Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier [Commercial Publisher]
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in HIV-negative immunocompromised patients is associated with high mortality rates. Although trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) provides a very effective prophylaxis, pneumocystosis still occurs and may even be emerging, due to sub-optimal characterization of patients most at risk, hence precluding targeted prophylaxis. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed all cases of documented pneumocystosis in HIV-negative patients admitted in our institution, a referral center in the area, from January 1990 to June 2010, and extracted data on their underlying condition(s). To estimate incidence rates within each condition, we estimated the number of patients followed-up in our area for each condition, by measuring the number of patients admitted with the corresponding international classification diagnostic code, through the national hospital discharge database (PMSI). RESULTS: From 1990 to 2010, 293 cases of pneumocystosis were documented, of whom 154 (52.6%) tested negative for HIV. The main underlying conditions were hematological malignancies (32.5%), solid tumors (18.2%), inflammatory diseases (14.9%), solid organ transplant (12.3%), and vasculitis (9.7%). Estimated incidence rates could be ranked in three categories: i) high risk (incidence rates extgreater 45 cases per 100,000 patient-year): polyarteritis nodosa, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, polymyositis/dermatopolymyositis, acute leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma; ii) intermediate risk (25-45 cases per 100,000 patient-year): Waldenström macroglobulinemia, multiple myeloma, and central nervous system cancer; and iii) low risk ( extless 25 cases per 100,000 patient-year): other solid tumors, inflammatory diseases, and Hodgkin lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS: These estimates may be used as a guide to better target pneumocystosis prophylaxis in the groups most at risk.
ISSN: 0002-9343

hal-01063911
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01063911
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01063911/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01063911/file/1-s2.0-S0002934314005907-main.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.07.010

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Geophysical Union
Résumé : International audience
The North Tehran Fault (NTF) is located at the southernmost piedmont of Central Alborz and crosses the northern suburbs of the Tehran metropolis and adjacent cities, where ∼15 million people live. Extending over a length of about 110 km, the NTF stands out as a major active fault and represents an important seismic hazard for the Iranian capital after historical seismicity. In order to characterize the activity of the NTF in terms of kinematics, magnitude and recurrence intervals of earthquakes, we carried out a first paleoseismological study of the fault within its central part between Tehran and Karaj cities. We opened a trench across a 3 m-high fault scarp affecting Quaternary deposits. Our study shows that the scarp is the result of repeated events along a main N115°E trending shallow dipping thrust fault, associated with secondary ruptures. From the trench analysis and Infrared Stimulated Luminescence (IRSL) dating of fault-related sediments, we interpreted between 6 and 7 surface-rupturing events that occurred during the past 30 kyrs. Their magnitudes (estimated from the displacements along the faults) are comprised between 6.1 and 7.2. The two last events - the largest - occurred during the past 7.9 ± 1.2 ka, which yields a Holocene slip rate of ∼0.3 mm/yr. The 7 earthquakes scenario suggests a regular periodicity with a mean recurrence interval of ∼3.8 kyrs. However, the two most recent events could correspond to the two largest historical earthquakes recorded in the area (in 312-280 B.C. and 1177 A.D.), and therefore suggest that the NTF activity is not regular.
ISSN: 0148-0227

hal-00757568
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00757568
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00757568v2/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00757568/file/ritz2012.pdf
DOI : 10.1029/2012JB009147

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé :   Diplôme : DEA
il s'agit d'un type de produit dont les métadonnées ne correspondent pas aux métadonnées attendues dans les autres types de produit : DISSERTATION
absent
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01189525

hal-01189525
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01189525
PRODINRA : 45292

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley-VCH Verlag
Résumé : International audience
Bacterial biofilm development is conditioned by complex processes involving bacterial attachment to surfaces, growth, mobility, and exoproduct production. The marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain D41 is able to attach strongly onto a wide variety of substrates, which promotes subsequent biofilm development. Study of the outer-membrane and total soluble proteomes showed ten spots with significant intensity variations when this bacterium was grown in biofilm compared to planktonic cultures. MS/MS de novo sequencing analysis allowed the identification of four outer-membrane proteins of particular interest since they were strongly induced in biofilms. These proteins are homologous to a TonB-dependent receptor (TBDR), to the OmpW and OmpA porins, and to a type IV pilus biogenesis protein (PilF). Gene expression assays by quantitative RT-PCR showed that the four corresponding genes were upregulated during biofilm development on hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants unable to produce any of the OmpW, OmpA, and PilF homologues yielded biofilms with lower biovolumes and altered architectures, confirming the involvement of these proteins in the biofilm formation process. Our results indicate that Pseudoalteromonas sp. D41 shares biofilm formation mechanisms with human pathogenic bacteria, but also relies on TBDR, which might be more specific to the marine environment.
ISSN: 1615-9853

hal-00864093
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00864093
DOI : 10.1002/pmic.201100644

