L'élevage de la crevette tropicale d'eau douce Auteur(s) : Griessinger, Jean-michel Lacroix, Denis Gondouin, Philippe Résumé : This book represents a two year study by a team of French biologists to collect, summarise and present the experience and knowledge gained in the rearing of the giant freshwater prawn, not only in the French overseas territories but also in the main countries which are developing this culture. This document comprises four parts :
- The first describes the world market. The prawn rearing is already an economic reality in the tropical world, the United States and in Europe.
- The second on shows that, although the culture techniques are quite complex, production systems can be adapted to local conditions and markets.
- The third part is a practical guide, both for investors and farmers, giving all necessary data to start-up and monitor a project in the best conditions.
- The final part summarises the main elements of the biology of this species, in order that people interested in its development may have a better understanding of its life history.
The authors were based at the aquaculture laboratory of the Ifremer station of French Guiana from 1989 to 1990 and had 15 years previous experience of this culture in Tahiti and the Caribbean. Regarding this initial complete French synthesis on this species in a special care has been given to balance accurate scientific reporting with the objective of reaching a wider audience.
Quinze années d'expérience sur l'élevage de la crevette d'eau douce tropicale, à Tahiti, aux Antilles et en Guyane, comme dans les principaux pays qui pratiquent cet élevage, sont rassemblées et synthétisées dans cet ouvrage. - Où en est le marché mondial ? Cet élevage est déjà une réalité économique dans le monde tropical, comme sur les marchés américain ou européen. - L'exploitation du cheptel est complexe, mais des schémas de production peuvent être adaptés aux conditions locales d'élevage et de marché. - Ce guide pratique donne toutes les informations nécessaires pour monter un projet et le mettre en oeuvre dans de bonnes conditions. - Pour élever la crevette, il faut mieux la connaître. On trouve ici les éléments essentiels de la biologie de cette espèce. L'ouvrage a été rédigé par l'équipe du laboratoire d'aquaculture de la station Ifremer de Guyane en 1989 et 1990. Ce guide, première synthèse en langue française, est unique en son genre. Il équilibre rigueur scientifique et esprit de vulgarisation pour s'adresser aussi bien aux scientifiques et techniciens qu'aux éleveurs ou aux décideurs du développement. Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1991/rapport-639.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/639/ | Partager |
Biofouling development and its effect on growth and reproduction of the farmed pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera Auteur(s) : Lacoste, Elise Le Moullac, Gilles Levy, Peva Gueguen, Yannick Gaertner-mazouni, Nabila Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Science Bv Résumé : In bivalve aquaculture, dominant fouling organisms are filter feeders which can compete for food with reared bivalves, sometimes causing mortality or reducing their growth rate. This study investigated the effect of biofouling on the farmed pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera in two lagoons of French Polynesia. Survival, growth and reproduction of 2 year-old pearl oysters were monitored with regular sampling schedules, from the initial stage of colonization up to 20 months of biofouling accumulation. Control groups of pearl oysters were kept free of biofouling as is the current practice in pearl farms. After more than a year of monitoring, no significant difference was recorded in shell growth rate between pearl oysters reared with epibionts and the control group of pearl oysters, at both sites. Mean annual shell growth rate (height) was 30.5 ± 9.2 mm in Tahiti and 24.8 ± 7.7 mm in Mangareva. Neither the survival nor the reproduction indices were negatively affected by biofouling. In Mangareva, where biofouling development was quantified during 1 year, the rate of colonization appeared to be high during the first 3 months before slowing down. These results raise questions about the necessity of removing biofouling at this stage of pearl oyster production (i.e. before grafting). Aquaculture (0044-8486) (Elsevier Science Bv), 2014-10 , Vol. 434 , P. 18-26 Droits : 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00201/31188/29587.pdf DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.07.012 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00201/31188/ | Partager |
Ten years of experimental rearing of Penaeid shrimp in Tahiti and New Caledonia (South Pacific) Éditeur(s) : Proceedings of the 15 th Meeting World Mariculture Society, Vancouver Résumé : 5ince 1973, the "Centre Océanologique du Pacifique" has been conducting in its Tahitian and New-Caledonian facilities, tropical penaeid shrimp rearings. Up to now, among the different species tested, Penaeus monodon, P. stylirostris, P. indicus and P. vannamei have been selected and currently cultured for several generations. [NOT CONTROLLED OCR] Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1984/acte-4444.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4444/ | Partager |
