Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Science Bv
Résumé : Academia and management agencies show a growing interest for ecosystem-based fishery management (EBFM). However, the way to operationalize this approach remains challenging. The present paper illustrates how the concepts of stochastic co-viability, which accounts for dynamic complexities, uncertainties, risk and sustainability constraints, can be useful for the implementation of EBFM. In the present case, this concept is used to identify fishing strategies that satisfy both ecological conservation and economic sustainability in a multi-species, multi-fleet context. Economic Viability Analysis (EVA) and the broader Co-Viability Analysis (CVA), are proposed to expand the usual Population Viability Analysis (PVA) and precautionary approach. An illustration is proposed, using data on the fisheries of Bay of Biscay (France) exploiting the stocks of nephrops and hake. Stochastic simulations show how CVA can guarantee both ecological (stock) and economic (profit) sustainability. Using 2008 as a baseline, the model is used to identify fishing efforts that ensure such co-viability. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Ecological Economics (0921-8009) (Elsevier Science Bv), 2012-03 , Vol. 75 , P. 32-42

Droits : 2012 Elsevier Science Bv
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00074/18571/16153.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.01.005
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00074/18571/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Aims: The aims of this study were to compare short-and long-term outcomes for clinical T2N0 oesophageal cancer with analysis of (i) primary surgery (S) versus neoadjuvant therapy plus surgery (NS), (ii) squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma subsets; and (iii) neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Methods: Data were collected from 30 European centres from 2000 to 2010. Among 2944 included patients, 355 patients (12.1%) had cT2N0 disease; 285 (S) and 70 (NS), were compared in terms of short-and long-term outcomes. Propensity score matching analyses were used to compensate for differences in baseline characteristics.Results: No significant differences between the groups were shown in terms of in hospital morbidity and mortality. Nodal disease was observed in 50% of S-group at the time of surgery, with 20% pN2/N3. Utilisation of neoadjuvant therapy was associated with significant tumour downstaging as reflected by increases in pT0, pN0 and pTNM stage 0 disease, this effect was further enhanced with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. After adjustment on propensity score and confounding factors, for all patients and subset analysis of squamous cell and adenocarcinoma, neoadjuvant therapy had no significant effect upon survival or recurrence (overall, loco-regional, distant or mixed) compared to surgery alone. There were no significant differences between neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy in short-or long-term outcomes.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that a surgery alone treatment approach should be recommended as the primary treatment approach for cT2N0 oesophageal cancer despite 50% of patients having nodal disease at the time of surgery.
ISSN: 0959-8049

hal-01666517
https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01666517
DOI : 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.11.024

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Au cours de l'année 2014, de nouvelles données publiées dans la BPCO vont nous permettre d'améliorer la prise en charge de nos patients. Le retrait progressif des corticoïdes inhalés (CSI) sous couvert d'une double bronchodilatation en traitement de fond (étude WISDOM) n'a pas été accompagné d'une majoration des exacerbations. Une étude transversale rétrospective canadienne a montré l'intérêt tout particulier des CSI chez les patients de plus de 65 ans. Un travail soulignait l'intérêt probable de la corticothérapie systémique lors des exacerbations traitées par ventilation mécanique, invasive ou non. L'étude COLUMBUS a confirmé l'intérêt des macrolides avec une indication privilégiée de l'azithromycine au long cours chez les patients BPCO présentant des exacerbations fréquentes (≥3/an), ayant un traitement inhalé maximaliste (trithérapie) et sevrés du tabac. Le timing de la réhabilitation respiratoire a été précisé et il semblerait qu'elle ne doive pas être initiée à la phase aiguë (i.e., avant la fin de l'exacerbation chez le patient hospitalisé), ce qui ne remet pas en cause l'intérêt démontré de la réhabilitation respiratoire initiée précocement après exacerbation. Enfin, l'étude STATCOPE retire toute place aux statines dans le traitement de fond des patients atteints de BPCO post-tabagique sans comorbidité cardiovasculaire. Tous ces travaux sont détaillés dans ce manuscrit. , Abstract In 2014 new data on COPD were published that allow us to improve the management of patients. The gradual withdrawal of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) under the cover of double bronchodilatation in baseline treatment (WISDOM study) was not accompanied by an increase in exacerbations. A Canadian retrospective cross sectional study has shown the particular role of ICS in patients over 65 years old. A study underlined the probable role of systemic corticosteroids during exacerbations treated by mechanical ventilation, invasive or not. The COLUMBUS study confirmed the role of macrolides, in particular azithromycin, in the long term treatment of patients with COPD who have frequent exacerbations (3 or more per year) despite taking maximal inhaled therapy and stopping smoking. The timing of pulmonary rehabilitation has been clarified and it seems that it should not be started in the acute phase (i.e. before the end of the exacerbation in hospitalized patients). This questions the demonstrated role of initiation of pulmonary rehabilitation soon after an exacerbation. Finally, the STATCOPE study removes any place for statins in the baseline treatment of COPD patients without cardiovascular comorbidity. All these studies are detailed in this paper.
Mission CPLF 2015. Congrès de Pneumologie de Langue Française
Denver, United States

