Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD MDPI
Résumé : International audience
Marine ecosystems cover about 70% of the planet surface and are still an underexploited source of useful metabolites. Among microbes, filamentous fungi are captivating organisms used for the production of many chemical classes of secondary metabolites bound to be used in various fields of industrial application. The present study was focused on the collection, isolation, screening and genotyping of pigmented filamentous fungi isolated from tropical marine environments around La Réunion Island, Indian Ocean. About 150 micromycetes were revived and isolated from 14 marine samples (sediments, living corals, coral rubble, sea water and hard substrates) collected in four different locations. Forty-two colored fungal isolates belonging to 16 families, 25 genera and 31 species were further studied depending on their ability to produce pigments and thus subjected to molecular identification. From gene sequence analysis, the most frequently identified colored fungi belong to the widespread Penicillium, Talaromyces and Aspergillus genera in the family Trichocomaceae (11 species), then followed by the family Hypocreaceae (three species). This study demonstrates that marine biotopes in La Réunion Island, Indian Ocean, from coral reefs to underwater slopes of this volcanic island, shelter numerous species of micromycetes, from common or uncommon genera. This unstudied biodiversity comes along with the ability for some fungal marine inhabitants, to produce a range of pigments and hues.
ISSN: 2309-608X

hal-01657071
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01657071
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01657071/document
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01657071/file/14-%20Fouillaud%20et%20al.%2C%20J.%20of%20Fungi%202017.pdf
DOI : 10.3390/jof3030036

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Masson
Résumé : While oceanic circulation in the Gulf of Lion (GoL) has often been studied in calm weather or with northerly winds (Tramontane or Mistral) through observations and numerical circulation models, few studies have focused on southeasterly storm events. Yet, correct representation of the circulation during storms is crucial if the suspension of sediments is to be correctly modelled throughout the Gulf. The purpose of this paper is to describe the hydrodynamics in the Gulf of Aigues-Mortes (NW of the GoL) during the storm of 18 February 2007 by using a set of data from an ADCP station placed at a depth of 65 m on the sea bed off the coast at Sète, supplemented by the ocean circulation model SYMPHONIE. This storm was characterized by a moderate south-easterly wind (15 m . s−1) and waves of up to 5 m of significant height at its apex. At the ADCP, strong currents of up to 0.8 m . s−1 near the surface and 0.5 m . s−1 near the bottom were recorded, parallel to the coast, flowing towards the south-west. The simulated currents were widely underestimated, even taking the effect of waves into account in the model. It was suspected that the representation of the wind in the atmospheric model was an underestimation. A new simulation was therefore run with an arbitrarily chosen stronger wind and its results were in much better agreement with the measurements. A simplified theoretical analysis successfully isolated the wind-induced processes, responsible for the strong currents measured during the apex and the strong vertical shear that occurred at the beginning of the storm. These processes were: 1/ the barotropic geostrophic current induced by a wind parallel to the coast and 2/ the Ekman spiral. The duration of the storm (about 36 h at the apex) explains the continuous increase of the current as predicted by the theory. The frictionally induced Ekman transport explains the current shear in the surface layer in the rising stage of the storm, and the addition of high waves and strong wind at the apex is more in favour of strong vertical mixing in the surface layer.
ISSN: 1631-0713

hal-00908200
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00908200
DOI : 10.1016/j.crte.2013.07.001

Résumé : Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion, OTEC, is a concentrated renewable source of energy available in the one third of the world's ocean lying in the tropics. An OTEC plant is a heat engine fed with warm surface water and cold water pumped up from the deep. The difference of temperature, 20°C, is small, it can be used to produce electricity as well as fresh water. Plants can be installed on land or at sea. The main problem is to build and deploy a large diameter pipe to pump the cold water from 600 to 1 000 m in depth. France, who discovered the idea realised some major demonstrations fifty years ago. More recently US and Japanese firms have spent more than dollars 200 millions to develop prototypes and research in this field. Several major OTEC pilot plants are presently discussed mainly hy US, Japanese and French teams. The main challenge is to prove the potential competitivness of OTEC electricity in the 10 to 100 MWe range, with diesel electricity in the 1990's. Production of OTEC desalination water and marine proteins are also under consideration. The present book give a unique overview of both technical and economical aspects of this promising source of energy. [NOT CONTROLLED OCR]
L'Océan présente un potentiel considérable d'énergie renouvelable. Dans ce domaine, l'énergie thermique des mers (ETM) apparaît très riche de promesses. C'est une idée française: elle est due à d'Arsonval (1881). Les travaux de G. Claude et P. Boucherat (1928-1934), les projets d'Abidjan (1940-1956) et de la Guadeloupe (1958) essaieront de la matérialiser. Depuis les années 60, ce sont surtout les Américains et les Japonais qui développent les recherches. La France a repris ses projets à partir de 1978, de même que certains pays d'Europe, Cet ouvrage expose les caractéristiques de l'ETM et fixe les ordres de grandeur qui permettent de dimensionner les composants d'une centrale. Il rend compte des recherches menées dans différents pays pour maîtriser la technologie ETM :aux États-Unis, au Japon, en Grande-Bretagne, en Suède, en France et, plus récemment, en Inde ou à Taïwan. Il examine les potentialités réelles dans 98 pays et territoires qui ont accès au gisement ETM et dont les 2/3 sont dans la mouvance européenne. L'étude traite enfin du coût de cette énergie dans la perspective d'une compétitivité du KWG/ETM avec le KWG/fioul. L'examen porte ainsi sur d'autres actions possibles: production eau douce, aquaculture, froid. [OCR NON CONTRÔLE]

