Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The advent of pen-based interfaces has led to the development of many applications concerning the analysis of a drawn shape. But a drawing is not only a shape. It is also all the gestures which constitutes the drawing activity, as well as their planning. Pen-based interfaces give us the possibility to analyze this dimension of sketching. We call this kind of analysis: procedural analysis. In this article, we will show how to identify the privileged drawing procedures of users by identifying a constant pattern despite a huge within-drawer variability in drawing procedures. After stating how to extract this constant pattern, we shall show how we can use those results into a drawing-based user identification method.
ICFHR 2012 - International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition
Bari, Italy

hal-00708708
https://hal.inria.fr/hal-00708708

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Masson
Résumé : Extension fractures of two types defined by the mean stress σ were generated in a synthetic rock analogue material. When σ is very small, the fractures are mode I cracks with smooth surfaces. At higher σ, these surfaces have plumose topography, with the amplitude increasing with σ. Both SEM observations and mechanical measurements show that fractures/discontinuities in the latter case are initiated as dilatancy localization bands. They form under tensile or slightly compressive normal stress and can be seen as running constitutive instabilities. The similarity between the plumose fractography of the experimental fractures and natural joints suggests similarity in the formation mechanism.
ISSN: 1631-0721

hal-00585886
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00585886
DOI : 10.1016/j.crme.2011.01.002

Résumé : Arsenic levels of in the marine environment are high in comparison with other contaminants. Over the past twenty years, a large number of arsenic organic compounds have been identified in the water, sediments and living species. This document constitutes a synthesis of current knowledge on arsenic sources, and contamination levels, on its biogeochemical cycle as well as its toxic effects on human and marine fauna. This paper highlights in particular the effects of phosynthesis on arsenic speciation and its distribution throughout the marine environment. Problems of toxicity in the case of certain phyto- and zooplankton species are identified. Bioaccumulation in seaweeds, molluscs and fishes is documented as well, with special attention to the species encountered in the French coastal waters.
Les niveaux de présence de l'arsenic en milieu marin sont élevés comparativement à d'autres contaminants. Depuis une vingtaine d'années, de nombreux composés organiques de l'arsenic ont été identifiés dans l'eau, les sédiments et les espèces vivantes. Le présent document constitue une synthèse des connaissances sur les sources et les niveaux de contamination, le cycle biogéochimique, les effets toxiques pour l'homme et les espèces marines. L'accent est mis notamment sur les effets de la photosynthèse sur la spéciation de cet élément et sur sa distribution dans le milieu. Les problèmes de toxicité pour certaines espèces phyto- et zooplanctonniques sont identifiés. La bioaccumulation chez les algues, les mollusques et les poissons est bien documentée, avec une attention particulière pour les espèces présentes dans les eaux côtières françaises.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1993/rapport-1448.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1448/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Chemical Society
Résumé : International audience
Constitutive activation of the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway contributes to carcinogenesis and metastasis in most, if not all, breast cancers. From a chromene backbone reported to inhibit class I PI3K catalytic subunits, several rounds of chemical syntheses led to the generation of a new collection of chromologues that showed enhanced ability to kill PI3K-addicted cancer cells and to inhibit Akt phosphorylation at serine 473, a hallmark of PI3K/mTOR activation. This initial screen uncovered a chromene designated DHM25 that exerted potent antitumor activity against breast tumor cell lines. Strikingly, DHM25 was shown to be a selective and covalent inhibitor of mTOR using biochemical and cellular analyses, modeling, and a large panel of kinase activity assays spanning the human kinome (243 kinases). Finally, in vivo, this novel drug was an efficient inhibitor of growth and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer cells, paving the way for its clinical application in oncology
ISSN: 0022-2623

hal-01187307
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01187307
DOI : 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00991
PUBMED : 26237138