hal-01198647
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01198647
DOI : 10.1016/S1877-1203(15)30036-7

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Chemical Society
Résumé : International audience
A sediment core encompassing 3500 years of continuous sedimentation has been collected from a coastal lagoon located on the southwestern French Mediterranean coast. Lead concentrations and stable isotopes show that the sediments have recorded the three major periods of Pb pollution: the Etruscan-Greek-Roman period (650 BC to AD 50), the medieval period (AD 650 to AD 1450), and the modern period (from around AD 1850 to the present). These periods were separated by low pollution periods during the Dark Ages (between AD 50 and 650) and during the 16th century. From the end of the 19th century to the 1960s, Pb pollution increased exponentially. Coal combustion was the major source of Pb in the lagoon in the second half of the 20th century. Both the decrease in coal consumption and the ban on leaded gasoline resulted in a decrease in Pb pollution by a factor of 1.5 between 1973 and 1995. From 1991, sewage treatment plants and incinerators could be the major source of Pb. The average baseline Hg concentration from 1525 BC to AD 900 was 0.017 ± 0.003 μg g(-1) (n = 54). The Hg concentrations profile shows three major peaks: in AD 1150, AD 1660, and AD 1969, with the concentrations being respectively 8, 5, and 34 times higher than the baseline levels. The medieval peak (AD 1150) is attributed the medical use of Hg in the town of Montpellier and/or the burning of soil and vegetation. Noticeable Hg pollution was also detected during the 17th century in relation to gold and silver amalgamation in Europe. From the end of the 19th century, Hg concentrations increased exponentially until 1969. This modern pollution is attributed to the burning of coal.
ISSN: 0013-936X

halsde-00639280
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00639280

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
The natural history of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) has been unclear due to the absence of prospective studies. The rate of patients who experience an early progression of their disease is unknown. Additionally, conflicting effects of smoking cessation on the outcome of PLCH have been reported. In this prospective, multicentre study, 58 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed PLCH were comprehensively evaluated over a two-year period. Our objectives were to estimate the incidence of early progression of the disease and to evaluate the impact of smoking status on lung function outcomes. Lung function deterioration was defined as a decrease of at least 15% in FEV1 and/or FVC and/or DLCO, compared with baseline values. At each visit, smoking status was recorded based on the patients' self-reports and urinary cotinine measurements that were blinded for the patients. The cumulative incidence of lung function outcomes over time was estimated using the non-parametric Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate Cox models with time-dependent covariates were used to calculate the hazards ratios of the lung function deterioration associated with smoking status with adjustment for potential confounders. The cumulative incidence of lung function deterioration at 24 months was 38% (22% for FEV1 and DLCO, and 9% for FVC). In the multivariate analysis, smoking status and PaO2 at inclusion were the only factors associated with the risk of lung function deterioration. The patients' smoking statuses markedly changed over time. Only 20% of the patients quit using tobacco for the entire study period. Nevertheless, being a non-smoker was associated with a decreased risk of subsequent lung function deterioration, even after adjustment for baseline predictive factors. By serial lung computed tomography, the extent of cystic lesions increased in only 11% of patients. Serial lung function evaluation on a three- to six-month basis is essential for the follow-up of patients with recently diagnosed PLCH to identify those who experience an early progression of their disease. These patients are highly addicted to tobacco, and robust efforts should be undertaken to include them in smoking cessation programs. ClinicalTrials.gov: No: NCT01225601 .
ISSN: 1750-1172

hal-01146047
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01146047
PUBMED : 25887097
DOI : 10.1186/s13023-015-0249-2