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1986/rapport-4310.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4310/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
Objective: The first aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance of Enterobacteriaceae in different water environments of Guadeloupe and especially those impacted by waste water treatment plants (WWTP) effluents. The second objective was to characterize the genetic basis for antibiotic resistance of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates (ESBLE and AmpCE).Methods: We have collected 70 surface waters (river and sea samples) impacted or not by WWTP and 18 waste waters from 2 WWTPs in 2012 and 2013. We i) determined the total and resistant bacterial counts and ii) tested isolated Enterobacteriaceae for their antimicrobial susceptibility. We also studied the genetic basis for antibiotic resistance of ESBLE and AmpCE, and the genetic background of Escherichia coli.Results: In rivers, contamination with Escherichia coli and antibiotic resistant coliforms (ARC) increased from the source to the mouth. Highest levels of river contamination with E. coli (9.26 x 105 MPN/100mL) and ARC (2.26 x 108 CFU/mL) were observed in surface water sampled near the discharge. A total of 246 Enterobacteriaceae strains resistant to antibiotics were isolated, mostly from waste waters and from river water collected near the discharge. Among these strains, 33 were Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBLE) and 8 E. coli were AmpC beta-lactamase producers. All the ESBLE were isolated from waste waters or from river water collected near the discharge. The blaCTX-M gene was present in 29 of the 33 ESBLE strains, with 24 belonging to group 1. Numerous strains (68.7%) showed more than one acquired antibiotic resistance mechanism. E. coli strains belonged to different phylogenetic groups; among the B2 group, most strains belonged to the ST131 clone.Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that many human activities can supply antibiotic-resistant bacteria in surface water. Nevertheless, WWTPs were the most important supplier of ESBLE in water environment of Guadeloupe.
ISSN: 1932-6203

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
hal-01485327
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01485327
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01485327/document
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01485327/file/journal.pone.0173155.pdf
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0173155.t002

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
High sea surface temperature accompanied by high levels of solar irradiance is responsible for the disruption of the symbiosis between cnidarians and their symbiotic dinoflagellates from the genus Symbiodinium. This phenomenon, known as coral bleaching, is one of the major threats affecting coral reefs around the world. Because an important molecular trigger to bleaching appears related to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), it is critical to understand the function of the antioxidant network of Symbiodinium species. In this study we investigated the response of two Symbiodinium species, from contrasting environments, to a chemically induced oxidative stress. ROS produced during this oxidative burst reduced photosynthesis by 30 to 50% and significantly decreased the activity of superoxide dismutase. Lipid peroxidation levels and carotenoid concentrations, especially diatoxanthin, confirm that these molecules act as antioxidants and contribute to the stabilization of membrane lipids. The comparative analysis between the two Symbiodinium species allowed us to highlight that Symbiodinium sp. clade A temperate was more tolerant to oxidative stress than the tropical S. kawagutii clade F. These differences are very likely a consequence of adaptation to their natural environment, with the temperate species experiencing conditions of temperature and irradiance much more variable and extreme.
ISSN: 0140-7791

hal-01546161
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01546161
DOI : 10.1111/pce.12825

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Science Bv
Résumé : On the Mediterranean continental shelves the post-glacial transgressive succession is a complex picture composed by seaward progradations, related to sea level stillstands and/or increased sediment supply to the coasts, and minor flooding surfaces, associated to phases of enhanced rates of sea level rise. Among Late Pleistocene examples, major mid-shelf progradations have been related to the short-term climatic reversal of the Younger Dryas event, a period during which the combination of increased sediment supply from rivers and reduced rates of sea level rise promoted the formation of progradations up to tens-meter thick. While the documentation of coastal and subaqueous progradations recording the Younger Dryas interval are widely reported in the literature, the model of compound progradation within transgressive deposits is not proposed so far. Here we present the documentation of a deltaic system where both delta front sands and related fine-grained subaqueous progradations (prodeltaic to shallow marine) have been preserved. The Paleo Gargano Compound Delta (PGCD) formed offshore the modern Gargano Promontory (southern Adriatic Sea), and is composed by a coastal coarse-grained delta of reduced thickness and a muddy subaqueous clinoform, up to 30 meters thick. The PGCD, probably the first worldwide documentation of a compound delta within the transgressive record, provides the opportunity to investigate the processes controlling the formation of a compound delta system during an overall sea level rise and the factors that allowed its preservation. The finding of the PGCD provides the opportunity of a comparison with modern worldwide compound systems.
Marine Geology (0025-3227) (Elsevier Science Bv), 2015-04 , Vol. 362 , P. 43-59