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : The uppermost mantle in back arc regions is the site of complex interactions between partial melting, melt percolation, and fluid migration. To constrain these interactions and evaluate their consequences on geochemical cycles, we carried out an in situ trace element and water study of a suite of spinel peridotite xenoliths from two regions of the Japan back arc system, Ichinomegata (NE Japan) and Oki-Dogo (SW Japan), using LA-ICPMS and FTIR spectrometry, respectively. This study provides the first full dataset of trace element and hydrogen compositions in peridotites including analyses of all their main constitutive silicate minerals: olivine, orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene. The Ichinomegata peridotites sample a LREE-depleted refractory mantle (Mg# olivine = 0.90; Cr# spinel = 0.07–0.23; Yb clinopyroxene = 7.8–13.3 × C1-chondrite, and La/Yb clinopyroxene = 0.003–0.086 × C1-chondrite), characterized by Th-U positive anomalies and constant values of Nb/Ta. The composition of the studied Ichinomegata samples is consistent with that of an oceanic mantle lithosphere affected by cryptic metasomatic interactions with hydrous/aqueous fluids (crypto-hydrous metasomatism). In contrast, the Oki-Dogo peridotites have low Mg# olivine (0.86–0.93) and a broad range of compositions with clinopyroxene showing “spoon-shaped” to flat, and LREE-enriched patterns. They are also characterized by their homogeneous compositions in the most incompatible LILE (e.g., Rb clinopyroxene = 0.01–0.05 × primitive mantle) and HFSE (e.g., Nb clinopyroxene = 0.01–2.16 × primitive mantle). This characteristic is interpreted as resulting from various degrees of melting and extensive melt-rock interactions. FTIR spectroscopy shows that olivine in both Ichinomegata and Oki-Dogo samples has low water contents ranging from 2 to 7 ppm wt. H2O. In contrast, the water contents of pyroxenes from Ichinomegata peridotites (113–271 ppm wt. H2O for orthopyroxene, and 292–347 ppm wt. H2O for clinopyroxene) are significantly higher than in Oki-Dogo peridotites (9–35 ppm wt. H2O for orthopyroxene, and 15–98 ppm wt. H2O for clinopyroxene). This indicates a relationship between melt-rock interaction and water concentrations in pyroxenes. Our study suggests that the water content of the Japan mantle wedge is controlled by the late melt/fluid/rock interactions evidenced by trace element geochemistry: a mechanism triggered by magma-rock interactions may have acted as an efficient dehydrating process in the Oki-Dogo region while the Ichinomegata mantle water content is controlled by slab-derived crypto-hydrous metasomatism.
ISSN: 0016-7037

hal-01553105
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01553105
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2017.03.042

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Université des Antilles
Résumé : International audience
Le territoire est une aire appropriée, investie par une communauté ou une société qui y vit, chaque île se décompose donc en une série de territoires qui se jouxtent et se superposent suivant les fonctionnalités qu’ils représentent. On peut identifier des territoires de vie, de production, de découverte et de loisirs. Ces derniers sont multiples en fonction des pratiques sportives, des groupes qui les exercent, de la symbolique qui l’accompagne. L’espace de vie du pêcheur se compose des lieux du quotidien : sa maison, le quartier, la plage, la zone de pêche plus ou moins étendue en fonction de la région. Les valeurs psychologiques qu’il projette sur la mer sont nombreuses et fondent en partie ses connaissances empiriques, sa représentation mentale du fond, des biocénoses marines et la réponse technique qu’il apporte. Les espaces vécus des individus comprennent les espaces de vie (lieux fréquentés par l’individu), l’espace social (composé des interrelations sociales spatialisées) et les valeurs psychologiques qui y sont projetées et perçues (Frémont A, 1984). La constitution multiethnique des sociétés insulaires et créoles accroît la variété des espaces vécus. Ces derniers constituent des métastructures spatiales qui englobent les différents territoires de l’individus (Di Méo G, 1991) qu’il est nécessaire d’appréhender afin de comprendre en partie le fonctionnement des dynamiques littorales. Les territoires littoraux sont appropriés par des communautés qui y vivent, y travaillent et y pratiquent des loisirs. Les sociétés littorales traditionnelles sont faciles à identifier : elles comprennent les pêcheurs, les marins de commerce, les professions induites aux activités maritimes. Leur niveau d’appropriation de l’espace littoral est cependant très divers entre le pêcheur à pied qui capture les crabes en mangrove et celui qui effectue des sorties de plusieurs jours en mer. Si le territoire du premier est restreint, les phénomènes de territorialisation peuvent être forts dans les deux cas. Les habitants du littoral sont plus nombreux et leur rapport à la mer reste difficile à appréhender. Les rivages permettent la survie pour les paysans haïtiens fuyant les mornes de l’intérieur, la mer apporte un complément d’activité, un espace libre pour s’y installer. Cependant dans la majorité des îles de la Caraïbe, les littoraux accueillent de nouvelles populations attirées par la beauté des paysages marins, par de nouveaux modes d’existence où les loisirs nautiques donnent sens à la vie. Vivre au bord de la mer et bénéficier de la vue océane devient signe d’une promotion sociale, et aussi de spéculation foncière et économique. D’autre exercent par choix, de nouveaux métiers maritimes, moniteurs de plongée, skippers de voiliers …Les touristes enfin constituent des populations littorales éphémères mais en renouvellement constant. Leur rapport à la mer est très divers et peut-être très intime pour certains d’entre eux, passionnés de voile, de surf ou de plongée. Ils créent aussi des territoires particuliers.Le territoire induit aussi l’identification de la société à un lieu qu’il charge d’une histoire et d’un patrimoine communs et d’une idéologie particulière. Ces éléments fondent en partie le sentiment d’identité collective (Di Méo G, 2000).Ainsi dans une société qui se tertiairise, la mer, espace mythique, se charge de multiples valeurs symboliques : la liberté, la pureté, le plaisir. Le surfeur, comme le pêcheur deviennent emblèmes de ces valeurs alors que leur nombre est réduit aux Antilles. Dans ces îles rurales, ce sont les pêcheurs pourtant peu nombreux qui incarnent en partie la tradition des métiers d’autrefois : les courses de bateaux de travail (gommiers, yoles, keelboat) se développent et sont appréciées dans toute la Caraïbe.
ISSN: 1779-0980