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Diffusion du document : INRA Antilles-Guyane, UMR ECOFOG, 97387 Kourou, Guyane (France)Diplôme : Maîtrise
il s'agit d'un type de produit dont les métadonnées ne correspondent pas aux métadonnées attendues dans les autres types de produit : DISSERTATION
Nous avons analysé la composition chimique de feuilles matures et sénescentes de 21 espèces d'arbres de forêt tropicale humide. Ces arbres ont été plantés il y a 20 ans, sur un sol uniforme pour tous, sous forme de jeunes plants. Cette plantation est organisée sous forme de placeaux mono-spécifiques et estsituée près de Kourou, en Guyane française. Les mesures de concentration d’azote, de phosphore, de carbone et des polyphénols ont été réalisées et ont permis de calculer le rapport C/N et la résorption desnutriments. Les compositions chimiques varient radicalement entre les espèces à la fois pour les feuilles matures et sénescentes : dans les feuilles matures les concen- trations en N et P varient de 1.03% à 2.69% et de 0,037% à 0,115%, respectivement. La concentration d'N dans les feuilles sénescentes varie de 0,72% à 2.03% et pour le P de 0,0 13% à 0.074%. La vitesse de croissance est positivement corrélée avec laconcentration d'N dans les feuilles. La résorption est le phénomène suivant lequel les plantes réabsorbent les nutriments des feuilles avant la période d'abscission pour les redistribuer à travers ses tissus.L'efficience de résorption varie fortement en fonction des espèces et est plus élevée pour le P que pour l'N. La résorption de l'N varie de -9,84% à 57.22% (moyenne ~30.7%) et celle du P varie de -15,75% à 79,56% (moyenne ~47.64%). Une analyse par corrélation montre que les résorptions de N et P sont signifi- cativement et positivement corrélés. Il y a aussi une corrélation significative et positive entre l'efficience de résorption et i) les concentrations en nutriment dans les feuilles vertes et ii) le coût de construction des feuilles et la vitesse de croissance.Parmi les espèces, une forte relation positive est trouvée entre le C/N de la litière et la résorption de l’N,suggérant que celle-ci est un élément déterminant de la qualité de la litière. Une forte résorption entraîne une faible qualité de litière et par conséquent une mauvaise décomposition. La résorption et la décomposition sont liés dans le recyclage des nutriments dans les écosystèmes, et sont négativement corrélés. Il semble que la connaissance de la résorption seule ou de la décomposition seule peut fausser la compréhension du fonctionnement de l’écosystème ou des espèces.
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01189262

hal-01189262
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01189262
PRODINRA : 21212

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American College of Physicians
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Most clinical guidelines recommend that AIDS-free, HIV-infected persons with CD4 cell counts below 0.350 × 10(9) cells/L initiate combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), but the optimal CD4 cell count at which cART should be initiated remains a matter of debate. OBJECTIVE: To identify the optimal CD4 cell count at which cART should be initiated. DESIGN: Prospective observational data from the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration and dynamic marginal structural models were used to compare cART initiation strategies for CD4 thresholds between 0.200 and 0.500 × 10(9) cells/L. SETTING: HIV clinics in Europe and the Veterans Health Administration system in the United States. PATIENTS: 20, 971 HIV-infected, therapy-naive persons with baseline CD4 cell counts at or above 0.500 × 10(9) cells/L and no previous AIDS-defining illnesses, of whom 8392 had a CD4 cell count that decreased into the range of 0.200 to 0.499 × 10(9) cells/L and were included in the analysis. MEASUREMENTS: Hazard ratios and survival proportions for all-cause mortality and a combined end point of AIDS-defining illness or death. RESULTS: Compared with initiating cART at the CD4 cell count threshold of 0.500 × 10(9) cells/L, the mortality hazard ratio was 1.01 (95% CI, 0.84 to 1.22) for the 0.350 threshold and 1.20 (CI, 0.97 to 1.48) for the 0.200 threshold. The corresponding hazard ratios were 1.38 (CI, 1.23 to 1.56) and 1.90 (CI, 1.67 to 2.15), respectively, for the combined end point of AIDS-defining illness or death. Limitations: CD4 cell count at cART initiation was not randomized. Residual confounding may exist. CONCLUSION: Initiation of cART at a threshold CD4 count of 0.500 × 10(9) cells/L increases AIDS-free survival. However, mortality did not vary substantially with the use of CD4 thresholds between 0.300 and 0.500 × 10(9) cells/L.
ISSN: 0003-4819

