Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : The field campaign on the Sète coast deployed during the winter 2009 was used to understand the hydrodynamics on a double barred beach in the surf zone during storm periods. The large set of measurements collected at several position and depth were also useful to improve the 3D circulation model Symphonie that takes into account the atmospherics and wave forcings. Once implemented on the beach and supplemented with some additional parameterizations concerning the roller effects and the bottom friction, the model was tuned and validated in the surf zone. The role of the different processes was then analysed. Thus, the roller and the bottom friction are of primary importance in the dynamics of the circulation. Thanks to its 3D nature and once associated with a sediment transport model and a morphodynamic model, Symphonie will offer a good representation of the sediment transport.
Coastal Dynamics 2013
Arcachon, France

hal-00855035
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00855035

Éditeur(s) : Littoral 2004, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK, September 2004
Résumé : NAMIBIE (a french acronym for Integrated Multimedia Navigator Within Coastal Environment Data Bases) is a specific tool which first concept has been established by Ifremer and has been developped by an association between research in the field of coastal environment, innovation in the field of new information and communication technologies and services in the field of coastal integrated management and impact studies. The objectives of this tool are to facilitate research, direct access and display of relevant multimedia coastal integrated data and information according to an interactive, widely opened and playfull interface. The principles are based upon the fact that sustainable decision making needs an optimized unterstanding of coastal processes and better consultation between actors. In this purpose the development of the tool has considered that the end-user should and could be free to look after the data and the information he needs for a particular site or environment of interest and for a specific ICZM question according to easy navigation interfaces. That is why NAMIBIE concept is based upon : - a coherent 3D representation of the coasts (i.e. from catchement areas to continental shelf and deep sea), which considers a coherent DEM from land to sea and textural representation of the environment using satellite imagery textural displays, - a 3D navigator which allows the user to fly or dive over and within the coastal environment of interest, - a multimedia database (text, graphs, image, maps, geographic objects, modelling results...) specific to the territory of interest, - an interactive interface which helps in finding relevant information associated to specific questions. The technologies used include VRML data format, integration of standard GIS format (shp, grid, img) within the navigator, integration and display of modelling data. The production chain is realized in C++ and Java scripts allow dialogue between web pages and 3D windows. Applications are presented on the coasts of Languedoc Roussillon region (French Mediterranean border) in the framework of ICZM problematics

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00089/20055/17696.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00089/20055/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
We have discovered in a marine core, located 20 km east of the Coastal Range of Taiwan at the top of a 1200 m deep submarine high, sheltered from rivers discharges and gravitational flows, a 23 cm-thick anomalous sequence topped with broken bivalves and wood fragments. Based on radiocarbon dating, we distinguish five sub-events within ∼ 100 yrs, about 3000 years ago. The oldest four sub-events are interpreted as the record of local submarine landslides, likely triggered by clustered earthquakes that are common in this tectonically active area. The last event including shells and wood has a different origin. Despite the high level of climatic and tectonic recent activity, no comparable event has been observed at the same site since that time, making it unique during the last 3.75 ka. Hydrodynamical modeling stimulated with a set of submarine landslide-triggered tsunami sources and combined with the regional oceanic circulation dominated by the Kuroshio Current, allow us to better constrain the transport paths of the suspended material, the expected run-up at the coast, and ultimately the trigger and source that best fit our observations. The Kuroshio Current appears as a strong constraint that generally prevents cross-shore transport of suspended material even during a major tsunami. Since the largest aerial debris flow observed along the east coast of Taiwan during the last 4 ka was synchronous with the marine deposit, our preferred scenario starts with the occurrence of four distinct large earthquakes within less than a century, triggering both submarine and aerial landslides in the study area. Then, a giant typhoon reworked the nearshore material as well as the slided material stored upstream resulting in a debris flow. It deeply modified the surface current, allowing the wood debris and shells to fastly reach the core site.
ISSN: 0040-1951