Droits : 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00250/36158/34714.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.margeo.2015.01.010
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00250/36158/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : In order to identify and quantify the Rif (Morocco) present-day deformation, especially those related to active faults (location, geometry, kinematic), we perform a morphotectonic study. The studied area and faults are located in the Northern part (conjugate faults of Al-Hoceima Bay: Trougout, Boujibar and Rouadi), the Eastern part (Nekor fault) and the Southern part of the chain (Rif frontal thrust between Fes and Meknes cities).Morphotectonic tools (DEMs at different scales, satellite and aerial pictures), field studies and Quaternary dating methods (U/Th, OSL, 14C and in-situ cosmogenic isotopes 10Be, 3He, 36Cl) allow us to characterize transtensional deformation in the Northern Rif. Horizontal and vertical slip rates along the N-S-oriented Trougout major fault are ~1.6 mm/yr and ~2 mm/yr respectively. In the Southern part, the Rif frontal thrust shows a shortening rate of ~1.8 mm/yr into Fes and Meknes area. In the Eastern part, the deformation is focused on the Nekor left-lateral strike-slip major fault with ~1.5 mm/yr. Incision features and raised marine terraces involve an uplift of the chain about ~0.2 mm/yr. The overall deformation in the Rif seems to be continuous since the Messinian-Pliocene time.These new morphotectonic constraints are consistent with the GPS measurements showing southwestward overall motion of most of the Rif belt with respect to stable Africa, associated to clockwise rotation. Finally, we propose a geodynamic model in which the Rif, the Alboran sea and the Betics belong to a single microplate bounded by the strike-slip faults of the Betics on the North, the Rif frontal thrust on the South, the Nekor and TASZ (Trans Alboran Shear Zone) strike-slip faults on the East and North-East, and the western Rif folded structures on the West.
L'objectif de cette étude est d'identifier et de quantifier les déformations actuelles dans la chaine du Rif (Maroc), notamment celles associées aux failles actives (localisation, géométrie, cinématique). Pour ce faire, nous mettons en œuvre pour la première fois dans cette région, une approche morphotectonique. Les sites et failles sélectionnés et étudiés se situent dans la partie Nord (les failles conjuguées de la baie d'Al-Hoceima: Trougout, Boujibar et Rouadi), l'Est (la faille de Nékor) et le Sud (front chevauchant sud rifain entre Fes et Meknes).A partir des outils de la morphotectonique (MNTs à différentes résolutions, images satellitaires, photographies aériennes), d'analyses de terrain et grâce aux méthodes de datation du Quaternaire (U/Th, OSL, 14C et isotopes cosmogéniques produits in-situ 10Be, 3He, 36Cl), cette étude met en évidence et quantifie une déformation transtensive dans la partie Nord de la chaine. Les vitesses de glissement horizontales et verticales le long de la faille principale d'orientation méridienne de Trougout sont de ~1.6 mm/an et ~2 mm/an, respectivement. Dans la partie Sud, nous montrons que le front rifain entre Fez et Meknes est actif avec une vitesse de raccourcissement de ~1.8 mm/an. La déformation dans la région Est se localise principalement sur la faille du Nékor avec une vitesse décrochante senestre de ~1.5 mm/an. Par ailleurs, la présence de nombreuses figures d'incision et de surfaces marines soulevées au niveau du littoral Nord témoignent d'une surrection généralisée de la chaine de l'ordre de ~0.2 mm/an. L'ensemble de cette déformation semble être constante depuis la période du Messino-Pliocène. Ces résultats sont cohérents avec les données GPS qui montrent un déplacement de ~5mm/an vers le SW de l'ensemble du Rif associé à un mouvement rotatif horaire, dans le référentiel Afrique stable. D'un point de vue géodynamique, nous proposons que le Rif, la mer d'Alboran et les Bétiques appartiennent à une même microplaque limitée au Nord par les failles décrochantes des Bétiques, au Sud par le chevauchement rifain, à l'Est et au Nord-Est par les failles décrochantes de Nékor et de la TASZ (Trans Alboran Shear Zone) et à l'Ouest par les structures plissées bordières du Rif.
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01170466

NNT : 2014MON20105
tel-01170466
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01170466
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01170466v2/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01170466/file/41875_POUJOL_2014_archivage_cor.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
We investigate the contribution of atmospheric and its induced non-tidal oceanic loading effects on surface time-varying gravity and tilt measurements for several stations in Western Europe. The ocean response to pressure forcing can be modelled accordingly to the inverted barometer, i.e. assuming that air pressure variations are fully compensated by static sea height changes, or using ocean general circulation models.Wevalidate two runs of theHUGO-mbarotropic ocean model by comparing predicted sea surface height variations with hundred tide-gauge measurements along the European coasts. We then show that global surface pressure field, as well as a barotropic high-resolution ocean model forced by air pressure and winds allow in most cases a significant reduction of the variance of gravity residuals and, to a smaller extends tilt residuals. Wefinally show that precise gravity measurements with superconducting gravimeters allow the observation of large storm surges, occurring in the North Sea, even for inland stations. However, we also confirm that the continental hydrology contribution cannot be neglected. Thanks to their specific sensitivity feature, only tiltmeters closest to the coast can clearly detect the loading due to these storm surges.
ISSN: 0264-3707

hal-00708046
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00708046
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00708046/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00708046/file/ETS2008_BOY.pdf
BIBCODE : 2009JGeo...48..182B

