North America -- Costa Rica -- San Jose

Résumé : The slides were taken on collecting trips sponsored by the William L. Bryant Foundation, where books, music and art indigenous to the regions were gathered. The are organized by geographical location.
Some of the names on buildings pictured are Da Costa & Co. Ltd., Knights, and others. A Texaco gasoline tank can be seen. Slide labeled Barb 13.
Barbados -- Caribbean region -- Bridgetown, Saint Michael

Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@ucf.edu
CFM1972_01a
Sheet 20: 7
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00017913/00001

Résumé : Imputer, comme on le fait quotidiennement, le mal-développement des départements français d’outre-mer à leur « éloignement » et à leur « insularité » est devenu un véritable rite, mais paraît peu fondé lorsque l’on analyse objectivement les conditions de la desserte et de l’approvidionnement de ces départements depuis la métropole : l’insularité n’est plus une réalité économique. Bien au contraire, son abolition a exposé les activités productives locales à la concurrence des importations, et les a littéralement laminées. La dangereuse montée de l’inactivité au sein des populations de l’outre-mer conduit donc à rechercher les conditions d’une relance de ces activités productives. La conquète de nouveaux marchés extérieurs suppose des avantages comparatifs … qui restent à découvrir. La reconquète du marché intérieur serait, par contre, possible si une protection ponctuelle du marché local par des droits de douane redevenait juridiquement concevable : le passage à un statut communautaire de P.T.O.M. en serait la condition.
French Overseas Départements are no longer islands as far as their economy is concerned : costs of transatlantic transportation has become too low to provide local productions with sufficient protection. The growth of local unemployment is a threat today for these societies. Producing new goods or services for export seems hardly conceivable for the time being, as french Overseas departments did not find any comparative advantage so far. So, recovering domestic market seems the only way to get jobs. But such a policy would require that would be allowed to raise customs to protect their domestic market : a change for a new status in E.U. law would be necessary, and these ultraperipherical regions would have to be changed into overseas countries and territories.
Martinique
Guadeloupe
21
20

Droits : Ce document est protégé par le droit d'auteur. Il ne peut en aucun cas être utilisé sans l'autorisation de l'auteur et des ayant droits
recherch:HASH0100299346894139b808b859

Éditeur(s) : EDP Sciences
Résumé : The cost of ecosystem services degradation is a major topic as underlined by the TEEB program (The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity), which proposed an assessment of the costs of policy inaction in the field of biodiversity conservation. In the same vein, the report of the French Centre for Strategic Analysis on the Economic Approach to Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services turns its attention to the value of ecosystem services, suggesting some elements that could help measure the cost of biodiversity degradation. There is however some confusion regarding the notion of cost. Thus, in the case of TEEB the proposed cost assessment translates into monetary terms the loss of potential profits from ecological services. Yet, another way of assessing these costs could be to estimate the investment required to maintain the ecological potential of ecosystems to deliver these services. This latter approach may be considered better suited to the concept of “inaction” proposed by the TEEB report. In addressing this point, the paper attempts to identify the operational implications of these two assessment methods and their links with decision-making. One of our findings is that the economic approach to biodiversity tends to focus systematically on the question of the monetary value of ecosystem services while regulatory texts increasingly consider the cost assessment of maintaining ecosystem services.
La question des coûts de l’érosion des services écologiques est un sujet très important, comme l’a souligné le programme TEEB (The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity), qui a proposé une évaluation des coûts de l’inaction politique dans le domaine de la conservation de la biodiversité. Dans la même veine, le rapport du Centre d’analyse stratégique, intitulé Approche économique de la biodiversité et des services liés aux écosystèmes, s’est intéressé à la question de la valeur des services écosystémiques et a proposé quelques éléments qui permettraient d’évaluer le coût de leur érosion. Il existe cependant une certaine confusion autour de cette notion de coût. Ainsi, dans le cas du TEEB, l’évaluation proposée des coûts traduit en termes monétaires la perte de bénéfices potentiels que les services écologiques perdus auraient pu délivrer à l’horizon 2050. Mais une autre manière d’évaluer ces coûts aurait pu être d’estimer les investissements à réaliser pour maintenir les capacités écologiques des écosystèmes à délivrer ces services. En approfondissant ce point, le présent article permet de souligner les différences entre les implications opérationnelles de ces deux approches, mais aussi leurs connexions avec des processus décisionnels précis. Une de nos conclusions est que l’approche économique de la biodiversité a tendance à se focaliser systématiquement sur la question de la valeur monétaire des services écologiques, alors que l’évaluation des coûts de maintien des potentialités écologiques dont dispose la biodiversité pour délivrer des services écosystémiques semble être aujourd’hui privilégiée dans les textes réglementaires.
Natures Sciences et Sociétés (1240-1307) (EDP Sciences), 2012 , Vol. 20 , P. 16-29