hal-01467640
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01467640
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2015.11.001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
The effects of biodiversity on the transmission of infectious diseases now stand as a cornerstone of many public health policies. The upper Amazonia and Guyana shield are hot-spots of biodiversity that offer genuine opportunities to explore the relationship between the risk of transmission of Chagas disease and the diversity of its triatomine vectors. Over 730 triato-mines were light-trapped in four geomorphological landscapes shaping French-Guiana, and we determined their taxonomic status and infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. We used a model selection approach to unravel the spatial and temporal variations in species abundance , diversity and infection. The vector community in French-Guiana is typically made of one key species (Panstrongylus geniculatus) that is more abundant than three secondary species combined (Rhodnius pictipes, Panstrongylus lignarius and Eratyrus mucronatus), and four other species that complete the assemblage. Although the overall abundance of adult triatomines does not vary across French-Guiana, their diversity increases along a coastal-inland gradient. These variations unravelled a non-monotonic relationship between vector biodiversity and the risk of transmission of Chagas disease, so that intermediate biodiversity levels are associated with the lowest risks. We also observed biannual variations in triatomine abundance, representing the first report of a biannual pattern in the risk of Cha-gas disease transmission. Those variations were highly and negatively correlated with the average monthly rainfall. We discuss the implications of these patterns for the transmission of T. cruzi by assemblages of triatomine species, and for the dual challenge of controlling Amazonian vector communities that are made of both highly diverse and mostly intrusive species.
ISSN: 1935-2727

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
hal-01298091
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01298091
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01298091/document
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01298091/file/journal.pntd.0004427.PDF
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004427

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Academic Press
Résumé : International audience
Marines Protected Areas (MPAs) are commonly used around the world as management tools to promote the sustainable use of marine resources. It is assumed that MPAs secure human livelihoods and well-being by protecting marine ecosystems and ecosystem services. However, the links between ecological effects of MPAs and services have rarely been explored. Here we review the different impacts of MPAs on ecosystem functioning and service provision. Results highlight that empirical evidence for positive effects of MPAs on ecosystem service provision by coastal marine ecosystems is accumulating. Finally, we identified knowledge gaps on which future research efforts could focus and empower marine resource managers to make more informed decisions and maximize the value derived from their natural resource base.
Aquatic Functional Biodiversity: an Ecological and Evolutionary Perspective

ISBN : 978-0-12-417015-5
hal-01199217
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01199217
DOI : 10.1016/B978-0-12-417015-5.00009-8

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
With only a narrow opening through the Gibraltar and Suez Canals, the Mediterranean Sea is one of thelargest semi-enclosed seas. The marine flora and fauna are some of the richest in the world, relative to itssize, particularly in the coastal habitats, which are also characterized by numerous endemic speciesalthough the introduction of non-indigenous species threatens its rich and unique biodiversity. Followingthe opening of the Suez Canal, and in combination with shipping and aquaculture activities, nonindigenousspecies (NIS) introduction has had measurable impacts on the Mediterranean. Lagoon ecosystemsalong the French coastline, with approx. 100 NIS identified, are considered hot-spot areas forthese species. Rapid assessment sampling for sessile benthic species together with DNA barcoding is arapid, easy and cheap method to detect non-indigenous species. Two nearby and different ecosystemswere sampled for invertebrate species: Saint-Nazaire lagoon, a Special Protection Area within the Natura2000 Network and Canet port, a marina in a small village. The DNA barcoding tool for species identificationwas used for confirming the taxonomy. This showed that, despite the Saint-Nazaire Lagoonclassification within the Natura 2000 network, it is already contaminated with a single NIS that wasfound in high densities and is clearly beginning to dominate the system. It is proposed that a rapidassessment of the sampled environment and the DNA barcode approach are efficient and can providesufficient information on the new target species to be used in conservation planning and ongoingmanagement efforts.
ISSN: 0272-7714

hal-01488926
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01488926
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecss.2017.02.004

