Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Frontiers
Résumé : International audience
Glufosinate ammonium (GLA) is one of the most widely used herbicides in agriculture. As is the case for most pesticides, potential adverse effects of GLA have not been studied from the perspective of developmental neurotoxicity. Early pesticides exposure may weaken the basic structure of the developing brain and cause permanent changes leading to a wide range of lifelong effects on health and/or behavior. Here, we addressed the developmental impact of GLA by exposing female mice to low dose GLA during both pre- and postnatal periods and analyzed potential developmental and behavioral changes of the offspring during infancy and adulthood. A neurobehavioral test battery revealed significant effects of GLA maternal exposure on early reflex development, pup communication, affiliative behaviors, and preference for social olfactory cues, but emotional reactivity and emotional memory remained unaltered. These behavioral alterations showed a striking resemblance to changes seen in animal models of Autistic Spectrum Disorders. At the brain level, GLA maternal exposure caused some increase in relative brain weight of the offspring. In addition, reduced expression of Pten and Peg3 - two genes implicated in autism-like deficits - was observed in the brain of GLA-exposed pups at postnatal day 15. Our work thus provides new data on the link between pre- and postnatal exposure to the herbicide GLA and the onset of autism-like symptoms later in life. It also raises fundamental concerns about the ability of current safety testing to assess risks of pesticide exposure during critical developmental periods.
ISSN: 1662-5153

hal-01121829
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01121829
PUBMED : 25477793
DOI : 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00390
PUBMEDCENTRAL : PMC4238406

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
Peel splitting is a major physiological disorder affecting post-harvest banana quality. This phenomenon occurs only 3-6 days after ripening induction in specific cultivars such as cv. 925 when stored in saturating humidity conditions. In these conditions, Cavendish cultivars (Grande Naine, cv. GN) are not susceptible to splitting. Cvs. 925 and GN were thus investigated to detect possible determinants associated with splitting. Splitting intensity was tentatively found to be associated with an inverse water flux at high relative humidity (RH) through an osmotic peel to pulp water flux resulting from the higher sugar content in the pulp than in the peel. Rheological properties were measured, and although the peel resistance and elasticity in cv. 925 were surprisingly higher than in cv. GN, saturating humidity conditions (100 % RH) substantially reduced the peel resistance. However, the peel epicuticular wax in cv. 925 was clearly thinner than that in cv. GN, thus leading to limitation of peel hydration in cv. GN. Peel splitting in cv. 925 was also associated with a boost in respiration, an increase in oxidative stress markers (H2O2), resulting in an increase in cellular damage markers (MDA, PEL). Overall, our results suggest that peel splitting at high RH in cv. 925 is related to fast decrease peel water content and the induction of high oxidative stress damage.
ISSN: 0137-5881

hal-01545907
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01545907
DOI : 10.1007/s11738-016-2253-0

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the chronic respiratory disease with the most important burden on public health in terms of morbidity, mortality and health costs. For patients, COPD is a major source of disability because of dyspnea, restriction in daily activities, exacerbation, risk of chronic respiratory failure and extra-respiratory systemic organ disorders. The previous French Language Respiratory Society (SPLF) guidelines on COPD exacerbations were published in 2003. Using the GRADE methodology, the present document reviews the current knowledge on COPD exacerbation through 4 specific outlines: (1) epidemiology, (2) clinical evaluation, (3) therapeutic management and (4) prevention. Specific aspects of outpatients and inpatients care are discussed, especially regarding assessment of exacerbation severity and pharmacological approach.
Revue Des Maladies Respiratoires

hal-01560287
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01560287
DOI : 10.1016/j.rmr.2017.03.034
PUBMED : 28552256