Droits : NSS-Dialogues, EDP Sciences 2012
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00120/23115/20960.pdf
DOI:10.1051/nss/2012003
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00120/23115/

Extrait de : Histoire de la navigation de Jean Hugues de Linschot, Hollandois aux Indes orientales. Contenant diverses descriptions des lieux jusqu'à présent descouverts par les Portugais : Observations des coutumes & singularitez de delà, & autres déclarations (entre p. 20 et p. 21)
Résumé : Carte de la coste des Indes depuis la Mer Rouge, jusques a Bengala [légende de l'auteur]
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 16
Droits : Domaine public
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/images/MMC16127-1-0046i1
MMC16127-1-0046i1

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley Open Access
Résumé : 11 pages
International audience
The loss of regulating agents such as parasites is among the most important changes in biotic interactions experienced by populations established in newly colonized areas. Under a relaxed parasite pressure, individuals investing less in costly immune mechanisms might experience a selective advantage and become successful colonizers as they re-allocate resources to other fitness-related traits. Accordingly, a refinement of the evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA) hypothesis proposed that immunity of invasive populations has evolved toward a reduced investment in innate immunity, the most costly component of immunity, and an increased humoral immunity that is less costly. Biogeographical approaches comparing populations between native and expansion ranges are particularly relevant in exploring this issue, but remain very scarce. We conducted a biogeographical comparison between populations of Spectacled Thrush (Turdus nudigenis) from the native area (South America) and from the expansion range (Caribbean islands). First, we compared haemosporidian prevalence and circulating haptoglobin (an acute-phase protein produced during inflammation). Second, we challenged captive birds from both ranges with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and measured postchallenge haptoglobin production and body mass change. Birds from the expansion range showed lower haemosporidian prevalence and lower levels of haptoglobin than birds from the native range. In addition, the inflammation elicited by LPS injection and its associated cost in terms of body mass loss were lower in birds from the expansion range than in birds from the native range. In accordance with the enemy release hypothesis, our results suggest that range expansion is associated with a reduced infection risk. Our study also supports the hypothesis that individuals from newly established populations have evolved mechanisms to dampen the inflammatory response and are in accordance with one prediction of the refined EICA hypothesis, proposed to understand biological invasions.
ISSN: 2045-7758

hal-01403291
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01403291
DOI : 10.1002/ece3.2486

Éditeur(s) : Imprenta Alsina (Sauter, Arias & Co.) Imprenta Alsina (Sauter, Arias & Co.) ( San José, Costa Rica )
Résumé : (Statement of Responsibility) Justo A. Facio.
(Internal Comments) Justo A. Facio.
Costa Rica
Costa Rica

AFH7168
07494495
001091631

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : La provincia de Limón, en la costa caribeña de Costa Rica, es conocida por su alto índice de pobreza, el alto desempleo y la violencia en comparación con el resto del país. Este artículo es una revisión de la historia de la región a través de las imágenes de la ciudad de Limón, entre el siglo XIX y el año 1967, fecha de la celebración de la apertura de Limón como puerto internacional. El objetivo es tratar de entender la situación actual a partir del análisis de las representaciones del pasado. Pero más específicamente, el trabajo pretende poner de relieve la diferencia étnica en la región como un importante obstáculo para su integración en el conjunto nacional.
La province de Limón dans le Caraïbe costaricien est connue pour sa condition de grande pauvreté, son taux de chômage élevé et sa violence par rapport au reste du pays. Cet article fait un bilan de l’histoire de la région à travers les images de la ville de Limón entre le xixe siècle et l’année 1967 ; date de la célébration de l’ouverture de Limón comme port international. Le but est d’essayer de mieux comprendre la situation actuelle à partir de l’analyse des représentations du passé. Mais, plus particulièrement, le travail cherche à mettre en relief la différence ethnique de la région comme un obstacle important à son intégration dans l’ensemble national.
The province of Limón in the Caribbean Coast of Costa Rica is known for its high rate of poverty, the high unemployment and violence compared to the rest of the country. This article is a review of the history of the region through the images of the city of Limón between the nineteenth century and the year 1967, date of the celebration of the opening of Limón as an international port. The goal is to try to understand the current situation from the analysis of representations of the past. But more specifically, the work seeks to highlight the ethnic difference in the region as a major obstacle to its integration into the national set.
Limón
Costa Rica