Shrimp and prawn farming in the western hemisphere Auteur(s) : Aquacop, Aquacop Résumé : Dr. Michel explained that obtaining spawners in Japan and the United States is quite different from the Tahitian problem, since AQUACOP's gravid shrimp must be flown in to Papeete from New Caledonia or the Fiji Islands and then trucked several hours to the Centre Oceanologique. [NOT CONTROLLED OCR] Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1977/rapport-4440.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4440/ | Partager |
Expériences 97 sur l'influence des sédiments du bassin d'élevage sur la physiologie de Penaeus stylirostris Auteur(s) : Cochard, Jean-claude Résumé : Les crevettes pénéides maintenues captives dans des cages posées sur le fond des bassins d'élevage subissent un stress dû au sédiment qui peut être évalué par la comparaison entre la valeur de la pression osmotique de leur hémolymphe et celle des crevettes libres du même bassin. Les objectifs des travaux réalisés à la station de Saint-Vincent (SASV, Nouvelle Calédonie) étaient de confirmer la variabilité spatiale de l'intensité du stress et de rechercher dans les sédiments un indicateur physique ou chimique corrélé à ce stress. Des lots de 25 à 30 crevettes de 13,2g, pêchées à l'épervier, ont été placés dans des cages de grillage métallique déposées en 12 points du bassin d'élevage. Les cages ont été relevées au bout de 24 heures et la pression osmotique des crevettes au stade d'inter-mue C comparée à celles d'individus libres pêchés le même jour. L'expérience ayant été renouvelée 4 fois, le plan expérimental était constitué de 4 blocs de 12 cages. Les caractéristiques du sédiment ont été étudiées sur deux séries de mesures in situ (pH de l'eau interstitielle, potentiel d'oxydoréduction) ou de prélèvements (matière sèche, taux de matière organique, teneur en azote ammoniacal) réalisés à proximité immédiate du point de dépôt des cages. L'étude révèle l'existence d'un gradient significatif d'intensité du stress chez les crevettes captives, elle a permis de détecter une corrélation linéaire très significative entre le pH de surface des sédiments et la capacité osmorégulatrice des crevettes. Ces observations ont été confirmées par une étude expérimentale réalisée à Tahiti au Centre Océanologique du Pacifique. Droits : 1997 Ifremer http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00131/24265/22263.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00131/24265/ | Partager Voir aussi Penaeus stylirostris capacité osmorégulatrice stress sédiment aquaculture Crustacés. crevettes pénéides pH Télécharger |
La géologie et les mines de la France d'outre-mer : recueil de conférences Auteurs secondaires : Lacroix, Alfred (1863-1948) Bureau d'études géologiques et minières (France) Année de publication : Éditeur(s) : Paris : Société d'éditions géographiques, maritimes et coloniales Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19 Droits : Domaine public Provenance : Collectivité territoriale de Guyane. Bibliothèque Alexandre-Franconie Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/FRA12007 FRA12007 | Partager Publier le document : Publier le document : Voir aussi Géologie Minerai Hydrologie Gisement métal Or Guyane française Martinique Guadeloupe Nouvelle-Calédonie La Réunion Madagascar Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon Tunisie ; Télécharger |
Assessment of tropical shrimp aquaculture impact on the environment in tropical countries, using hydrobiology, ecology and remote sensing as helping tools for diagnosis Auteur(s) : Fuchs, Jacques Martin, Jean-louis M. Populus, Jacques Résumé : After a period of rapid development of the sites (an increase in both reared surface area and production), tropical shrimp aquaculture is currently being faced with critical problems due to economical and ecological constraints. In many countries with favourable conditions for shrimp aquaculture such as indonesia or Vietnam, sites are often badly selected and/or over-exploited. This conducts to sorne extent to decreases or collapses in the production due to the difficulty in predicting the maximum production capacity of the sites. Furthermore, it appears that production sustainability depends on many factors among which socio-economy and ecolo gy are of prime importance.
The STD3 project titled « Assessment of tropical shrimp aquaculture impact on the environment in tropical countries using hydrobiology, ecology and remote sensing as helping tools for diagnosis )) was initiated in 1994, with the aim to study the sustainability of marine shrimp aquaculture in tropical areas, main! y Indonesia and Vietnam, through the following tasks: (i) improve site selection and study the impact of aquaculture on marine environments presenting a variable sensitivity to organic sewage, (ii) analyse the socio-economical aspects and profitability of the aquaculture industry and of common resources (iii) use remote sensing and geographical data bases for diagnosis and monitoring of site degradation (iv) reinforce the capacity of Asian
scientists through training.
Severa! aquaculture sites have been investigated in the Lampung region (South Sumatra, Indonesia), the Mekong delta (Vietnam) and on the West coast of New-Caledonia, providing a large range of typical ecosystems encountered in Asia and in the Pacifie, from coralline sites to coastal plains with mangrove and deltaic areas. The study concerned the spatial structure and seasonal influence of these ecosystems, the temporal variation during the course of the project (3 years) and the relation between the ecological structure and farm productions.