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
Background: The Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway is involved in essential cell processes and it is abnormally activated in similar to 30 % of cancers and cognitive disorders. Two ERK isoforms have been described, ERK1 and ERK2; ERK2 being regarded by many as essential due to the embryonic lethality of ERK2 knock-out mice, whereas mice lacking ERK1 are viable and fertile. The controversial question of why we have two ERKs and whether they have differential functions or display functional redundancy has not yet been resolved. Results: To investigate this question we used a novel approach based on comparing the evolution of ERK isoforms' sequences and protein expression across vertebrates. We gathered and cloned erk1 and erk2 coding sequences and we examined protein expression of isoforms in brain extracts in all major clades of vertebrate evolution. For the first time, we measured each isoforms' relative protein level in phylogenetically distant animals using anti-phospho antibodies targeting active ERKs. We demonstrate that squamates (lizards, snakes and geckos), despite having both genes, do not express ERK2 protein whereas other tetrapods either do not express ERK1 protein or have lost the erk1 gene. To demonstrate the unexpected squamates' lack of ERK2 expression, we targeted each ERK isoform in lizard primary fibroblasts by specific siRNA-mediated knockdown. We also found that undetectable expression of ERK2 in lizard is compensated by a greater strength of lizard's erk1 promoter. Finally, phylogenetic analysis revealed that ERK1 amino acids sequences evolve faster than ERK2' s likely due to genomic factors, including a large difference in gene size, rather than from functional differences since amino acids essential for function are kept invariant. Conclusions: ERK isoforms appeared by a single gene duplication at the onset of vertebrate evolution at least 400 Mya. Our results demonstrate that tetrapods can live by expressing either one or both ERK isoforms, supporting the notion that ERK1/2 act interchangeably. Substrate recognition sites and catalytic cleft are nearly invariant in all vertebrate ERKs further suggesting functional redundancy. We suggest that future ERK research should shift towards understanding the role and regulation of total ERK quantity, especially in light of newly described erk2 gene amplification identified in tumors.
ISSN: 1471-2148

hal-01546165
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01546165
DOI : 10.1186/s12862-015-0450-x

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Biophysical Society
Résumé : International audience
SHG angular intensity pattern (SHG-AIP) of healthy and proteolysed muscle tissues are simulated and imaged here for the first time to our knowledge. The role of the spatial distribution of second-order nonlinear emitters on SHG-AIP is highlighted. SHG-AIP with two symmetrical spots is found to be a signature of healthy muscle whereas SHG-AIP with one centered spot in pathological mdx muscle is found to be a signature of myofibrillar disorder. We also show that SHG-AIP provides information on the three-dimensional structural organization of myofibrils in physiological and proteolysed muscle. Our results open an avenue for future studies aimed at unraveling more complex physiological and pathological fibrillar tissues organization.
ISSN: 0006-3495

hal-00825645
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00825645
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00825645/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00825645/file/Theoretical-SHG-accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.02.047

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
OBJECTIVES: To detect new hazards ("signals"), occupational health monitoring systems mostly rest on the description of exposures in the jobs held and on reports by medical doctors; these are subject to declarative bias. Our study aims to assess whether job-exposure matrices (JEMs) could be useful tools for signal detection by improving exposure reporting. METHODS: Using the French national occupational disease surveillance and prevention network (RNV3P) data from 2001 to 2011, we explored the associations between disease and exposure prevalence for 3 well-known pathology/exposure couples and for one debatable couple. We compared the associations measured when using physicians' reports or applying the JEMs, respectively, for these selected diseases and across non-selected RNV3P population or for cases with musculoskeletal disorders, used as two reference groups; the ratio of exposure prevalences according to the two sources of information were computed for each disease category. RESULTS: Our population contained 58,188 subjects referred with pathologies related to work. Mean age at diagnosis was 45.8 years (95% CI 45.7; 45.9), and 57.2% were men. For experts, exposure ratios increase with knowledge on exposure causality. As expected, JEMs retrieved more exposed cases than experts (exposure ratios between 12 and 194), except for the couple silica/silicosis, but not for the MSD control group (ratio between 0.2 and 0.8). CONCLUSIONS: JEMs enhanced the number of exposures possibly linked with some conditions, compared to experts' assessment, relative to the whole database or to a reference group; they are less likely to suffer from declarative bias than reports by occupational health professionals.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

hal-01560279
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01560279
DOI : 10.1007/s00420-017-1215-1
PUBMED : 28299449

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Acute viral hepatitis results from an inefficient innate immune response to clear the virus and a delayed immune adaptive response. Murine hepatitis virus (MHV) infection represents a unique animal model to identify new escape mechanisms in liver of innate immune responses. The objective of this study was to identify early disorders in TLRs, helicases, cytokines and chemokines favoring the development of a fulminant hepatitis. Groups of C57BL/6 WT and TLR2-/- mice were infected with highly hepatotropic MHV3 and/or weakly hepatotropic MHV-A59 viruses. Histopathological analysis of liver and mRNA expression levels of viral nucleoprotein, viral sensors, interferons, cytokines and chemokines assessed by RT-qPCR were done in the first 3 days of infection. The results showed that liver damages, viral replication and mRNA levels of TLR-2, TLR-3, RIG-1, MDA-5, IL-33, IFN-b, CXCL1, CXCL9, CXCL-10, CXCL-11, CCL3, CCL5, IL-6 and TNF-a increased higher or appeared sooner in MHV3-infected WT than in MHV-A59 and TLR2-/- mice. To address the role of hepatocytes in TLR2-dependent viral replication and innate immune factors, in vitro viral infections were performed on FL83B cells. The results showed that viral replication and mRNA levels of TLR-2 and IL-6 occurred sooner than those of other innate immune parameters. Moreover, blockade of TLR-2 by siRNA decreased IFN-b, TNF-a, CXCL-1, CXCL-10 and CCL-2 expression in infected hepatocytes and also inhibited the viral replication of MHV-A59, and at a lesser extent of MHV3, suggesting that TLR-2 signaling promotes simultaneously the viral replication and the production of innate immune factors in hepatocytes, exacerbating viral hepatitis.
Frontiers of Immunology
Milan, Italy