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : This contribution reports our preliminary work to determine Cu isotope ratios for various granite rocks and examine the Cu isotope systematics within granite suites. A chemical procedure, modified from Marechal [Marechal, C.N., Telouk, R and Albarede, F., 1999. Precise analysis of copper and zinc isotopic compositions by plasma-source mass spectrometry. Chemical Geology, 156(1-4): 251-273.], Was used to separate Cu from rock matrix. Quantitative recovery (100.6 +/- 1.6%), with a low total procedural blank (2.65 +/- 0.66 ng) for Cu, has been achieved, allowing Cu isotopic measurements on samples with as little as 10 ppm Cu. The Cu isotope ratios (delta Cu-65 relative to NIST SRM 976) of 32 rock samples, ranging from mafic to felsic compositions, from 3 batholiths (2 I-type, 1 S-type) from the Lachlan Fold Belt in southeastern Australia. vary from -0.46 parts per thousand to 1.51 parts per thousand. Most of them cluster around zero, With mean values for the I-type and S-type granites of 0.03 +/- 0.15 parts per thousand and - 0.03 +/- 0.42 parts per thousand (2 sigma) respectively. These data, together with Cu isotope ratios of two loess samples, provide preliminary evidence that the baseline Cu isotopic composition of the crystalline part of upper continental crust is close to zero. The tight clustering of Cu isotope ratios of rocks from the I-type suites Suggests that high-temperature magmatic processes do not produce significant Cu isotope fractionation. However, two granites with abnormally heavy Cu isotope signatures (up to 1.51 parts per thousand) appears to be the result of localized hydrothermal alteration. Measurable variation in Cu isotopic composition of the S-type granite may reflect isotopic heterogeneity in the sedimentary Source region as a result of redox processes or may be due to hydrothermal overprinting. Thus, Cu isotope geochemistry may be a useful tracer for studying hydrothermal alteration and Source heterogeneity of granitic rocks.
ISSN: 0009-2541

hal-00413130
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00413130
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.06.047

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Long-term exposure to air pollution (AP) has been shown to have an impact on mortality in numerous countries, but since 2005 no data exists for France. We analyzed the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and mortality at the individual level in a large French cohort followed from 1989 to 2013. The study sample consisted of 20,327 adults working at the French national electricity and gas company EDF-GDF. Annual exposure to PM10, PM10–2.5, PM2.5, NO2, O3, SO2, and benzene was assessed for the place of residence of participants using a chemistry-transport model and taking residential history into account. Hazard ratios were estimated using a Cox proportional-hazards regression model, adjusted for selected individual and contextual risk factors. Hazard ratios were computed for an interquartile range (IQR) increase in air pollutant concentrations. The cohort recorded 1967 non-accidental deaths. Long-term exposures to baseline PM2.5, PM10-25, NO2 and benzene were associated with an increase in non-accidental mortality (Hazard Ratio, HR = 1.09; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.20 per 5.9 μg/m3, PM10-25; HR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.15 per 2.2 μg/m3, NO2: HR = 1.14; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.31 per 19.3 μg/m3 and benzene: HR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.22 per 1.7 μg/m3).The strongest association was found for PM10: HR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.25 per 7.8 μg/m3. PM10, PM10-25 and SO2 were associated with non-accidental mortality when using time varying exposure. No significant associations were observed between air pollution and cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. Long-term exposure to fine particles, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and benzene is associated with an increased risk of non-accidental mortality in France. Our results strengthen existing evidence that outdoor air pollution is a significant environmental risk factor for mortality. Due to the limited sample size and the nature of our study (occupational), further investigations are needed in France with a larger representative population sample.
ISSN: 0160-4120

hal-01187145
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01187145
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01187145/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01187145/file/Association%20between%20long-term%20exposure%20to%20air%20pollution%20and%20mortality_accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.envint.2015.08.006