Remote sensing provides a synoptic vision over large land expanses. Severa! scenes were processed for landuse mapping using conventional classification techniques. Concerning water quality assessment, a general relation for the Java sea was found between image and field data in terms of total suspended matter. Applying this relation to a new site in Sumatra has provided an initial approach to water type and, together with land use mapping, a preliminary assessment of the suitability of the area to shrimp aquaculture development.
Socio-economic research has been focused on the identification ofneeds for collective action, including public policy, in the perspective of shrimp farming sustainability. The main concern is in the regulation of shrimp farming intensification and extensification at the scale of coastal ecosystemic entities in a common property resource management perspective. The common considered here is coastal water quality. Comparing the local development profiles and the institutional grounds for the design and implementation of collective management rules shows that variables such as land tenure system, farm owner socio-economic profile, social homogeneity or heterogeneity of the farmers are key factors to analyse the potential for sustainability. The defmition of
water quality and the possible means to ensure its collective management are discussed. The main conclusion is that the economie incentives to farming development are strong but there is no significant difference among traditional, semi-intensive and intensive systems in terms of economie efficiency or wealth distribution.
The description of the functioning of the different kinds of ecosystems make it possible to give an advice concerning the positioning of the activity inside the ecosystem, and furthermore to have a reference state in order to determine the impact of the activity on the coastal environnement. This impact can be summarized as an increase in the concentration of total suspended matt€?r, of particulate organic matter and of sulfate reducing bacterias. This organic ma~.er is either issued from rearing activities or from telluric origine, due to mangrove eradication when building the ponds.
An evaluation of the relationship existing between productivity and characteristics of each ecosystem bas been conducted by correlating ecological indicators data (concentration of total suspended matter, particulate organic matter, chlorophyll, percentage of pheopigments in total pigments and cyanobacteria and sulfatereducing bacteria in water and sediments) with the average production of the farms. This comparison lead to the compilation of a scale of observed production integrating the range of these environmental parameters with shrimp production levels, bound to facilitate the positioning of shrimp farming in relation with the confmement leve! of each ecosystem.
Lastly, ali geographie data originated from the various compartments of the study have been geo-referenced and loaded into a geographical information system. This allows to display any query made on spatial variables and their related statistical data, including the ir variations over the last few years and to reveal patterns and phenomena otherwise not obvious. Le programme mis en oeuvre par la DRV (Paris, CREMA-L'Houmeau, DELIAO Brest, COP Tahiti, GIE/RA Nouvelle Calédonie), dans le cadre d'un projet européen STD3 «(Sciences et Technique au Service du Développement», en collaboration avec l'Université de Montpellier II, l'Ecole Nationale d'Agronomie de Rennes, l'ITC (Hollande), l'Institut Océanographique de Nha Trang (Vietnam), le BADC de Jepara et le BPPT de Jakarta (Indonésie), avait pour but la mise au point de méthodes permettant d'améliorer la sélection des sites ainsi que le suivi du développement et de l'impact de l'aquaculture des crevettes Péneides en milieu tropical pour éviter la surexploitation. Quatre axes de recherche ont été défmis : a) identifier la nature et quantifier les rejets de déchets issus de ce type d'aquaculture, b) définir les caractéristiques écologiques des écosystèmes susceptibles d'accueillir l'activité aquacole et suivre leur évolution sous l'influence des rejets, c) déterminer l'influence de la gestion des fermes et des ressources (aspects économiques) sur les performances de productivité, d) déterminer la capacité de la télédétection comme outil de diagnostic d'impact à l'échelle de la région, e) mener un programme de formation d'étudiants et jeunes chercheurs Vietnamiens et Indonésiens. Droits : 1998 Ifremer http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00132/24357/22357.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00132/24357/ | Partager |
Environmental significance of microbialites in reef environments during the last deglaciation Auteur(s) : Camoin, G Cabioch, G Eisenhauer, A Braga, J Hamelin, B Lericolais, Gilles Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Résumé : In situ microbialites occurring in reef rocks dredged between 80 and 130 in water depth on the modern fore-reef slopes of Tahiti and the Marquesas islands yield ages ranging from 17,100 2900 to 4410 2250 years BP, suggesting that they played a prominent role during the last deglacial sea level rise. Microbialites developed in both shallow and deep water depositional environments where they characterize various zones of the reef tracts (reef crests, upper reef slopes, deep fore-reef slopes), reflecting contrasting scenarios of microbialite development involving ''reefal microbialites'' in