Éditeur(s) : University of Suriname Université des Antilles. Service commun de la documentation
Extrait de : 52e congrès annuel de la Société caribéenne des plantes alimentaires / 52nd annual meeting of the Caribbean food crops society (CFCS), du 10 au 16 juillet 2016. INRA, CFCS
Description : Tomato is one of the most popular vegetables in the world. Therefore, for improvement in crop productivity in Suriname and most other countries, excessive application of pesticides and synthetic fertilizers is used. These result in gradual depletion of soil fertility and microbial diversity. Conventionally managed soils are found to exhibit a poorer micro flora and a lower biological activity then organically managed soils. Recently much attention is paid to organic cultivation and the use of bio fertilizers as a supplement for chemical fertilizers. VAM fungi have the potential to improve the sustainability of tomato production by improving yield and quality. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of two different concentrations of commercially available vesicular - arbuscular mycorrhiza on the plant growth and fruit production of two tomato varieties (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in the greenhouse.The experiment was set up as a randomized factorial block design with two independent factors and consisted of six treatments and three replications. The factors were two tomato varieties: hybrid 61 and hybrid 501 and two concentrations of VAM namely 2.5 and 10 g. VAM/plant. Biomass was determined two times, at bloom initiation and at the end of the experiment. The growth parameters were measured once per week. The production was recorded only for the first two harvest times. Data was statistically analyzed using three-way ANOVA. The results of this experiment showed that the VAM fungi had a positive influence (p < 0.05) on the production for both varieties of tomatoes. And it also resulted in earlier reproduction. There was no significant difference in production (p > 0.05) between the two concentrations of VAM inoculum used.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V16303
V16303

Résumé : Julius B. Annis was born June 4, 1890 in Luvno, Hungary. At present there is nothing known of his parentage, or when he emigrated to the United States. It is known that he registered for the draft during World War One and at that time he was residing at Brooklyn, New York. He married Minnie Brosow before 1917 and had at least one child, Morton Lawrence Annis Sr. It is evident that Julius became affiliated with one of the larger and well known cigar companies, "Sanchez and Haya" in New York City. A brief history of this cigar company and it's founders is in order, so that the evolution of the company can be seen in regards to "J. B. Annis". "Fact & Fancy About Cigars and Tobacco", by Morton L. Annis Sr. (1967) In 1867, Senors Ignacio Haya and Serfino Sanchez, natives of Spain came to New York City with $1000.00 in capital and started what was to become one of the most successful cigar manufacturies in the world. In 1886 they moved their operations to Tampa, Florida and they received the U.S. Revenue designation of "Factory No. 1". Tampa soon became the cigar manufacturing industry giant and Sanchez & Haya retained it's leadership roll. The company ultimately acquired and merged with many of the old-line Tampa producers, such as Morgan Cigar Co., Schwab-Davis y Cia. and many more. By 1892, both Senor Haya and Sanchez were leaders of the Spanish community and their financial ability, philanthropy, and industry were legendary. J. B. (Bunny) Annis began as a "drummer", or cigar salesman, who traveled from coast to coast selling his wares to Tobacconist and cigar merchants. "Dapper, loquacious, true bon vivants of the era .. perhaps the original American Salesman." Julius Annis, was at this time a guiding spirit and became partners in what is now known as Gradiaz, Annis or "Gradiaz y Annis", and was the Dean of these legendary "Knights of the Panetela." In 1963 Gradiaz Annis became a Division of General Cigar Co., Inc. Julius Benjamin Annis died the following year (June 1964) in Tampa. His son, Morton Lawrence Annis Sr. (1917-1979), President of Gradiaz, Annis, wrote about his father in 1967: "My father had a basic compelling motivation for excellence of product which was, in truth, his religion and his way of life. His love for tobacco and fine cigars was sacrosanct and so traditional in concept that he vigorously opposed all modern technological advances, preferring to create cigars in the great classic style of his youth." Gradiaz, Annis is still known world wide as "World Leader in Luxury Cigars".
(Funding) Funded in part by the Institute for Museum and Library Services (IMLS), Ephemeral Cities Project.
Tampa |z 1271000 |2 ceeus
Hillsborough County |z 12057 |2 ceeus
United States of America -- Florida -- Hillsborough County -- Tampa

