since Oligocene times.
ISSN: 0278-7407

hal-00283182
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00283182
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00283182/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00283182/file/Heymes_et_al_2008.pdf
DOI : 10.1029/2007TC002157

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
The way faults control upward fluid flow in nonmagmatic hydrothermal systems in extensional context is still unclear. In the Eastern Pyrénées, an alignment of twenty-nine hot springs (29 ∘ C to 73 ∘ C), along the normal Têt fault, offers the opportunity to study this process. Using an integrated multiscale geological approach including mapping, remote sensing, and macro-and microscopic analyses of fault zones, we show that emergence is always located in crystalline rocks at gneiss-metasediments contacts, mostly in the Têt fault footwall. The hot springs distribution is related to high topographic reliefs, which are associated with fault throw and segmentation. In more detail, emergence localizes either (1) in brittle fault damage zones at the intersection between the Têt fault and subsidiary faults or (2) in ductile faults where dissolution cavities are observed along foliations, allowing juxtaposition of metasediments. Using these observations and 2D simple numerical simulation, we propose a hydrogeological model of upward hydrothermal flow. Meteoric fluids, infiltrated at high elevation in the fault footwall relief, get warmer at depth because of the geothermal gradient. Topography-related hydraulic gradient and buoyancy forces cause hot fluid rise along permeability anisotropies associated with lithological juxtapositions, fracture, and fault zone compositions.
ISSN: 1468-8115

hal-01582968
https://hal-brgm.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01582968
https://hal-brgm.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01582968/document
https://hal-brgm.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01582968/file/Taillefer_et_al_Geofluids_2017.pdf
DOI : 10.1155/2017/8190109

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Ibis Rouge Editions
Résumé : La diversité linguistique guyanaise longtemps constatée, mais finalement peu décrite de manière systématique, fait l'objet depuis une trentaine d'année d'études scientifiques portant sur des aspects linguistiques et sociolinguistiques, mais aussi historiques et anthropologiques. Elle constitue « observatoire privilégié pour l'étude des relations entre langue et société » (Léglise & Migge 2007b). Le plurilinguisme qui caractérise le département est loin d'être une exception. Il est en effet communément admis actuellement que « nous vivons dans un monde où les situations de contacts de langues, loin de se réduire constituent un phénomène massif et de plus en plus général. » (Coste & Hébrard, 1991 : 8). Les sciences humaines, et plus particulièrement les sciences du langage, ne peuvent donc faire l'impasse d'une prise en compte de ce phénomène.
Comprendre la Guyane d'aujourd'hui

hal-00243120
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00243120
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00243120/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00243120/file/2007-alby-leglise-paysage-socioling.pdf

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : En dehors de l’école et de la famille, d’autres lieux permettent aux jeunes d’apprendre au contact des adultes : c’est ce qu’on appelle les tiers-lieux éducatifs. Les églises de la communauté haïtienne de la Martinique relèvent selon nous de cette catégorie. En effet, cette diaspora se retrouve dans des ecclésioles — véritables entreprises à la tête desquelles se trouvent des pasteurs (autoproclamés) issus de la communauté exilée — qui prennent en charge sa progéniture et l’aident à s’intégrer dans la société martiniquaise. Dans cet article, nous entendons démontrer cette fonction éducative de ces lieux de rassemblement de la communauté haïtiano-martiniquaise. À l’instar d’autres communautés évangéliques autochtones nous avons posé cette hypothèse explicative que nous avons vérifiée. Une fonction que ne rempliraient pas en revanche les rares temples vaudous de l’île à la tête desquels se trouvent des fils de Toussaint Louverture.
Outside regular school and family structures, the youth are exposed to other environments that allow them to learn from adults. This is referred to as “tiers-lieu éducatif” or "third-place education". Churches in Haitian communities in Martinique emerge, in our opinion, from this experience. In fact, the Haitian Diaspora is concentrated in areas that contain small ecclesiastical strongholds, enterprises led by self-acclaimed pastors who originate from the exiled community, assuming responsibility for their progeny, and thus helping them to integrate in the society. This article highlights the function of Education in these areas highly populated by Haitians. Following the example of the native Evangelical Communities, we have formulated the explanatory hypothesis that we have verified: A function that does not fulfil, on the other hand, the few voodoo temples on the island, led by the sons of Toussaint Louverture. 
Martinique