hal-00875307
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875307
PUBMED : 21502648
DOI : 10.7326/0003-4819-154-8-201104190-00001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : Understanding the ability of ecosystem processes to resist to and to recover from disturbances is critical to sustainable land use. However, the spatial variability of the stability has rarely been addressed. Here, we investigated the functional stability of a soil microbial process for 24 soils collected from adjacent locations from a 0.3 ha tropical rainforest plot in Paracou, French Guiana. The 24 locations were characterized regarding soil chemical and biological (microbial diversity) parameters and forest structure. The corresponding soils were submitted to an experimental transient heat disturbance during a microcosm experiment. The response of the respiration process was followed using substrate-induced respiration (SIR). The response of soil SIR to heat disturbance varied widely between samples. The variability of the SIR response increased just after the disturbance, and a global rather homogeneous decrease in SIR rates was observed 15 and 30 days after. The stability of SIR in response to heat disturbance could not be related to either the genetic or the metabolic diversity of the microbial community. The initial level of SIR before the disturbance was the soil variable that best correlated with the impact of the disturbance: the soil locations with the highest initial SIR rates were the most affected 15 and 30 days after the heat disturbance. Such a heterogeneous response suggests that the response of soil processes to a disturbance will be difficult to assess from only local-scale analyses and highlights the need for spatial explicitness in understanding biogeochemical processes.
ISSN: 1439-0108

hal-01204209
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01204209
DOI : 10.1007/s11368-012-0528-7
PRODINRA : 214444

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
Grain deviations and high extractives content are common features of many tropical woods. We aimed at clarifying their respective impact on vibrational properties, referring to African Padauk (Pterocarpus soyauxii Taub.), a species selected for its interlocked grain, high extractives content, and uses in xylophones. Specimens were cut parallel to the trunk axis (L), and local variations in grain angle (GA), microfibril angle (MFA), specific Young's modulus (E'L/ρ, where r stands for specific gravity) and damping coefficient (tanδL), were measured. GA dependence was analyzed by a mechanical model which allowed to identify the specific Young's modulus (E'3/ρ) and shear modulus (G'/ρ) along the grain (3), as well as their corresponding damping coefficients (tanδ3, tanδG). This analysis was done for native and then for extracted wood. Interlocked grain resulted in 0-25° GA and in variations of a factor 2 in E'L/ρ and tanδL. Along the grain, Padauk wood was characterized, as compared to typical hardwoods, by a somewhat lower E'3/ρ and elastic anisotropy (E'/G'), due to a wide microfibril angle plus a small weight effect of extracts; and a very low tanδ3 and moderate damping anisotropy (tanδG/tanδ3). Extraction affected mechanical parameters in the order: tanδ3 ≈ tanδG > G'/ρ >> E'3/ρ. That is, extractives' effects were nearly isotropic on damping but clearly anisotropic on storage moduli.
ISSN: 0043-7719

hal-00544382
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00544382
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00544382/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00544382/file/Identification_anisotropic_vibrational_properties_Bremaud_al.pdf
DOI : 10.1007/s00226-010-0348-0