Droits : All rights reserved. 2005.
R01-10928

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
STUDY QUESTION: Do freezing and in vitro culture procedures enhance the expression of proteins involved in apoptotic or autophagic pathways in murine pre-pubertal testicular tissue? SUMMARY ANSWER: IVM strongly modified apoptosis- and autophagy-related relative protein levels in mice testicular tissue whereas the impact of cryopreservation procedures was minimal at the end of the culture. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: In vitro spermatogenesis remains a challenging technical issue as it imposes to find a very close balance between survival and death of germ cell natural precursors (i.e. gonocytes and spermatogonia), which will eventually undergo a complete spermatogenesis close to in vivo conditions. The establishment of efficient culture conditions coupled with suitable cryopreservation procedures (e.g. controlled slow freezing [CSF] and solid surface vitrification [SSV]) of pre-pubertal testicular tissue is a crucial step in the fields of fertility preservation and restoration to improve the spermatic yield obtained in vitro. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: Here, we study cryopreservation procedures (i.e. CSF or SSV) and the impact of culture media compositions. A first set of 66 mouse pre-pubertal testes were directly cultured during 30, 36, 38 and 60 days (D) from 2.5 to 6.5-day-old CD-1 mice to evaluate the impact of time-aspect of culture and to endorse the reverse phase protein microarrays (RPPM) technique as an adapted experimental tool for the field of in vitro spermatogenesis. Ninety others fresh, slow-frozen and vitrified pre-pubertal testes were cultured during 30 days for the principal study to evaluate the impact of cryopreservation procedures before and after culture. Thirty-four testes dissected from 2.5, 6.5, 36.5, 40.5, 42.5 and 62.5 days postpartum (dpp) mice, corresponding to the time frames of spermatogenesis orchestrated in vitro, were used as in vivo controls. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: After in vitro culture, testicular tissue samples originated from 2.5 or 6.5-day-old CD-1 male mice were analyzed using RPPM. This targeted proteomic technique allowed us to assess the expression level of 29 apoptosis- and autophagy-related factors by normalizing blank-corrected signal values. In addition, morphological analyses (e.g. HES, PAS, TRA98 and CREM) and DNA fragmentation in intra-tubular cells (i.e. terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling; TUNEL) were assessed for the distinct experimental conditions tested as well as for in vivo control mouse testes. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: A validation of the RPPM procedure in the field of in vitro spermatogenesis was completed with assay and array robustness before a principal study concerning the evaluation of the impact of in vitro culture and cryopreservation procedures. The proportion of elongated spermatids and the total cell number per seminiferous tubule tended to be very different between the in vivo and in vitro conditions (P < 0.05), suggesting the presence of a beneficial regulation on the first spermatogenesis wave by intrinsic apoptosis (Caspase₉) and autophagy (Atg5) factors (P < 0.0003 and r2 = 0.74). Concerning the impact of culture media compositions, a basic medium (BM) composed of αMEM plus 10% KnockOut™ serum replacement and gentamicin supplemented with retinol (Rol) and vitamin E (Vit. E) was selected as the best culture medium for fresh 6.5 dpp tissue cultured during 30D with 27.7 ± 8.10% of seminiferous tubules containing elongated spermatids. Concerning the impact of cryopreservation procedures, SSV did not have any impact on the morphological parameters evaluated after culture in comparison to fresh tissue (FT) controls. The proportion of tubules with elongated spermatids on testicular explants cultured with BMRol+Vit. E was not different between SSV (6.6 ± 1.6%) and CSF (5.3 ± 1.9%); however, round spermatids were observed more frequently for SSV (19 ± 6.2%) than CSF (3.3 ± 1.9%, P = 0.0317). Even if the proportion of TUNEL-positive cells for BMRol+Vit. E was higher at D30 after SSV (4.12 ± 0.26%) than CSF (1.86 ± 0.12%, P = 0.0022) and FT (2.69 ± 0.33%, P = 0.0108), the DNA damages observed at the end of the culture (i.e. D30) were similar to respective 6.5 dpp controls. In addition, the relative protein level expression ratio of an apoptotic factor, the phosphorylated FADD on Fas, was reduced by 64-fold in vitrified testes cultured with BMRol+Vit. E. Furthermore, we found in this study that the StemPro®-34 SFM culture medium supplemented with growth factors (e.g. EGF, bFGF, GDNF and LIF) prevented the differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells in favor of a significant proliferation with a better architectural pattern than in vivo 6.5 dpp controls with an increase of seminiferous tubules area for FT (P = 0.0357) and CSF (P = 0.0317). LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION: Despite our promising results, the evaluation of apoptotic- and autophagic-related proteins was studied for a limited amount of proteins and on global testicular tissue. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: The data presented herein will help to improve apoptotic and autophagic understanding during the first spermatogenic wave. Moreover, our findings illustrate for the first time that, using finely-tuned experimental conditions, a testicular in vitro culture combined with proteomic technologies may significantly facilitate the study of cryopreservation procedures and in vitro culture evaluations. This study may also contribute to improve work on testicular tissues from pre-pubertal and adolescent cancer survivors. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): This study was supported by a Ph.D. grant from the Rouen Normandie Université and a financial support from 'la Ligue nationale contre le cancer' (both awarded to L.D.), funding from Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Agence de la Biomédecine, and co-supported by European Union and Région Normandie. Europe gets involved in Normandie with European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Molecular Human Reproduction

hal-01647081
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01647081
DOI : 10.1093/molehr/gax054
PUBMED : 29040674