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Les plages sableuses constituent une frontière mobile et poreuse entre l'océan ouvert et la terre. La compréhension de la circulation dans les nappes de plage est importante pour une variété de processus physiques, biologiques et chimiques. On cherche à caractériser in-situ la dynamique souterraine sous la zone de swash. Le site atelier est la plage microtidale de Rousty (Camargue, France). L'étude, réalisée sur 48h les 13 et 14 décembre 2014, fait partie d'une plus grande campagne de mesure visant à caractériser la réponse hydro-morphologique de la plage de Rousty à une saison hivernale. La période présentée ici correspond à la phase de déclin d'une tempête modérée. La stratégie retenue dans le cadre de ce projet a été de déployer un réseau de15 capteurs de pression enterrés sous la zone de swash. Les caractéristiques des vagues incidentes, à la fois au large et dans la zone de surf interne, ont été mesurées conjointement à l'utilisation d'un LiDAR terrestre haute fréquence permettant de suivre la surface libre et l'évolution du lit sableux à haute fréquence sur la zone de swash. L'analyse des données moyennées dans le temps a mis en évidence la présence d'un schéma de circulation relativement robuste sous la zone de swash, qui se décale vers le large en suivant la descente du niveau moyen et la diminution de l'activité des vagues. La tendancedominante est un écoulement vers le large, avec une intensité maximale de l'ordre de 0.1mm/s modulé par des infiltrations et exfiltrations dans les parties hautes et basses de la zone de swash, respectivement. L'analyse haute fréquence à des événements de swash sélectionnés ont mis en évidence uncycle souterrain caractéristique.
XIV èmes Journées Nationales Génie Côtier – Génie Civil
toulon, France

hal-01357778
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01357778

Éditeur(s) : ISTPM
Résumé : The albacore is not always found in the same spots in the Madeiran waters: It sometimes cruises in deep waters and sometimes at the surface. In 1923, I described the Madeiran fishing techniques for both cases: for deep-sea fishing, fishermen drop their lines at depths of between 50 metres and 300 metres. [...]
Le Germon ne se présente pas toujours de la même façon dans les eaux de Madère : tantôt il est en profondeur, tantôt en surface. Dès 1923, j'ai décrit les procédés de pêche madériens dans l'un et l'autre cas : pour la pêche en profondeur, les pêcheurs mouillent leurs lignes à des profondeurs différentes qui s'échelonnent entre 50 mètres et 300 mètres. Il y a six lignes par embarcation, munies d'un seul hameçon auquel on attache un poisson vivant (maquereau, chichard, etc.). En surface le germon se présente en troupes nombreuses que les pêcheurs désignent sous le nom d'atum de cacho (thons en grappe). Ils le pêchent le long du bord à l'aide d'un engin spécial appelé salta para atum, manoeuvré par deux hommes, c'est une perche rigide de 2m50 prolongé par une branche flexible de cognassier (marmeleiro) d'environ 70 centimètres à laquelle est fixée une ligne de 2 mètres terminée par un fil de laiton et un hameçon non boëtté. [OCR NON CONTRÔLE]
Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Pêches Maritimes (0035-2276) (ISTPM), 1937-09 , Vol. 10 , N. 3 , P. 347-351

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1937/publication-5760.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/5760/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The Miradouro da Lua cliffs, which are 60 km south of Luanda, record the building and uplift of the late Neogene Palaeo-Cuanza delta. The detailed study of the sedimentary architecture and stacking pattern permitted separation of the pile into five depositional units bounded by erosional surfaces and characterised by separate facies associations (genetic sequences = units in this paper). At the base of the series, aeolian deposits (Unit 1) mark the development of a possible coastal desert during the late Miocene aridification. The major Pliocene sea-level rise (Transgressive Systems Tract) led to the drowning of the continental platform into a discrete shoreface-foreshore sequence (Unit 2), followed by an expanded deltaic sequence (Unit 3) that represents the main outcrop of the area. The sedimentary fabric of this prograding wedge during the Highstand Systems Tract reveals laterally stacked pluri-hectometic mouth bars built by the abrupt switching of a bird-foot delta during the Pliocene highstand. The clinoforms are deeply incised by submarine gullies filled both by periodic river-driven turbidite and tidal currents (Unit 4) during the coeval growing of the delta. The topset of the prograding wedge and associated gullies infill is truncated by an overall erosional unconformity that marks the widespread development of an extensive braid-delta system (Unit 5) during the lower Pleistocene sea-level drop (Lowstand Systems Tract). The last 6 m of the Braid-delta unit is overprinted by a ferallitic profile, forming the surface of the plateau and indicating long-term subaerial exposure and weathering processes consistent with the maximum warming of the middle to late Pleistocene interglacial periods. The successive abrupt shifts of the depositional systems through the sedimentary pile indicate a high-amplitude sea level amplified by major coastal uplifts and the reorganisation of the fluvial network. In this context, the palaeo-Cuanza prograding wedge signals the westward tilting and 60 m total uplift of the coastal plain during the Pliocene. A new uplift pulse by differential tilt and slope increase is deduced from the widespread development of the braid-delta complex during the early Pleistocene. The last tectonic event corresponds to the 80- to 100-m uplift and ferallitic paedogenesis during the middle to late Pleistocene interglacial stages.
ISSN: 0899-5362

hal-01053716
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01053716
DOI : 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.01.013

Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-Villars
Résumé : Five particle traps were deployed at depths of 4 400 to 4 900 rn at two stations on the Demerara abyssal plain and one station on the Cape Verde abyssal plain (tropical Atlantic). At the same time, an intensive sampling of superficial sediments was carried out using a 0,25 m2 box corer. The total particle flux varied from 372 to 87,7 mg dry weightfm2/day. The average concentration of organic carbon was 40 mg/g of material collected. ln the surface sediment this was only 4 mg/g. A direct relationship existed between the intensity of the flux of organic matter and the richness of the organic matter of the deposited sediment. According to our calculations, more than 90% of the organic matter arriving at the bottom is consumed by the abyssal benthos and only 1% is lost to permanent sediment deposits. For 100 calories consumed by the benthos, 99 are utilized by the infauna and flora, 0, 7 by the holothurian egafauna and 0,3 by near-bottom fisches. The biochemical composition of the particles is characterized at ali stations by a predominance of "humic" material in the total organic matter (more than 55%). The part of the molecules unaltered form living material varied from on station to another: for the most oceanic station the protein dominated, composing 20% of the total energy. At the station onder the influence of the continent the lipid fraction grew and was almost equal to that of the protein. ln this case, the carbohydrate fraction was very weak (7% of the organic matter). Finally the preference of the animais which feed on the particles is principally for the most energetic (lipid) and the most easily hydrolysable (labile protein) molecules: the other molecules, such as the humic matter, are less preferred, although they still contribute to about half of the energy consumed by the abyssal benthic animais.
Cinq pièges à particules ont été déployés à des profondeurs comprises entre 4400 et 4 900 rn sur deux stations dans la plaine abyssale de Demerara et une station dans la plaine abyssale du Cap Vert (Atlantique tropical). Dans le même temps, un échantillonnage intensif du sédiment superficiel a été réalisé à l'aide d'un carottier de 0,25 m2 d'ouverture. Le flux particulaire total mesuré varie de 372 mg de matière sèche/m2/jour à 87,7 mg/m2/g de matériel récolté. Dans les sédiments superficiels, elle n'est plus que d'environ 4 mg/g. Il existe une relation directe entre l'intensité du flux organique et la richesse en composés organiques du sédiment. D'après nos estimations, plus de 90% du matériel organique arrivant sur le fond sont consommés par les organismes benthiques abyssaux et seulement 1% est perdu dans la sédimentation permanente. Pour 100 calories consommées par le benthos, 99 le sont par la petite faune et la flore vivant dans le sédiment, 0, 7 calories sont utilisées par les holothuries (mégafaune) et 0,3 calories par les poissons. La composition biochimique des particules se caractérise, à toutes les stations, par la prédominance des composés organiques transformées néobiogéniques ( « humus ») dans la matière organique totale (plus de 55%). La part des molécules de la matière vivante varie d'une station à l'autre: à la station la plus océanique, les protéines dominent et composent 200/o de l'énergie totale des apports. Dans la station plus soumise aux influences continentales, la concentration en lipides augmente et peut égaler celle des protéines. Dans ce cas, le taux de glucides des particules est très faible (7% des apports organiques). Enfin, les préférences nutritionnelles des animaux qui s'alimentent sur ces particules se portent principalement sur les molécules les plus énergétiques (lipides) et les plus facilement hydrolysables (protéines labiles) : les autres molécules, comme les composés néobiogéniques sont moins recherchés bien qu'ils contribuent pour moitié à l'énergie consommée par les animaux benthiques abyssaux
Oceanologica Acta (0399-1784) (Gauthier-Villars), 1985 , Vol. 8 , N. 3 , P. 293-301