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : The coastal intrusion of brine threatens populations. This is particularly prejudicial in carbonate environments. We have studied the Miocene coral reef of S-E Majorca for better understanding the relation between geological structure and intrusion. For that purpose, we have used multi-scalar and multi-disciplinary methods. The measurements in 25 boreholes over the whole coral platform have allowed defining the stratigraphic structure and some elements of the regional tectonic. The reef progrades in the NE-SW direction, starting from the Aquitanian to terminates at the Messinian. The Messinian Salinity Crisis involves a disappearance of the Mediterranean corals and results in a Terminal Carbonate Complex which overlays a great part of the previously living corals of Majorca. At the experimental site scale, the study of the mineral composition, the texture, and the diagenesis have allowed characterization of the carbonate sequence heterogeneity. Layers of mineralization accompanied by dolomitization and low porosity correspond to postdepositional eustatic levels. The causes for the existence and the orientation of fractures are studied. The permeability to porosity relation is approached. The porosity structure is studied by comparison between primary and secondary porosity. This study contributes to the knowledge of the world best documented site for the evolution of carbonate reef reservoirs, with applications for brine intrusion and for hydrocarbon extraction.
Les intrusions d'eau salée en zone côtière constituent une menace pour la population. Celles-ci sont particulièrement dommageables en contexte carbonaté. Nous avons étudié le récif corallien Miocène du sud-est de Majorque afin de comprendre la relation entre structure géologique et intrusion. Pour cela nous avons utilisé des méthodes multi-scalaires et multi-disciplinaires. Les mesures dans 25 forages sur l'ensemble de la plateforme corallienne ont permis de préciser la structure stratigraphique et certains éléments de la tectonique régionale. Le récif prograde dans la direction NE-SO, en partant de l'Aquitanien pour aboutir au Messinien. La Crise de Salinité Messinienne entraîne une disparition des coraux méditerranéens et se traduit par un Complexe Carbonaté Terminal qui s'étend sur une grande partie des coraux autrefois vivants de Majorque. A l'échelle du site expérimental, l'étude de la composition minérale, de la texture et de la diagenèse ont permis de caractériser l'hétérogénéité de la séquence carbonatée. Des couches de minéralisation accompagnées de dolomitisation et de faible porosité correspondent à différents niveaux eustatiques post-dépositionnels. Les causes de l'existence et de l'orientation des fractures sont étudiées. La relation de perméabilité à porosité est précisée. La structure de porosité est étudiée par comparaison entre la porosité primaire et la porosité secondaire. Cette étude contribue à la connaissance du site le mieux documenté au monde pour l'évolution des réservoirs carbonatés récifaux, avec applications pour les intrusions d'eau salée et l'extraction des hydrocarbures.
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440019

tel-00440019
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440019
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440019/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440019/file/thesemariasube.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
This paper focuses on the analyses of the clastic sedimentary infill of the Coastal Plain of Eastern Mexico, which initiated synchronously with the Laramide orogeny in the vicinity of the Golden Lane. Results of these analyses are used as boundary conditions for calibrating/interpreting seismic profiles across more distal depocenters in the offshore of the Gulf of Mexico, from the sea shore and continental slope in the west to the abyssal plain in the east. The objective of the study is to better predict the reservoir distribution in the Deep offshore Basin of the Gulf of Mexico (DBGM), in order to explore for petroleum. The Coastal Plain is underlain by three morpho-tectonic domains: the tectonic front of the Sierra Madre Orientale (SMO), the Chicontepec deep water flexural basin, and the Tuxpan Platform (also known as the Golden Lane). Each domain is characterized by a distinct, dominantly siliciclastic Cenozoic lithostratigraphy. After a Jurassic rifting episode, followed by thermal subsidence, the oceanic basin and its western passive margin were deformed during the Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene, by far field stresses associated with the Cordilleran-Laramide Orogeny. Starting in the Late Cretaceous-Early Paleogene and during the Early Eocene, the tectonic load associated with the Laramide Orogen (Sierra Madre Oriental, SMO) caused flexural subsidence of the foreland located under the Coastal Plain. During this period, a massive transfer of siliciclastic sediments occurred from the Laramide foothills into the adjacent foreland. Sediments were eroded of the Sierra Madre tectonic wedge. Loading by these sediments pushed source units associated with the former passive margin down ward. The first syn-tectonic sediments of the Laramide orogeny were turbiditic silt layers in submarine fans which record also numerous collapse episodes and gravity slides. During the Late Eocene and Oligocene, the flexural subsidence stopped in the hinterland, whereas the subsidence of the passive margin resumed. This resulted in a change in the overall sedimentary architecture of the basin. Paleo-highs and reefs facies of the Golden Lane were flooded. Clastics by-passed the reefs and progradational clastic stratification formed as sediment moved towards the DBGM in the east. The final depositional environment of the continental platform/Coastal Plain became deltaic, marked by a succession of sand bars, levees and channels systems. From Miocene times onward, a system of gravitational listric faults developed near the platform to slope transition, resulting in a coeval compressional system at the transition between the slope and the abyssal plain. This system is driven by sediments charge. Because the sedimentation rate is larger than the subsidence, a large amount of clastics and slumped sediments are deposited in hangingwall basins.
ISSN: 0264-8172