hal-01174359
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01174359
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01174359/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01174359/file/etudescaribeennes-583-3-perception-et-pratiques-territoriales-des-littoraux-de-la-caraibe.pdf
DOI : 10.4000/etudescaribeennes.583

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Inorganic arsenic is a toxic environmental contaminant to which humans are mainly exposed through drinking water. This metalloid impairs functions of several key immune cells. Particularly, it reduces IL-2 secretion and proliferation of blood peripheral mononuclear cells stimulated by lectins that, however, do not mimic physiological T cell activation. The present study used isolated human T cells activated, in a more physiological manner, through stimulation with CD3/CD28 antibodies, to carefully analyze the impact of arsenic on T cell proliferation and cytokine expression. We demonstrate that non cytotoxic concentrations of sodium arsenite (As(III), 0.25-2μM) significantly reduce T cell proliferation by increasing the percentage of non dividing cells blocked in G1 phase and by preventing cyclin D3 and CDC25A expression. They also markedly, although not totally, reduces IL-2 expression at both mRNA and protein levels; however, metalloid-dependent inhibition of T cells could not be reversed by addition of recombinant IL-2. In addition, As(III) markedly reduces secretion of interferon-γ without impairing that of IL-4 and IL-13; it also decreases interferon-γ mRNA levels but increases those of IL-13. Finally, simultaneously to its immune effects, As(III) rapidly and potently increases expression of the redox-sensitive genes HMOX1, NQO1 and GCLM in activated T cells without altering the levels of reactive oxygen species. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that As(III) inhibits T cell proliferation, independently of IL-2, and alters the Th balance of cytokines secreted by co-stimulated T cells which thus constitute direct targets of this major environmental contaminant.
ISSN: 0300-483X

inserm-00872848
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00872848
DOI : 10.1016/j.tox.2012.05.025
PUBMED : 22683347

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Both oedometric and plane-strain tests were performed with parallelepipedic samples made of synthetic granular, cohesive, frictional and dilatant rock analogue material GRAM2. For the first time parallel sets of fractures that have all the characteristics of natural joints were reproduced in the laboratory. The fractures are regularly spaced, normal to σ3, and have plumose morphology very similar to that of natural joints. These fractures can form at tensile stress σ3 much smaller in magnitude than the tensile strength of material and even at slightly compressive σ3. When mean stress σ exceeds a certain value, the fractures become oblique to σ1 (the obliquity increases with σ), forming networks of conjugate shear bands/fractures. These results of plane-strain experiments are in good agreement with those of better controlled conventional axisymmetric tests on a similar material in Chemenda et al. (2011b) and are closer to real geological situations. Both types of experiments are complementary. Their results lead to the conclusion that at least certain categories of natural fractures (including joints, and conjugate shear fractures/bands) were initiated as deformation localization bands. The band orientation is defined by the constitutive properties/parameters (notably the dilatancy factor) that are sensitive to σ.
ISSN: 0040-1951

hal-00795555
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00795555
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2011.11.021