hal-01118155
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01118155
DOI : 10.3389/conf.fimmu.2013.02.00648

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD MDPI
Résumé : International audience
The number and amount of man-made chemicals present in the aquatic environment has increased considerably over the past 50 years. Among these contaminants, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) represent a significant proportion. This family of compounds interferes with normal hormonal processes through multiple molecular pathways. They represent a potential risk for human and wildlife as they are suspected to be involved in the development of diseases including, but not limited to, reprotoxicity, metabolic disorders, and cancers. More precisely, several studies have suggested that the increase of breast cancers in industrialized countries is linked to exposure to EDCs, particularly estrogen-like compounds. Estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) are the two main transducers of estrogen action and therefore important targets for these estrogen-like endocrine disrupters. More than 70% of human breast cancers are ERα-positive and estrogen-dependent, and their development and growth are not only influenced by endogenous estrogens but also likely by environmental estrogen-like endocrine disrupters. It is, therefore, of major importance to characterize the potential estrogenic activity from contaminated surface water and identify the molecules responsible for the hormonal effects. This information will help us understand how environmental contaminants can potentially impact the development of breast cancer and allow us to fix a maximal limit to the concentration of estrogen-like compounds that should be found in the environment. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of emerging estrogen-like compounds in the environment, sum up studies demonstrating their direct or indirect interactions with ERs, and link their presence to the development of breast cancer. Finally, we emphasize the use of in vitro and in vivo methods based on the zebrafish model to identify and characterize environmental estrogens.
ISSN: 2073-4425

hal-01616486
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01616486
DOI : 10.3390/genes8090229
PUBMED : 28914763
PUBMEDCENTRAL : PMC5615362

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The aim was to identify patterns of work organization characteristics using data from epidemiological surveillance program of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) implemented in the Pays de la Loire region between 2002 and 2005. A total of 3710 workers were included and completed a administered questionnaire including 16 organizational variables. Ascendant hierarchical clustering (AHC) of organizational variables and AHC of workers had identified five patterns of work organization characteristics: technical constraints and weak decision latitude; internal/external demand and mean decision latitude; weak pace constraints and mean decision latitude; internal/external demand and high decision latitude; weak pace constraints and high decision latitude. Relationships with MSD diagnosed by occupational physicians were then studied.
The specific health programs (SHP) are one of the four mechanisms of prevention planned by the Health and Safety at work Law in the province of Quebec. If the Law appoints only a responsible doctor, it is in reality Health at work teams (HWT) that develop these SHP. In this communication, based on the model of the working situation and the diagram of inter professional practices of collaboration, we study the practices of inter professional collaboration (CIP) in the HWT. The observed practices vary between independent practices, in parallel, of consultation, of dialogue and in shared services. Formalization of the teams, coordination of communication, leadership, respect and professional identities influence particularly the practices of CIP.
L’objectif était d’identifier des patterns de caractéristiques d'organisation du travail à partir des données du programme de surveillance épidémiologique des troubles musculo-squelettiques (TMS) mis en œuvre dans les Pays de la Loire entre 2002 et 2005. Au total, 3 710 salariés ont été inclus et ont répondu à un questionnaire comportant notamment 16 variables organisationnelles. Une classification ascendante hiérarchique (CAH) des variables organisationnelles puis une CAH des salariés ont permis d’identifier cinq patterns de caractéristiques d’organisation du travail : contraintes techniques et faible latitude décisionnelle ; demande interne/externe et latitude décisionnelle moyenne ; faibles contraintes de rythme et latitude décisionnelle moyenne ; demande externe/interne et forte latitude décisionnelle ; faibles contraintes de rythme et forte latitude décisionnelle. Les associations avec les TMS diagnostiqués par des médecins du travail ont ensuite été étudiées.
Actes du 50ème congrès de la Société d'Ergonomie de Langue Française
Paris, France