Éditeur(s) : Université de La Rochelle
Résumé : Shrimp aquaculture in New Caledonia is a developing industry, exclusively based on the species Litopenaeus stylirostris. However, it is subject to mortalities during grow out as observed all over the world. Since 1993, shrimp reared during the cold period are affected by a disease named "syndrome 93". As a consequence, the whole industry has become seasonal and produces essentially during the warm season. The climatic conditions during the periods of transition between the two main seasons could be responsible for an environmental stress and the origin reason for mortality outbreaks. Stocking density is the main risk factor. It increases the probability of the appearance and development of the epizooty in the pond. The "Summer Syndrome", a septicemic vibriosis caused by Vibrio nigripulchritudo, was identified for the first time in December 1997 in an intensive shrimp farm (DF). It has become enzootic ever since and is expressed after 50d of rearing. Since 2003, two others farms located near DF have developed the disease. As a consequence, the summer syndrome is considered to be a potential threat for all the industry. Between 1991 and 2005, the increase of feed input and nitrogen levels in feed has led to a significant increase in the growth rate over the years in the farms affected by the disease. In consequence, an early eutrophication of the water is observed, which is concomitant with the beginning of the mortality outbreaks. An early eutrophication and the virulence level of the pathogen are considered as the main risk factors of the disease. Factors may act synergistically to explain the summer syndrome. As part of a multidisciplinary approach (pathology – physiology – environment), two high-frequency surveys were carried out to analyse the pond ecosystem. Since the feed quantity increases with the biomass of shrimp, the eutrophication level of the pond ecosystem will also tend to increase with the duration of rearing. During the first part of the rearing, the abundance of each picoplankton type is exceptionally high and picophytoplankton dominated the autotrophic compartment. The nanophytoplankton dominated the second part of the rearing and was more unstable. The shift from pico to nanophytoplankton could be considered as an environmental stress and was observed in relation to the beginning of the mortalities, whatever the disease. Shift intensity could play a role by inducing directly or indirectly a stress for shrimp and/or a growth and/or virulence factors of the pathogen. Results from sediment studies show that mortality was best characterized by TAN concentration in pore water and even more when the TAN concentration was high. TAN and pH are potential stress factors for shrimp reared in ponds affected by these diseases.
L'aquaculture mondiale de crevettes est un secteur à très forte croissance. Toutefois, les problèmes liés aux maladies dans les élevages ne cessent d'augmenter depuis 1980. Au cours du développement de la filière de Nouvelle-Calédonie, deux épisodes saisonniers de mortalités associées à la présence de Vibrio pathogènes sont apparus et ont fortement perturbé les techniques et les schémas de production. Les premières mortalités hivernales, décrites sous le nom de « syndrome 93 » ont été observées en mai 1993. Elles ont affecté depuis tous les élevages de saison froide de toutes les fermes de production. Les conditions climatiques pendant les périodes de transitions entre les deux principales saisons caractérisant le climat de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, seraient responsables d'un stress environnemental à l'origine du déclenchement du syndrome 93. La densité initiale d'ensemencement, apparaît comme le principal facteur de risque, augmentant la probabilité d'apparition de la maladie et l'ampleur de ses effets. Le « syndrome d'été » a été identifié pour la première fois en 1997 dans une ferme pratiquant une production intensive. Il s'est déclaré depuis 2003 dans deux autres fermes géographiquement proches. Les mortalités apparaissent 58 jours en moyenne après l'ensemencement des post-larves dans les bassins. La recherche d'une croissance maximale des animaux a induit, avec les années, une intensification progressive du système caractérisée par une augmentation de la quantité d'aliment distribuée. L'examen des données historiques fait apparaître une eutrophisation du milieu de plus en plus précoce concomitante au déclenchement des mortalités. En l'état actuel de nos connaissances, cette évolution précoce de l'écosystème en présence de façon récurrente de la souche hautement pathogène du Vibrio incriminé et à une période où la fréquence des mues des crevettes est élevée, constitue le principal facteur de risque de la maladie. Avec l'apport croissant en aliment, la colonne d'eau évolue vers une autotrophie croissante alors que le sédiment devient de plus en plus hétérotrophe au fur et à mesure que l'élevage progresse. Au cours du processus d'eutrophisation, le compartiment autotrophe montre une succession de deux assemblages. Le picophytoplancton domine sur la première partie de l'élevage et laisse place à du nanophytoplancton en seconde partie. Cette phase de transition, concomitante à l'apparition des mortalités quel que soit le syndrome, caractérise un stress environnemental dont l'intensité pourrait favoriser ou non le déclenchement des mortalités. Les suivis de différents indicateurs dans les sédiments - pH, potentiel d'oxydoréduction et concentration en ammoniaque dans l'eau interstitielle – indiquent dans les bassins déclarant les épizooties des conditions qui ont été définies expérimentalement comme potentiellement plus stressantes pour les animaux.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/these-2643.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/2643/

Résumé : "Ybor was so pleased with the thirty year old Manrara, that in 1872, he took him in as a member of the firm. At the same time he took in his son, Edward R. M. Ybor, as an associate. Ybor and Manrara were the perfect business combination. Their most famous brand was El Principe De Gales, which had world-wide fame, and othersuperfine labels were Flor de Madrid, La Perla, and El Triunfo. Since the move to Key West, Ybor was followed by other cigar manufacturers." Pizzo, Tony; Eduardo Manrara"The Cigar Manufacturing Prince of the Nation": Sunland Tribune, v.2 no.1 1972
(Funding) Funded in part by the Institute for Museum and Library Services (IMLS), Ephemeral Cities Project.
Tampa |z 1271000 |2 ceeus
Hillsborough County |z 12057 |2 ceeus
United States of America -- Florida -- Hillsborough County -- Tampa

Droits : All rights reserved. 2005.
C24-05682

Éditeur(s) : Estuaries Research Federation
Résumé : Estuarine systems are complex environments where seasonal and spatial variations occur in concentrations of suspended particulate matter, in primary constituents, and in organic matter content. This study investigated in the laboratory the flocculation potential of estuarine-suspended particulate matter throughout the year in order to better identify the controlling factors and their hierarchy. Kinetic experiments were performed in the lab with a "video in lab" device, based on a jar test technique, using suspended sediments sampled every 2 months over a 14-month period at three stations in the Seine estuary (France). These sampling stations are representative of (1) the upper estuary, dominated by freshwater, and (2) the middle estuary, characterized by a strong salinity gradient and the presence of an estuarine turbidity maximum. Experiments were performed at a constant low turbulent shear stress characteristic of slack water periods (i.e., a Kolmogorov microscale > 1,000 A mu m). Flocculation processes were estimated using three parameters: flocculation efficiency, flocculation speed, and flocculation time. Results showed that the flocculation that occurred at the three stations was mainly influenced by the concentration of the suspended particulate matter: maximum floc size was observed for concentrations above 0.1 g l(-1) while no flocculation was observed for concentrations below 0.004 g l(-1). Diatom blooms strongly enhanced flocculation speed and, to a lesser extent, flocculation efficiency. During this period, the maximum flocculation speed of 6 A mu m min(-1) corresponded to a flocculation time of less than 20 min. Salinity did not appear to automatically enhance flocculation, which depended on the constituents of suspended sediments and on the content and concentration of organic matter. Examination of the variability of 2D fractal dimension during flocculation experiments revealed restructuring of flocs during aggregation. This was observed as a rapid decrease in the floc fractal dimension from 2 to 1.4 during the first minutes of the flocculation stage, followed by a slight increase up to 1.8. Deflocculation experiments enabled determination of the influence of turbulent structures on flocculation processes and confirmed that turbulent intensity is one of the main determining factors of maximum floc size.
Estuaries and coasts : Journal of the Estuarine Research Federation (1559-2723) (Estuaries Research Federation), 2009-07 , Vol. 32 , N. 4 , P. 678-693