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD National Academy of Sciences
Résumé : International audience
Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) constitute one of the most diverse and ecologically important groups of phytoplankton. They are considered to be particularly important in nutrient-rich coastal ecosystems and at high latitudes, but considerably less so in the oligotrophic open ocean. The Tara Oceans circumnavigation collected samples from a wide range of oceanic regions using a standardized sampling procedure. Here, a total of similar to 12 million diatom V9-18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) ribotypes, derived from 293 size-fractionated plankton communities collected at 46 sampling sites across the global ocean euphotic zone, have been analyzed to explore diatom global diversity and community composition. We provide a new estimate of diversity of marine planktonic diatoms at 4,748 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Based on the total assigned ribotypes, Chaetoceros was the most abundant and diverse genus, followed by Fragilariopsis, Thalassiosira, and Corethron. We found only a few cosmopolitan ribotypes displaying an even distribution across stations and high abundance, many of which could not be assigned with confidence to any known genus. Three distinct communities from South Pacific, Mediterranean, and Southern Ocean waters were identified that share a substantial percentage of ribotypes within them. Sudden drops in diversity were observed at Cape Agulhas, which separates the Indian and Atlantic Oceans, and across the Drake Passage between the Atlantic and Southern Oceans, indicating the importance of these ocean circulation choke points in constraining diatom distribution and diversity. We also observed high diatom diversity in the open ocean, suggesting that diatoms may be more relevant in these oceanic systems than generally considered.
ISSN: 0027-8424

hal-01545320
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01545320
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.1509523113

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Science Bv
Résumé : The opening of the Equatorial and South Atlantic Oceans is still a matter of debate, particularly as concerns the locations of the intraplate deformation. We propose here a critical review of the kinematic models published since Bullard et al., 1965, based on a series of constraints: new interpretation of the magnetic anomalies, seafloor isochrons, flow lines, fracture zones, continental and oceanic homologous structures and radiometric dating of igneous rocks. All of these models present numerous unexplained misfits (gaps, overlaps and misalignments). We present here a new evolution of the Equatorial and South Atlantic Ocean from the tightest reconstruction to Chron C34. This new model confirms the hypothesis of a northward propagation of the South American deformation proposed by Eagles, but rejuvenates slightly the ages for this propagation and refines the plate reconstructions. In particular, we highlight the role of the kinematic "buffer" Santos block, located between the salty Aptian Central segment in the North and the Volcanic Hauterivian Austral segment in the South. The new initial fit presented in this study represents the tightest reconstruction that could be obtained and constitutes the base canvas on which the problem of the continental margin genesis should be addressed.
Earth Science Reviews (0012-8252) (Elsevier Science Bv), 2010 , Vol. 98 , N. 1-2 , P. 1-37

Droits : 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/11160/7883.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.08.001
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/11160/

Éditeur(s) : Amer Geophysical Union
Résumé : The hydrological and geochemical properties of the waters constituting the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) determine the properties of the equatorial cold tongue. Understanding and quantifying the various EUC origins is therefore of prime importance. For this purpose, a high-resolution (1/4 degrees) interannual oceanic simulation was analyzed from the western tropical Pacific boundaries to 140 degrees W, using a Lagrangian framework. Waters from the Low-Latitude Western Boundary Currents (LLWBCs) transiting from Vitiaz Strait (the main contributor), from Solomon Strait, and via the Mindanao Current were identified as the principal sources to the EUC. Waters conveyed by the interior ocean off equator are negligible till 180 E. The LLWBCs' waters represent 87% of the EUC transport at 156 degrees E out of which the New Guinea Coastal Undercurrent (NGCU) is as large as 47%. The EUC meridional distribution suggests that the waters originating from Solomon Strait and Mindanao Current mostly remain in the hemisphere from which they originate. Contrastingly, Vitiaz Strait waters are found in both hemispheres. The vertical EUC distribution shows that the lower layer of the EUC is mainly composed of Vitiaz Strait waters. Finally, the source transport distributions were characterized, at their origin and within the EUC, as a function of density. These distributions showed that waters flowing through Vitiaz Strait at densities higher than those of the EUC (down to sigma(theta) = 27.2 kg m(-3)) undergo a diapycnal mixing and lighten during their journey to join the EUC. This lightening supports the suggestion that the NGCU is a major source for the EUC geochemical enrichment.
Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans (0148-0227) (Amer Geophysical Union), 2011-12 , Vol. 116 , N. C12044 , P. 16 p.