Résumé : Sea fish farms with production of more than 20 tons per year in France must obtain two operating licences: (i) one for Sea Farming (AECM), with the aim of ensuring that the granted site and use of the maritime public domain for exploitation will respect all restrictions of general interest; (ii) one for regulating Facilities Classified for the Protection of the Environment (ICPE). Although the first one requires a relatively simple licence request file, the second one demands a very complete file, which includes, beyond the notice of exploitation information, a complete impact study, as well as a hazards study and a health and safety notice. In this context, petitioners in Corsica (adjustment of status or new exploitation) are faced with the same difficulties, which highlighted the need for a methodological guide adapted to each region's specific situation, assembling in particular the necessary baseline data (legal, zootechnical, geographical, climatic, socio-economic, ecological...) as well as recognised methods for evaluating the potential effects of the farm on the environment. Development of this guide was supported by ADEC and supervised by a steering committee composed of representatives from the administrations concerned, fish farmers and scientific bodies. The significant aspects dealt with the effects of fish farming on Posidonie herbarium, a protected species very present in Corsica and with coordinating the two AECM and ICPE procedures. For each part of the ICPE file, the guide introduces the technical or scientific context and, depending upon the case, the state of the art, sources of available data, acquisition and methods of acquiring measurements and of assessing the potential effects, as well as practical editing recommendations. Finally, the guide is made complete by a model schedule of conditions designed to help petitioners to have a specialist research department incorporate all or part of the file. This guide primarily concerns first-time marine facilities for exploitation in Corsica, conceived of as in the open sea rather than in confined spaces. Nonetheless, any fish farmer or future fish farmer needing to process a request for an exploitation licence may find it useful.
Les piscicultures marines de plus de 20 t/an de production sont soumises en France à l'obtention de deux autorisations d'exploiter : (i) celle au titre des Cultures Marines (AECM), visant à s'assurer que le site concédé et l'usage du domaine public maritime pour l'exploitation permettent de respecter l'ensemble des contraintes d'intérêt général ; (ii) celle au titre de la réglementation des Installations Classées pour la Protection de l'Environnement (ICPE). Si la première nécessite un dossier de demande d'autorisation relativement simple, la seconde requiert un dossier très complet, qui comprend, outre une notice de renseignements sur l'exploitation, une étude d'impact complète, ainsi qu'une étude des dangers et une notice d'hygiène et de sécurité. Dans ce contexte, les demandeurs en Corse (régularisation ou exploitation nouvelle) sont confrontés aux mêmes difficultés, ce qui a mis en évidence le besoin d'un guide méthodologique adapté aux spécificités régionales, rassemblant en particulier les données de base nécessaires (juridiques, zootechniques, géographiques, climatiques, socio-économiques, écologiques...) ainsi que les méthodes reconnues de l'évaluation des effets potentiels de la ferme sur l'environnement. L'élaboration de ce guide a été soutenue par l'ADEC et suivie par un comité de pilotage composé de représentants des administrations concernées, des pisciculteurs et d'organismes scientifiques. Les aspects importants ont porté sur les effets de la pisciculture sur l'herbier de Posidonie, espèce protégée très présente en Corse et sur la coordination entre les deux procédures AECM et ICPE. Pour chaque partie du dossier ICPE, le guide présente le contexte technique ou scientifique et selon le cas, l'état de l'art, les sources de données disponibles, les méthodes d'acquisition des mesures et d'évaluation des effets potentiels, ainsi que des recommandations pratiques de rédaction. Enfin, le guide est complété par un cahier des charges type destiné à aider les demandeurs à confier à un bureau d'étude spécialisé la réalisation de tout ou partie de la constitution du dossier. Ce guide concerne prioritairement les installations marines de nouvelles exploitations en Corse, envisagées en mer ouverte plutôt que dans des espaces confinés. Néanmoins tout pisciculteur ou futur pisciculteur devant instruire une demande d'autorisation d'exploiter peut y trouver intérêt.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2004/rapport-2188.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/2188/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
Retreatment with pegylated interferon (peg-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) results in poor sustained virological response (SVR) rates in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patients. There are limited data regarding the use of telaprevir plus peg-IFN/RBV in this population. HIV type 1-infected patients who previously failed ≥12 weeks of peg-IFN/RBV for HCV genotype 1 coinfection were enrolled in a single-arm, phase 2 trial. Patients with cirrhosis and previous null response were excluded. Authorized antiretrovirals were tenofovir, emtricitabine, efavirenz, atazanavir, and raltegravir. All patients received peg-IFN alfa-2a (180 µg/week) plus RBV (1000-1200 mg/day) for 4 weeks, followed by telaprevir (750 mg or 1125 mg every 8 hours with efavirenz) plus peg-IFN/RBV for 12 weeks and peg-IFN/RBV for 32-56 weeks according to virological response at week 8. The primary endpoint was the SVR rate at 24 weeks after the end of treatment (SVR24). Sixty-nine patients started treatment; SVR24 was achieved in 55 (80% [95% confidence interval, 68%-88%). SVR24 was not influenced by baseline fibrosis stage, IL28B genotype, antiretroviral regimen, HCV subtype, CD4 cell count, previous response to HCV treatment, HCV RNA level, or HCV RNA decline at week 4. HCV treatment was discontinued for adverse events (AEs) in 20% of patients, including cutaneous (4%), psychiatric (4%), hematological (6%), and other AEs (6%). Peg-IFN or RBV dose reduction was required in 23% and 43% of patients, respectively. Seventy percent of patients required erythropoietin, blood transfusions, or RBV dose reduction for anemia. Two patients died during the study. No HIV breakthrough was observed. Despite a high discontinuation rate related to toxicity, a substantial proportion of treatment-experienced HIV-coinfected patients achieved SVR24 with a telaprevir-based regimen. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT01332955.
ISSN: 1058-4838