shallow-water settings and ''slope microbialites'' that formed in environments deeper than 1020 in and extending down to more than 100 m. Reefal microbialites correspond to a late stage of encrustation of the dead parts of coral colonies, or more commonly, of related encrusting organisms (red algae and foraminifers), thus forming surface crusts. Slope microbialites generally form the ultimate stage of a biological succession indicating a deepening sequence, whereby shallow water corals and associated encrusting organisms are replaced by deeper water assemblages of red algae and foraminifers before microbialite growth. The precipitation of phosphatic-iron-manganese crusts and the deposition of planktonic micritic limestones on the microbialites characterize a deepening-upward sequence. The widespread development of microbialites in reef sequences from the Last Deglaciation characterizes a period of environmental degradation consequential oil the rapid sea-level rise and abrupt climatic changes of that time. The reported biological succession reflects changes in water quality, and especially an increase in nutrients. In shallow-water settings, increased alkalinity and nutrient availability in interstitial waters were related to surface fluxes and terrestrial groundwater seepage while slope environments were exposed to continuous upwelling of nutrient-rich deeper waters during the last deglacial sea level rise. The age differences between corals and overlying slope microbialites range from 1600 to 8400 years, based on high-precision U-series age measurements of both corals and microbialites, and indicates that a significant time (several thousand years) elapsed between the development of the coralgal frameworks and the growth of slope microbialite crusts. Microbialites cannot be considered as part of the drowning event some 14,000 years ago that resulted in the demise of reef frameworks in the 90-110 m present depth range, but are Substantially younger. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Sedimentary Geology (0037-0738) (Elsevier), 2006-03 , Vol. 185 , N. 3-4 , P. 277-295 Droits : 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-4204.pdf DOI:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.12.018 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4204/ | Partager Voir aussi Sea level changes Nutrients French polynesia Holocene Last deglaciation Microbialites Coral reefs Télécharger |
Effluents from land based marine farms: nature, treatment, valorisation, modelisation. Applications to fish and shrimp rearing Auteur(s) : Hussenot, Jerome Lefebvre, Sebastien Martin, Jean-louis Éditeur(s) : Man and Coastal Areas – Towards a sustainable Aquaculture, May 2000 Résumé : Fish culture (seabass, turbot...) on the French metropolitan coast, and shrimp culture in the overseas territories (essentially New Caledonia and Tahiti) are subject to a regular development through land based farms. Three thematic of research on aquaculture ponds are carried out in CREMA-L’Houmeau, in collaboration with producers. The aim of the first one is to determine the optimal rearing conditions (stocking density, water renewal rate, input of oxygen, rate of feeding...) which allow to minimise the quantity of wastes for a similar final biomass. The second part aims to reduce the nutrient loading in the effluent, through open-air treatments: sedimentation ponds, foam fractionation, mass production of phytoplankton, and rearing of molluscs on the produced phytoplankton. The third part concerns research aiming to model the “ production - treatment - valorisation ” relationships. Droits : 2000 Ifremer http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00016/12728/9650.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00016/12728/ | Partager |
Prophylaxie des poissons lagonaires en élevage Auteur(s) : Rarahu, David Van Cam, Ambre Soupe, Marie-estelle Cochennec-laureau, Nathalie Résumé : Depuis 2001, le Service de la Pêche (SPE) a initié un projet de recherche sur la domestication de deux espèces de poissons lagonaires « Mo’i » (Polydactylus sexfilis) et le « Paraha peue », (Platax orbicularis) en collaboration avec l’Ifremer du Centre de Tahiti. La collaboration a pour objectif essentiel de maîtriser le cycle de reproduction complet et la zootechnie des deux espèces. Toutefois, ces élevages ont été rapidement confrontés à des épisodes de mortalités. Pour répondre à ces problèmes récurrents et en fonction des différentes hypothèses émises lors des mortalités, plusieurs techniques d’analyse complémentaires ont été développées (état frais, histologie, bactériologie, biologie moléculaire). Des traitements spécifiques ont été proposés aussi bien au niveau thérapeutique que préventif en soutien à la filière aquacole.
Ce rapport de convention comporte cinq parties. La première partie décrit les différentes techniques d’analyse mises en oeuvre pour détecter les principaux organismes pathogènes rencontrés chez les poissons en élevage au COP. Selon les hypothèses infectieuses émises lors des épisodes de mortalités, différentes techniques sont utilisées : état frais, histologie, bactériologie et biologie moléculaire.
Dans la deuxième partie, nous détaillons les principaux agents pathogènes rencontrés lors des expertises durant cette convention. Une description précise de chaque bioagresseur est établie, accompagnée des différentes méthodes d’identification et de diagnostic. Des traitements spécifiques sont proposés aussi bien au niveau thérapeutique que préventif.