Droits : 2011 by the American Geophysical Union
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00060/17105/14621.pdf
DOI:10.1029/2011JC007477
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00060/17105/

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : The present work is based on a set of bottom trawl surveys performed in the Gulf of Lions between 1983 and 1992. A new method which couples the STATIS multitable approach with the logic of correspondence analysis (CoA) is proposed to study the stability of spatial organization of demersal assemblages in terms of species composition. This CoA version of STATIS has provided a clear representation of the stable part of the spatial structure of the assemblages. In addition, it gave an insight into the interannual variations of the distribution of each population around the reference structure. Our results showed that the demersal assemblages of the Gulf of Lions exhibited strong spatial structuring, mainly orientated along a bathymetric gradient. This gradient is structured around three major regions: the coast, the continental shelf and the continental slope. Despite sampling variations that occurred during the course of the study, the analysis showed a high degree of reproducibility for this spatial pattern. With the exception of Mullus surmuletus, the species considered in this investigation exhibit limited variations in their spatial distribution. Finally, in the absence of log-books covering the activities of commercial fishing vessels, these findings constitute a base of reference for the analysis of the dynamics of fishing fleets exploiting the demersal resources of the Gulf of Lions.
Ce travail porte sur une série de campagnes de chalutage de fond réalisé dans le golfe du Lion entre 1983 et 1992. Une nouvelle méthode fondée sur le couplage de la technique multitableaux STATIS et de l'analyse factorielle des correspondances (AFC) est proposée afin d'étudier l'organisation spatio-temporelle des assemblages démersaux, poissons et quelques céphalopodes, en terme de composition spécifique. Cette version AFC de STATIS a fourni une représentation claire de la part stable de l'organisation spatiale des assemblages. De plus, elle nous a permis d'appréhender les variations interannuelles de la distribution de chaque population autour de la structure de référence. Nos résultats montrent que les assemblages démersaux du golfe du Lion présentent une forte structuration spatiale, principalement orientée selon un gradient bathymétrique. Ce dernier est structuré en trois grandes régions: la côte, le plateau continental et le talus continental. En dépit des variations d'échantillonnage survenues au cours de la période d'étude, l'analyse a mis en évidence une forte reproductibilité de ce schéma d'organisation. A l'exception de Mullus surmuletus, les espèces considérées dans ce travail présentent des variations limitées de leur distribution spatiale. Enfin, en l'absence de livres de bord sur l'activité des navires professionnels, ces résultats constituent une base de référence pour l'analyse de la dynamique des flottilles exploitant les ressources démersales dans le golfe du Lion.
Aquatic Living Resources (Elsevier), 1998-03 , Vol. 11 , N. 2 , P. 75-85

Droits : 1998 Published by Elsevier SAS
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1998/publication-875.pdf
DOI:10.1016/S0990-7440(98)80063-6
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/875/

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : La sous-préfecture de Madingo-Kayes est arrosée par le bassin du Kouilou-Niari. Celui-ci constitue une niche écologique d’une grande diversité d’espèces halieutiques. Ces espèces sont recherchées par les populations locales pour leur rôle d’appoint dans la lutte contre l’insécurité alimentaire et leur contribution aux moyens d’existence et aux économies rurales. Le poisson, dont la consommation fournit près de 70 % de protéines animales à Madingo-Kayes, provient essentiellement de la pêche artisanale (avec l’utilisation d’outils rudimentaires tels que la nasse, le filet, la ligne, etc.). La recette mensuelle générée par cette activité oscille entre 250 000 et 500 000 FCF, soit environ un million de FCFA par année. Les principales espèces capturées sont les poissons-chat électriques (Malapterurus electricus), les poissons de la famille des Mormyridae, etc. Elles sont soit consommées sur place, soit écoulées à Pointe-Noire, ville où la demande est très forte.
The sub-prefecture of Madingo-Kayes is watered by the Kouilou-Niari basin. This constitutes an ecological niche of a wide variety of fish species sought by local people for their supporting role in the fight against food insecurity and their contribution to livelihoods and rural economies. Fish consumption in Madingo-Kayes provides nearly 70% of animal protein. The monthly recipe fish production in the district is between 250 000 and 500 000 FCFA. It is estimated an average of one million a year. The fishery is artisanal, with the use of simple tools such as the trap, net, line, etc. The main species of fish are captured electric catfish (Malapterurus electricus), fish of the family Mormyridae, etc. They are either consumed in the localities for food reasons or passed in Pointe-Noire, the city where the fish demand is very strong for mercantile reasons.
Madingo-Kayes
Congo RD

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.10391
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/10391