hal-01118447
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01118447
PUBMED : 25139963
DOI : 10.1093/cid/ciu659

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Paris, Masson et Cie
Résumé : National audience
Decreased frequency of pulmonary exacerbations, mainly related to immunomodulatory effects of macrolide antibiotics, has been demonstrated in bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). Due to its tolerance, azithromycin is the antibiotic of choice for maintenance therapy at the dose of 250 mg per day or 500 mg × 3 per week (for body weight >55 kg). Maintenance therapy with macrolide could be proposed in selected patients with bronchiectasis or COPD with more than 3 acute exacerbations in the previous year or decreased lung function despite compliance with optimum treatment. The risk of sudden cardiac death with azithromycin is rare and controversial. It should be avoided in patients with a high baseline risk of cardiovascular disease, QT>450 msec, pulse rate>100 bpm and potential drug interactions, particularly those known to cause QT prolongation. It is recommended to search for hearing deficit (audiometry) and sputum culture positive for mycobacteria. Patients must also be aware that it can rapidly lead to macrolide resistance in commensal or pathogenic flora. Follow-up evaluation every 3 month can be proposed with medical history (hearing deficit) and electrocardiography. After one year, the treatment should be stopped in the absence of reduction in the frequency of exacerbations.
Points essentielsLes macrolides administrés au long cours permettent, grâce en partie à leurs propriétés anti-inflammatoires, de diminuer la fréquence des exacerbations dans la DDB et la BPCO.Du fait de sa tolérance, l’azithromycine est le macrolide de choix, pouvant être utilisé à la dose de 250 mg/j ou 500 mg 3 fois par semaine chez les patients de plus de 55 kg.Un traitement par macrolides au long cours pourrait être proposé à des patients atteints de DDB ou de BPCO ayant eu plus de 3 exacerbations l’année précédente ou ayant une dégradation de leur fonction respiratoire malgré un traitement de fond bien conduit.Du fait d’un risque rare et controversé de mort subite d’origine cardiaque, il ne doit pas être proposé en cas de pathologie cardiovasculaire évoluée, d’intervalle QT > 450 ms, de traitement pouvant allonger l’intervalle QT, de tachycardie > 100/min.Il est recommandé de s’assurer de l’absence de troubles auditifs (audiogramme) et de mycobactérie atypique dans les cultures des expectorations. Les patients doivent aussi être informés du risque d’apparition de résistance aux macrolides de la flore commensale et pathogène.Une surveillance clinique, avec en particulier la recherche de troubles auditifs et électrocardiographique, peut être proposée tous les 3 mois. L’absence de diminution de la fréquence des exacerbations, lors du bilan annuel, justifie l’arrêt du traitement.
ISSN: 0032-7867

hal-01073027
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01073027
DOI : 10.1016/j.lpm.2013.08.006
PUBMED : 24631048

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Résumé : International audience
Background. Adverse psychosocial working environments characterized by job strain (the combination of high demands and low control at work) are associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms among employees, but evidence on clinically diagnosed depression is scarce. We examined job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression. Method. We identified published cohort studies from a systematic literature search in PubMed and PsycNET and obtained 14 cohort studies with unpublished individual-level data from the Individual-Participant-Data Meta-analysis in Working Populations (IPD-Work) Consortium. Summary estimates of the association were obtained using random-effects models. Individual-level data analyses were based on a pre-published study protocol. Results. We included six published studies with a total of 27 461 individuals and 914 incident cases of clinical depression. From unpublished datasets we included 120 221 individuals and 982 first episodes of hospital-treated clinical depression. Job strain was associated with an increased risk of clinical depression in both published [relative risk (RR) = 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47-2.13] and unpublished datasets (RR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.04-1.55). Further individual participant analyses showed a similar association across sociodemographic subgroups and after excluding individuals with baseline somatic disease. The association was unchanged when excluding individuals with baseline depressive symptoms (RR = 1.25, 95% CI 0.94-1.65), but attenuated on adjustment for a continuous depressive symptoms score (RR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.81-1.32). Conclusions. Job strain may precipitate clinical depression among employees. Future intervention studies should test whether job strain is a modifiable risk factor for depression.
ISSN: 0033-2917

hal-01560152
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01560152
DOI : 10.1017/S003329171600355X
PUBMED : 28122650