hal-00424586
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00424586
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.03.009

Résumé : Ifremer launched and coordinated the development of a strategy for the REBENT network (REseau BENThique) in 2000 to monitor the aftermath of the "Erika" oil spill in December 1999. Its aim is to provide consistent baseline knowledge about coastal benthic habitats and constitute a monitoring tool to detect changes at various scales over time and space. Sector-based seabed habitat mapping in shallow water (< 50 m deep), is currently being conducted throughout Brittany's coastal waters through a combination of geoacoustic marine systems and ground-truthing using biological grab sampling and seabed observations. Sedimentological and biological results on Glenan area emphasize a great diversity of subtidal habitats and marine species recognized. Sidescan imagery accentuates the complexity of the communities structure in a marine environment distinguished by strong and regulary roughness of the sea. Maerl biocenose is present at the nord-east of the archipelago. Progressively it gives way to mud sediment colonized by Amphiura filiformis and Haploops in the deeper channel. To the west and the south, substratum types are more coarse, occasionally mobiles, composed of essentially sand community with Nephtys and gravelly sand community with Branchiostoma lanceolatum.
Le Rebent (Réseau benthique), initié en 2000 à la suite de la catastrophe de l'Erika, a pour objectif de suivre les habitats benthiques côtiers et de détecter les changements à différentes échelles de temps et d'espace. L'approche sectorielle dans les petits fonds (< 50 m) des côtes bretonnes combine, des moyens de prospection acoustique, afin de délimiter les principaux types de substrats, avec des prélèvements et des observations biologiques pour caractériser les peuplements macrobenthiques. Les résultats des analyses sédimentologiques et faunistiques montrent autour de l'archipel des Glénan, une grande diversité d'habitats et d'espèces reconnues. L'imagerie acoustique fait ressortir la complexité de leur structuration dans un environnement marin soumis à de fortes et régulières périodes d'agitation. La biocénose de maërl occupe le nord-est de l'archipel. Elle laisse place progressivement aux sédiments envasés à Amphiura filiformis et aux vases à Haploops dans le fond du chenal. A l'ouest et au sud, les subtrats sont plus grossiers, essentiellement sableux à Nephtys et sablo-graveleux à Branchiostoma lanceolatum, épisodiquement mobiles.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/rapport-2301.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/sup-2301.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/2301/

Éditeur(s) : Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd
Résumé : Cooperation between the social and natural sciences has become essential in order to encompass all the dimensions of coastal zone management. Socio-economic approaches are increasingly recommended to complement integrated assessment in support of these initiatives. A systematic review of the academic literature was carried out in order to analyze the main types of socio-economic assessments used to inform the coastal zone management process as well as their effectiveness. A corpus of 1682 articles published between 1992 and 2011 was identified by means of the representative coverage approach, from which 170 were selected by applying inclusion/exclusion criteria and then classified using a content analysis methodology. The percentage of articles that mention the use of socio-economic assessment in support of coastal zone management initiatives is increasing but remains relatively low. The review examines the links between the issues addressed by integrated assessments and the chosen analytical frameworks as well as the various economic assessment methods which are used in the successive steps of the coastal zone management process. The results show that i) analytical frameworks such as 'risk and vulnerability', 'DPSIR', 'valuation', 'ecosystem services' and 'preferences' are likely to lead to effective integration of social sciences in coastal zone management research while 'integration', 'sustainability' and 'participation' remain difficult to operationalize, ii) risk assessments are insufficiently implemented in developing countries, and iii) indicator systems in support of multi-criteria analyses could be used during more stages of the coastal zone management process. Finally, it is suggested that improved collaboration between science and management would require that scientists currently involved in coastal zone management processes further educate themselves in integrated assessment approaches and participatory methodologies.
Journal Of Environmental Management (0301-4797) (Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd), 2015-02-01 , Vol. 149 , P. 85-96