La troisième partie, une description des techniques d’écloserie et d’élevage réalisées au COP est présentée avec un point particulier sur les mesures prophylactiques développées et améliorées. Ces éléments constituent un soutien technique pour la filière aquacole polynésienne.
Une partie est consacrée aux différentes collaborations mise en place dans le domaine de la santé aquacole. Elles ont pour objectif l’acquisition de connaissances au niveau du diagnostic, du traitement et de la prévention des pathologies rencontrées en milieu aquacole. La mise en place de ce réseau international d’experts sera un soutien pour un diagnostic précis et rapide des nouvelles pathologies survenants dans les élevages aquacoles polynésiens.
La dernière partie de ce rapport retrace l’expertise effectuée par le laboratoire de référence de l’OIE sur les élevages de crevettes (Litopenaeus stylirostris). Cette analyse permet d’évaluer l’état sanitaire actuel des élevages locaux. Il déterminera les mesures de bioscurisation à mettre en oeuvre pour protéger la filière crevetticole. Droits : 2008 Ifremer, Service de la pêche http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00128/23884/21817.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00128/23884/ | Partager |
Le suivi de l'état des récifs coralliens de Polynésie Française et leur récente évolution Auteur(s) : Salvat, B Aubanel, A Adjeroud, M Bouisset, P Calmet, D Chancerelle, Y Cochennec, Nathalie Davies, N Éditeur(s) : Société Nationale de Protection de la Nature Résumé : Monitoring of French Polynesia coral reefs and their recent development.-French Polynesia, consisting of 118 islands in the centre of the Pacific Ocean, has more than 15 000 km(2) of reefs and lagoons managed by the local government. Tourism and pearl culture are the two main economic resources of the country. Polynesian coral reefs are extremely diverse and are among those for which we have thorough knowledge. The exploitation of local resources has been recorded for multiple decades and includes : coral materials, fishing, harvest and export of mother-of-pearl molluscs, pearl production, and ornamental fish. All over the country, many monitoring programmes have been launched to measure the health of reefs and the natural and anthropogenic perturbations that they suffer : hurricanes and seismic events, water quality, health of benthic and fish communities, pearl oyster pathology and radiobiology. These data, collected over the last few decades, allowed to define the relative importance of natural and anthropogenic degradation on reefs and lagoons, and to explain the present status of reefs at different spatial scales. Devastating hurricanes are rare (1903-1906, 1982-1983 and occasionally at other times), but they may annihilate outer slope coral communities on some islands. Bleaching events with considerable coral mortality at different geographical scales occurred mainly in 1991, 1994 and 2003. Outbreaks of Acanthaster destroyed numerous reefs (lagoons and outer slopes) from 1978-1982 and a new demographic wave began in 2006 at many Society islands. Eutrophication events only occurred occasionally and only in some lagoons. Whereas natural catastrophic events degrade the coral reef ecosystem across many islands, at the archipelago or even regional scale, anthropogenic degradation is limited to a few Society Islands, occurring rarely on atolls and not at all on those (one third) which are uninhabited. The main causes of reef degradation in some areas of Tahiti and Moorea include the embankment of fringing zones, coral mining, overfishing, absence of urban sewage treatment and the development of leisure and tourism activities. Because of its large geographical extent, one may conclude that major reef degradation in French Polynesia is caused by catastrophic natural events. On the other hand, anthropogenic degradation is more localized. Unfortunately, the synergistic effects of these causes of degradation prevent reefs from recovering. Optimum coral cover on French Polynesian outer reef slopes is between 50-60%. After a major destructive impact (hurricane, bleaching, Acanthaster) a reef is reduced to less than 10% coral cover, however if no more major disturbance events occur a reef will recover in about 12 years. Most of the 15 000 km(2) of reefs and lagoons in French Polynesia are in good health, and along with their neighbouring reefs in East and Central Pacific they are considered as the least degraded reefs worldwide and at a low risk of becoming degraded in the few next decades. However, we are more and more anxious about the future of reefs in the world particularly because present simulations predict that major impacts of climate change would include : elevation of sea surface temperatures, increase in the strength of hurricanes and acidification of seawater which will affect the formation of coral structures. La Polynésie française, 118 îles au coeur du Pacifique, possède une surface de plus de 15 000 km2 de récifs et lagons gérés par le gouvernement polynésien. Le tourisme et la perliculture représentent les deux ressources économiques majeures du Pays. Les formations récifales très diversifiées sont parmi les mieux connues. Plusieurs suivis d'exploitation des ressources sont opérationnels depuis des décennies : granulats coralliens, pêche pour l'alimentation, collecte et exportation de mollusques nacriers, production