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
AIM:We aimed to study the relationships between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], insulin resistance and leptin-to-adiponectin (L/A) ratio in Guadeloupean children and adolescents and to analyse the changes in 25(OH)D levels after a 1-year lifestyle intervention program.METHODS:25(OH)D concentrations were measured via a chemiluminescence assay. Cardiometabolic risk factors, homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and adipokines were measured. The lifestyle intervention included dietary counselling, regular physical activity.RESULTS:Among 117 girls and boys (11–15 years old, 31.6% obese), 40% had vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D levels < 20 ng/mL). With linear regression models where 25(OH)D and HOMA-IR acted as independent variables and age, sex, BMI, L/A ratio as covariates, 25(OH)D was significantly associated with HOMA-IR alone (P = 0.036). HOMA-IR was also associated with BMI z-score ≥ 2, L/A ratio and an interaction term BMI z-score ≥ 2*L/A ratio (P < 0.001 for all). After one year, in 78 children/adolescent, mean serum 25(OH)D increased significantly from 21.4 ± 4.9 ng/mL at baseline to 23.2 ± 6.0 after 1 year; P = 0.003 whereas BMI z-score, HOMA-IR and L/A ratio decreased significantly (P = 0.003, P < 0.001 and P = 0.012; respectively).CONCLUSION:The association between 25(OH)D and HOMA-IR, independently of obesity and the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency should be considered in order to prevent the later incidence of T2DM. A healthy lifestyle including non-sedentary and outdoor activities could be a way for improving vitamin D status.
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences

hal-01427889
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01427889
PUBMEDCENTRAL : PMC5175505

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Public Health Association
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: It is well established that high adherence to HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) is a major determinant of virological and immunologic success. Furthermore, psychosocial research has identified a wide range of adherence factors including patients' subjective beliefs about the effectiveness of HAART. Current statistical approaches, mainly based on the separate identification either of factors associated with treatment effectiveness or of those associated with adherence, fail to properly explore the true relationship between adherence and treatment effectiveness. Adherence behavior may be influenced not only by perceived benefits-which are usually the focus of related studies-but also by objective treatment benefits reflected in biological outcomes. METHODS: Our objective was to assess the bidirectional relationship between adherence and response to treatment among patients enrolled in the ANRS CO8 APROCO-COPILOTE study. We compared a conventional statistical approach based on the separate estimations of an adherence and an effectiveness equation to an econometric approach using a 2-equation simultaneous system based on the same 2 equations. RESULTS: Our results highlight a reciprocal relationship between adherence and treatment effectiveness. After controlling for endogeneity, adherence was positively associated with treatment effectiveness. Furthermore, CD4 count gain after baseline was found to have a positive significant effect on adherence at each observation period. This immunologic parameter was not significant when the adherence equation was estimated separately. In the 2-equation model, the covariances between disturbances of both equations were found to be significant, thus confirming the statistical appropriacy of studying adherence and treatment effectiveness jointly. CONCLUSIONS: Our results, which suggest that positive biological results arising as a result of high adherence levels, in turn reinforce continued adherence and strengthen the argument that patients who do not experience rapid improvement in their immunologic and clinical statuses after HAART initiation should be prioritized when developing adherence support interventions. Furthermore, they invalidate the hypothesis that HAART leads to "false reassurance" among HIV-infected patients.
ISSN: 0025-7079

hal-00875196
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875196
DOI : 10.1097/MLR.0b013e3182422f61
PUBMED : 22362167

