Éditeur(s) : CRILLASH : Centre de Recherches Interdisciplinaires en Lettres, Langues, Arts et Sciences Humaines CRILLASH : Centre de Recherches Interdisciplinaires en Lettres, Langues, Arts et Sciences Humaines
Extrait de : "L'apprentissage scolaire" : journée d'étude, le 11 mars 2015. Université des Antilles et de la Guyane
Description : Les difficultés d'attention sont une composante majeure des troubles d'apprentissage car elles réduisent la compréhension, l'automatisation, et la récupération des savoirs. L'inattention peut avoir plusieurs sources dont des facteurs motivationnels (interférence liée au stress et aux affects, sous mobilisation de l'intérêt, orientation impulsive aux stimulations hors tâche, mauvaises habitudes liées aux efforts) mais aussi l'inefficacité des moteurs de recherche cérébraux impliqués dans le repérage, la catégorisation et le rappel des informations. Ces facteurs peuvent être réduits par des aménagements environnementaux (distractions, émotions, routines), des encadrements systématiques (écoute active, prise de note, soulignement, étude) ainsi que des traitements psychologiques et pharmacologiques.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V15172
V15172
V15172

Résumé : (Donation) This report was donated by Gaiutra Bahadur who came across it in when doing research for her soon to be published book "Coolie Woman" "Coolie Woman" is scheduled to be published in 2012 by The University of Chicago Press in the US and Hurst & Co. in the UK. An excerpt from the book first appeared in the Spring 2011 issue of the U.S. literary magazine The Virginia Quarterly Review (http://www.vqronline.org/articles/2011/spring/bahadur-coolie/) and was then reprinted in India in the Sept. 2011 issue of The Caravan magazine. The whole excerpt is up at the Caravan's Web site: http://www.caravanmagazine.in/Story/1058/Her-Middle-Passage.html
(Internal Comments) Notes from the Report Arrived October 31, 1898 Dr. Arthur Harrison, SS G.H. Rock, Captain 673 landed 436 men // 438 embarked 191 women // 192 embarked 19 boys 19 girls 8 infants 9 births 4 deaths, one a baby born on board 54 marriages 37 served before in BG, 21 in other colonies * measles epidemic early in voyage until they crossed the Equator, 38 days in, almost daily there were heavy squalls with rain; misery of seasickness, vessel pitching and rolling heavily * got to sea July 14 - the very worst month of the whole year, having to face the full force of the southwest monsoon, Sujaria's would have been the same timing the coal of inferior quality and ran short, meaning water and cooked meals less for immigrants surgeon's journal: july 28: no 167 baijooporai, m, 20, was reported missing at 3 p.m. [cause of death in death list "lost over board" no. 178 lachman states that on 25th instant at sunset baijoo was in his berth suffering from seasickness; later on he saw him take his blanket, get up and go away... lachman states baijoo was a very quiet well-behaved man, shewing no signs of mental aberration, but was very seasick. no further information could be obtained regarding his disappearance. from the emigrants or crew. ... september 25: "No 696, Nobibux, m., 20 years, and No 351 Mohangu, m, 22 years, were caught about midnight by a sirdar named Rambocus committing sodomy. When brought up before the Captain and myself they both confessed their guilt. Nobibux stated that for the last ten years he had allowed men to commit acts of beastliness: he had no doubt induced Mohangu to do this criminal act. Nobibux was put in irons and Mohangu, after blistering his penis, was made to holystone [scrub the decks] from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. daily." [latitude 35.17 s. and longitude 22.10 e.] [nobibux handcuffed every night from sept 25 to landing on oct 31, as was a man who had jumped overboard and was rescued] criminal charges brought against two immigrants; in CO marginalia, discussion over the legality of the punishment and doubt expressed over whether there was any sodomy committed at all; indication there wasn't enough proof to prosecute: "the men should have been put in confinement and tried in British Guiana for an offense committed on the high seas on board a British vessel..."; fine the surgeon but should he be barred from re-employment? inspector general of police investigated; attorney general decided not to prosecute; IAG criticizes SS for punishing the two without fully and carefully enquiring into the case. violated Rule 165 relating to colonial emigration, which strictly prohibits harsh treatment of the people The contract with the surgeon superintendant enclosed shows that each was granted a pint of wine per day and stout. This surgeon was given 20 shillings per immigrant landed alive. for immigrants classified as invalids on embarking, if they died during voyage, he received a pro-rated amount, based on how long they lived; wife not