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Société géologique de France
Résumé : The Maguelone shore extends along the northern coast of the Gulf of Lions margin, West of the Rhone delta and East of some high gradient coastal streams that have been providing most of the elastic sediments to the Gulf of Lions margin since the early Miocene. This 10 km wide area comprises an onshore small coastal watershed (15 km long) in low-lying carbonate hills, kilometer wide marshes, sandy beach and shoreface featuring local low sedimentation. Deposit architecture in such a coastal zone records dynamics of incised valley fill under the influence of rivers and wave/current hydrodynamics in a microtidal environment during an eustatic cycle.;A detailed analysis of about 250 km of very high resolution seismic profiles, tens of cores and outcrops data revealed the evolution of the Maguelone coastal system from Late-Quaternary to present-day. It highlighted also dominant denudation processes in the upstream catchments associated to the formation of incised valley seaward during Quaternary. Combination of this inherited morphology together with hydrodynamics controlled the lagoonal environment evolution since the last transgression. In particular, the Maguelone shore is characterized by the formation of built-over-rias lagoonal systems and records an evolution from partially protected lagoon to isolated lagoon environment. These two stages of lagoon evolution correspond to distinct deposit environments. Correlation of fauna contents with deposit geometry improves lagoonal environment models.
EISSN: 1777-5817

hal-00486370
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00486370
DOI : 10.2113/gssgfbull.181.2.211

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Multi-proxy analysis of two marine sediment cores (MS27PT and MD04-2726) from the Nile continental slope provides evidence of changes in Nile sediment discharge related to changes in Ethiopian African Monsoon (EAM) precipitation, and allows us to reconstruct changes in Nile River runoff, vegetation and erosion in the Nile headwaters. Sediment element composition and neodymium isotopic composition reveal significant changes in clastic sediment provenance, with sources oscillating between a Saharan aeolian contribution during the Last Glacial Maximum/deglacial transition and during the Late Holocene, and a Blue/Atbara Nile fluvial contribution during the African Humid Period (AHP). This study provides a new understanding of past environmental changes. Between 14.6 and 14.13 ka there was a major input of sediments from the Ethiopian Highlands, consistent with a stronger EAM at that time. Climate in the Nile basin was wetter between 14.8 and 8.4 ka, with a corresponding increase in Blue Nile water and sediment discharge via the main Nile into the Eastern Mediterranean. The gradual climatic transition from the AHP to the present-day dry climate was reflected in a decrease in Blue Nile sediment deposition and flood discharge between 8.4 and 3.7 ka, with aridity at a maximum between 3.7 and 2.6 ka. The onset of drier conditions in the Blue Nile basin seems to have begun before the 8.2 ka cooling event in the North Atlantic. We speculate that the climatic change from the wet AHP to the dry late Holocene may have been a result of a break in the low latitude dynamic equilibrium between climate, vegetation and erosion, which may in turn have affected the climate in higher latitudes. Reduced Nile flow may also have had an impact on Levantine Intermediate Water originating in the Eastern Mediterranean through an increase in intermediate water formation.
ISSN: 0277-3791

hal-01277950
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01277950
DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.10.030

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag (Germany)
Résumé : In this paper we study merosity in the genus Urospatha within the framework of a resolved phylogeny of the Araceae. We analyse how a transition from dimerous or tetramerous merosity to pentamerous or hexamerous merosity can occur developmentally in the Lasioideae. In Urospatha, initiation of floral primordia along the inflorescence is acropetal, while development of flowers is basipetal. This indicates the presence of two distinct phases in the development of the Urospatha inflorescence. The first phase corresponds to initiation of flowers and establishment of the phyllotactic pattern, and the second phase to differentiation of floral organs. Urospatha is characterized by the presence of trimerous, tetramerous, pentamerous and rarely hexamerous flowers. In all types of flowers, the stamens are closely associated and opposite to the tepals. Pentamerous flowers are formed by addition of a sector comprising a stamen and tepal. Likewise, in the case of hexamerous flowers, two sectors are added. In the Lasioideae, the increase in the number of tepals and stamens is linked with two developmental processes that have appeared independently in the subfamily: (1) addition of one or two stamen-petal sectors (Anaphyllopsis and Urospatha), and (2) independent increase in the number of tepals and stamens on whorls, more or less organized and inserted in alternate position (Dracontium). Tetramerous whorls as they occur in basal Lasioideae would be homologous to two dimerous whorls from an evolutionary point of view.
ISSN: 0378-2697

hal-01019867
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01019867
DOI : 10.1007/s00606-011-0475-6