Droits : 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00255/36598/35167.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.10.018
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00255/36598/

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : For Norwegians the name of our country is based on a route - "the way to the North" - and this was not a built route but using of the coast-line itself. As long as the boats and ships were the main means of travel this coastal way - "Nor-way" - was the main communication basis for most people, and for transport of goods. But even in the interior of the country, water, namely rivers and lakes were the main structures for communication. The lakes were most efficient for transport during the cold winters, by sledges on the frozen surfaces.When new means of transport took over most of the traffic, however, sea, lakes and rivers in many ways became obstacles instead of means of communication (?). This gave the government and others new challenges. In the sailing period up to the end of the eighteen hundreds, boats and harbors were the investment focus and sailors were recruited in every community from the age of 15. This meant that in a remote area at the Arctic Circle there were plenty of people who have been sailing around most of the work and could easily be hosts of visitors.This paper is mostly focusing on "how to market and develop these beautiful coastal areas to travelers using either their own cars, bikes, boats or collective transport". What types of geographical units are suited for marketing and developing such areas and how might local producers of accommodation, food & beverages, crafts, activities and arts be included in such organizations. The main focus will be on the work of organization "Kystriksvegen Reiseliv AS" that have been working with these challenges for closed to two decades. What have their successes and obstacles been and how have they been able to operate a sustainable business on a long coastal route with many car ferries, small islands, fjords and mountains and more than twenty municipalities.
Pour les Norvégiens, le nom de notre pays est basé sur un itinéraire - «le chemin vers le Nord» - et ce n'était pas une route construite, mais qui repose sur la ligne de côte elle-même. Tant que les bateaux et les navires étaient le principal moyen de déplacement de cette façon côtière – "Nor-way" - était la base principale de communication pour la plupart des gens et pour le transport de marchandises, et même à l'intérieur du pays, l'eau, à savoir les rivières et les lacs étaient les principales structures de communication. Les lacs sont les plus efficaces pour le transport pendant les hivers froids, par traîneaux sur les surfaces gelées.Avec l’arrivée des nouveaux moyens de transport, la mer, les lacs et les rivières à bien des égards, sont devenus obstacles (?). Cela a donné de nouveaux défis au gouvernement. A l’époque de la voile jusqu'à la fin des dix-huit centaines, des bateaux et des ports ont été l'objet d'investissements et les marins ont été recrutés dans toutes les collectivités dès l’âge de 15 ans. Cela signifie que dans une région éloignée dans le cercle arctique, il y avait beaucoup de gens qui étaient navigateurs et pouvaient facilement être les hôtes de visiteurs.Ce document est principalement axé sur «la façon de commercialiser et de développer ces belles régions côtières de voyageurs qui utilisent soit leurs propres voitures, motos, bateaux ou de transports collectifs». Quels types d'unités géographiques sont adaptés pour la commercialisation et le développement de ces régions ? Comment les producteurs locaux d'hébergement, de nourriture et de boissons, d’artisanat, les activités et les arts sont inclus dans ces organisations ? L'accent principal sera mis sur le travail de l’organisation "Reiseliv AS Kystriksvegen" qui a travaillé sur ces défis de fermeture depuis deux décennies. Quelles ont été leurs réussites et obstacles, et comment ont-ils pu exploiter une entreprise durable sur une longue route côtière avec des car-ferries, de nombreuses petites îles, des fjords et des montagnes et plus d’une vingtaine de municipalités.
Norvège

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.5286
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/5286