halshs-01307785
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01307785

Résumé : Les pathologies inflammatoires démyélinisantes primitives du système nerveux central (SNC) sont dominées par deux entités : la sclérose en plaques (SEP) et la neuromyélite optique (NMO). Ces deux pathologies se différencient par : 1. leur phénotype, la NMO se caractérisant par une myélite extensive dans le plan transversal et longitudinal et peu de lésions encéphaliques initiales ; 2. leur sévérité, le pronostic de la NMO étant moins bon que celui de la SEP ; 3. leur mécanisme immunologique, puisque l’immunité humorale domine nettement dans la NMO, cette pathologie répondant peu ou pas aux traitementshabituellement prescrits dans la SEP. Un anticorps sérique (IgG-NMO) a été retrouvé chez les patients atteints de NMO avec une sensibilité de 50-70% et une spécificité de 90-100%. Cet anticorps a pour cible le principal canal hydrique du SNC, l’aquaporine-4 (AQP4), qui se situe principalement sur les pieds astrocytaires jalonnant la barrière hémato-encéphalique. La SEP est relativement familière des neurologues car décrite sur le plan épidémiologique et dans son histoire naturelle depuis plus d’un siècle à travers de larges séries réalisées parfois en population générale. Son approche thérapeutique progresse suite à des essais contrôlés qui s’accumulent depuis maintenant près de 20 ans. Toutefois, la majorité des travaux ont été effectués chez les populations Caucasiennes en raison de sa plus grande fréquence dans ces populations. A l’inverse, la NMO garde encore un relatif mystère à cause de sa relative rareté, l’établissement très récent de critères diagnostiques et une physiopathologie très récemment éclaircie par la découverte de l’IgG-NMO qui a indiscutablement suscité un regain d’intérêt de cette affection. Ainsi, son incidence est quasiment inconnue de même que sa susceptibilité génétique. La progression du handicap de la NMO qu’il soit visuel ou moteur à l’évidence sévère, ne repose toujours pas sur des chiffres précis, la description des lésions neuroradiologiques reste encore très embryonnaire. Enfin, même s’il existe un consensus pour traiter énergiquement les poussées de NMO et les espacer, il n’existe quasiment aucune étude prospective.
Introduction: Aim of the study is to describe épidemiology, phenotype and treatment of demyelinating inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) namely multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) in French West Indies.Epidemiology: MS emerged in the French West Indian (FWI) population with an incidence of 1.27/100 000 (CI 95%: 1.16-1.38) for the period 1992-2007 while incidence of NMO remained stable at 0.19/100,000 (CI 95%: 0.15–0.23). Both migration in Metropolitean France (MF) and decrease of sun exposure were risk factors for MS acquisition in FWI. Phenotype and treatment of NMO: NMO is a very rapidly disabling disease with median times to reach DSS 3, 6 and 8 of one year, 8 years and 22 years respectively. However, treatment by plasma exchanges were shown to reduce sequellae of NMO attacks ; mitoxantrone and rituximab reduced significantly annualized relapse rate (ARR) from 1.7 to 0.29 (p<10-4) and from 1,34 to 0,56 (p=0.0005) respectively, improving dramatically natural course of NMO.Phenotype and treatment of MS: Absence of Migration in MF in MS patients was found to be the strongest independent predictive factor of disability progression to DSS 6 (hazard ratio, 2.59; p=0.0002); beside short time to DSS3 (p=0.005), later age at onset (p=0.005), and multi-symptomatic onset (p=0.03). Treatment of MS by interferon beta-1 had a moderate impact in MS while natalizimab proved to be highly effective by reducing drastically ARR and inflammatory parameters on magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusion: Spectrum of demyelinating inflammatory disorders of CNS has reversed in French West Indies with overrepresentation of MS. Agressive therapy is needed to improve prognosis of NMO. Rapidly increasing of its incidence makes MS a new public health problem in French West Indies.

http://www.theses.fr/2012AGUY0511/document

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that reproductive abnormalities are increasing in frequency in both human population and among wild fauna. This increase is probably related to exposure to toxic contaminants in the environment. The use of sentinel species to raise alarms relating to human reproductive health has been strongly recommended. However, no simultaneous studies at the same site have been carried out in recent decades to evaluate the utility of wild animals for monitoring human reproductive disorders. We carried out a joint study in Guadeloupe assessing the reproductive function of workers exposed to pesticides in banana plantations and of male wild rats living in these plantations. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed to assess semen quality and reproductive hormones in banana workers and in men working in non-agricultural sectors. These reproductive parameters were also assessed in wild rats captured in the plantations and were compared with those in rats from areas not directly polluted by humans. RESULTS: No significant difference in sperm characteristics and/or hormones was found between workers exposed and not exposed to pesticide. By contrast, rats captured in the banana plantations had lower testosterone levels and gonadosomatic indices than control rats. CONCLUSION: Wild rats seem to be more sensitive than humans to the effects of pesticide exposure on reproductive health. We conclude that the concept of sentinel species must be carefully validated as the actual nature of exposure may varies between human and wild species as well as the vulnerable time period of exposure and various ecological factors.
Environmental health : a global access science source [electronic resource]

hal-00669505
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00669505
DOI : 10.1186/1476-069X-7-40
PUBMED : 18667078