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
Background: The relative scarcity of Copia retrotransposons has been recently characterized in metazoans in comparison with the other superfamilies of LTR elements. Furthermore, Copia retrotransposons have often a particular dynamics that results in a highly predominant single clade of elements within a large host taxon, such as the GalEa-like retrotransposons in crustaceans. Taking advantage of the skyrocketing amount of genomic data available for fungi, we carried out the first large-scale comparative genomic analysis of the Copia clades in filamentous ascomycetes.Results: Screening 30 completely sequenced genomes allowed us to identify more than 2500 Copia copies with conserved LTR, which are distributed in 138 families. Their characterization revealed that fungal Copia diversity is much broader than previously thought with at least 27 clades, 23 of which likely correspond to new ones. While the Copia copy number is low in most species, the two clades GalEa and FunCo1 are widely distributed and highly dominate Copia content as they both account for 80% of the detected sequences.Conclusions: In Fungi, GalEa retrotransposons are restricted to Pezizomycotina in which they can make up an outstandingly high proportion of the genome (up to 10% in Cenococcum geophilum). At last, we revealed that fungal GalEa elements structurally differ from all other Copia elements with an absence of Primer Binding Site. These elements however harbor a Conserved Hairpin Site which is probably essential for their transposition.sequences.
ISSN: 1471-2164

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
hal-01529914
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01529914
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01529914/document
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01529914/file/art_10.1186_s12864-017-3795-2.pdf
DOI : 10.1186/s12864-017-3795-2

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Seismic anisotropy is a ubiquitous feature of the subcontinental mantle. This can be inferred both from direct seismic observations of shear wave splitting from teleseismic shear waves, as well as the petrofabric analyses of mantle nodules from kimberlite pipes. The anisotropy is principally due to the strain-induced lattice preferred orientation (LPO) of olivine. The combined use of these mantle samples, deformation experiments on olivine, and numerical modeling of LPO, provides a critical framework for making inferences about mantle deformation from observed seismic anisotropy. In most cases there is a close correspondence between mantle deformation derived from seismic observations of anisotropy, and crustal deformation, from the Archean to the present. This implies that the mantle plays a major, if not dominant role in continental deformation. No clear evidence is found for a continental asthenospheric decoupling zone, suggesting that continents are probably coupled to general mantle circulation.
Mantle Petrology: Field Observations and high Pressure experimentations: a Tribute to Francis R. (Joe) Boyd

hal-01391514
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01391514
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01391514/document
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01391514/file/Silver_et_al_BoydVolume 1999_hal.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
This study assessed the usefulness of UV spectrophotometry for the monitoring of a yeast-based deoxygenation process proposed for ships' ballast water treatment to prevent the transfer of aquatic invasive species. Ten-day laboratory experiments using three treatment concentrations and different water types were conducted and resulted in complete oxygen depletion of treated waters. The treatment performance and quality of treated waters were determined by measuring the UV-visible absorbance spectra of water samples taken over time. Samples were also used for laboratory analysis of water quality properties. The UV absorbance spectra values were strongly correlated (r = 0.96) to yeast cell density in treated waters. The second-order derivative (D (2)) of the spectra varied greatly over time, and the spectrum profiles could be divided into two groups corresponding to the oxygenated and anoxic phases of the treatment. The D (2) value at 215 nm was strongly correlated (r = 0.94) to ammonia levels, which increased over time. The D (2) value at 225 nm was strongly correlated (r  extgreater 0.97) to DO concentration. Our results showed that UV spectrophotometry may provide a rapid assessment of the behavior and performance of the yeast bioreactor over time by quantifying (1) the density of yeast cells, (2) the time at which anoxic conditions were reached, and (3) a water quality index of the treated water related to the production of ammonia. We conclude that the rapidity of the technique confers a solid advantage over standard methods used for water quality analysis in laboratory and would permit the direct monitoring of the treatment performance on-board ships
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

hal-01286253
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01286253
DOI : 10.1007/s10661-016-5209-3
PUBMED : 26944435

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer/Terra Scientific Publishing Company
Résumé : International audience
Titanian clinohumite is an accessory phase found in peridotites, and it can be a key repository of volatile and other trace elements in sub-arc mantle. To characterize spectroscopic variations due to volatile elements in the phase, we have investigated the infrared spectroscopic characteristics of a suite of naturally occurring Ti clinohumite minerals with varying F and Ti concentrations. Samples were ultramafic rocks from Cerro del Almirez, Spain and Cima di Gagnone, Switzerland. The infrared spectra corresponding to OH vibrations showed systematic variation in regard to the abundance of F in Ti clinohumite. In particular, the intensity ratios of infrared absorption spectra at 3,565 and 3,390 cm-1 correlated linearly with the abundance of F independently of the crystal orientation. Raman spectra did not corroborate the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results. This intensity ratio provides an alternative analytical criterion for the characterization of Ti clinohumite.
ISSN: 1343-8832

hal-01133685
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01133685
DOI : 10.1186/1880-5981-66-60