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Masson
Résumé : International audience
In French Guiana, the age-standardized incidence rate of cervical cancer is four times higher than in France and the mortality rate 5.5 times higher. A survival study revealed that stage at diagnosis was the main factor influencing the prognosis, showing that early detection is crucial to increase cervical cancer survival. The present study aimed at evaluating the cervical cancer screening rate between 2006 and 2011 by age and for 3-years period in French Guiana. All pap smears realised in French Guiana were analysed in two laboratories allowing exhaustive review of screening data. The screening rate was estimated at about 54% from 2006 to 2011, with a statistical difference between coastal and rural area (56.3% versus 18.7%).Although the methodological difference did not allow comparisons with mainland France, these results could be used to evaluate the impact of organised cervical cancer screening by the French Guiana Association for Organized Screening of Cancers implemented in French Guiana since 2012.
ISSN: 0037-9085

hal-01260391
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01260391
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01260391/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01260391/file/2015%2C%20Douine%20-%20Servical%20cancer.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Editions Paralia CFL
Résumé : Des techniques d'optimisation de formes sont utilisées dans des problèmes du Génie Côtier pour la protection des plages. En collaboration avec le bureau d'étude Bas-Rhône Languedoc ingénierie, un projet d'aménagement concret de la plage du Lido de Sète, utilisant des ouvrages immergés en géotextile, a été étudié. Des solutions optimales, visant à réduire la mise en suspension des sédiments, pour les structures de défenses ont été obtenues à partir d'un modèle hydrodynamique de propagation de houle. Une étude complémentaire à partir d'un modèle de circulation et des travaux expérimentaux en canal à houle permettent ensuite de valider les résultats optimaux numériques obtenus. Shape optimization techniques, focusing on coastal structures design, are used to solve coastal engineering problem. In collaboration with the Bas-Rhône Languedoc engineering Company, a actual development plan concerning the beach of the Lido of Sète has been studied. Optimal solutions, aimed at reducing sediments suspended, for defense structures have been obtained with a hydrodynamic water wave model. An additional study using a circulation model and experimental works in flume tend to validate optimal numerical results.
ISSN: 1760-8716

hal-00854031
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00854031
DOI : 10.5150/jngcgc.2008.025-I

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
Patterns of connectivity and self-recruitment are recognized as key factors shaping the dynamics of marine populations. Connectivity is also essential for maintaining and restoring natural ecological processes with genetic diversity contributing to the adaptation and persistence of any species in the face of global disturbances. Estimates of connectivity are crucial to inform the design of both marine protected areas (MPAs) and MPA networks. Among several approaches, genetic structure is frequently used as a proxy for patterns of connectivity. Using 8 microsatellite loci, we investigated genetic structure of the two-banded sea bream Diplodus vulgaris, a coastal fish that is both commercially and ecologically important. Adults were sampled in 7 locations (stretches of coastline approximately 8 km long) and juveniles in 14 sites (~100 to 200 m of coastline) along 200 km of the Apulian Adriatic coast (SW Adri-atic Sea), within and outside an MPA (Torre Guaceto MPA, Italy). Our study found similar genetic diversity indices for both the MPA and the surrounding fished areas. An overall lack of genetic structure among samples suggests high gene flow (i.e. connectivity) across a scale of at least 200 km. However, some local genetic divergences found in two locations demonstrate some heterogeneity in processes renewing the population along the Apulian Adriatic coast. Furthermore, two sites appeared genetically divergent, reinforcing our observations within the genetic makeup of adults and confirming heterogeneity in early stage genetics that can come from either different supply populations or from chaotic genetic patchiness occurring under temporal variation in recruitment and in the reproductive success. While the specific role of the MPA is not entirely known in this case, these results confirm the presence of regional processes and the key role of connectivity in maintaining the local population supply.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-01442055
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01442055
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01442055/document
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01442055/file/journal.pone.0167441.pdf
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0167441.s009