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.5715
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/5715

Éditeur(s) : Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida ( Gainesville, Fla )
Résumé : (Dates or Sequential Designation) 1999-
Latest issue consulted: 2002.
Mexico
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Dominican Republic
Uruguay
Jamaica
Trinidad and Tobago
Bolivia
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Venezuela
Brazil
Argentina
Chile
Paraguay
Latin America
Latin America
Latin America

AEW7530
48447906
000990589
2004233277

Résumé : The document, fifth edition of a collection which has started in 1997, presents a survey of marine-related activities in France. The commercial sector includes exploitation and extraction of marine resources, manufacturing industry, private services. In this new edition, a special effort is devoted to the analysis of maritime ports related industries. The non-commercial sector includes public services, among which the Navy, state services, education, safety, marine and coastal environment protection, marine sciences. Each activity of the commercial sector is described by key figures (turnover, value added, employment). The non-commercial sector includes data on running costs, in particular personnel costs. In addition to indicators, qualitative information is provided on the recent developments and future prospects of industries.
Le document, cinquième édition d'une série lancée en 1997, présente un panorama des activités liées à la mer en France. Le secteur marchand comprend l'exploitation et l'extraction des ressources marines, l'industrie manufacturière, les services privés. Dans cette nouvelle édition, un effort particulier est consacré à l'analyse de l'activité portuaire. Le secteur non marchand est constitué des services publics, dont la Marine nationale, les services de l'État, l'enseignement, la sécurité, la protection de l'environnement littoral et marin, la recherche scientifique. Chaque activité du secteur marchand est décrite par des chiffres-clés (chiffre d'affaires, valeur ajoutée, emploi). Sur le secteur non marchand sont fournies des données de coûts, dont les coûts de personnel. Tous ces indicateurs sont accompagnés d'informations qualitatives sur l'évolution récente et les perspectives des branches d'activité.

Droits : 2004 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00083/19400/16993.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00083/19400/

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : The Nephrops trawl fishery is one of the most important fisheries in the Bay of Biscay. The fishery management essentially relies on conservation measures, a total at I owed catch (TAC) for Nephrops together with a mini mum landing size (MLS) and minimum trawl mesh size (70 mm stretched mesh). These measures have failed to prevent high discard levels of many species that characterize the fishery. Nephrops trawlers thus discard about half of their Nephrops catches in numbers (a third in weight) of which only 30% survive. Nephrops discards mainly occur in younger Nephrops age groups below the MLS. This is a waste for the already overexploited Nephrops stock as well as for the fleet. Based on a bio-economic simulation model, the paper analyses the consequences of several scenarios of improving Nephrops selectivity. The potential impacts of these scenarios on Nephrops biomass, landings, discards and economic indicators (e.g. rent) are examined and a cost-benefit analysis of each scenario is carried out. We show that a better exploitation pattern would benefit fisheries that have high level of discards. Reducing non-commercial Nephrops discards leads to positive net present values of rent with better value realized from the production potential and limited short-term losses for the fishing units. By taking account of the economic dynamics of increasing effort however, we show that selectivity measures are insufficient. Regulating access to the fishery is also required to ensure the sustainability of the fishery and a better exploitation of the production potential. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Fisheries Research (0165-7836) (Elsevier), 2008-07 , Vol. 92 , N. 1 , P. 76-89

Droits : 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-4478.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.fishres.2007.12.021
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4478/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The paper presents coastal structures design in the presence of waves by the minimization of a cost function. It aims to show that shape optimization can be efficiently applied to ocean engineering. This is an underlying guiding principle for the design of harbors or offshore breakwaters. We compute the solution of a specific simplified boundary value problem describing the short wave propagation toward a vertical sea cliff or vertical wall and modify accordingly the shape of defense structures in order to minimize a pre-defined cost function taking into account the strength (energy) of the water waves. The optimization procedure relies on a global semi-deterministic search algorithm able to escape from local minima.
ISSN: 0378-3839

hal-00411905
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00411905
DOI : 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2007.06.006