Droits : Gauthier-Villars
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00112/22318/19991.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00112/22318/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The Rif Chain (Northern Morocco) belongs, with the Betic Cordillera(Southern Spain), to the western termination of the Alpine belt. Deepestunits of the Rif Internal Zones (i.e. Lower Sebtides) outcrop in three areas, from North to South : Ceuta, Cabo Negro and Beni Bousera.The quick exhumation of these units during the Late Oligocene-EarlyMiocene is related with a crustal thinning and the Alboran Sea rifting.Despite Beni Bousera massif has been well investigated, no data areavailable in Ceuta and Cabo Negro areas. This study aims to constrainthe last steps of cooling and exhumation in the Lower Sebtides usingmedium- and low-temperature thermochronological data. Combinationof Ar-Ar on micas, fission tracks and (U-Th)/He on apatites (respectivelyAFT and AHe) from high-grade rocks allows understanding thermalhistory between 450-350°C and surface temperatures. These datasuggest a similar cooling evolution of the Ceuta and Cabo Negro units.Ages obtained with all these methods are comprised in the same interval,between 22 and 18 Ma. These data record an almost instantaneouscooling (between 50 and 200°C/Ma) associated to final exhumation afterthe Oligo-Miocene thermal event affecting these units at shallowdepths (10 km). Low-temperature data suggest that Ceuta and CaboNegro units cooled at surface temperatures before Beni Bousera ones.Since the end of Burdigalian, the Rif internal zones vertical movementsdid not exceed 1km, even during the Messinian Salinity. AFT and AHeages in the whole Sebtides are also slightly older than these obtainedin their Spanish equivalent (Alpujarrides). The Gibraltar arc is dividedinto several independent crustal blocks separated by major fault zonesperpendicular to the coast that could have induced independent verticalmovements during the entire Neogene
24 ème Réunion des sciences de la Terre 2014
Pau, France

insu-01080768
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01080768

Résumé : En 2003 des mesures au spectromètre IR à Transformée de Fourier (FTIR) ont permis d'identifier et de mesurer les COV émis par la décharge à ciel ouvert de la Gabarre, principale de l'île Guadeloupe, située entre une zone urbaine et une mangrove. Ces COV ont été retrouvés (2004) la nuit dans les cités, justifiant les plaintes des riverains. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, des mesures au spectromètre de masse portatif MS 200 ont validé ces résultats du FTIR. De nouvelles mesures au MS 200 ont été menées dans toute la zone de la décharge. Les cités concernées étant à l'opposé du flux synoptique d'Alizés-Est, les facteurs météorologiques permettant la dispersion et le transport des COV de la décharge vers la zone urbaine ont été recherchés. La diminution nocturne de l'intensité des Alizés au dessus de l'ile peut laisser place à des phénomènes locaux tels les brises. L'idée d'une brise terre-mer a été éliminée. Un maillage autou~ de la décharge (cités et mangrove) avec 8 thermomètres a révélé un îlot de chaleur urbain nocturnegénérant une brise thermique d'environ Ims- I (mesurée et calculée). Avec les radiosondages Météo France et un SODAR installé dans la décharge, une très forte stabilité dans les basses couches atmosphériques de la couche limite nocturne avec une inversion de surface d'environ 120mvv apparait. Ces facteurs expliquent la pollution des cités par les COV de la décharge, Un modèlevGaussien en tenant compte a été validé par les mesures de COV.vCette étude peut être étendue à d'autres décharges à ciel ouvert et à d'autres types de traitement de polluants de décharge.
In 2003, the VOC emissions coming from "La Gabarre", the main open landfill in Guadeloupe, located in-between an urban area and a mangrove, were identified and quantified with a portable FTIR spectrometer. In 2004, COVs found at nighttime in the urban area nearby confirmed why residents complain about. As part of this thesis, portable mass spectrometer MS 200 measurements validated these FTIR figures. New systematic SM measurements have been carried on around the landfill. Since the polluted urban area stands on the opposite way of the East Trade winds synoptic flux, aIl the weather factors likely to scatter and transport the dump COVs were scrutinized. At night, the strength of the Trade winds decreases over Guadeloupe, which may give way to local phenomena such as breezes. The occurrence of land/sea breeze was eliminated. A close surveying surrounding the landfill with 8 thermometers both in the projects and in the mangrove revealed an urban heat island causing thermal breezes of about lms-l (measured and calculated). Using soundings from Meteo France, and a SODAR inside the dump, we found a great stability of the night boundary layer with a surface inversion near 120m. Pollution of the nearby urban area with landfill COVs is elucidatcd by the above factors. A transport Gaussian model is in agreement with COV measurements. This study can be extended to different open landfills and different types of polluting matters processes in dumps

http://www.theses.fr/2013AGUY0700/document

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : A coupled three-dimensional physical-biogeochemical model was developed in order to simulate the ecological functioning of the Rio de la Plata estuary and plume. The biogeochemical model reproduces the nitrogen cycle between five compartments: dissolved inorganic nitrogen, phytoplankton, zooplankton, detritus and dissolved organic nitrogen. The coupling is tested in seasonal climatological configurations and for the particular year 1999. The circulation is forced with Parana and Uruguay rivers discharges, NCEP wind and tide. The biogeochemical model includes loads of inorganic and organic nitrogen from both rivers. The model reproduces the correct tidal amplitudes in the estuary, as well as the most outstanding features of the observed horizontal and vertical structures of the salinity plume. Simulated surface chlorophyll a concentrations exhibit maximum values all year long seaward of the turbidity front, between the 0.5 and 15 isohalines, in agreement with SeaWiFS images of the area. The model simulates well the low primary production in the light-limited highly turbid tidal river (20 gC/m(2)/yr), the high production area in the frontal zone where it can reach 500 gC/m(2)/yr, and the nutrient-limited production in the outer estuary and inner shelf (300 gC/m(2)/yr), with realistic values in each case. According to the 1999 model simulation, the tidal river is the location of organic nitrogen remineralization with a consequent increase of the inorganic pool. At the entrance of the frontal zone, inorganic nitrogen represents about 75% of the whole nitrogen pool, it is reduced to 50% at its sea end-member. The outer estuary has the same sink role for inorganic nitrogen, suggesting that organic nitrogen is the major form exported to the shelf.
Continental Shelf Research (0278-4343) (Elsevier), 2005-03 , Vol. 25 , N. 5-6 , P. 629-653