Droits : 2009 Springer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-6631.pdf
DOI:10.1007/s12237-009-9160-1
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6631/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Taylor & Francis (Routledge)
Résumé : International audience
The French Antilles (Martinique, Saint Martin and Guadeloupe) and French Guiana are the French territories most affected by the HIV epidemic. Some population groups such as men who have sex with men (MSM), especially those involved in transactional sex, are thought to be particularly vulnerable to HIV but few data exist to help characterize their health-related needs and thus implement relevant prevention interventions. To fill this knowledge gap, we used data collected from an HIV/AIDS Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviours and Practices survey conducted in 2012 among MSM living in the French Antilles and French Guiana and recruited through snowball sampling. Our objectives were to compare social and demographic characteristics and sexual behaviours between MSM engaging in transactional sex and MSM not engaging in transactional sex and to identify factors associated with transactional sex involvement using a logistic regression model. A total of 733 MSM were interviewed, 21% of whom reported to undergo transactional sex. Their behaviour and social and demographic characteristics were different from other MSMs’ and they were more exposed to factors that are recognized to potentiate HIVvulnerability, at the individual, community, network and structural levels. The variables positively associated with sex trade involvement were having ever consumed drug (OR = 2.84 [1.23–6.52]; p = .002), having a greater number of sex partners than the median (OR = 8.31 [4.84–14.30]; p < .001), having experienced intimate partner violence (OR = 1.72 [0.99–3.00]; p = .053) and having undergone physical aggression because of sexual orientation (OR = 2.84 [1.23–6.52];p = .014). Variables negatively associated with sex trade involvement were being older (OR = 0.93 [0.90–0.97] per year; p = .001), having a stable administrative situation (OR = 0.10 [0.06–0.19]; p < .001), having a stable housing (OR = 0.29 [0.15–0.55]; p < .001) and being employed full-time (OR = 0.29 [1.23–6.52]; p = .002).
ISSN: 0954-0121

inserm-01407263
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01407263
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01407263/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01407263/file/AIDS%20Care%20final%20version.pdf
DOI : 10.1080/09540121.2016.1234680

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Seismological Society of America
Résumé : International audience
We present an improvement of the maximum intersection (MAXI) method in which absolute earthquake location is defined by the maximum intersection number of hyperbolic equal differential time (EDT) volumes (one EDT volume being described as all grid nodes satisfying the arrival‐time differences between two stations, ± a tolerance value known as TERR). This 3D technique is well adapted to a strongly heterogeneous environment, avoids the depth versus origin‐time trade‐off (even using P arrivals alone), and objectively filters possible erroneous arrival times. Improvements consist of introducing an iterative multiscale approach on the TERR parameter and conducting a hierarchy of grid discretization to refine the preliminary solution (multigrid algorithm). The outlier cleaning process is strengthened by conducting statistical analyses based on the number of EDT volume intersections per station, rather than on travel‐time residues. Processing two series of synthetic arrival times computed in the 3D seismological configuration of the southernmost Ryukyu subduction zone, offshore Taiwan, allows us to (1) confirm MAXI robustness, even when arrival times are highly disturbed or azimuthal coverage largely reduced, and (2) show that MAXI, by limiting trade‐offs between origin time and depth and between epicentral position and depth, is less affected by a wrong velocity model than a technique that minimizes travel‐time residues. To conclude, we apply the MAXI method to locate earthquakes recorded by the combined Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan (CWB) and the Japanese Meteorological Agency (JMA) networks (1991-2008) within a georealistic a priori 3D P‐velocity model. Hypocenter determinations are selected based on MAXI confidence factors, and earthquake clustering along well‐known tectonic features witnesses hypocenter determination accuracy.
ISSN: 0037-1106

hal-00725227
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00725227
DOI : 10.1785/0120100311

Éditeur(s) : The National Academy of Sciences of the USA
Résumé : The patterns of variations in fisheries time series are known to result from a complex combination of species and fisheries dynamics all coupled with environmental forcing (including climate, trophic interactions, etc.). Disentangling the relative effects of these factors has been a major goal of fisheries science for both conceptual and management reasons. By examining the variability of 169 tuna and billfish time series of catch and catch per unit effort (CPUE) throughout the Atlantic as well as their linkage to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), we find that the importance of these factors differed according to the spatial scale. At the scale of the entire Atlantic the patterns of variations are primarily spatially structured, whereas at a more regional scale the patterns of variations were primarily related to the fishing gear. Furthermore, the NAO appeared to also structure the patterns of variations of tuna time series, especially over the North Atlantic. We conclude that the patterns of variations in fisheries time series of tuna and billfish only poorly reflect the underlying dynamics of these fish populations; they appear to be shaped by several successive embedded processes, each interacting with each other. Our results emphasize the necessity for scientific data when investigating the population dynamics of large pelagic fishes, because CPUE fluctuations are not directly attributable to change in species' abundance.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (0027-8424) (The National Academy of Sciences of the USA), 2008-04 , Vol. 105 , N. 14 , P. 5420-5425