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The use of communication networks and especially the Internet is now part of the functional and intellectual environment of our society. The information and communication technologies (ICT) establish new links between the processes of production, dissemination and reception of information and knowledge. This paper is the beginning of an approach which aims to explore the genesis of the logic for networking activities and human intellectual productions. This is one of the paradoxes of our time to see two logics cohabiting (hierarchical and reticula types), apparently contradictory.Indeed, between the pyramid and the network, a fundamental paradigm shift is highlighted by the constantly increasing development of digitaltechnologies.
L'utilisation des réseaux de communication et particulièrement d'Internet fait désormais partie de l'environnement fonctionnel et intellectuel de notresociété. Les technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) instaurent de nouvelles articulations entre les processus de production dediffusion et de réception de l’information et de la connaissance. Cette contribution constitue le début d’une approche qui se propose d’explorer lagenèse des logiques de mise en réseau des activités et des productions intellectuelles humaines. C’est un des paradoxes de notre temps que de voircohabiter deux logiques (de type hiérarchique et de type réticulé), apparemment contradictoires. En effet, entre la pyramide et le réseau, une évolution paradigmatique fondamentale se trouve mise en lumière par le développement sans cesse croissant des technologies numériques.
Les écosystèmes numériques et la démocratisation informationnelle : Intelligence collective, Développement durable, Interculturalité, Transfert de connaissances
Schoelcher, France

hal-01276701
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01276701
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01276701/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01276701/file/Lise%20VIEIRA.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Background: Mounier-Kuhn syndrome (MKS) is a rare disorder characterized by enlargement of the trachea and main bronchi and associated with recurrent respiratory tract infections. Objective: This multicenter, retrospective study was carried out to describe respiratory conditions associated with tracheobronchomegaly. Methods: Nine institutions involved in the ‘Groupe d'Endoscopie de Langue Française' (GELF) participated in this study. A standard form was used to record patient characteristics, treatments and follow-up from medical charts. Results: Seventeen patients, 53% male, aged 58 ± 18 years at diagnosis were included. Recurrent infections revealed MKS in 88% of cases. Main comorbid conditions were diffuse bronchiectasis in 88% of patients and tracheobronchomalacia in 67% of cases. The exacerbation rate was 1.5 exacerbations/patient/year. The main non-respiratory morbid condition was gastroesophageal reflux disease in 29% of cases. Interventional bronchoscopy was performed in seven patients (41%), consisting of laser (n = 2) and tracheal stenting (n = 5). Complications related to stents were observed in 80% of cases with a mean stent duration of 8 months. Four deaths, including three due to respiratory causes, occurred during follow-up. Conclusions: This is the largest series of MKS reported in the literature, showing that bronchiectasis and tracheobronchomalacia are the main associated morbid conditions that constitute a challenge for treatment.
Respiration

hal-01331182
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01331182
DOI : 10.1159/000445029
PUBMED : 27022925

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Masson
Résumé : International audience
Introduction: Hydroxyurea is an antimetabolite widely used in the treatment of myeloproliferative diseases. Usual side effects are mainly hematological, gastrointestinal, neurological disorders and induced-fevers. More rarely, hydroxyurea-induced pneumonitis are reported. Case report: We report a case of a patient treated for polycythemia vera. She was admitted 20 days after introduction of hydroxyurea for a high fever, productive cough and clear sputum associated with nausea. Chest CT-scan found diffuse bilateral ground-glass opacities. The microbiological investigations were negative. Symptoms disappeared few days after discontinuation of treatment. Its reintroduction led to recurrence of symptoms. Conclusion: This additional case completes the 15 cases of hydroxyurea-induced pneumonitis described in the literature. Two forms of this disease seem to exist: an acute form with fever occurring in the month following introduction of hydroxyurea; and a chronic form without fever. Even if it is uncommon, pulmonologists should be aware of this complication.
ISSN: 0761-8425

hal-00916333
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00916333
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00916333/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00916333/file/hydroxyurA_e_version_rA_visA_e.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.rmr.2013.09.001