allowed to go along. Arthur Harrison, SS, states on November 4, 1898: [on 25th Sept, when near the Cape of Good Hope, his compounder Abdul Wahed reported to him at 8 a.m. that he heard two men had committed sodomy during the night. he told the compounder to take the men to the hospital, where he would question them.] [witness, the sirdar Rambuccus, brought in with the two men. questioned in front of them, he said that he was on watch in between decks at midnight and "saw something unusual between these two men, they being under one blanket; he pulled off the blanket and saw them committing sodomy." he called the head sirdar at once. the prisoners denied it to the head sirdar but then later confessed. they were left in the charge of the hear sirdar for the rest of the night. captain also present at inquiry. while Rambuccus was giving this testimony, neither prisoner said anything.] [the head sirdar Salikram is then questioned. confirms being called as above. says he separated the men and "asked them why they were doing this wrong thing, that they at first denied it and afterwards they confessed they did it for pleasure."] [when questioned by SS, men at once confessed. Nabibux: "I have done it." Mohungu said same, "as far as I can remember. I cannot remember the words they used in confessing." Nabibux placed in irons fastened to a stanchion in the hospital. Mohangu placed in hospital and ordered to holystone from 6 a.m to 6 p.m. "I blistered the penis of Mohungu. I did so as a punishment as I thought he deserved it." did this right after enquiry concluded. the captain knew Harrison did this. "Mohungu was the man who committed the act on Nabibuccus. I blistered him as a preventitive, as he might have attempted the act again. I have known cases where the penis has been blistered as a preventitive treatment, in case of masturbation with boys."] [says he didn't see it as a crime committed against the laws of England, but "as a matter of discipline on board ship"; didn't examine their private parts for evidence] "Since this all occurred, it has come to my knowlegde that the head sirdar had threatend the two men to make them confess. Since I heard this, I have questioned them. Both denied the act and said Salikram had threatened to make them confess. My compounder's name is Abdul Wahed. I have heard from him since that the man Rambuccus who caught them had a spite against one of the men, owing to something that had occurred in the country Depot in India." ABDUL WAHED, THE CHIEF COMPOUNDER, STATES: [the inquiry occurred at about 8:30 p.m. on the 25th Sept.] "I heard Mohungu say he had put his penis in Nabibux' anus, and some days afterwards both men said to me that Rambux and Salikram had threatened to beat them throughout the voyage if they did not confess to having committed the sodomy." "Nabibux told me that he and Rambux had had a row in the Fizabad depot and he told me that Rambux had a spite against him." [the prisoners were under his charge in the hospital] [doesn't know what the depot quarrel was about. didn't ask. never noticed any ill feeling between Rambux and any of the men before this happened. never noticed Mohangu and Nabibux to be much in each other's company] RAMBUCCUS [an Ahir. says he knew Nabibuccus for a month in the Fyzabad depot, where he was a sirdar] "The men were under a platform sleeping. There were other coolies sleeping there too. The men were sleeping in their usual place... I noticed two men under one blanket. I have orders not to allow this, so I hauled the blanket off. Mohangu was on top of Nabibux who was lying on his back. Mahangu was lying on his stomach. I asked them what they were doing. They gave no reply. Mahangu came off. I did not see his private parts. His baba was loose. I did not notice the state of Nabibux' baba. He had it on, but I don't know whether the crupper of the baba was undone or not. I did not see his private parts. I did not see his anus. I did not see Mahungu's penis in Nabibux' anus, but from their position I suspected that they were committing sodomy... These two men always slept together during the voyage." SALIKRAM "They said Rambux hauled the blanket and shook them up while they were asleep. Rambuccus said they were committing sodomy but I don't think they were. They appeared to me just as if they had just been awakened. Their eyes seemed heavy with sleep." "I never knew either of these men before I met them onboard. Myself and Rambuccus do not agree. I never noticed Rambuccus and either of the two men have any quarrel. I never noticed Nabibux and Monungu keeping much company. I don't know whether these men were in the habit of sleeping alongside of one another. I never threatened these men to make them confess. I never heard the men confess they had done it. They did not confess before me." IN THE END: 50 pounds deducted from Harrison's gratuity for inflicting corporal punishment