Droits : 2008 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-3984.pdf
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0709034105
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/3984/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Background: Guadeloupe is the region of France with the second highest prevalence of HIV. Methods: To determine the risk factors for being lost to follow-up (LFU), a retrospective cohort study of 2,732 patients followed between 1988 and 2009 was conducted, and determined which variables were related to being LFU, i.e. permanently disappearing from HIV clinics or coming back after more than one year of missed appointments. Results: The incidence rate for permanent follow-up interruption was 9 per 100 person-years (8.3-9.7 personyears). The median time of LFU was 6.4 years (interquartile range 3-16.9 years). Cox modelling showed that the younger age groups (HR: 1.60[1.30-2.10], p=0.000) and patients diagnosed before 1997 (HR: 4.80[3.50-6.50], p=0.000) were significantly more likely to be permanently LFU. However, patients treated with HAART had a lower risk of being LFU (HR: 0.63[0.51-0.80], p=0.000). Conclusion: These results suggest that some patients may have died. They also allow to quantify the magnitude of a major yet often under-recognized problem and to identify its predictors in the context of Guadeloupe. This could help clinicians improve patient retention.
J AIDS Clin Res

inserm-00915235
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00915235
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00915235/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00915235/file/2013_Elenga_-_Incidence_and_Risk_Factors_for_Follow-Up_Interruptionsur HIV-Infected_patients_guadeloupe.pdf
DOI : 10.4172/2155-6113.1000238

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
Background: Heterogeneous patterns of malaria transmission are thought to be driven by factors including host genetics, distance to mosquito breeding sites, housing construction, and socio-behavioural characteristics. Evaluation of local transmission epidemiology to characterize malaria risk is essential for planning malaria control and elimination programmes. The use of geographical information systems (GIS) techniques has been a major asset to this approach. To assess time and space distribution of malaria disease in Bandiagara, Mali, within a transmission season, data were used from an ongoing malaria incidence study that enrolled 300 participants aged under six years old ". Methods: Children's households were georeferenced using a handheld global position system. Clinical malaria was defined as a positive blood slide for Plasmodium falciparum asexual stages associated with at least one of the following signs: headache, body aches, fever, chills and weakness. Daily rainfall was measured at the local weather station. Landscape features of Bandiagara were obtained from satellite images and field survey. QGIS™ software was used to map malaria cases, affected and non-affected children, and the number of malaria episodes per child in each block of Bandiagara. Clusters of high or low risk were identified under SaTScan W software according to a Bernoulli model. Results: From June 2009 to May 2010, 296 clinical malaria cases were recorded. Though clearly temporally related to the rains, Plasmodium falciparum occurrence persisted late in the dry season. Two " hot spots " of malaria transmission also found, notably along the Yamé River, characterized by higher than expected numbers of malaria cases, and high numbers of clinical episodes per child. Conversely, the northeastern sector of the town had fewer cases despite its proximity to a large body of standing water which was mosquito habitat. Conclusion: These results confirm the existence of a marked spatial heterogeneity of malaria transmission in Bandiagara, providing support for implementation of targeted interventions. Background Malaria is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world, with an estimated 3.3 billion people at risk of malaria [1]. The incidence of malaria worldwide is estimated to be 216 million cases per year, with 81% of these cases occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria kills approximately 655,000 people per year; 91% of deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa [1], mostly in children under five years of age. In Mali, West Africa, malaria represents 36.5% of consultation motives in health center, it is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality children of less than five years of age and the first reason of anaemia in pregnant women [2]. Malaria transmission is seasonal. Malaria parasite transmission and clinical disease are characterized by important microgeographic variation, often between adjacent villages, households or families [3-8]. This local heterogeneity is driven by a variety of factors including human genetics [9,10], distance to potential breeding sites [11,12], housing construction
ISSN: 1475-2875

hal-01307672
https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01307672
https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01307672/document
https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01307672/file/1475-2875-12-82.pdf
DOI : 10.1186/1476-072X-2-5

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Society for Microbiology
Résumé : International audience
Under physiological conditions, the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) mediate hepatic immune tolerance toward self or foreign antigens through constitutive expression of anti-inflammatory mediators. However, upon viral infection or Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) activation, LSECs can achieve proinflammatory functions, but their role in hepatic inflammation during acute viral hepatitis is unknown. Using the highly virulent mouse hepatitis virus type 3 (MHV3) and the attenuated variants 51.6-MHV3 and YAC-MHV3, exhibiting lower tropism for LSECs, we investigated in vivo and in vitro the consequence of LSEC infection on their proinflammatory profiles and the aggravation of acute hepatitis process. In vivo infection with virulent MHV3, in comparison to attenuated strains, resulted in fulminant hepatitis associated with higher hepatic viral load, tissue necrosis, and levels of inflammatory mediators and earlier recruitment of inflammatory cells. Such hepatic inflammatory disorders correlated with disturbed production of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and vascular factors by LSECs. We next showed in vitro that infection of LSECs by the virulent MHV3 strain altered their production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and promoted higher release of proinflammatory and procoagulant factors and earlier cell damage than infection by attenuated strains. This higher replication and proinflammatory activation in LSECs by the virulent MHV3 strain was associated with a specific activation of TLR2 signaling by the virus. We provide evidence that TLR2 activation of LSCEs by MHV3 is an aggravating factor of hepatic inflammation and correlates with the severity of hepatitis. Taken together, these results indicate that preservation of the immunotolerant properties of LSECs during acute viral hepatitis is imperative in order to limit hepatic inflammation and damage. IMPORTANCE Viral hepatitis B and C infections are serious health problems affecting over 350 million and 170 million people worldwide, respectively. It has been suggested that a balance between protection and liver damage mediated by the host's immune response during the acute phase of infection would be determinant in hepatitis outcome. Thus, it appears crucial to identify the factors that predispose in exacerbating liver inflammation to limit hepatocyte injury. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) can express both anti- and proinflammatory functions, but their role in acute viral hepatitis has never been investigated. Using mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) infections as animal models of viral hepatitis, we report for the first time that in vitro and in vivo infection of LSECs by the pathogenic MHV3 serotype leads to a reversion of their intrinsic anti-inflammatory phenotype toward a proinflammatory profile as well to as disorders in vascular factors, correlating with the severity of hepatitis. These results highlight a new virus-promoted mechanism of exacerbation of liver inflammatory response during acute hepatitis.
ISSN: 0022-538X

hal-01390974
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01390974
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01390974/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01390974/file/Mouse%20Hepatitis%20Virus%20Infection_accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.01069-16