Droits : 2004 Elsevier Ltd.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2005/publication-334.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.csr.2004.10.003
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/334/

Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-Villars
Résumé : Data collected in an area enclosing New Caledonia are analysed both for the open ocean (17 degrees S-27 degrees S, 169 degrees E-170 degrees E; 1972-1992) and for one point in its lagoon (1967-1993), in order to improve our knowledge of the regional environment, with emphasis on seasonal and interannual (i.e. ENSO) variability. Long-term means and seasonal changes in surface wind, sea-surface temperature and salinity, and 0-400 m temperature, salinity and zonal geostrophic current are first described to Set the context. Through comparisons with the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), it is demonstrated that there are signals in these parameters that are connected with ENSO. During the warm phase of ENSO (SOI < 0, El Nino), we observed saltier-than-average anomalies in sea-surface salinity (similar to 0.2), 0-50 m cold temperature anomalies (similar to 0.5 degrees C) contrasting with the well-known warm eastern equatorial Pacific anomalies, together with westerly (similar to 10 m(2) s(-2)) and southerly (similar to 4 m(2) s-2) wind anomalies over a large part of the studied area. Conversely, anomalies of similar magnitude but of opposite sign were detected during the cold phase of ENSO (SOI > 0; La Nina). The mechanisms which connect these regional anomalies to ENSO evolution at low-latitudes are qualitatively discussed.
Oceanolica Acta (0399-1784) (Gauthier-Villars), 1997 , Vol. 20 , N. 3 , P. 481-491

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00093/20410/18077.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00093/20410/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Water vapour is highly variable in the atmosphere with concentration reaching saturation in the tropics and with dry areas over elevated continental region. Good knowledge of the amount of integrated water vapour in the air is necessary to predict phase changes and in particular precipitation. Water vapour variability measurements are still insufficient with standard observing systems. Moreover accurate GPS antenna positioning is affected by the refractivity index variation in the troposphere. Consequently, vertical positioning component estimation is difficult. This variation is directly linked to distribution of variables such as pressure, temperature and humidity along the path between satellite and receiver. Here we study more specifically heavy rains et notably Cevenols events. This thesis work consists to check the GPS measurement validity to quantify water vapour in comparison with measurements from radiosoundings and meteorological model outputs. GPS observations and flux surface information have been analysed to see if water vapour quantification by GPS allowed characterising heavy rain events (cumulative rainfall amount greater than 150 mm). Then, we tested the GPS data assimilation impact on cumulative precipitation forecasts using the high resolution Meteo France AROME model (2.5 km). Finally the quality and the contribution of GPS measurement on sea is evaluated for water vapour measurement. This study has been realised in the framework of VAPIMED experiment.
La vapeur d'eau varie largement dans l'atmosphère avec des concentrations allant de la saturation dans les tropiques à des zones presque sèches au-dessus des zones continentales élevées. Une bonne connaissance du contenu en vapeur d'eau dans l'air est nécessaire pour la prévision des changements de phases, notamment les précipitations. La mesure de la variabilité de la vapeur d'eau est une lacune des systèmes d'observation. Par ailleurs, il est apparu que le positionnement précis des antennes GPS était affecté par la variation de l'indice de réfraction dans la troposphère, ce qui rend particulièrement difficile l'estimation de la composante verticale. Cette variation est directement liée à la distribution des variables pression, température et humidité sur les trajets satellite-récepteur. On s'intéresse ici à l'étude des précipitations intenses et notamment aux épisodes Cévenols. Ce travail de thèse consiste à vérifier la validité de la mesure GPS pour la quantification de la vapeur d'eau en la comparant avec des mesures issues de radiosondage et des sorties de modèle météorologique. On cherche à analyser si la quantification de vapeur d'eau par GPS permet de caractériser les forts événements précipitants (cumuls supérieurs à 150 mm) à l'aide d'observations conjointes sur les flux de surface. On étudie ensuite l'impact de l'assimilation de données GPS issues d'un réseau GPS dense sur la prévision des cumuls de pluies dans le modèle à hauterésolution (2.5 km) AROME de Météo France. Finalement on évalue la qualité et l'apport de la mesure de vapeur d'eau par GPS en mer dans le cadre d'une campagne de mesure VAPIMED).
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00444081