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
Pyrethroids are widely-used chemical insecticides, to which humans are commonly exposed, and known to alter functional expression of drug metabolizing enzymes. Limited data have additionally suggested that drug transporters, that constitute key-actors of the drug detoxification system, may also be targeted by pyrethroids. The present study was therefore designed to analyze the potential regulatory effects of these pesticides towards activities of main ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) drug transporters, using transporter-overexpressing cells. The pyrethroids allethrin and tetramethrin were found to inhibit various ABC and SLC drug transporters, including multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) 2, breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), organic anion transporter polypeptide (OATP) 1B1, organic anion transporter (OAT) 3, multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter (MATE) 1, organic cation transporter (OCT) 1 and OCT2, with IC50 values however ranging from 2.6 muM (OCT1 inhibition by allethrin) to 77.6 muM (OAT3 inhibition by tetramethrin) and thus much higher than pyrethroid concentrations (in the nM range) reached in environmentally pyrethroid-exposed humans. By contrast, allethrin and tetramethrin cis-stimulated OATP2B1 activity and failed to alter activities of OATP1B3, OAT1 and MATE2-K, whereas P-glycoprotein activity was additionally moderately inhibited. Twelve other pyrethoids used at 100 muM did not block activities of the various investigated transporters, or only moderately inhibited some of them (inhibition by less than 50%). In silico analysis of structure-activity relationships next revealed that molecular parameters, including molecular weight and lipophilicity, are associated with transporter inhibition by allethrin/tetramethrin and successfully predicted transporter inhibition by the pyrethroids imiprothrin and prallethrin. Taken together, these data fully demonstrated that two pyrethoids, i.e., allethrin and tetramethrin, can act as regulators of the activity of various ABC and SLC drug transporters, but only when used at high and non-relevant concentrations, making unlikely any contribution of these transporter activity alterations to pyrethroid toxicity in environmentally exposed humans.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-01477206
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01477206
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0169480
PUBMED : 28099443

Éditeur(s) : CRILLASH : Centre de Recherches Interdisciplinaires en Lettres, Langues, Arts et Sciences Humaines CIRECCA : Centre International Recherches Echanges Coopération Caraïbes Amériques Bibliothèque Universitaire
Extrait de : Les rencontres culturelles de la BU 2017-2018. Université des Antilles
Description : Dans le cadre d'une soirée organisée pour rendre hommage au Professeur Jean Bernabé, Max Bélaise, Maître de conférences en Langues et cultures régionales à l'Université des Antilles introduit plusieurs intervenants qui mettront principalement l'accent sur l'implication de Jean Bernabé dans l'essor de la langue créole. Ci-après le nom des intervenants et le titre de leur intervention: Raphaël CONFIANT - Aux origines de l'Éloge Carine GENDREY - CAPES Créole : retour d'expérience Victor LINA - Le linguiste et la psy Charles SCHEEL- Bernabé romancier René MORELOT - Jean Bernabé et le CIRECCA Robert SAE - Jean Bernabé, « la solidarité en action » Daniel BARDURY - Héritage et transmission

Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V18119
V18119

Éditeur(s) : American Geophysical Union
Résumé : As part of the French CLIPPER project, an eddy permitting model of the Atlantic circulation has been run for 22 years. The domain has open boundaries at Drake passage and at 30 degreesE, from Africa to Antarctica. The simulated mean circulation, as well as the eddy activity, is satisfactory for a 1/3 degrees model resolution, and the meridional heat transport at 30 degreesS is within the range estimated from observations. We use the "mixed" open boundary algorithm of Barnier et al. [1998], which has both a radiation condition and a relaxation to climatology. The climatological boundary forcing strongly constrains the solution in the whole domain. The model heat balance adjusts through the surface (heat flux retroaction term) more than the open boundaries. The radiation phase velocities calculated within the algorithm are analyzed. This shows, quite surprisingly, that both the eastern and western boundaries have a similar behavior, regardless of the preferred directions for advection (mainly eastward) and wave propagation (mainly westward). Our results confirm that open boundary algorithms behave differently according to the dynamics of the region considered. The passive boundary condition that Penduff et al. [2000] applied successfully in the north eastern Atlantic does not work in the present South Atlantic model. We emphasize the need for a careful prescription of the climatology at the open boundary, for which a new approach based on synoptic sections is implemented.
Journal of Geophysical Union - Research C - Oceans (0148-0227) (American Geophysical Union), 2001-10 , Vol. 106 , N. C10 , P. 22115-22129

Droits : 2001 American Geophysical Union
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2001/publication-454.pdf
DOI:10.1029/2000JC000376
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/454/

Éditeur(s) : CRILLASH : Centre de Recherches Interdisciplinaires en Lettres, Langues, Arts et Sciences Humaines
Extrait de : "Patrimonialisation et développement dans la Caraïbe et les Amériques" : colloque international, du 2 au 4 mars 2011. Université des Antilles et de la Guyane
Description : Le patrimoine éducatif est un champs de recherche embryonnaire. Ce sont des idées pédagogiques mises au point, développées, transmises et conservées dans une société donnée. Les propositions éducatives ont pour but une vision progressiste de la société et de l'école. En guyane, au XVII et XVIII, les Jésuites sont les seuls dépositaires de l'éducation religieuse mais aussi scolaire. Fondateurs d'un collège à Cayenne, seul les plus modestes sont concernés car les riches colons étudient en métropole. Après un rappel de l'histoire éducative à Cayenne, suivie d'une analyse de l'action éducative dans le cadre d'une société coloniale, il sera présenté les éléments qui vont dans le sens de la patrimonialisation éducative.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 17
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V12104
V12104

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
Ro 31-8220 is a potent protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor belonging to the chemical class of bisindolylmaleimides (BIMs). Various PKC-independent effects of Ro 31-8220 have however been demonstrated, including inhibition of the ATP-binding cassette drug transporter breast cancer resistance protein. In the present study, we reported that the BIM also blocks activity of the solute carrier organic cation transporter (OCT) 1, involved in uptake of marketed drugs in the liver, in a PKC-independent manner. Ro 31-8220, in contrast to other pan-PKC inhibitors such as staurosporine and chelerythrine, was thus shown to cis-inhibit uptake of the reference OCT1 substrate tetraethylammonium in OCT1-transfected HEK293 cells in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 = 0.18 μM) and without altering membrane expression of OCT1. This blockage of OCT1 was also observed in human hepatic HepaRG cells that constitutionally express OCT1. It likely occurred through a mixed mechanism of inhibition. Ro 31-8220 additionally trans-inhibited TEA uptake in OCT1-transfected HEK293 cells, which likely discards a transport of Ro 31-8220 by OCT1. Besides Ro 31-8220, 7 additional BIMs, including the PKC inhibitor LY 333531, inhibited OCT1 activity, whereas 4 other BIMs were without effect. In silico analysis of structure-activity relationships next revealed that various molecular descriptors, especially 3D-WHIM descriptors related to total size, correspond to key physico-chemical parameters for inhibition of OCT1 activity by BIMs. In addition to activity of OCT1, Ro 31-8220 inhibited those of other organic cation transporters such as multidrug and toxin extrusion protein (MATE) 1 and MATE2-K, whereas, by contrast, it stimulated that of OCT2. Taken together, these data extend the nature of cellular off-targets of the BIM Ro 31-8220 to OCT1 and other organic cation transporters, which has likely to be kept in mind when using Ro 31-8220 and other BIMs as PKC inhibitors in experimental or clinical studies
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-01255837
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01255837
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0144667
PUBMED : 26657401
PUBMEDCENTRAL : PMC4675551