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Despite the recent interest in psychiatric illness in prison, the psychopathology of the Remire-Montjoly prison population remains largely unknown. Subject to significant population movements, French Guiana and its prison houses a very mixed population in which recent history has left a strong mark (earthquake in Haïti, civil war in Suriname, violence related to gold mining population and drug trafficking). These negative life events appear as potential vectors of psychological trauma. Additionally, strong links have been established in the literature between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and many other psychiatric disorders, including suicidal behavior and addictions. Under these conditions, we felt it essential to focus on the identification of PTSD in this sensitive population.Through adapted reception interviews, we tried to identify the PTSD, to describe by means of socio-demographic factors the studied population and to detect psychiatric comorbidities. The screening tool was the M.I.N.I. 5.0, which identifies 17 psychiatric disorders including the PTSD, based on the DSM IV definition. The target population was the prison incomers, agreeing to participate in the study, aged more than 18 years old and imprisoned between 18 January 2013 and 31 December 2013. To this date, 549 inmates were included in the study.The main result of this study was a prevalence of PTSD of 17% for incomers in detention. We found that the PTSD+ population is more likely to be female (15% against 7% p = 0.0246), which is consistent with the literature data. The M.I.N.I. 5.0 showed a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the PTSD+ group. This association was confirmed in several types of pathology like mood disorders including: major depressive episode and manic or hypomanic episode, suicidal risk, some anxiety disorders including: panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Strong association was found for current major depressive episode, current manic or hypomanic episode and suicidal risk (p < 0.005).The prevalence of PTSD is very high in this study, about 24 times higher than in a general population survey using the same screening tool.A large number of comorbidities have been identified, which corresponds to those described in the literature. The specific issues of psychiatry in prison lead us to examine more specifically the significance of the results about suicide risk. A comprehensive suicide risk (sum of medium and high risk screened by the M.I.N.I.) was found in significantly more PTSD+ inmates (17% versus 7%, p = 0.005). This study supports the need for routine screening of PTSD among incomers in detention. This disease is both worrying and common in this population but the real issues are the comorbidities. Suicidal potential is among the most important issues in detention. Its evaluation should be completed by an early recognition of a PTSD.
Soumis à des mouvements de population importants, la Guyane Française et son centre pénitentiaire abritentune population métissée chez qui l’histoire récente a laissé une empreinte forte (tremblement de terre en Haïti,guerre civile au Suriname, violence liée à l’orpaillage et au trafic de stupéfiants). Ces événements de vienégatifs apparaissent comme autant de vecteurs potentiels de psychotraumatismes. Dans ces conditions, il nous a paru essentiel de mettre l’accent sur le repérage du TSPT (Trouble de Stress Post-traumatique) dans cette population sensible. A l'aide d’entretiens d’accueil dédiés nous nous sommes proposé de repérer les TSPT, de décrire sur un plan sociodémographique la population étudiée et de rechercher les comorbidités psychiatriques. Le résultat principal de cette étude était une prévalence du TSPT de 17% chez les arrivants en détention. Le MINI 5.0 a montré une prévalence plus élevée des pathologies psychiatriques dans le groupe présentant un TSPT avec un lien très fort (p<0.005) pour l’épisode dépressif majeur actuel, l’épisode (hypo)maniaque actuel et le risque suicidaire. Cette étude appuie la nécessité d’avoir un dépistage systématique du TSPT chez les arrivants en détention. Cette pathologie est à la fois fréquente dans cette population et invalidante mais ce sont ses comorbidités, dont le potentiel suicidaire, qui font tout l’enjeu d’un repérage précoce.
ISSN: 0383-6320

inserm-01421075
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01421075
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01421075/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01421075/file/2016%2C%20Arnal%20-%20Post-Traumatic%20Stress%20Disorder%20among%20Incomers%20in%20Remire-Montjoly%20Prison%2C%20French%20Guiana.pdf
PUBMED : 27570960

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Masson
Résumé : International audience
Cancer is the main complication of transplantation surgery. The literature concerning renal transplant recipients among the Afro-Caribbean population is scant. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of cancer in these patients, with the secondary objective being to identify predisposing factors for cancer. This was an epidemiological and retrospective study that included all Guadeloupians of phototype V-VI undergoing renal transplantation from 01/01/2004 to 31/12/2011. Skin cancer screening was performed before transplantation and during an annual dermatological consultation following transplantation. Screening for non-cutaneous cancers was guided by clinical symptoms or by the results of the screening examinations recommended in the current guidelines. At the study time-point (31/12/2011), all patients were examined by a dermatologist. One hundred and two patients were included : 42 women and 60 men (mean age: 52.1±11.6 years at transplantation). Eight cancers were diagnosed. The cumulative incidence of cancer was 7.8% at 3 years. Three factors were associated with more rapid onset of cancer: personal history or familial history of cancer, and genital lesion induced by HPV. Our results suggest a low incidence of cancer in Afro-Caribbean renal transplant patients. Personal or family history of cancer and HPV-induced genital lesions would appear to accelerate the onset of cancer in this population.
ISSN: 0151-9638

hal-01260468
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01260468
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01260468/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01260468/file/2015%2C%20Ameline.pdf
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01260468/file/14%20148%20Fig%201%20ap.pdf