de perles, poissons d'ornement. À l'échelle du Pays de très nombreux programmes de surveillance de l'état des récifs et des perturbations qu'ils subissent, naturelles et anthropiques, ont été mis en place : perturbations cycloniques et sismiques, qualité des eaux, état de santé des peuplements benthiques et ichtyologiques, pathologie des nacres, radiobiologie. Toutes ces données recueillies au fi l des décennies ont permis d'établir l'importance relative des dégradations naturelles et anthropiques sur les récifs et lagons polynésiens et d'expliquer leur état de santé actuel en considérant différentes échelles spatiales. Les périodes cycloniques dévastatrices pour les récifs sont rares (1903-1906, 1982-1983 et épisodiquement) mais les cyclones ont parfois anéanti les communautés coralliennes de pentes externes dans certaines îles. Les blanchissements suivis de mortalités importantes à des échelles spatiales diverses, ont été surtout ceux de 1991, 1994 et 2003. Les explosions démographiques d'Acanthaster ont détruit de nombreux récifs (lagons et pentes externes) en 1978-1982 et une nouvelle pullulation s'amplifie depuis 2006 dans plusieurs îles de la Société. Les crises dystrophiques n'ont perturbé qu'épisodiquement certains lagons. [...] Revue d'Ecologie de la Terre et de la Vie (0249-7395) (Société Nationale de Protection de la Nature), 2008 , Vol. 63 , N. 1-2 , P. 145-177 Droits : 2008 Société Nationale de Protection de la Nature http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-4558.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4558/ | Partager |
Rapport annuel 1992 Résumé : L'IFREMER gère un budget de 993 millions de francs dont l'origine provient en majeure partie de la subvention que lui verse lÉtat et à laquelle s'ajoutent des ressources propres que son statut d'EPIC (établissement public à caractère industriel et commercial) lui permet de développer ; leur évolution constitue chaque année une priorité de l'établissement. Un peu plus de 1 200 ingénieurs, chercheurs, techniciens et administratifs participent aux multiples missions de l'IFREMER. Ces personnels travaillent au siège social à Issy-les-Moulineaux et dans 5 centres (Boulogne-sur- Mer, Brest, Nantes, Toulon, Tahiti), 5 délégations Outre-Mer, 15 stations et plusieurs points isolés répartis le long du littoral français. [OCR NON CONTRÔLE] Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1992/rapport-4812.PDF http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4812/ | Partager |
Microsatellite-associated heterosis in hatchery-propagated stocks of the shrimp Penaeus stylirostris Auteur(s) : Bierne, Nicolas Bezuart, Ivan Vonau, Vincent Bonhomme, François Bedier, Edouard Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Résumé : Correlation between DNA microsatellite heterozygosity and growth rate was investigated in two hatchery-propagated stocks of the shrimp Penaeus stylirostris, which had been genetically isolated from wild founders for 17 generations, and from each other for five more generations. presumed demographic history of these populations suggested that they were maintained at small effective population sizes. and this was confirmed by significant changes in allelic frequencies between the two stocks. Despite a small sample size (n = 60) and a small number of loci screened, a significant positive correlation was detected between microsatellite tri-locus heterozygosity and growth rate in one of the two stocks (r = 0.3, P = 0.02). In the other stock (n = 48), the positive correlation was not significant, but the combined test of single locus heterozygote advantage over the three loci was significant (P = 0.005).Use of DNA microsatellite markers, whose selectively neutral status is generally accepted, allowed us to reject the hypothesis of direct overdominance at marker loci as an explanation for an association of growth rate with heterozygosity. The average depression associated with one locus in our case is above or equivalent to the amount observed for a 10% increase of inbreeding in other species. These results suggest that heterozygosity at neutral marker loci is sufficiently well correlated with individual inbreeding coefficients to reveal a significant residual inbreeding load for growth rate in Tahitian P. stylirostris stocks. Inbreeding during hatchery propagation was, thus, insufficient to purge the ancestral load. Aquaculture (0044-8486) (Elsevier), 2000-04 , Vol. 184 , N. 3-4 , P. 203-219 Droits : 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2000/publication-753.pdf DOI:10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00331-2 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/753/ | Partager Voir aussi Penaeus stylirostris Heterozygosity Marker associated heterosis Inbreeding depression Microsatellites Télécharger |