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.4600
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/4600

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Viral haemorragic fevers are characterized by similar clinical manifestations, with a biphasic course : After a 2-21 day-incubation, onset of an influenza-like illness, that will drive to an haemorragic syndrom with shock, in a subgroup of patients, unpredictable. Human-to-human transmission mostly occurs through contact with biological fluids, especially if contaminated with blood. The biology, the epidemiology and the letality of these viruses differ. For all these viral haemorragic fevers, the importance of an early diagnosis relies mostly in the need to interrupt human-to-human transmission, as therapeutic options are mostly restricted to symptomatic treatment, with the exception of Lassa fever (ribavirin probably effective).
Les fièvres hémorragiques virales regroupent plusieurs viroses, potentiellement graves, avec un tableau clinique relativement stéréotypé, d’évolution biphasique. Après une incubation de 2 à 21 jours, apparition d’un syndrome pseudo-grippal qui évolue au bout de quelques jours, de manière imprévisible, chez une proportion variable de patients, vers un syndrome hémorragique avec choc. La transmission interhumaine s’effectue le plus souvent par contacts avec des liquides biologiques, surtout en présence de sang. La biologie de ces virus, leur épidémiologie et leur létalité sont très variables. Pour toutes ces fièvres hémorragiques virales, l’importance d’un diagnostic rapide réside plus dans la nécessité d’interrompre les chaînes de transmission que dans les possibilités thérapeutiques, limitées aux traitements symptomatiques, à l’exception notable de la fièvre de Lassa (efficacité probable de la ribavirine).
ISSN: 1773-035X

hal-01299296
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01299296
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01299296/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01299296/file/Fi%C3%A8vres%20h%C3%A9morragiques%20virales_accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/S1773-035X(16)30091-0

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD L'Harmattan
Résumé : International audience
Pourquoi un autre livre sur la culture Hip-Hop ? Parce que comme toute culture, elle est dynamique et ne se laisse pas dompter. Elle possède l’essencedes cultures, elle recherche le contact avec l’autre. Même si le mouvement possède une histoire, une tradition réelle, il ne se réduit pas au rap, ni auxafricains-américains, ni aux clichés déversés par les clips vidéos. Le Hip-Hop doit son dynamisme et sa longévité à sa capacité à entrer en contact avecd’autres cultures et à se laisser infiltrer. Se faisant, il est également porteur de contradictions. Parfois victime de son propre succès, le mouvement Hip-Hop est le résultat d’échanges complexes, de conditions sociopolitiques nourries par des sentiments de désillusion et d’aliénation. De manière élémentaire, nous pouvons le qualifier de « produit de l’Amérique d’après la lutte des droits civiques ».C’est un ensemble d’expressions culturelles conçu par la jeunesse des communautés africaine-américaine, latino-américaine et caribéenne-américaineà New York et ses environs durant les années soixante-dix. Son moyen d’expression le plus populaire a été la musique rap ; néanmoins la danse, legraffiti, la mode vestimentaire, l’art audiovisuel, la criminalité, le sport et le commerce sont aussi ses « terrains de jeu » (Nelson, 1998 :8). La « générationHip-Hop » a entre 13 et 40 ans. Elle a grandi avec ces expressions Hip-Hop comme repère socioculturel, politique et idéologique. Le mouvement continued’avoir un impact considérable sur l’industrie vestimentaire, la presse écrite, l’enseignement, la télévision, le langage, la sexualité, les relations hommefemme, les politiques sociales et économiques aux États-Unis et dans le reste du monde. Parce qu’elle a capturé l’attention et l’imagination d’un grand nombre individus d’origines ethniques et sociales très diverses, elle mérite qu’on s’y intéresse avec beaucoup de sérieux. Nous chercherons à interroger cette culture fertile à la lumière de plusieurs grands thèmes, à savoir : la société étasunienne, la politique, le multiculturalisme, les substances narcotiques, l’Afrique, la mort, la "glocalisation", le capitalisme et l’interculturalité.
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01379678