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
tel-00444081
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00444081
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00444081/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00444081/file/These_KBoniface.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Geophysical Union
Résumé : International audience
We present Contact Dynamics discrete element simulations of the earthquake-triggered Jiufengershan avalanche, which mobilized a 60 m thick, 1.5 km long sedimentary layer, dipping similar to 22 degrees SE toward a valley. The dynamic behavior of the avalanche is simulated under different assumptions about rock behavior, water table height, and boundary shear strength. Additionally, seismic shaking is introduced using strong motion records from nearby stations. We assume that seismic shaking generates shearing and frictional heating along the surface of rupture, which, in turn, may induce dynamic weakening and avalanche triggering; a simple "slip-weakening'' criterion was adopted to simulate shear strength drop along the rupture surface. We investigate the mechanical processes occurring during triggering and propagation of an avalanche mobilizing shallowly dipping layers. Incipient deformation forms a pop-up structure at the toe of the dip slope. As the avalanche propagates, the pop-up deforms into an overturned fold, which overrides the surface of separation along a decollement. Simultaneously, uphill layers slide at high velocity (125 km/h) and are folded and disrupted as they reach the toe of the dip slope. The avalanche foot forms a wedge that is pushed forward as deformed rocks accrete at its rear. We simulated five cross sections across the Jiufengershan avalanche, which differ in the geometry of the surface of separation. Topographic and simulated surface profiles are similar. The friction coefficient at the surface of separation determined from back analysis is abnormally low (mu(SS) = 0.2), possibly due to lubrication by liquefied soils. The granular deposits of simulated earthquake- and rain-triggered avalanches are similar.
ISSN: 0148-0227

hal-00420882
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00420882
DOI : 10.1029/2008JF001075

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Homosexuality stands at the center of the last two centuries’ struggle to understand human sexuality; the HIV epidemic among gay men has cemented that in place. And the era of HIV/AIDS finally brought the inherent uncertainties and conflicts in our understanding of human sexuality to the surface and opened the way to re-think sex, identity, and sexual health. I discuss these re-conceptualizations, providing a way around the analytic dichotomies by embracing our embodiment in ecological contexts. In concluding, I suggest how to get out of our “heads” where linguistic binaries dominate our thinking with the superior/inferior evaluations endemic to self-other comparisons. Through our thick, sensuous experience, we can live in the present moment as one embodied person among other interconnected bodies without psychological games of one-up and one-down.
L’homosexualité se trouve au centre de la mobilisation pour comprendre la sexualité humaine, vieille maintenant de deux siècles. L’épidémie du SIDA a endurci cette mobilisation et a remis sur le devant de la scène les incertitudes et les conflits qui entourent notre approche de la sexualité humaine, offrant une nouvelle manière de penser la sexualité, l’identité et la santé sexuelle. J’analyse cette re-conceptualisation dans un contexte écologique qui contourne les dichotomies analytiques. En conclusion, je suggère une manière de nous libérer des binarismes linguistiques qui nous emprisonnent dans le besoin endémique de s’évaluer par rapport aux autres en termes de supériorité et d’infériorité. En reconnaissant la signifiance de notre expérience sensuelle, nous pouvons vivre le moment présent et établir des connexions avec les autres sans sombrer mentalement dans un rapport de supériorité ou d’infériorité.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.5922
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/5922

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Blackwell Publishing
Résumé : International audience
In the Causses platform (south-east France), Late Hettangian to Sinemurian deposits were interpreted previously as shallow-water carbonate ramp deposits. A new look at these deposits has shown a fault-controlled mosaic carbonate platform that is different from the carbonate ramp models. Within the platform mosaic, 15 lithofacies have been recognized, which are organized in four facies associations, including peritidal, restricted shallow sub-tidal, sand dunes and sub-tidal shelf facies associations. The rapid lateral and vertical facies changes, and the lack of consistent landward or seaward direction indicated by the pattern of facies changes, question the existence of a shoreline suggested by the traditional models for this region. Instead, the facies organization and cycle stacking pattern suggest deposition in a mosaic of intertidal islands between which sub-tidal restricted or open conditions could coexist in very close proximity. Such a platform mosaic would have been defined by tectonic activities along normal faults which segmented the shallow-water Causses platform. The facies and facies associations are arranged into metre-scale, peritidal and sub-tidal cycles that are also variable. Certain cycles show the same stacking pattern in all the sections and seem to be traceable over tens of kilometres. On the contrary, other cycles cannot be correlated; they are present only in specific sections and have a maximum lateral extension of 1 or 2 km. These metre-scale cycles stack to form four medium-scale cycles bounded by surfaces that display sub-aerial exposure features. Medium-scale cycles stack into two larger-scale cycles (tens of metres thick) and are bounded by well-defined karstic surfaces. Based on their lateral continuity and their stacking pattern, the metre-scale cycles are controlled probably by high frequency eustatic variations overprinting the topographic irregularities formed by differential subsidence of fault-bounded blocks. Episodic fault activities may reorganize the topography so that, even if eustatic changes may still be the major control of cycles, the expression and number of cycles could be different. Cycles of medium and large-scale are interpreted as being allogenic, controlled by changes in eustasy and/or subsidence rates as evidenced by their lateral continuity and the correlations of the large-scale cycles with third-order depositional sequences.
ISSN: 1469-3496

hal-00411940
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00411940
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2007.00896.x