Éditeur(s) : UNDP Guyana UNDP Guyana ( Guyana )
Résumé : (Funding) Support for the development of the technical infrastructure and partner training provided by the United States Department of Education TICFIA program.
While the global response to HIV and AIDS has realized several successes in achieving universal access to prevention, care and treatment to date, challenges persist in ensuring equal access to these services for most at risk populations. The epidemiology of HIV reflects a stark disparity in access to prevention and treatment services for neglected most-at risk populations, such as men who have sex with men (MSM). World-wide, MSM often experience higher rates of HIV relative to the total population. The reasons for this dynamic are multi-faceted and include high risk behaviors, and cultural as well as structural barriers. For MSM in developing countries, for example, basic services for prevention and treatment of HIV infection have yet to reach the large majority of men. Homophobia and discrimination limit access of MSM to prevention services and markedly increase vulnerability, as do criminalization of same-sex behavior. Decriminalization of same-sex behavior is a structural intervention for prevention of HIV infection and has recently been embraced by a nonbinding statement from the United Nations (Beyrer C,Clin Infect Dis. 2010 May 15;50 Suppl 3:S108-13) In the Caribbean, all of the above mentioned barriers exist. In fact, recent evidence demonstrates that there is a correlation between the decriminalization of homosexuality and lower rates of HIV (UNAIDS). This correlation is attributed to improved access to services. Therefore, The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) has recently launched an initiative to address the current situation regarding men who have sex with men in Guyana where the HIV prevalence in this population is 19.4% in contrast to 1.8% in the total population. This rapid assessment has been commissioned to supplement two previous studies that were conducted in Guyana in informing the design of upcoming activities to support local capacity building to enhance access to services and respect for the human rights protections for MSM. Unfortunately, in Guyana, like much of the Caribbean, MSM tend to be a hard to reach population, perhaps due to elevated levels of stigma and discrimination and difficulty in accessing men who might participate in high risk same sex behaviors yet do not self-identify as an MSM. As a result, there is a relative paucity of data concerning the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of this total population in Guyana. (i.e. those who self –identify and those who do not) The baseline report is organized as follows: the methodology is explained followed by the study limitations, the review (literature and desk). The report then proceeds with describing the reality of work and working with sexual and gender minorities in Guyana, the status quo and entry points. The main findings of the capacity assessment and focus groups are then discussed. Issues relating to the uniformed forces and health services providers are then presented followed by discussions and conclusions.