ISBN : 9782296129313
hal-01379678
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01379678

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
De nombreux pieds de marges continentales passives sont caractériséspar la présence de manteau exhumé (Galice, Angola, Scandinavie, MerRouge, Mer Tyrrhénienne, Australie, ...). Dans le cas des marges pyrénéennes,le manteau est exhumé en contexte extensif suite à l’amincissementcrustal extrême et mis en contact avec les sédiments sus-jacentsde la couverture pré-rift. Les chaînons Béarnais (Pyrénées Occidentales)sont les restes de cette couverture sédimentaire Mésozoïque associée àdes pointements de socle Paléozoïque et de manteau. Le massif du Saraillé(anticlinal de Sarrance) où sont rassemblées toutes ces lithologiesest un endroit idéal pour l’étude de la genèse des marges à manteau exhumé.Ce massif a fait l’objet d’une étude détaillée : cartographie, structure,évolution métamorphique, géochimie isotopique. La cartographiea révélé que la structure est une tête anticlinale couchée affectant l’ensemblede la couverture Mésozoïque pré-rift et dont le coeur est constituéde lentilles de socle et de manteau. Nous nous sommes particulièrementintéressés au contact entre la couverture Mésozoïque, dont labase est métamorphique et le socle. Un intense métasomatisme précoce,syn-extension est révélé par la présence de lentilles pluri-métriques detalc et chloritites, ainsi que par le développement de filonets d’albitites.Les analyses d’isotopes stables (18O, 13C) réalisées dans la couverturesédimentaire montrent l’importance des circulations de fluides métamorphiquesdurant l’exhumation du manteau et font du massif du Sarailléune référence pour les systèmes d’interactions fluide/roche au pieddes marges continentales distales. Nos analyses couplées aux observationsde terrain permettent de compléter les modèles d’amincissementcrustal extrême et de remontée du manteau. Nous montrons donc quela déformation ductile de la croûte continentale le long d’un grand détachement,s’accompagne de boudinage et se résout par l’individualisationde minces écailles de socle réparties sur le manteau exhumé.
24 ème Réunion des sciences de la Terre 2014
Pau, France

insu-01080825
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01080825

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
Serpentinization of olivine-rich troctolite from core 227, Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Hole U1309D ranges from 10 to 90. Two episodes of serpentinization are recognized. The first, dominant in weakly serpentinized samples, is an approximately isochemical (except for water) replacement of olivine (Fo(8485)) by a mixture of serpentine (antigorite, Mg-number 92) and brucite (amakinite-rich; Mg-number 65). The compositions of the minerals in type 1 veins are a reflection of FeMg exchange between olivine and the brucite serpentine formed during early serpentinization. The early serpentinite veins (type 1) are thin ( 005 mm), irregular, and exploit pre-existing cracks in olivine. The presence of antigorite suggests that early serpentinization occurred at T 300C. Type 1 veins reflect rock-dominated serpentinization, became isolated early in their history, and persist as relicts in all but the most altered samples. The main episode of serpentinization is manifested by through-going lizardite (average Mg-number 96)magnetite veins (type 2). Type 2 veins define an anastomosing foliation, may be several millimeters in width and appear to exploit pre-existing, favorably oriented type 1 veins. Type 2 veins reflect open-system serpentinization. Magnetite in these veins formed by oxidation of the Fe in brucite and serpentine, whereas addition of silica to the system converted the Mg-component of the brucite to serpentine. Magnetite forms one or more distinct bands in the interior of the vein and is never in direct contact with relict olivine. A bruciteserpentine mixture, similar to that found in type 1 veins, but with lizardite instead of antigorite, is commonly present at the margins of type 2 veins (i.e. where they are in reaction contact with relict olivine). We interpret type 2 veins as a steady-state system where brucite continually forms at the olivinevein contact and then reacts out in the interior of the vein. This continual formation and destruction of brucite imposes an exceptionally low a(SiO2) on the system. Magnetite and olivine are never in contact in type 2 veins (or anywhere else) because the olivine-out reaction yields ferroan brucite and not magnetite. The desilication of serpentine in the type 2 veins is a reflection of the inherent instability of Fe-rich serpentine with respect to magnetite at low silica activity. Thus, the composition of serpentine in equilibrium with magnetite in serpentinites is a function of serpentinemagnetite and not serpentineolivine equilbria.
ISSN: 0022-3530