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
Background: During the last decade, French Guiana has been affected by major dengue fever outbreaks. Although this arbovirus has been a focus of many awareness campaigns, very little information is available about beliefs, attitudes and behaviors regarding vector-borne diseases among the population of French Guiana. During the first outbreak of the chikungunya virus, a quantitative survey was conducted among high school students to study experiences, practices and perceptions related to mosquito-borne diseases and to identify socio-demographic, cognitive and environmental factors that could be associated with the engagement in protective behaviors. Methodology/Principal Findings: A cross-sectional survey was administered in May 2014, with a total of 1462 students interviewed. Classrooms were randomly selected using a two-stage selection procedure with cluster samples. A multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) associated with a hierarchical cluster analysis and with an ordinal logistic regression was performed. Chikungunya was less understood and perceived as a more dreadful disease than dengue fever. The analysis identified three groups of individual protection levels against mosquito-borne diseases: “low” (30%), “moderate” (42%) and “high” (28%)”. Protective health behaviors were found to be performed more frequently among students who were female, had a parent with a higher educational status, lived in an individual house, and had a better understanding of the disease. Conclusions/Significance: This study allowed us to estimate the level of protective practices against vector-borne diseases among students after the emergence of a new arbovirus. These results revealed that the adoption of protective behaviors is a multi-factorial process that depends on both sociocultural and cognitive factors. These findings may help public health authorities to strengthen communication and outreach strategies, thereby increasing the adoption of protective health behaviors, particularly in high-risk populations. © 2016 Fritzell et al.
ISSN: 1935-2727

hal-01467556
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01467556
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005081
PUBMED : 27802275

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : How users perceive the performance of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) is fundamental for the social acceptance of these zones. Moreover, their perceptions may be relevant for monitoring the effects of MPAs on extractive activities. This study analyzes artisanal fishers' perceptions of the performance of a north-western Mediterranean coastal MPA, which encompasses two no-take zones (NTZs). Three viewpoints have been considered: the effect on the personal activity of fishers, the effect on the local fishery and the effect on the ecosystem. In order to test the hypothesis that biomass export (spillover) - which had previously been evidenced from the two NTZs - may influence fishers' perceptions of NTZ effects, fishers' perceptions were compared with both declared and observed fishing activity over an one-year period. The results show that negative perceptions of NTZs are either nil or are negligible. Most fishers are aware of the beneficial effects of NTZs on ecosystems and fisheries. However, they remain to be convinced of the beneficial effects of the NTZs on their own activity. For instance, the proximity of a NTZ appears never to be involved in the choice of a fishing spot. This partial lack of correspondence between scientific expectation and fishers' perceptions is discussed in the light of fishing habits in the zone adjacent to NTZs, and takes into account fishing grounds, targeted species and seniority (defined as the number of years the fisher has been fishing within the MPA). All three factors appear to influence fishers' perceptions. For example, having a positive perception about a NTZ and spending more time fishing in the adjacent zone are habits that can be associated with fishers with less seniority. Fishers' perceptions obviously indicate the social acceptance of the MPA and are an essential monitoring tool for MPA managers. However, perceptions cannot be seen as a substitute for scientific monitoring, as both approaches are clearly complementary. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Marine Policy (0308-597X) (Elsevier), 2012-03 , Vol. 36 , N. 2 , P. 414-422

Droits : 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00060/17137/16442.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.marpol.2011.06.002
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00060/17137/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD AGU and the Geochemical Society
Résumé : International audience
Analysis of short-term deformation along the southern part of Dead Sea Fault (DSF) provides a systematic view of kinematics this part of the continental transform. The southern DSF consists of two principal segments: the Wadi Araba and Jordan Valley faults. In addition to other regional continuous GPS data, this study uses new data from 25 survey sites and 4 continuous GPS stations in Jordan for improved near-field observations. Resulting velocities are reported with 1-sigma uncertainties ranging from 0.4-1.0 mm/yr. Application of elastic dislocation models yields estimates of slip rates for Wadi Araba and Jordan Valley faults are 4.9 +/- 0.4 mm/yr and 4.7 +/- 0.4 mm/yr, respectively. Modeling also suggests different depths of effective fault locking with 15 +/- 5 km and 8 +/- 5 km for the Wadi Araba and Jordan Valley faults, respectively. These slip rates are generally consistent with the upper end of the range of slip rates estimated from late Quaternary geology. Spatial variations in effective fault locking generally correspond with a heterogeneous mantle lithosphere. A similar observation can be observed along the southern San Andreas Fault, and this may reflect the influence of heterogeneity in the uppermost mantle on crustal faulting processes.
ISSN: 1525-2027

hal-00689031
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00689031
DOI : 10.1029/2011GC003736