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
Background - Pregnant women are a vulnerable population. Although regular follow-ups are recommended during pregnancy, not all pregnant women seek care. This pilot study wanted to assess whether the integration of data from administrative health information systems and socio-economic features allows identifying disparities in prenatal care trajectories.Methods - Prenatal care trajectories were extracted from the permanent sample of the French health insurance information system linked to the hospital discharge information system. The records of 2518 women who gave birth without complications in France in 2009 were analyzed. State sequence data analysis was performed to identify homogeneous groups of prenatal care trajectories. Socio-economic data were used to characterize their living environment.Results -We identified three groups of homogeneous prenatal care trajectories: (i) women with relatively high prenatal care consumption (~11 %), (ii) women with no prenatal care (~21 %), and (iii) women with an intermediate level of prenatal care (~66 %). Analysis of the socio-economic data demonstrated the association between disparities in prenatal care trajectories and the women’s living environment. Women with relatively high care consumption generally lived in socio-economically privileged areas (better education levels, employment status and housing conditions) compared with women with few or no prenatal care.Conclusions -Although ecological, our approach demonstrates that data from health administrative information systems could be used to describe prenatal care. However, more individual variables and an improvement of the data quality are needed to efficiently monitor the content and timing of prenatal care. Moreover, state sequence analysis, which was used in this context for the first time, proves to be an interesting approach to explore care trajectories. Finally, the integration of heterogeneous sources of data, including contextual information, might help identifying areas that require health promotion actions toward vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women.
ISSN: 1472-6963

hal-01169792
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01169792
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01169792/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01169792/file/Mining%20care%20trajectories%20using%20health%20administrative.pdf
DOI : 10.1186/s12913-015-0857-5

Éditeur(s) : INRA : Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Université des Antilles. Service commun de la documentation
Extrait de : 52e congrès annuel de la Société caribéenne des plantes alimentaires / 52nd annual meeting of the Caribbean food crops society (CFCS), du 10 au 16 juillet 2016. INRA, CFCS
Description : The Creole pig has always been part of the rural and suburban landscape of Martinique. Currently, this breed is not integrated into a research and conservation program. The Natural Park of Martinique Region (PNRM) has the objective to maintain and valorize the genetic heritage of Martinique?s Creole pig and develop a niche business. Based on PNRM knowledge, some Creole pigs live freely in the mountains in the North, in the South coast and in a few disparate traditional breeders located in the countryside. It is essential to carry out an inventory of the local pig population to propose a scheme for conservation and economic development. In order to favour the appropriation of the Creole pig niche, the PNRM, as a decision maker, acts in a systemic and holistic way by considering the whole Martinican territory and the pig sub-sector: producers involved in the COOPMAR pig farmers? cooperative, researchers of INRA (FWI), the food chain and at least (in a second phase) the consumers and the Martinican society. First of all, the pig farmers are involved (private family farms and specialised pig producers). Researchers and technicians from PNRM and INRA- URZ (Animal production research unit) and INRA-PTEA (Tropical platform in animal experimentation) are performing experimental studies both in controlled conditions and in farms, in order to: i) determine phenotypic and genetic characteristics of Martinique?s Creole pigs in comparison with other pig breeds from the Caribbean area; ii) help at designing genetic management to maintain the population and avoiding inbreeding; iii) help at defining feeding management by a) establishing, at the whole territorial food chain, an inventory of co or by-products available for pig feeding; b) implementing experimental studies in technology for conservation; c) implementing feeding and growing experiments and finally iv) help at defining eco-friendly production systems a) aiming at generate an adequate revenue and b) focusing on ecosystem services such as meat quality, socio-cultural services and circular economy. Le porc créole a toujours fait partie du paysage rural et suburbain de la Martinique. Actuellement, cette race n'est pas intégrée dans un programme de recherches et de conservation. Le parc naturel de la région de la Martinique (PNRM) a l'objectif pour maintenir et valoriser l'héritage génétique du porc créole de la Martinique et pour développer des créneaux. Basé sur la connaissance de PNRM, quelques porcs créoles vivent librement dans les montagnes dans le nord, dans la côte sud et chez quelques éleveurs traditionnels disparates situés dans la campagne. Il est essentiel d'effectuer un inventaire de la population locale de porc pour proposer un plan pour la conservation et le développement économique. Afin de favoriser l'appropriation du créneau créole de porc, le PNRM, comme décideur, agit d'une manière systémique et holistique en considérant tout le territoire de la Martinique et sous-secteur de porc : producteurs impliqués dans la coopérative d'agriculteurs de porc de COOPMAR, les chercheurs d'AICN (FWI), la chaîne alimentaire et au moins (dans une deuxième phase) les consommateurs et la société Martiniquaise. Tout d'abord, les agriculteurs de porc sont impliqués (les fermes privées de famille et les producteurs de porc spécialisés). Les chercheurs et les techniciens de PNRM et AICN URZ (unité de recherches de production animale) et INRA-PTEA (plate-forme tropicale chez l'expérimentation animale) réalisent des études expérimentales dans des conditions commandées et dans les fermes : i) déterminent des caractéristiques phénotypiques et génétiques des porcs créoles de la Martinique en comparaison d'autres races de porc à partir du secteur des Caraïbes ; ii) aide à concevoir la gestion génétique pour maintenir la population et à éviter l'endogamie ; iii) aide à définir la gestion de alimentation a) en établissant, à la chaîne alimentaire territoriale de totalité, à un inventaire de Co ou aux sous-produits disponibles pour l'alimentation de porc ; b) mise en oeuvre des études expérimentales en technologie pour la conservation ; c) mettant en application des expériences de alimentation et croissantes et finalement iv) aide à définir viser qui respecte l'environnement des systèmes de production a) produisent de à revenu approprié et b) se concentrant sur des services d'écosystème tels que la qualité de viande, des services socioculturels et l'économie circulaire.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V16263
V16263