Rapport annuel 1999 Résumé : Président de l'Ifremer depuis mars 2000, je suis amené à commenter le bilan de l'activité de notre organisme au cours de 1999, et a traduire l'action de mon prédécesseur, Pierre David. La plupart des réalisations, des résultats ou des réorganisations prennent leur source dans des choix des années précédentes, et donc dans sa stratégie a l'échelle de son mandat. Les priorités affichées par Pierre David concernaient l'environnement du littoral, la gestion des ressources halieutiques et le rôle d'agence de moyens a la mer. En ce qui concerne le rôle d'agence de moyens. le nombre de jours de mer de la flotte hauturière a baissé en 1999 de 10% par rapport a 1998, mais cela résulte d'un choix d'investissement et de développement technologique préparant le futur: le Nadir a largement été employé au test de la nouvelle sismique multitraces, le plus performant des outils de recherche académique en Europe, tandis que Le Suroît a été désarmé pour sa refonte. Les océanographes disposeront ainsi d'un navire de taille moyenne performant et bien équipé pour les dix prochaines années. II faut aussi noter l'entrée en fonctionnement du Victor 6000, le nouvel engin téléopéré. L'étude des ressources halieutiques s'oriente plus nettement vers celle de I'. écologie halieutique, notamment avec l'ouverture du chantier du golfe de Gascogne dans le cadre du Pnec (programme national de l'environnement côtier), ainsi qu'avec la poursuite des développements d'outils de pêche sélective. D'autre part, on notera la contribution de l'Ifremer au renforcement de la concertation internationale sur les pêches méditerranéennes. L'aquaculture poursuit son recentrage, avec un moindre effort en zootechnie, mais des développements "amont" sur les questions des pathologies, de la sélection génétique et du respect des contraintes d'environnement. Le succès économique de la perliculture à Tahiti et de la crevetticulture en Nouvelle Calédonie se confirme. [OCR NON CONTRÔLE] Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1999/rapport-5299.PDF http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/5299/ | Partager |
Reproduction in captivity and growth of Penaeus monodon, Fabricius in Polynesia Auteur(s) : Aquacop, Aquacop Éditeur(s) : 8 th Workshop of World Mariculture Society, Costa Rica, 10-13 janvier 1977 Résumé : To develop shrimp fanning in French Polynesia where no indigenous commercial species of penaeid prawn exists, the first step is to select the right species according to the following criteria: maturation and spawning in captivity, mass production of post-larvae, fast growth at semi-intensive density, acceptability of artificial diet, disease resistance and hardiness. This paper presents the results on P. monodon, Fabricius, the largest Indo-Pacific species. Experiments have been conducted in the "Centre Océanologique du Pacifique" in Tahiti Island where the environmental conditions are water temperature range 25-29 C, salinity 35 ppt, pH 8.2. [NOT CONTROLLED OCR] Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1977/acte-4412.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4412/ | Partager |
Fish aggregating devices (FADs): good or bad fishing tools? A question of scale and knowledge FOREWORD: Tahiti International Conference "Tuna Fisheries and FADs", November 2011 Auteur(s) : Taquet, Marc Éditeur(s) : Edp Sciences S A Résumé : It is estimated that fish aggregating devices (FADs) are now used for over 40% of world tropical tuna catches, making this technique a major phenomenon for high seas fisheries worldwide, and one that has experienced great expansion over the past three decades. The question of whether the FAD is a good or a bad tool for the exploitation of marine resources depends on many parameters. To respond to this question, it is necessary to distinguish different scales of exploitation (artisanal vs. industrial) and various types of FADs (anchored vs. drifting), but it is also very important to gather more data and conduct further research on this topic to gain a better understanding of the phenomenon and of its impacts. As such, twelve years after the first international conference devoted to FADs, which was held in Martinique (French West Indies), a new multi-scalar global assessment of FAD fisheries development and a review of the progress of research in this field was deemed vital. The latest international conference, "Tuna Fisheries and Fish Aggregating Devices", was held in Tahiti in November 2011, and it was an event that welcomed nearly 150 conference attendees from 40 different countries, three ocean regions, and the Mediterranean. This is an analysis of the relevant literature gathered by the author in the bibliographic database FADBASE. Then, the major issues already addressed by the scientific community are set out, and gaps and research priorities are highlighted for anchored and drifting FADs management. Aquatic Living Resources (0990-7440) (Edp Sciences S A), 2013-01 , Vol. 26 , N. 1 , P. 25-35 Droits : EDP Sciences, IFREMER, IRD 2013 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00137/24835/22915.pdf DOI:10.1051/alr/2013043 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00137/24835/ | Partager |
Characterization of molecular processes involved in the pearl formation in Pinctada margaritifera for a sustainable development of pearl farming industry in French Polynesia Auteur(s) : Gueguen, Yannick Montagnani, Caroline Joubert, Caroline Marie, Benjamin Belliard, Corinne Tayale, Alexandre Fievet, Julie Levy, Peva Résumé : Tahiti’s pearl farming industry plays a major socio-economic role in French Polynesia. In an increasingly competitive market where the production of high quality pearls becomes essential, research can help secure and ensure sustainable production. In that context, Ifremer, in close collaboration with the “direction des resources marines” (French Polynesian government agency) has developed research projects on the “sustainable development of pearl farming”.