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
New investigations in the Neogene Boudinar basin (Morocco) provide new information about the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) and Zanclean reflooding in the southern part of the Alboran realm (westernmost Mediterranean). Based on a new field, sedimentological and palaeontological analyses, the age and the geometry of both the Messinian erosional surface (MES) and the overlying deposits have been determined. The MES is of late Messinian age and was emplaced in subaerial settings. In the Boudinar basin, a maximum of 200 m of Miocene sediments was eroded, including late Messinian gypsum blocks. The original geometry of the MES is preserved only when it is overlain by late Messinian continental deposits, conglomeratic alluvial fans or lacustrine marly sediments. These sediments are interpreted as indicators of the sea-level fall during the MSC. Elsewhere in the basin, the contact between late Messinian and early Pliocene deposits is a low-angle dipping, smooth surface that corresponds to the early Pliocene transgression surface that subsequently re-shaped the regressive MES. The early Pliocene deposits are characterized by: (i) their onlap onto either the basement of the Rif chain or the late Miocene deposits; (ii) lagoonal deposits at the base to offshore marls and sands at the top (earliest Pliocene; 5.33–5.04 Ma interval; foraminifer zone PL1); (iii) marine recovery occurring in the 5.32–5.26 Ma interval; and (iv) the change from lagoonal to offshore environments occurring within deposits tens of metres thick. This information indicates that at least the end of the reflooding period was progressive, not catastrophic as previously thought.
ISSN: 0037-0738

hal-01306672
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01306672
DOI : 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2015.12.014

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Serpentinites are one of the major components of the oceanic lithosphere and are stable in the slab and the mantle wedge up to 100-150 km depth in subduction zones. During oceanic mantle hydration and alteration, they trap trace and fluid mobile (FME: B, Li, As, Sb, Rb, Ba, Cs, Sr, U and Pb) elements that participate to elemental transfer occurring between the dehydrating slab and the mantle wedge in subduction context. The Lanzo massif is an eclogitized oceanic lithosphere that preserved its oceanic structure and recorded different steps of serpentinization/de-serpentinization from oceanic lizardite to prograde antigorite in subduction context, up to its dehydration and secondary olivine crystallization, and finally retrograde antigorite during massif exhumation. It constitutes a suitable place to study trace element behavior during serpentinization/de-serpentinization processes and associated chemical transfers between the different envelopes of the oceanic lithosphere and the mantle wedge. Geochemical analyses of serpentine and associated minerals show that the serpentinization/de-serpentinization of the Lanzo massif took place in a relatively closed system without significant trace element transfer between the different parts of the oceanic lithosphere. In the deeper part of the lithosphere, from the slightly serpentinized mantle peridotites (SSP, < 20% serpentinization) to the paleo-Moho, composed of massive serpentinites (MS, 80% serpentinization), the trace elements mobility is reduced. The chemical composition of lizardite and antigorite is homogenized with the local degree of serpentinization: in SSP, serpentine veins composition is inherited from the host mineral while, in MS, their composition is homogenous between destabilized phases at the scale of the outcrop (~ 5 m). In the shallowest part of the oceanic lithosphere, from the paleo-Moho to the oceanic paleo-seafloor, the serpentinites are foliated (FS, > 90% serpentinization). In that zone, the alpine deformation enhances the mobility of trace elements and permits their redistribution and the homogenization of antigorite composition at massif scale. Locally, in the SSP and MS, the crystallization of metamorphic veins of ~ 1-2 m corresponds to channelized fluid flows that allowed fluid transfers - and thereby trace elements - to longer distance. The successive crystallizations of antigorite and then olivine are accompanied by a diminution of some FME (B, Li, As, Sb, Ba, Rb) and Eu contents attesting that these elements are removed from slab to mantle wedge during subduction.
ISSN: 0009-2541

hal-00937661
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00937661
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.08.025