hal-00420931
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00420931
DOI : 10.1093/petrology/egp004

Résumé : Au cours de 325 relevés, 518 observations visuelles et 202 acoustiques ont permis de recenser 4 familles, 14 genres et 17 espèces, représentant un effectif total cumulé de près de 6000 cétacés contactés dans les limites de 15 mille nautiques des côtes en Guadeloupe. Les dauphins (Delphinidëe), constituent 33% des 36 espèces actuellement connues dans le monde. Six espèces plus rares ont été décrites. Parmi les cétacés à fanons, la baleine à bosse (Megaptera novaeangliae) migre dans les eaux côtières de décembre à fin mai et reste l'espèce la plus rencontrée. Grâce à un suivi individuel par télémétrie, il a pu être prouvé qu'au moins un individu de cette espèce pouvait séjourner dans l'archipel plus de huit jours. En 2010, une baleine à bosse de la baie du Moule à été suivie sur plus de 6300 kilomètres jusqu'au sud de l'Islande, vers les Iles Féroé. Une première estimation de stock sur la période de 2008 à 2011 propose que 442 baleines à bosse %CV 19,29 IC95% [302-645] évolueraient dans l'archipel côtier. Les carnïvores sont les plus abondants, avec parmi ceux-ci, le dauphin tacheté pantroplcal (Stenella attenuata) dont l'estimation indique que 270 à 300 individus évolueraient sur 1361 km2 avec une densité relative élevée (0,052 tndtvtdus/km>, %CV 90,16), principalement en-côte-sous-le-vent. L'analyse de la répartition spatiale et des facteurs du milieu indique une sectorisation géographique marquée des populations en zone côtière, avec des distributions influencées spécifiquement par la bathymétrie, la latitude, les distances à la côte et à l'isobathe 200, pour les informations principales et selon les espèces.
In 325 surveys, 518 visuai observations and acoustic 202 have identified four families, 14 genera and 17 species, representing a cumulative total ofnearly 6000 cetaceans assessed within 15 miles of coastal water ofGuadeloupe. Dolphins (Delphinidae), constitute 33% ofthe 36 species currently known in the world. Six rare species have been described. Among the baleen whales, the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) migrate into coastal waters from December to late May and is the species most encountered. With individual monitoring by telemetry, it has been proved that at least one individual ofthis species could stay in the archipelago over eight days. In 2010, a humpback whale in the Bay ofmold were followed for more than 6300 km to the south ofIceland to the Faroe Islands. A first estimate ofstock over the period 2008 to 20 Il suggests that 442 humpback whales CV% 19.2995% [302-645] would evolve in the coastal archipelago. <..';:-.'") Carnivores are the most abundant, with among them, the spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata) whose estimate indicates that 270 to 300 individuals are present over 1361 km 2 with a high specifie density (0.052 individuals / km 2,% CV 90, 16), mainly in the Leeward coast. The analysis ofthe spatial distribution and environmental factors indicates a marked geographical sectorisation ofpopulations in coastal areas, with distributions specifically influenced by bathymetry, latitude, distance to the coast and the isobath 200, depending on the species