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The behaviour of the four Ra isotopes (measured by gamma spectrometry) and 222Rn (measured with an AlphaGUARD ionisation chamber) has been investigated in NaCl-rich thermal waters of Balaruc-les-Bains on the Mediterranean coast (South of France). This study allows identification of the deep thermal water signature and reveals the influence of seawater or karst water inflows on Ra isotopes and 222Rn. The deep thermal water has 226Ra and 222Rn activities of 840 and 1900 mBq/l, respectively, a (228Ra/226Ra) activity ratio of 0.59, and low (224Ra/228Ra) and (223Ra/226Ra) ratios of 0.67 and 0.025, respectively. Several arguments suggest a dominant role of radioactive decay for short-lived Ra isotopes and Rn during the relatively rapid ascent of thermal water through wide open fractures and drains. The low (223Ra/226Ra) ratio constrains the maximum ascent velocity of thermal water to 8-10 m/h. Seawater inflow into the hydrothermal system results in an enrichment in short-lived Ra isotopes and 222Rn. The high (223Ra/226Ra) ratio (0.23) suggests that 223Ra, 224Ra and 222Rn produced by alpha-recoil in the upper-Jurassic limestone are entrained by seawater percolation through the coastal basement, due to active pumping in one of the near shore production well. This process would be enhanced by a low water/rock ratio (i.e. in a low-porosity, micro-fractured limestone). Mixing of this enriched seawater with thermal water induces barite precipitation with co-precipitation of a large fraction of Ra. Short-lived Ra isotopes may thus be useful tracers of seawater flux towards the continent. Conversely, the inflow and mixing of karst groundwater result in a general dilution of all dissolved elements, only a small enrichment in 224Ra and 223Ra, but a large enrichment in 222Rn (up to 26 Bq/l). The combination of Ra isotopes and 222Rn data provides a good way to trace the dynamics of different water masses along coastal areas.
ISSN: 0016-7037

hal-00795512
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00795512
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2012.09.010

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer International Publishing
Résumé : International audience
Understanding the formation processes of maritime archaeological sites and the maritime landscape in the French West Indies is a new challenge in underwater archaeology. This chapter presents an analysis of formation and conservation processes of maritime archaeological sites in Guadeloupe using evidence from both historical and archaeological research. Formation parameters include contemporary events associated with maritime loss and the in situ geophysical regime. Questions considered include: what natural and/or anthropogenic parameters best classify maritime sites in the context of the French West Indies landscape? And: how do these parameters vary by site location? Field-tested case studies are used to assess the archaeological potential for submerged shipwreck sites for three locational typologies within the landscape: submerged, coastal, and micro-island. Geomorphic parameters, including erosion, sea level evolution, and tectonic activity, are evaluated with regard to the formation of coastal Amerindian and colonial sites. The location of shipwrecks are primarily determined by historic patterns in commercial trade and by topographical constraints associated with accessibility, risk, and the presence of natural harbors, parameters important in the Caribbean. A unique feature of Guadeloupe is the high variability of the structure of the coastline through time. The recent discovery of numerous underwater prehistoric artifacts confirms that several islands, coastal areas, and their archaeological sites have been completely submerged or eroded since their formation. The characterization of these formation processes provides both academically interesting and practical information valuable in assessing the impact of development and urbanization in Guadeloupe’s maritime landscape.
Formation Processes of Maritime Archaeological Landscapes

hal-01448703
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01448703

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : La création d’une réserve marine au nord de la Martinique, dans la commune du Prêcheur, a donné lieu à une évaluation de la valeur économique des écosystèmes marins et côtiers (EMC) de la zone d’étude. La valeur économique totale (VET) obtenue est de l’ordre de 58 millions d’euros, soit près de 12 millions d’euros par km2. Cette valeur correspond à la somme des valeurs liées aux différents usages directs (pêche, excursion et plongée encadrée, pour l’essentiel), soit près de 3 millions d’euros, aux usages indirects provenant des services écologiques (protection côtière, séquestration carbone, production de biomasse et épuration des eaux, pour l’essentiel), soit environ 200 000 euros, et, à la valeur de non-usage associée à l’existence des écosystèmes et à la transmission de ce patrimoine naturel aux générations futures en dehors d’un quelconque usage présent et futur, soit près de 55 millions d’euros. La création de la réserve devrait engendrer une augmentation de cette valeur en améliorant les services écologiques et les usages ludiques.
The creation of a marine reserve in the north-western part of Martinique, located in the area of Prêcheur, has led to an economic valuation of marine and coastal ecosystems. The total economic value (TEV) has been estimated to about 58 million Euros annually, almost 12 million Euros by km². This value stands for the sum of values associated to: i) direct uses (fishing, diving, beach leisure, etc.) for almost 3 million Euros; ii) indirect uses originating from ecological services (water treatment and nutrient cycling, biomass productivity, carbon sequestration) for 200,000 Euros; and iii) non-uses associated to the existence and bequest to next generation of the natural capital without any consideration of use for about 55 million Euros. The creation of the marine reserve should lead to an increase of this value through an enhancement of ecological services of ecosystems and the non-extractive uses such as tourism and marine leisure.
Martinique