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Despite the increasing importance of cruise tourism worldwide, very little is known about the lives of cruise-ship employees, and how they use their free time at the ports of call. This paper presents the results of a small-scale exploratory research on the activities of cruise crew and staff members on the island of Cozumel, Mexico, an important port of call for Caribbean routes. Conducted in 2009, qualitative research for this paper included participant observation and several informal conversations and semi-structured interviews with twenty cruise-ship employees and six owners and employees of local businesses. Our conclusions confirm other authors' findings and provide fresh information on the factors that determine these individuals' choices of activities, places and company. Availability of time and money depends on each worker's place in the labor hierarchy, but choices are also influenced by cultural background. More in-depth research will be needed at the demand as well as the offer sides to complement these preliminary findings.
Malgré l'importance croissante du tourisme de croisière dans le monde, on sait très peu sur la vie des employés des navires de croisière, et comment ils utilisent leur temps libre dans les ports d'escale. Cet article présente les résultats d'une recherche exploratoire à petite échelle sur les activités de l'équipage et le staff de croisière sur l'île de Cozumel, au Mexique, un important port d'escale pour les voyages dans les Caraïbes. Réalisée en 2009, la recherche qualitative pour ce document comprenait l'observation participante, plusieurs conversations informelles et des entretiens semi-structurés avec vingt employés des navires de croisière et avec six propriétaires et employés des entreprises locales. Nos résultats confirment les conclusions d'autres auteurs mais apportent aussi de nouvelles informations sur les facteurs qui déterminent les choix individuelles concernant les activités, les lieux et ceux qui les accompagnent. La disponibilité de temps et d'argent, liées à la position de chaque travailleur dans la hiérarchie de l'emploi, sont importants, mais les choix sont également influencés par leur culture. Des investigations plus détaillées sont nécessaires en ce qui concerne l'offre et la demande pour compléter ces résultats préliminaires.
A pesar de la creciente importancia del turismo de cruceros en todo el mundo, se sabe muy poco sobre la vida de los empleados de cruceros, y cómo utilizan su tiempo libre en los puertos de escala. Este trabajo presenta los resultados de una investigación exploratoria a pequeña escala sobre las actividades de la tripulación de los cruceros en la isla de Cozumel, México, un puerto de escala importante para las rutas del Caribe. Realizado en 2009, la investigación cualitativa para este trabajo incluyó la observación participativa, varias conversaciones informales y entrevistas semi-estructuradas con veinte empleados de cruceros y seis propietarios y empleados de empresas locales. Nuestras conclusiones confirman las conclusiones de otros autores y aportan además nuevos datos sobre los factores que determinan las elecciones que se hace con respecto a las actividades, los lugares y la compañía. Disponibilidad de tiempo y dinero, relacionados con la posición de cada trabajador en la jerarquía laboral, son importante pero las opciones también están influidas por su cultura. Más investigación en profundidad se necesitará con respecto a la demanda, así como con respecto a la oferta, para complementar estos resultados preliminares.
Cozumel
Mexique

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.5133
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/5133

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: People in developed countries are widely exposed to low levels of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Seafood is a major contributor to PCB exposure. Toxicity of those various pollutants to reproductive and endocrine functions raises questions about possible effects on fertility. We explored whether serum levels of these pollutants and seafood consumption were associated with the fertility of couples enrolled in a French birth cohort (PELAGIE). METHODS: Time-to-pregnancy was investigated in 3,421 pregnant women by asking how many months they had taken to conceive. Levels of 14 organochlorine pesticides, 12 PCBs, and 10 PBDE compounds were measured in cord blood serum from a random subcohort (n = 394). Mercury concentrations measured in maternal hair were considered as a potential coexposure. Fecundability odds ratios (ORs) were estimated from multivariate discrete-time Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: Shellfish consumption was associated with longer time-to-pregnancy (fecundability OR ≥twice/week vs. 0.410 µg/L vs. <0.266 µg/L, fecundability OR = 0.46 [0.32-0.66]). In multiple sensitivity analyses, reduced fecundability was most consistently associated with shellfish consumption, p,p'-DDE, total PCBs, PCB153, and PCB187. Models that simultaneously included multiple coexposure factors led to similar conclusions. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings were robust in sensitivity analyses, including analysis restricted to primiparous women. These results suggest that PCBs, p,p'-DDE, and other shellfish contaminants may impair human fertility.
ISSN: 1044-3983

inserm-00826533
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00826533
DOI : 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31827f53ec
PUBMED : 23348067

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
Plasmodium vivax malaria is an important public health issue in the Amazon region, and it accounts for approximately 84 % of cases of the disease. Migration across the border between Brazil and French Guiana contributes to the maintenance of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic and parasitological responses of patients with P. vivax malaria treated with chloroquine and primaquine in the socio-environmental context of cross-border interactions between Brazil and French Guiana. The factors controlled were diagnostic agreement, adherence, adjustment of primaquine doses for patient weight, and quality of the drugs used. A prospective study was conducted in 2011 with 103 individuals aged 10-60 years with a positive diagnosis of P. vivax treated with chloroquine (10 mg base/kg on the first day, followed by 7.5 mg/kg on the second and third days) and primaquine for 7 days, who were followed for 28 days. The primaquine doses were adjusted for the patients' weight. A number of factors were determined: epidemiological characteristics, origin of patients, signs and symptoms, initial parasitaemia and parasitaemia clearance time, blood concentrations of chloroquine and primaquine, quality of anti-malarial drugs and diagnostic agreement. Ninety-five patients were followed for 28 days. There was a 100 % agreement in microscopic diagnosis between field laboratory and reference centre. The adhesion to the treatment was 100 %. Of these patients, 32.6 % received a weight-adjusted dose of primaquine. The chloroquine and primaquine tablets were consistent with the optimal quality limits for human consumption. The investigated patients achieved optimal blood exposure to anti-malarial drugs. The parasitological and therapeutic response was adequate in 99.0 % of cases. In the municipality of Oiapoque, the therapeutic regime used for the treatment of P. vivax malaria using chloroquine combined with primaquine remains effective, when external factors are controlled, such as the quality of anti-malarial drugs, the adhesion to the treatment prescribed, the correct diagnostic and the adjustment of primaquine dose for patient body weight.
ISSN: 1475-2875