http://www.theses.fr/2012AGUY0520/document

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Multiple chemicals are emitted in residential accommodation. Aggregate Daily Doses (ADD) (ng/kg-bw/d) were estimated for 32 semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) of different chemical families that are frequently detected in French dwellings in both air and settled dust. Daily doses were determined using steady-state models for the population, categorized into 11 age groups covering birth to age 30. Three routes of exposure were taken into account: dust ingestion, inhalation (gaseous and particulate phases) and dermal contact with the gaseous phase of air. Contamination levels were preferentially retrieved from large, nationwide representative datasets. A two-dimensional probabilistic approach was used to assess parametric uncertainty and identify the most influential factors. For children aged 2 to 3 years, ADD estimates spanned orders of magnitude, with median values ranging from 8.7 pg/kg-bw/d for 2,2′,3,4,4′-pentabromodiphenylether (BDE 85) to 1.3 μg/kg-bw/d for di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP). Inhalation, ingestion and dermal pathway contributed at varying levels, and depending on compound, air was the dominant medium for 28 of the 32 compounds (either by inhalation or dermal contact). Indoor exposure estimate variance was mainly driven by indoor contamination variability, and secondarily by uncertainty in physical and chemical parameters. These findings lend support to the call for cumulative risk assessment of indoor SVOCs. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
ISSN: 01604120

hal-01616433
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01616433
DOI : 10.1016/j.envint.2017.08.024
PUBMED : 28950160

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : This paper presents a numerical investigation on the mechanical behavior of cemented granular materials by means of discrete element simulations. In particular, two conceptual elements of this behavior were explored: the yield surfaces and the plastic potentials, as defined in the framework of elastoplastic constitutive models. For this purpose, we implemented a contact model that mimics the mechanical behavior of cemented bonds, we constructed a set of polydisperse samples with different solid fractions, and we tested these samples by means of a biaxial device with four rigid walls. The yield surfaces and plastic potentials were thus obtained and analyzed as functions of the solid fraction of the material, drawing interesting conclusions, confirming previous experimental findings, and, consequently, evidencing the great potential of discrete element simulations in exploring the behavior of real cemented geomaterials.
ISSN: 0266-352X

hal-00853748
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00853748
DOI : 10.1016/j.compgeo.2012.11.001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Despite decades of petrological and geochemical studies, the nature and setting of obducted ophiolites remain controversial: the influence of supra-subduction zone environments on pre-existing oceanic lithosphere is yet to assess, and the processes leading to subduction/obduction initiation are still poorly constrained. Our study documents successive influx of slab-derived fluids and progressive strain localization within the upper mantle in a supra-subduction environment during the first few My of the subduction history. We focus on strongly sheared mafic amphibolites intruding peridotites near the mantle–crust transition of the New Caledonia obducted ophiolite and ~ 50 to 100 m above the basal thrust contact of the ophiolite. These m- to hm-long and several m-thick shear bands are interpreted as inherited small-scale intrusions of mafic melts, probably dikes or sills, which were derived from a moderately refractory mantle source refertilized by supra-subduction zone fluids. 40Ar/39Ar age constraints on pargasite at ca. 90 Ma suggest that they could be inherited from the former Pacific west-dipping subduction.Secondary deformation of these mafic intrusions is intimately associated to three major stages of fluid infiltration: (1) the first stage of deformation and metasomatism is marked by syn-kinematic growth of Ca-amphibole (at 700–800 °C and 3–5 kbar) with a distinctive supra-subduction zone signature, and controlled later channelization of aqueous fluids. 40Ar/39Ar dating on magnesio-hornblende indicates that this deformation episode occurred at ca. 55 Ma, coincident with east-dipping subduction initiation; (2) the main metasomatic stage, characterized by the development of a phlogopite-rich matrix wrapping peridotites and amphibolite boudins, points to the percolation of alkali-rich aqueous fluids at still high temperature (650–750 °C); (3) the last, low temperature (< 600 °C) metasomatic stage results in the formation of deformed veinlets containing talc, chlorite and serpentine.
ISSN: 0024-4937