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
How do we learn to communicate: how do we come to language or how does language come to us? Would it be a question of adaptation to the world by the act of speaking as suggested by J. Bernicot 1 (1992); would man benefit first and foremost from a genetic patrimony that enabled him to make use of language, as N. Chomsky (1985) points out by asking the existence of a competence related to generative mechanisms? J. Bruner (1996) proposes the idea of an education likely to "adapt a culture to the needs of its members and to adapt its members and their ways of learning to the needs of culture". 2. A / Motivations and objects An approach to mother-child relationships (master's thesis in developmental psychology 3, Miehakanda, 1998) has given me the opportunity to highlight the mediation of play in the structuring of relationships between the child with academic difficulties and his parents. The specific framework of this research-action was that of the educational and therapeutic care of children attending primary school (CE1-CLIS-CLAD) 4. These seven children (three girls / four boys) who were reported for various personality and behavioral disorders all had a lack of self-esteem and self-esteem affecting their relationships with those around them (peers, teachers ...).
Comment apprenons-nous à communiquer : comment venons-nous au langage ou comment le langage vient-il à nous ? Serait-ce une question d'adaptation au monde par l'action de parler comme le suggère J. Bernicot 1 (1992) ; l'homme bénéficierait-il prioritairement d'un patrimoine génétique le disposant à faire usage du langage, comme l'indique N. Chomsky (1985) en posant l'existence d'une compétence reliée à des mécanismes génératifs ? J. Bruner (1996) propose l'idée d'une éducation susceptible «d'adapter une culture aux besoins de ses membres et d'adapter ses membres et leurs manières d'apprendre aux besoins de la culture» 2. A/ Motivations et objets Une approche des relations mères-enfants (mémoire de maîtrise de psychologie du développement 3 ; Miehakanda, 1998) m'a donné l'occasion de mettre en évidence la médiation du jeu dans la structuration des rapports entre l'enfant rencontrant des difficultés scolaires et ses parents. Le cadre spécifique de cette recherche-action était celui des prises en charge éducatives et thérapeutiques d'enfants scolarisés à l'école primaire (CE1-CLIS-CLAD) 4. Ces sept enfants (trois filles / quatre garçons) qui étaient signalés pour diverses formes de troubles de la personnalité et du comportement éprouvaient tous un manque de confiance en soi et d'estime de soi affectant leurs rapports avec leur entourage (pairs ; enseignants…).
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/tel-01658934