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
pasteur-01229355
https://hal-pasteur.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01229355
https://hal-pasteur.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01229355/document
https://hal-pasteur.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01229355/file/s12936-015-0925-7.pdf
PUBMEDCENTRAL : PMC4600333

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : Growth defense tradeoff theory predicts that plants in low-resource habitats invest more energy in defense mechanisms against natural enemies than growth, whereas plants in high-resource habitats can afford higher leaf loss rates. A less-studied defense against herbivores involves the synchrony of leaf production, which can be an effective defense strategy if leaf biomass production exceeds the capacity of consumption by insects. The aim of this study was to determine whether leaf synchrony varied across habitats with different available resources and whether insects were able to track young leaf production among tree habitat specialists in a tropical forest of French Guiana. We predicted that high-resource habitats would exhibit more synchrony in leaf production due to the low cost and investment to replace leaf tissue. We also expected closer patterns of leaf synchrony and herbivory within related species, assuming that they shared herbivores. We simultaneously monitored leaf production and herbivory rates of five pairs of tree species, each composed of a specialist of terra firme or white-sand forests within the same lineage. Our prediction was not supported by the strong interaction of habitat and lineage for leaf synchrony within individuals of the same species; although habitat specialists differed in leaf synchrony within four of five lineages, the direction of the effect was variable. All species showed short time lags for the correlation between leaf production and herbivory, suggesting that insects are tightly tracking leaf production, especially for the most synchronous species. Leaf synchrony may provide an important escape defense against herbivores, and its expression appears to be constrained by both evolutionary history and environmental factors.
ISSN: 1385-0237

hal-01204221
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01204221
DOI : 10.1007/s11258-013-0290-y
PRODINRA : 288500

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
This study aimed to compare the relative survival of patients with invasive breast cancer between women from French Guiana (a French territory in South America) and metropolitan France. No study hadever compared survival of breast cancer on the basis of immigrant status in France. Our study underlined that access to care for migrants is challenging whichwgenerates health inequalities. Background The prognosis of breast cancer in French Guiana is worse than in France with 23 deaths per 100 incident cases against 17 per 100 in metropolitan France. This study aimed to compare relative survival of patients with invasive breast cancer (IBC) between women from French Guiana and metropolitan France and to determine risk factors influencing breast cancer survival in French Guiana.Materials and methods Data were collected from the Cancer registry of French Guiana. We comparedthe relative survival of women with IBC between French Guiana and metropolitan France. We used Cox's proportional hazard regression to evaluate the effect of prognostic factors on cancer-specific mortality in French Guiana. Results We included all 269 cases of IBC in women diagnosed in French Guiana between 2003 and 2009. The overall 5-year relative survival rate of patients with IBC was 79% in French Guiana and 86% in metropolitan France. The place of birth (foreign country versus French territory), the tumor stage at the time of diagnosis, the mode of diagnosis (symptoms versus screening), the presence of hormone receptors in the tumor and the histologic type were the variables associated with survival differences. None of the other study variables were significantly associated with prognosis. Conclusion Access to care for migrants is challenging,which leads to health inequalities. Early detection through prevention programs is crucial to increaseIBC survival notably for foreign-born patients.
ISSN: 1526-8209

hal-01288657
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01288657
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01288657/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01288657/file/2016%2C%20Roue%20-%20Predictive%20factors%20of%20the%20survival%20of%20women%20with%20invasive%20breast%20cancer%20in%20French%20Guiana.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
The formation of ovarian follicles is a finely tuned process that takes place within a narrow time-window in rodents. Multiple factors and pathways have been proposed to contribute to the mechanisms triggering this process but the role of endocrine factors, especially estrogens, remains elusive. It is currently hypothesized that removal from the maternal hormonal environment permits follicle formation at birth. However, experimentally-induced maintenance of high 17β-estradiol (E2) levels leads to subtle, distinct, immediate effects on follicle formation and oocyte survival depending on the species and dose. In this study, we examined the immediate effects of neonatal E2 exposure from post-natal day (PND) 0 to PND2 on the whole organism and on ovarian follicle formation in rats. Measurements of plasma E2, estrone and their sulfate conjugates after E2 exposure showed that neonatal female rats rapidly acquire the capability to metabolize and clear excessive E2 levels. Concomitant modifications to the mRNA content of genes encoding selected E2 metabolism enzymes in the liver and the ovary in response to E2 exposure indicate that E2 may modify the neonatal maturation of these organs. In the liver, E2 treatment was associated with lower acquisition of the capability to metabolize E2. In the ovary, E2 depleted the oocyte pool in a dose dependent manner by PND3. In 10 µg/day E2-treated ovaries, apoptotic oocytes were observed in newly formed follicles in addition to areas of ovarian cord remodeling. At PND6, follicles without any visible oocyte were present and multi-oocyte follicles were not observed. Our study reveals a major species-difference. Indeed, neonatal exposure to E2 depletes the oocyte pool in the rat ovary, whereas in the mouse it is well known to increase oocyte survival.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-00936582
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00936582
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00936582/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00936582/file/Systemic_Compensatory_Response-accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0082175