hal-01306664
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01306664
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01306664/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01306664/file/Soret_2016_Strain_localization.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.lithos.2015.11.022

Éditeur(s) : Kurz & Allison Kurz & Allison ( Chicago )
Bahamas

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.
1987-250-1

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
The increased expression of the Disintegrin and Metalloprotease ADAM12 has been associated with human cancers, however its role remain unclear. We have previously reported that ADAM12 expression is induced by the transforming growth factor, TGF-β and promotes TGF-β-dependent signaling through interaction with the type II receptor of TGF-β. Here we explore the implication of ADAM12 in TGF-β-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a key process in cancer progression. We show that ADAM12 expression is correlated with EMT markers in human breast cancer cell lines and biopsies. Using a non-malignant breast epithelial cell line (MCF10A), we demonstrate that TGF-β-induced EMT increases expression of the membrane-anchored ADAM12L long form. Importantly, ADAM12L overexpression in MCF10A is sufficient to induce loss of cell-cell contact, reorganization of actin cytoskeleton, up-regulation of EMT markers and chemoresistance. These effects are independent of the proteolytic activity but require the cytoplasmic tail and are specific of ADAM12L since overexpression of ADAM12S failed to induce similar changes. We further demonstrate that ADAM12L-dependent EMT is associated with increased phosphorylation of Smad3, Akt and ERK proteins. Conversely, inhibition of TGF-β receptors or ERK activities reverses ADAM12L-induced mesenchymal phenotype. Together our data demonstrate that ADAM12L is associated with EMT and contributes to TGF-β-dependent EMT by favoring both Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-01207281
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01207281
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0139179
PUBMED : 26407179

Résumé : Les bactéries appartenant au genre Vibrio sont largement répandues en milieu côtier tropical et tempéré. Certaines espèces sont pathogènes pour l'homme, comme Vibrio cholerae 01 et 0139 responsables du choléra, ou V. cholerae non-01/non-0139, V. parahaemolyticus et V. vulnificus impliqués dans de nombreuses pathologies (gastro-entérites, des septicémies et autres infections). En France, le risque associé à la présence de vibrions en milieu marin est mal évalué. Ce rapport fait le bilan des données disponibles sur la contamination littorale et les infections à vibrions en France. Une large place a été consacrée aux études écologiques, réalisées sur les sites d'implantation des centrales nucléaires sur le littoral français. Dans la population, le nombre d'infections est restreint car seules les pathologies graves sont recensées. Il s'agit de cas isolés, le plus souvent immuno-déprimés, enregistrés en été et en automne. Le milieu marin (par contact, baignade ou consommation de produits de la mer) est très souvent cité comme source probable de la contamination. Un petit nombre d'espèces de vibrions est concerné (V. alginolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae non-01/non-0139 et V. hollisae). Dans l'environnement marin, l'espèce dominante est V. alginolyticus ; V. vulnificus et V. parahaemolyticus sont détectés sporadiquement. Le suivi, pendant plus de dix ans, des effets d'un réchauffement artificiel des eaux littorales à Gravelines a souligné des modifications sur les populations de Vibrio marins (présence des Vibrio en hiver, augmentation de la densité bactérienne et de la diversité spécifique). Le développement de techniques de biologie moléculaire devrait permettre une meilleure évaluation du risque sanitaire en quantifiant et en caractérisant les vibrions présents en milieu côtier (stade viable non cultivable, maintien du pouvoir pathogène et virulence des souches présentes).