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Among the environmental threats to coral reef health, temperature and ultraviolet increases have been proposed as major agents, although the relative contribution of each in the cnidarian/zooxanthellae symbiosis breakdown has been poorly addressed. We have investigated the transcriptomic response to thermal stress, with and without ultraviolet radiation (UVR), in the symbiotic sea anemone Anemonia viridis. Using the Oligo2K A.similar to viridis microarray, dedicated to genes potentially involved in the symbiosis interaction, we monitored the gene expression profiles after 1, 2 and 5 days of stresses that further lead to massive losses of zooxanthellae. Each stress showed a specific gene expression profile with very little overlap. We showed that the major response to thermal stress is immediate (24 h) but returns to the baseline gene expression profile after 2 days. UVR alone has little effect but potentiates thermal stress, as a second response at 5 days was observed when the two stresses were coupled. Several pathways were highlighted, such as mesoglea loosening, cell death and calcium homeostasis and described in more details. Finally, we showed that the dermatopontin gene family, potentially involved in collagen fibrillogenesis, issued from actinarian-specific duplication events, with one member preferentially expressed in the gastroderm and specifically responding to stress.
ISSN: 0962-1083

hal-01546174
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01546174
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05458.x

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The extent of the global human footprint [ 1 ] limits our understanding of what is natural in the marine environment. Remote, near-pristine areas provide some baseline expectations for biomass [ 2, 3 ] and suggest that predators dominate, producing an inverted biomass pyramid. The southern pass of Fakarava atoll—a biosphere reserve in French Polynesia—hosts an average of 600 reef sharks, two to three times the biomass per hectare documented for any other reef shark aggregations [ 4 ]. This huge biomass of predators makes the trophic pyramid inverted. Bioenergetics models indicate that the sharks require ∼90 tons of fish per year, whereas the total fish production in the pass is ∼17 tons per year. Energetic theory shows that such trophic structure is maintained through subsidies [ 5–9 ], and empirical evidence suggests that sharks must engage in wide-ranging foraging excursions to meet energy needs [ 9, 10 ]. We used underwater surveys and acoustic telemetry to assess shark residency in the pass and feeding behavior and used bioenergetics models to understand energy flow. Contrary to previous findings, our results highlight that sharks may overcome low local energy availability by feeding on fish spawning aggregations, which concentrate energy from other local trophic pyramids. Fish spawning aggregations are known to be targeted by sharks, but they were previously believed to play a minor role representing occasional opportunistic supplements. This research demonstrates that fish spawning aggregations can play a significant role in the maintenance of local inverted pyramids in pristine marine areas. Conservation of fish spawning aggregations can help conserve shark populations, especially if combined with shark fishing bans.
ISSN: 0960-9822

hal-01359391
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01359391
DOI : 10.1016/j.cub.2016.05.058

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Decreased frequency of pulmonary exacerbations, mainly related to immunomodulatory effects of macrolide antibiotics, has been demonstrated in bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). Due to its tolerance, azithromycin is the antibiotic of choice for maintenance therapy at the dose of 250 mg per day or 500 mg × 3 per week (for body weight extgreater55 kg). Maintenance therapy with macrolide could be proposed in selected patients with bronchiectasis or COPD with more than 3 acute exacerbations in the previous year or decreased lung function despite compliance with optimum treatment. The risk of sudden cardiac death with azithromycin is rare and controversial. It should be avoided in patients with a high baseline risk of cardiovascular disease, QT extgreater450 msec, pulse rate extgreater100 bpm and potential drug interactions, particularly those known to cause QT prolongation. It is recommended to search for hearing deficit (audiometry) and sputum culture positive for mycobacteria. Patients must also be aware that it can rapidly lead to macrolide resistance in commensal or pathogenic flora. Follow-up evaluation every 3 month can be proposed with medical history (hearing deficit) and electrocardiography. After one year, the treatment should be stopped in the absence of reduction in the frequency of exacerbations.
Presse Médicale (Paris, France: 1983)

hal-01063927
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01063927
DOI : 10.1016/j.lpm.2013.08.006

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
AIM: To assess the effects of iron removal on cytochrome P450 2E1 activity and oxidative stress in dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome. METHODS: Forty-eight patients were randomized to phlebotomy therapy consisting of removal of 300-500 mL of blood every 14 days until serum ferritin levels dropped under 100 microg/L or to follow-up without phlebotomy therapy. Cytochrome P450 2E1 activity was measured at baseline and at the end of treatment by using the 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone/chlorzoxazone blood metabolic ratio, 2 h after the intake of 500 mg of chlorzoxazone. RESULTS: In the treatment group, a mean of 3.9 +/- 1.3 L of blood was removed and serum ferritin levels dropped from 715 +/- 397 to 74 +/- 34 microg/L. Variation of cytochrome P450 2E1 activity was not significantly different between the 2 groups (0.07 +/- 0.26 vs. 0.03 +/- 0.19, P = 0.36). In the treatment group, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and vitamin E were lowered after treatment compared with control group (-0.15 +/- 0.51 vs. 0.24 +/- 0.58, P = 0.002 and -1.3 +/- 4.4 vs. 2.3 +/- 5.2, P = 0.03, respectively). Inversely, vitamin C was increased (0.5 +/- 3.5 vs. -1.8 +/- 3.9, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: In dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome, reduction of iron stores does not significantly influence cytochrome P450 2E1 activity but is associated with a significant decrease of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, suggesting that venesection therapy may be a suitable option in these patients.
ISSN: 0269-2813