This program is organized along 3 axes: (1) understanding the animal physiology and initiating a genetically selective breeding program of donor oysters; (2)
understanding pearl oyster larvae dispersal and recruitment; (3) understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying biomineralization processes during
shell and pearl formation. It is in this frame that we have developed a highthroughput Expressed Sequence Tags pyrosequencing program on the calcifying
mantle, combined with proteomic analyses of the shell and pearl. We analyzed 276738 EST sequences, leading to the constitution of a P. margaritifera mantle
transcripts catalogue of 82 sequences potentially involved in biomineralization. Our results provided direct evidence that our ESTs data set covers a large
number of the matrix proteins of P. margaritifera. In addition, our proteomic analysis enabled us to retrieve, in silico, all the sequences from P. margaritifera
involved in the biomineralization process already published on databases. Integration of these two methods allowed, for the first time, the global composition of calcifying tissue and calcified structures to be examined in tandem. Recent Advances in Pearl Research—Proceedings of the International Symposium on Pearl Research 2011.Edited by Shugo Watabe, Kaoru Maeyama and Hiromichi Nagasawa. 2013. ISBN : 978-4-88704-158-5. pp.184-194 Droits : 2013 TERRAPUB. All rights reserved. http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00167/27840/26049.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00167/27840/ | Partager |
The evolution of the clear water hatchery system for Macrobrachium rosenbergii in the French West Indies from 1979 to 1984 Auteur(s) : Lacroix, Denis Robin, Thierry Sica Aquacole De Martinique, Aquacop, Éditeur(s) : Proceedings of 16th annual meeting of the World Mariculture Society; Orlando, Fla, USA. 13-17 Jan. 1985 Résumé : The clearwater larval rearing method for Macrobrachium rosenbergii was perfected in the french research center of Tahiti in 1977 nad carried on to improve the technique especially on recirculating system. This aquaculture is launched in Martinique by the regional council in 1976. A first "green water" hatchery is built and provides juveniles to the first ponds. Droits : Ifremer http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00040/15165/12502.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00040/15165/ | Partager |
Production of feeds to support shrimp farming in Tahiti (french Polynesia) Auteur(s) : AQUACOP Éditeur(s) : 1st International Biennal Conference on Warm Water Aquaculture - Crustacea 02/9-11/83 Brigham Young University. Hawai Résumé : Shrimp production mainly of Macrobrachium rosenbergii but also of peneids is now starting on a commercial basis in Tahiti. This production is sustained by conjugated efforts of Service de l'économie Rurale, Office de la Recherche et des Ressources Océaniques (ORERO) et Centre Océanologique du Pacifique (COP). Different kind of feeds have been developed and produced. [NOT CONTROLLED OCR] Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1983/acte-4446.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4446/ | Partager |
Initial bioerosion and bioaccretion on experimental substrates in high island and atoll lagoons (French Polynesia) Auteur(s) : Peyrotclausade, M Lecampionalsumard, T Hutchings, P Lecampion, J Payri, C Fontaine, Melanie Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-Villars Résumé : In order to estimate the losses of CaCO3 from bioerosion (grazing and boring), experimental coral substrates were laid in the lagoons of high islands and atolls in French Polynesia. After six months of exposure, the sites could be divided into those exhibiting net bioerosion and those exhibiting net accretion. Of the five sites exhibiting net bioerosion (grazing and macroboring greater than accretion), three were located off high islands and two in atoll lagoons. The average net rate of bioerosion was greatest at Faaa in Papeete Bay, Tahiti (10.45 kg.m(-2).yr(-1)). Of, the two sites exhibiting net accretion, the greatest rate of gain (0.81 kg.m(-2).yr(-1)) was recorded at the eastern site in Takapoto lagoon. Recorded differences in the composition and distribution of macroborers, microborers and the algal turf appeared to be related to the presence or absence of grazing sea urchins (Echino-metra mathaei). It is suggested that the high densities of algal turf recorded at Faaa are a result of elevated nutrients at this site, originating in the sewage discharge from nearby residential and industrial sites. Oceanologica Acta (0399-1784) (Gauthier-Villars), 1995 , Vol. 18 , N. 5 , P. 531-541 Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00097/20795/18419.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00097/20795/ | Partager |