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00104/21545/19124.pdf
DOI:Ifremer 2002
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00104/21545/

Éditeur(s) : Inter-Research
Résumé : The marine environment is of special interest for studying hybridization between closely related taxa because of the high dispersal potential of planktonic larvae, such as those of most bivalve species. The oysters Crassostrea angulata and C. gigas are known to be very close genetically and entirely inter-fertile under controlled conditions. However, hybridization in the wild had not been investigated, mainly due to the lack of nuclear diagnostic markers. In the present paper, we first estimated genetic differentiation between these 2 closely related taxa using 8 microsatellite markers. Interestingly, 5 markers displayed significant differences of allele size between taxa. The subsequent sequencing of alleles of one of these microsatellites showed several mutational events, which suggested null alleles and homoplasy. The presence of 1 insertion/deletion event in its 5' flanking sequence enabled us to design a new bi-allelic ('C' and 'NC') nuclear PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (-RFLP) marker (CG44R). This, together with a mitochondrial DNA marker, was used to analyze populations of C. angulata and C. gigas. The CG44R allele frequencies were very different between C. angulata (f[C] = 0.91) and C. gigas (f[NC] = 0.92) populations. This analysis also provided evidence for hybridization between C. angulata and C. gigas in a wild Portuguese population where the 2 taxa are in contact due to recent transportation of C. gigas stocks for aquacultural production. Our results represent the first indication of hybridization between these 2 taxa in the natural environment, and contribute to knowledge of the evolutionary history of the Crassostrea genus.
Marine Ecology Progress Series (0171-8630) (Inter-Research), 2004 , Vol. 272 , P. 141-152

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2004/publication-3355.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/3355/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
A key element of the biomechanical design of trees is their ability to generate largemechanical stresses in wood at the stem periphery. This function is necessary for the tree tocontrol the orientation of its axes, and therefore to grow in height, maintain its branches at anoptimal angle or achieve adaptive reorientations (Fournier et al., 2013). This “maturationstress” appears in wood fibres during their cellular maturation when their secondary cell wallis thickening. In hardwoods, the stress asymmetry is generated by the formation of specificfibres with a very high tensile growth stress on the upper side of the inclined axis. Theresulting tension wood has microstructural features highly different from the normal wood.Tension wood in almost all temperate species has a specific gelatinous cell wall layer, calledG-layer, that is not lignified and highly mesoporous (Chang et al., 2015). It has been shownrecently, at the macroscopic scale, that cellulose tension appears during maturation and issynchronous with the development of this specific layer (Clair et al., 2011). Tropical species,like simarouba, are able to generate lignified tension wood fibres. The mechanisms of stressgeneration in tension wood fibres are not yet well known. The aim of our study is tounderstand these mechanisms and to know the spatial and temporal kinetics of the differentcell wall layers stiffening during maturation, in parallel with tensile stress generation.Contact-Resonance Atomic Force Microscopy, CR-AFM, was used here to address thisquestion on embedded samples (Arnould and Arinero, 2015) using dual resonance frequencytracking (DRFT, Rodriguez et al., 2007). Change in the contact modulus between, and within,each layer of the cell wall has been measured on several radial lines of developing fibres atdifferent steps. In order to understand the obtained results, and to estimate the sensitivity ofthe AFM indentation-like technique to the different cell wall components stiffness, an elasticanisotropic indentation model was used (Vlassak et al., 2003; Jäger et al., 2011). Finally,these mechanical measurements have been compared to topochemical data obtained on thesame fibres.
8th Plant Biomechanics International Conference
Nagoya, Japan