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Cet article se réfère à ce que certains auteurs nomment, au Brésil, «nouveaux territoires» qui, depuis les débats lors de la Constituante fédérale de 1988, ont pris place, totalement ou partiellement, dans les circonscriptions tels qu’un État, une Commune, un District. Ce texte aborde deux types de réserves de conservation environnementale: une « réserve extractiviste » conquise par des populations rurales riveraines au confluent des fleuves Xingu et Amazone; et une « réserve marine» de populations rurales côtières – les deux à l’État du Pará. Au Brésil comme en Europe, ces initiatives ont visé un meilleur mode de vie et le développement des populations locales et, éventuellement, par surplus, régionales ou nationales. Au Brésil, ces objectifs ont été liés au droit à l’usage collectif des forêts, des bois, des cours d’eau et des mangroves. À des degrés différents, ces territoires sont issus de luttes pour la défense des ressources qui étaient la source de la subsistance de leurs habitants, de leur mode de vie et culture, en un mot, leur patrimoine – contre la pénétration d’« étrangers » venus d’ailleurs en dépit de la loi et de la légitimité: entreprises du bois, de grands élevages et de pêche. Ce texte cherche à confronter, au niveau de l’analyse sociologique, des intérêts de groupes, des acteurs, des stratégies des uns et des autres et de leurs perspectives pour les actuelles et futures générations.
This article refers to what some writers call, in Brazil, "new territories". Since the debates during the Federal Constitution elaboration, in 1988, they have been implemented, wholly or partly, within the jurisdiction of a state, a municipality, or a district. This paper addresses two types of environmental conservation reserves: an "extractive reserve" conquered by rural people at the confluence of the rivers Xingu and Amazon; and a "marine reserve" of rural populations on the northern coast of Brazil - both in the federal state of Pará. In Brazil as in Europe, these initiatives aim at better living standards and collective development of local populations. In Brazil, these have been linked to the respect of their collective rights to use the forests, wood, water streams and mangroves. To varying degrees, these territories result from struggles in defense of natural resources that were source of livelihood, lifestyle and culture of the inhabitants, in short, their heritage – against the invasion of "foreigners", timber companies, large farms and fishers. This text contrasts, through sociological analysis, the interest groups, the stakeholders, the challenges and their development prospects vis-à-vis the present and future generations.
Brésil

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.8854
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/8854

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag (Germany)
Résumé : International audience
Tight control of basal cytosolic Ca2+ concentration is essential for cell survival and to fine-tune Ca2+-dependent cell functions. A way to control this basal cytosolic Ca2+ concentration is to regulate membrane Ca2+ channels including store-operated Ca2+ channels and secondary messenger-operated channels linked to G-protein-coupled or tyrosine kinase receptor activation. Orai, with or without its reticular STIM partner and Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) proteins, were considered to be the main Ca2+ channels involved. It is well accepted that, in response to cell stimulation, opening of these Ca2+ channels contributes to Ca2+ entry and the transient increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration involved in intracellular signaling. However, in various experimental conditions, Ca2+ entry and/or Ca2+ currents can be recorded at rest, without application of any experimental stimulation. This led to the proposition that some plasma membrane Ca2+ channels are already open/activated in basal condition, contributing therefore to constitutive Ca2+ entry. This article focuses on direct and indirect observations supporting constitutive activity of channels belonging to the Orai and TRP families and on the mechanisms underlying their basal/constitutive activities.
ISSN: 0175-7571

inserm-01526286
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01526286
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01526286/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01526286/file/EBJO-D-16-00056_R1-2%20%282%29.pdf
PUBMED : 28516266

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Glioblastoma (GB), the most frequent primary tumor of the central nervous system, remains one of the most lethal human cancers despite intensive researches. Current paradigm in the study of GB has been focused on inter-patient variability and on trying to isolate new classification elements or prognostic factors. Here, using ICPL, a technique for protein relative quantification by mass spectrometry, we investigated protein expression between the four regions of GB on clinically relevant biopsies from 5 patients. We identified 584 non-redundant proteins and 31 proteins were found to be up-regulated in the tumor region compared to the peri-tumoral brain tissue, among which, 24 proteins belong to an interaction network linked to 4 biological processes. The core of this network is mainly constituted of interactions between beta-actin (ACTB) with heat shock proteins (HSP90AA1, HSPA8) and 14-3-3 proteins (YWHAZ, YWHAG, YWHAB). A cluster of three isoforms of the sodium pump α-subunit (ATP1A1, ATP1A2, ATP1A3) was also identified outside this network. The differential expression observed for ACTB and 14-3-3γ was further validated by western blot and/or immunohistochemistry. Our study confirms the identity of previously proposed molecular targets, highlights several functional processes altered in GB such as energy metabolism and synaptic transmission and could thus provide added value to new therapeutic trails.
ISSN: 1874-3919

hal-00877756
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00877756
DOI : 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.04.034
PUBMED : 22575386