hal-00702125
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00702125
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03116.x
PUBMED : 17014579

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
A fiber interferometer interfaced to 3 geo-mechanical elements is presented for applications in geophysics. The fiber sensor is based on an extrinsic fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer (EFFPI) which incorporates a modulation scheme to lock the interferometer at quadrature and to enable displacement measurements below a quarter of the interrogating wavelength. It operates over a relatively large frequency dynamic of ~500000 with a precision better than 2 nm. The fiber interferometer is next interfaced to a differential hydrostatic long baseline inclinometer, a 3-axis borehole tiltmeter and a single-axis seismometer, respectively. Results obtained demonstrate that the fiber interferometrically-interrogated instruments exhibit performances equivalent to or even surpassing those of the reference instruments employed for comparison during their deployment to an underground test site since March 2012. Keywords—modulation-based extrinsic fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer; fiber optique hydrostatic inclinometer; fiber optique borehole tiltmeter; fiber optique seismometer
IEEE SENSORS 2015
Busan, South Korea

hal-01265963
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01265963
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01265963/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01265963/file/HCS3.pdf
DOI : 10.1109/ICSENS.2015.7370316

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
Tilt fluctuations can potentially reflect the response of hydrosystems to important rainfall. In this context, long baseline tiltmeters have been installed in an underground tunnel penetrating the Fontaine de Vaucluse karst to study the medium deformation related to solicitations exerted by water infiltrating the hydrosystem. The instruments monitor the tilt as well as its spatial variation. Northward tilts reaching a 1 μrad amplitude are observed consecutively to rainfalls. The tilt amplitude is highly correlated with the Fontaine de Vaucluse outlet flow fluctuations. The measured tilt signal is also relatively homogeneous over a 150 m length. Different types of structure likely to produce such observations are tested in order to identify their location with respect to the tiltmeters, their dimension as well as the amount of water level variation in the structure. Following rainfalls, the infiltration of water modifies the pore pressure, inducing a medium deformation. The hypothesis of an homogeneous surface loading on the Vaucluse plateau is first refuted since the related tilt is much lower than the one measured. The water supplied by rainfalls has to accumulate in discontinuities in order to generate a higher tilt. So, the deformation related to a pressure exerted on a fracture filled by water is assessed. A first study reveals the interest of the tilt homogeneity information that constrains strongly the fracture properties. Thus, the fracture must be located at a distance more than a few hundreds metres from the tiltmeters in order to produce a tilt homogeneous in space. If the fracture is initially dry, it must also be filled on a height higher than 150 m consecutive to a rainfall in order to generate a tilt amplitude in the same magnitude as the one measured. Then, we explore the influence of water level variations on the tilt produced by a fracture located at the interface between the saturated and unsaturated zones, which are thereby permanently flooded. Since several parameters of that model satisfactorily explain the field observations, we discuss how simultaneous geodetical observations could provide complementary information that would further constrain the geometry of the structure at the origin of the medium deformation.
ISSN: 0956-540X

insu-01408482
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01408482
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01408482/document
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01408482/file/Lesparre-2017.pdf
DOI : 10.1093/gji/ggw446

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Signatures are one of the most accessible and prevailed ways of authenticating documents.Over the last many years, a large number of signature verication systems have been reported. Acommon assumption in nearly all of these system is that the signatures are available readily extractedfrom documents. In this paper we provide a detailed literature survey on the subject and arguethat pre-extracted signatures are not always available especially in forensic cases. Furthermore, wepresent a novel system of automatically extracting signatures from documents with the help ofhyper-spectral imaging. Initial experiments reveal that the proposed idea possess great potential toform a baseline signature extraction system above whom any signature verication system can beadjuncted for signature verication.
17th Biennial Conference of the International Graphonomics Society
Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe

hal-01165888
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01165888
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01165888/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01165888/file/IGS_2015_submission_18.pdf