hal-01436113
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01436113

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD ACS American Chemical Society - Publications
Résumé : International audience
ABSTRACT: In this paper, the structural, optical and thermal properties of n-type (100),p-type (100) and (111) mesoporous silicon (MePSi) are reported. The mesoporous silicon wasprepared by an electrochemical process from bulk silicon wafer. Depending on the etchingdepth, analyses show that the porosity of p-type (111) increased by 32 to 40% compared to p(100) which, in turn, increased by 22 to 48% compared to n-type (100). The structuremorphology and the abundance of Si-Ox and Si-Hy also depended heavily on the type andcrystal orientation of MePSi. The thermal properties of the MePSi layers such as thermalconductivity (κ), volumetric heat capacity (ρCp) and thermal contact resistance (Rth) weredetermined using the pulsed photothermal method. The thermal conductivity of bulk silicondropped sharply after etching, decreasing by more than twenty-fold in the case of n-type (100)and by over forty-five fold for p-type (100) and (111). According to the percolation modeldepending on both porosity and phonon confinement, the drop in thermal conductivity wasmainly due to the nanostructure formation after etching. Thermal investigations showed thatthe volumetric heat capacity (ρCp) followed the barycentric model which depends mainly onthe porosity. The thermal contact resistances of MePSi layers were estimated to be in therange of 1x10-8 to 1x10-7 K⋅m2⋅W-1.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C

hal-01495490
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01495490
DOI : 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b13101

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : The Erro-Tobbio peridotites (Voltri Massif, Ligurian Alps) represent subcontinental lithospheric mantle tectonically exhumed during Permo-Mesozoic extension of the Europe-Adria lithosphere. Previous studies have shown that exhumation started during Permian times, and occurred along kilometer-scale lithospheric shear zones which enhanced progressive deformation and recrystallization from spinel- to plagioclase-facies conditions. Ongoing field and petrologic investigations have revealed that the peridotites experienced, during uplift, a composite history of diffuse melt migration and multiple episodes of ultramafic-mafic intrusions. In this paper we present the results of field, structural and petrologic-geochemical investigations into a sector of the Erro-Tobbio peridotite unit that preserves well this multiple intrusion history. Melt impregnation in the peridotites is evidenced by significant plagioclase enrichment and crystallization of unstrained orthopyroxene replacing kinked mantle olivine and clinopyroxene; impregnating melts were thus opx-saturated. Melt-rock interaction caused chemical changes in mantle minerals (e.g. Al decrease and REE increase in cpx; Ti and Cr# enrichment in spinel). Nevertheless, clinopyroxenes still exhibit LREE depletion (Ce;N;/Sm;N; = 0.006-0.011), indicating a depleted signature for the percolating melts. Melt impregnation was thus related to diffuse porous flow migration of depleted MORB-type melt fractions that modified their compositions towards opx saturation by mantle-melt interaction during ascent. The impregnated peridotites are intruded by a hectometer-scale stratified cumulate body, mostly consisting of troctolites and plagioclase wehrlites, showing gradational, interfingered contacts with the host mantle rocks. Subsequent intrusion events are revealed by the occurrence of olivine gabbros as decameter-wide lenses, variably thick (centimeter- to meter-scale) dykes and thin dykelets, which crosscut both the peridotite foliation and the magmatic layering in the cumulates. Overall, major and trace element compositions of minerals in the intrusives indicate that they represent variably differentiated cumulus products crystallized from rather primitive N-MORB-type aggregated melts. Slightly more evolved compositions are shown by olivine gabbros, relative to the troctolites and plagioclase wehrlites of the cumulate body. Mineral chemistry features (e.g. the Fo-An correlation and high Na, Ti, Mg# in cpx) indicate that the studied intrusive rocks crystallized at moderate pressure conditions (3-5 kbar, i.e. 9-15 km depth). Our study thus points to a progressive transition from porous flow melt migration to emplacement of magmas in fractures, presumably related to progressive change of lithospheric mantle rheology during extension-related uplift and cooling.
ISSN: 0024-4937

hal-00407669
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00407669
DOI : 10.1016/j.lithos.2006.06.014