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Résumé : International audience
Neuroglobins, previously thought to be restricted to vertebrate neurons, were detected in the brain of a photosymbiotic acoel, Symsagittifera roscoffensis, and in neurosensory cells of the jellyfish Clytia hemisphaerica. For the neuroglobin of S. roscoffensis, a member of a lineage that originated either at the base of the bilateria or of the deuterostome clade, we report the ligand binding properties, crystal structure at 2.3 Å, and brain immunocytochemical pattern. We also describe in situ hybridizations of two neuroglobins specifically expressed in differentiating nematocytes (neurosensory cells) and in statocytes (ciliated mechanosensory cells) of C. hemisphaerica, a member of the early branching animal phylum cnidaria. In silico searches using these neuroglobins as queries revealed the presence of previously unidentified neuroglobin-like sequences in most metazoan lineages. Because neural systems are almost ubiquitous in metazoa, the constitutive expression of neuroglobin-like proteins strongly supports the notion of an intimate association of neuroglobins with the evolution of animal neural systems and hints at the preservation of a vitally important function. Neuroglobins were probably recruited in the first protoneurons in early metazoans from globin precursors. Neuroglobins were identified in choanoflagellates, sponges, and placozoans and were conserved during nervous system evolution. Because the origin of neuroglobins predates the other metazoan globins, it is likely that neuroglobin gene duplication followed by co-option and subfunctionalization led to the emergence of globin families in protostomes and deuterostomes (i.e. convergent evolution).
ISSN: 0021-9258

hal-01020584
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01020584
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01020584/document
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01020584/file/Rosko_jbc_revised.pdf
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M112.407601

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Several epidemiologic studies have shown an interactive effect of heavy smoking and heavy alcohol drinking on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. It has also been recently described that chronic hepatocyte death can trigger excessive compensatory proliferation resulting later in the formation of tumors in mouse liver. As we previously demonstrated that both benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), an environmental agent found in cigarette smoke, and ethanol possess similar targets, especially oxidative stress, to trigger death of liver cells, we decided to study here the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the effects of B[a]P/ethanol coexposure on cell death. After an 18-h incubation with 100nM B[a]P, primary rat hepatocytes were supplemented with 50mM ethanol for 5 or 8h. B[a]P/ethanol coexposure led to a greater apoptotic cell death that could be linked to an increase in lipid peroxidation. Plasma membrane remodeling, as depicted by membrane fluidity elevation and physicochemical alterations in lipid rafts, appeared to play a key role, because both toxicants acted with specific complementary effects. Membrane remodeling was shown to induce an accumulation of lysosomes leading to an important increase in low-molecular-weight iron cellular content. Finally, ethanol metabolism, but not that of B[a]P, by providing reactive oxygen species, induced the ultimate toxic process. Indeed, in lysosomes, ethanol promoted the Fenton reaction, lipid peroxidation, and membrane permeabilization, thereby triggering cell death. To conclude, B[a]P exposure, by depleting hepatocyte membrane cholesterol content, would constitute a favorable ground for a later toxic insult such as ethanol intoxication. Membrane stabilization of both plasma membrane and lysosomes might be a potential target for further investigation considering cytoprotective strategies.
ISSN: 0891-5849

hal-01018147
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01018147
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01018147/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01018147/file/Cooperative-interaction_final.pdf
PUBMED : 24681337