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.6620
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/6620

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Science Bv
Résumé : Coastal and estuarine systems provide nursery grounds for many marine fish species. Their productivity has been correlated with terrigeneous inputs entering the coastal-estuarine benthic food web, thereby favouring the establishment of fish juveniles. Studies in these ecosystems often describe the nursery as a single large habitat without verifying nor considering the presence of contiguous habitats. Our study aimed at identifying different habitats based on macrozoobenthic communities and morpho-sedimentary characteristics and assessing the trophic interactions between fish juveniles and their benthic preys within these habitats. It included 43 sampling sites covering 5 habitats in which we described taxonomically and quantitatively the invertebrates and fish communities with stable isotopes and gut contents. It suggested that the benthic common sole Solea solea displayed feeding plasticity at the population level, separating the juveniles (G0) from the older fish (G1) into different "feeding sub-populations". Size-based feeding plasticity was also observable in the spatial occupancy of that species in the studied bay. The demersal pouting, Trisopterus luscus, equally used the different habitats but displayed low feeding plasticity across and inside each habitat. Stable isotopes proved to be powerful tools to study the spatial distribution of trophic interactions in complex ecosystems like the bay of Vilaine and to define optimal habitats for fish that use the coastal-estuarine ecosystem as nursery grounds.
Journal Of Sea Research (1385-1101) (Elsevier Science Bv), 2013-08 , Vol. 81 , P. 40-48

Droits : 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00151/26226/24327.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.seares.2013.03.013
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00151/26226/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Coral reef resource systems are complex adaptive social-ecological systems providing vital and valuableecosystem services for human societies such as food provision, coastal protection and recreational activities.Their sustainability is questioned in many places around the world as they experience combined effects ofmultiple chronic anthropogenic and natural drivers at local to global scales. From a management perspective,there is a crucial need to understand how the impact of these drivers cascade through the social-ecologicalsystem components. This study develops a transdisciplinary and participatory approach to investigating thesocial-ecological dynamics of a Polynesian coral reef coastal system. A preliminary conceptual model using theDriver-Pressure-State-Impact (DPSI) framework is first being built through participatory modeling workshops.Then, pressure-state relationships are assessed with the help of empirical datasets as a first step towards thevalidation of the DPSI model. Results shows striking social-ecological interactions with different patterns in thelagoon and in the fore reef. Local management should be: (1) less resource-focused to account more specificallyto the existing typology of actors; (2) more spatially-explicit to better distinguish management objectives andactions for the lagoon and the fore reef sub-systems; and (3) more coordinated with terrestrial agencies for acoherent land-sea connection and integration that would both (i) account for existing land-sea interactions and(ii) better reflect the Polynesian cultural heritage that considers nature from ridge to reef as a whole. Suchconceptual models of social-ecological systems are a useful tool to build exploratory scenarios to ultimatelysupport planning decision-making processes.
ISSN: 0308-597X

hal-01491968
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01491968
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.01.014

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
At the Land-Sea interface, the mangrove forests represent unique but very threatened ecosystems. In the tropical island systems as to the biosphere scale, the mangrove forests and related biocenoses are relevant anthropization markers. The pressures and the direct and indirect damage are also multiple and varied. Generally, the coastal ecosystems of the French West Indies are in constant evolution. The effect of natural factors is increased by human activities. In these small, densely populated and urbanized areas, the mangrove forests are part of the last unoccupied areas. Faced with growing development needs, they represent an area to use, exploit and impact. The human footprint is high and sometimes it has irreversible consequences. The human impact mainly translates into the erosion of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Facing these imbalances, the study of the mangrove ecosystem using conservation ecology stands as an essential approach for the preservation of Martinique’s coastal ecosystems.
ISSN: 2277-8322

hal-01393660
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01393660