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : Herbivorous (20% vegetable protein, 40% carbohydrate) and carnivorous diets (40% marine animal protein, 20% carbohydrate) were experimentally tested to assess their effect on the energy balance and energetic substrates utilized by postlarvae (PL's /15 days) and juvenile shrimp (3-6 g) of Litopenaeus vannamei. Postlarval stage 60 (PL60, early juveniles) shrimps fed HeD and CaD diets, then late juveniles (3-6 g) acclimated to the same diets were tested for their respective energy partitioning potential. No significant differences (p>0.05) on growth were obtained in early juveniles (mean final wet weight of 0.19 g). However in late juvenile stages a significant difference (p<0.05) in growth rate was observed. In terms of energy partitioning, both early and late juveniles seem to spend more energy in respiratory metabolism than in the elimination of excretion products. A change in feed composition based on quality protein sources induced some modifications on shrimp's activity measured by heat increment. Shrimps fed with an herbivorous diet showed a higher heat increment. Interestingly, the early stages of L vannamei display a remarkable capacity to assimilate a plant protein-based and a high carbohydrate level diet. Such capacity with a stimulation of genes would lead to a good adaptation of juveniles receiving all-plant diets to sustain growth performances up to a marketable size. The implications of these findings for the shrimp farming feeding costs are briefly discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Aquaculture (0044-8486) (Elsevier), 2009-11 , Vol. 296 , N. 1-2 , P. 123-128

Droits : 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-7402.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.08.007
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/7402/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The Corinth Rift is the most seismically active zone in Europe. Since the year 2000, the Corinth Rift Laboratory (CRL, http://crlab.eu) consisting in a multidisciplinary natural observatory, aims at understanding the mechanics of faulting and earthquake nucleation in the Rift. Recent studies have improved our view about fault geometry and mechanics within CRL but there is still a critical need for a better knowledge of the structure at depth.In this project, we aim to analyze the complete seismological database (13 years of recordings) of CRL by using recently developed methodologies of structural imaging in order to determine, with high resolution, the local 3D structure and the earthquake locations. We perform an iterative joint determination of 3D velocity model and earthquake coordinates. P and S velocity models are estimated through a first arrival traveltime tomography by using the adjoint state method proposed by Taillandier et al. (2009). It consists in the minimization of the cost function between observed and theoretical arrival times,which is achieved by estimating the gradient of the cost function. Earthquake locations are also estimated with a linearized inversion approach by computing the gradient of the misfit function. Iterations are repeated until the cost function no longer decreases. We present preliminary results consisting in: (1) the adjustment of a 1D velocity model that is used as initial model of the 3D tomography and (2) a first attempt of the joint determination of 3D velocity model and earthquake locations.We also perform a preliminary receiver function analysis of teleseismic data recorded by the broadband stations of the CRL network. The multiscale approach (Gesret et. al., 2010) analysis of teleseismic P to S converted waves allows to analyze the signal toward the higher frequencies and thus to characterize the structure at depth with a high resolution. Our multiscale approach should give us reliable depth of interfaces beneath seismometers in the CRL area. In this first attempt, we adjust the 1D velocity model that produces a synthetic RF as similar as possible to the stack of observed RF for a subset of data. The identified interfaces could then be compared with heterogeneities imaged by the tomography.
AGU Fall Meeting
San Fransico, United States

hal-01417184
https://hal-mines-paristech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01417184