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Avec son ouverture sur le marché mondial, la ville d’Alger, ou El-Djezaïr, (capitale de l’Algérie), est devenue une destination importante pour le tourisme d’affaires. Par ailleurs, sa côte, riche en plages et en stations balnéaires, reste très convoitée par un tourisme, souvent, massif et destructeur de l’identité de son environnement. D’où l’intérêt de penser à une stratégie de développement touristique visant la protection de son littoral. L’objectif de la présente contribution est la requalification du tourisme littoral à Alger par la réinterprétation de la forme de plaisance et d’agrément qui y a existé avant 1830. Il vise, également, la mise en valeur de son patrimoine territorial : fontaine, résidences d’été, et ainsi que les chemins naturels qui ont, depuis les temps les plus reculés, relié le port de la ville à son arrière-pays.En effet, avant 1830, El-Djezaïr était dotée d’un « Fahs » : un territoire très célèbre par ses « djenanes » (une sorte de résidences d’été faisant face à la mer et dotées de fabuleux jardins). Les « djenanes », souvent, destinés à être des musées déserts, peuvent constituer un potentiel singulier pour la requalification du tourisme littoral d’Alger. L’une des alternatives possibles serait leur reconversion en structures d’accueil pour le tourisme d’affaires, culturel et d’agrément... La contribution présente le cas de la « la villa du traité », un lieu commémoratif de la capitulation de la ville d’Alger en 1830, classée monument historique en 2003. Dans le cadre de l’opération de restauration et de mise en valeur achevée en janvier 2014, la villa et son jardin, situés dans l’enceinte d’une annexe au centre hospitalier de Birtraria (Alger), ont été proposés pour abriter un centre d’éthique et un lieu de manifestations scientifiques nationale et internationale en médecine.
With its opening on the world market, the city of Algiers, or El-Djezaïr, (capital of Algeria) has become an attractive destination for business tourism. Although, its coast, rich in beaches and seaside resorts, often undergoes a massive tourism that endangers its environment identity. Hence, it would be of first interest to set-up a touristic development strategy aiming the littoral safeguard. The main scope of this paper is the littoral tourism requalification in Algiers by reinterpreting the leisure and recreation facilities that existed there before 1830. Moreover, it focus on the valuation of its territorial heritage: fountains, summer residences, and mostly the natural paths that used to connect the city port to the hinterland since the earliest times.Indeed, before 1830, El-Djezaïr had its "Fahs”, a territory famous by its "djenanes": a kind of summer residences within fabulous gardens facing the sea. Often seemed like deserted museums, the "djenanes" could constitute a key opportunity coastal tourism requalification. One of the alternatives would be their reconversion into touristic structures for scientific, business, leisure and recreational tourism. The paper presents the case of “La Villa du Traité”, a commemorative place related to the capitulation of the city of Algiers in 1830. The place is proposed to become a center of ethics where national and international scientific events in Medicine could be held.
Alger

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.10829
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/10829

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Archaeopress
Résumé : International audience
The first formative occupation of the West Indies was by continental populations, moving up from their place of origin in the Orinoco Basin, shortly before our era. In Martinique these groups, attached to the cedrosan saladoid sub-series, have been well studied and for a considerable time. It is upon this work that we have attempted to build an overall analysis of this phase of the prehistory of the Islands. The research drew upon the results of unpublished field work. This led to a more precise understanding of the nature and constitution of these archeological strata and, in turn, of the organisation of the Amerindian villages and their management of the island space. A review of their artisanal production ( ceramics, stone tools, personal adornment) has given us a closer understanding of these populations. It also provides the basis for a future paleo-ethnographic study. Further, an analysis of the origin of the lithic materials has enabled us to place the ancient saladoid occupation of Martinique both in the geography of the West Indian Arc and in the Carribean Basin as a whole. Progressively a picture was thus put together of pioneer agro-ceramicist groups characterised by a high degree of organisation and by the spiritual concepts expressed in their artisanal production.
Les premières occupations formatives des Antilles sont liées à la migration, peu avant le début de notre ère, de populations continentales originaires du bassin de l'Orénoque. En Martinique, l'étude de ces groupes, rattachés à la sous-série saladoïde cedrosane, a une histoire riche et ancienne. C'est fort de ces acquis que nous avons tenté de réaliser une analyse globale de cette phase de la préhistoire des Antilles. Notre recherche s'appuie sur l'analyse des résultats d'un ensemble d'opérations de terrain inédites. Les informations ainsi obtenues nous permettent d'étudier la nature et le mode de constitution de ces gisements archéologiques. On commence alors à distinguer l'organisation de ces villages amérindiens et le mode de gestion de l'espace insulaire qui s'y rattache. L'analyse de différents types de productions artisanales (céramique, outillage en pierre, parure) nous permet d'accéder à une connaissance plus intime de ces populations. Elle offre aussi les moyens nécessaires à la réalisation d'une future étude palethnographique. Par ailleurs, l'analyse de l'origine géographique des matières premières lithiques nous permet de réintégrer l'occupation saladoïde ancienne de la Martinique dans l'espace géographique qui est le sien!: l'arc antillais et plus largement le bassin caraïbe. Ainsi, se dégage progressivement l'image de groupes pionniers agro-céramistes caractérisés par un très haut degré d'organisation et par la matérialisation permanente de leurs conceptions spirituelles au travers de leur production artisanale.
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00966882

ISBN : 1 84171 649 9
hal-00966882
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00966882