Éditeur(s) : s.n. s.n.
North America -- Costa Rica

183328320

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Science Bv
Résumé : Total lipid content and lipid class composition were analyzed in gonads, liver and white muscle of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) throughout ovary development to understand its reproductive allocation strategy and to assess the relation between female condition and reproduction. A total of 112 females were collected onboard purse-seiner in the Western Indian Ocean from January to March 2009, from June to July 2009, and from April to May 2010. Gonads were characterized by highly variable total lipid contents ranging from 5 to 27 μg mg−1 of wet weight (ww) with a predominance of neutral lipids, mainly triacylglycerols (TAG) and sterol- and wax-esters. The different lipid classes in gonads described an accumulative pattern through the maturity process from immature to hydration phase. Total lipid content in liver varied from 10 to 21 μg mg−1 ww, and serves as fuel for yellowfin tuna reproduction. TAG and phospholipid deposits became depleted as the ovary developed, suggesting a transfer of lipids directly from liver to the oocytes during vitellogenesis. In contrast, muscle total lipid content was low and constant throughout ovarian development (2.5–6 μg mg−1 ww). Hence, yellowfin tuna can be defined as an income-capital breeder species for which the cost of reproduction depends mainly on concurrent energy income from feeding and only little on stored lipids. Besides, no significant relationship between gonad lipid composition and fecundity was found in females able to spawn. Finally, the influence of yellowfin tuna aggregation behaviour on reproductive female condition has been investigated: gonad total lipid contents were higher in females caught in free-swimming schools than in females caught under fish aggregating devices (FADs). However, these results did not clarify whether the influence of FADs on associated yellowfin tuna affects their reproductive capacity.
Fisheries Research (0165-7836) (Elsevier Science Bv), 2014-12 , Vol. 160 , P. 50-59

Droits : 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00171/28266/28075.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.fishres.2013.12.010
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00171/28266/

Éditeur(s) : Research Institute on Immigration and Ethnic Studies, Smithsonian Institution Research Institute on Immigration and Ethnic Studies, Smithsonian Institution ( Washington D.C )
Résumé : (Statement of Responsibility) edited by William F. Stinner, Klaus de Albuquerque, and Roy S. Bryce-Laporte.
(Bibliography) Includes bibliographies.
Dominican Republic
Costa Rica
Puerto Rico
Caribbean Area
Caribbean Area
Caraïbes (Région)
Caraïbes (Région)
United States
Caribbean Area
EE.UU
Caribe, Area del
États-Unis
Caraïbes (Région)

08953227
82600341

Éditeur(s) : Blackwell science
Résumé : The co-culture of juvenile sea cucumber Holothuria scabra (Jaeger), or 'sandfish', with juvenile blue shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris (Stimpson) was tested by growing groups in co-culture and monoculture for 3 weeks in tanks with enriched sand substratum. Feed was supplied on trays, accessible only to shrimp. Survival of shrimp and sandfish was high in all treatments (73-100%). Growth of shrimp did not differ between monoculture and co-culture, but sandfish grew significantly slower in co-culture (P=0.03), although their sand burying and surface foraging were apparently unaffected by shrimp (P=0.76). However, shrimp increased the levels of total ammonia-N in tanks, which related inversely with sandfish growth (P=0.04). Conversely, sandfish did not appear to lower the water quality for shrimp culture. While sandfish bioturbate sediments and eat organic deposits, the juveniles did not significantly reduce the organic content of sand in tanks. Co-culturing juveniles of the two species in earthen ponds appears feasible, with no detriment to shrimp production, presenting a cost-effective method for growing sandfish to larger sizes for restocking. These findings underpin further studies to test the viability of commercial co-culture of sandfish with blue shrimp at later stages in the production cycle of shrimp.
Aquaculture Research (1355-557X) (Blackwell science), 2006-03 , Vol. 37 , N. 5 , P. 515-522

Droits : 2006 Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-1356.pdf
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01458.x
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1356/

Éditeur(s) : [s.n.]
Résumé : (Funding) Funded in part by the University of Florida, the Florida Heritage Project of the State University Libraries of Florida, the Institute for Museum and Library Services, and the U.S. Department of Education's TICFIA granting program.
Unitd States of America -- Texas
Costa Rica
Panama
Mexico
Guatemala
Belize
Honduras
El Salvador
Nicaragua

Droits : This item is presumed to be in the public domain. The University of Florida George A. Smathers Libraries respect the intellectual property rights of others and do not claim any copyright interest in this item. Users of this work have responsibility for determining copyright status prior to reusing, publishing or reproducing this item for purposes other than what is allowed by fair use or other copyright exemptions. Any reuse of this item in excess of fair use or other copyright exemptions may require permission of the copyright holder. The Smathers Libraries would like to learn more about this item and invite individuals or organizations to contact Digital Services (UFDC@uflib.ufl.edu) with any additional information they can provide.
002356800
ALW1228
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00067860/00001

Éditeur(s) : SANREM CRSP SANREM CRSP
Résumé : Description based on: 1995; title from cover.
Costa Rica
Ecuador
Honduras
Burkina Faso
Philippines

104632668