ISBN : Livre broché : ISBN-10: 3841633412 ISBN-13: 978-3841633415. 2015, pp 316
tel-01658934
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/tel-01658934

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Mylonite bodies are exhumed extensions at depth of shallow structural level brittle faults. They are characterised by intense strain localisation involving large volumes of middle to lower continental crust. The analysis of shear zone geometry and microstructures is a useful tool to decipher deformation kinematics, though finite strain estimation is still relatively qualitative. Timing of the deformation has also been the focus of numerous studies using the complete spectrum of geochronometers. However, only rare examples provide geochronological data that can be unambiguously interpreted and cooling, recrystallisation and neocrystallisation are difficult to tell from each other. Thus, time-scales over which major mylonite zones develop and remain active under ductile conditions as well as their strain rate often remain poorly documented. We investigated two sections across the South-Armorican Shear Zone (SASZ), a crustal-scale pluri-km thick dextral shear zone active during a single tectonic event of late-Variscan age and associated with syntectonic granite emplacement.. Finite strain profiles on these cross-sections, quantified from average Quartz grain-size in 34 samples, show a strong deformation partitioning towards the center of the SASZ, with a decrease, for each section, from 150µm in slightly deformed zones to less than 7-5 µm in the core of the ultramylonite. Furthermore, toward the core of the SASZ, development of a penetrative shear band network progressively eliminates lenses of less deformed rocks and results in homogenisation of the Quartz grain sizes. In parallel, we performed in-situ UV-laser Ar/Ar dating on the fabric-forming white micas. White micas population can be decomposed into inherited muscovites carried by the folation and newly-formed, syn-tectonic substituted phengites located along the shear bands yielding 2 age groups for each sample. Along the profiles, the difference between these two ages evolves from 10-15 Ma in weakly deformed domains to zero toward the SASZ core. In addition, mylonite-forming phengites yielded the same age irrespectively of their position on the section or of the rock strain.. On the regional point of view, this study brings deformation-ages for the late-orogenic evolution of the South Armorican domain. Strain accumulated along the SASZ in a time-span extending to 300-298 Ma, i.e. contemporaneously with the activity of nearby major extensional shear zones. These results support a new model of crustal-scale shear zone activity, where the whole body of the shear zone is active throughout its history (defined as the largest age difference through the section), i.e. the actively deforming zone does not get progressively narrower. The strain distribution nevertheless evolves with time, with an increasingly large fraction partitioned in the ultramylonitic core.
EGU General Assembly
Vienne, Austria

insu-00839320
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00839320
BIBCODE : 2010EGUGA..12.9881A

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
IODP Site U1309 was drilled at Atlantis Massif, an oceanic core complex, at 30 degrees N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). We present the results of a bulk rock geochemical study (major and trace elements) carried out on 228 samples representative of the different lithologies sampled at this location. Over 96% of Hole U1309D is made up of gabbroic rocks. Diabases and basalts cross-cut the upper part of the section; they have depleted MORB compositions similar to basalts sampled at MAR 30 degrees N. Relics of mantle were recovered at shallow depth. Mantle peridotites show petrographic and geochemical evidence of extensive melt-rock interactions. Gabbroic rocks comprise: olivine-rich troctolites (>70% modal olivine) and troctolites having high Mg# (82-89), high Ni (up to 2300 ppm) and depleted trace element compositions (Yb 0.06-0.8 ppm); olivine gabbros and gabbros (including gabbronorites) with Mg# of 60-86 and low trace element contents (Yb 0.125-2.5 ppm); and oxide gabbros and leucocratic dykes with low Mg# (<50), low Ni (similar to 65 ppm) and high trace element contents (Yb up to 26 ppm). Troctolites and gabbros are amongst the most primitive and depleted oceanic gabbroic rocks. The main geochemical characteristics of Site U1309 gabbroic rocks are consistent with a formation as a cumulate sequence after a common parental MORB melt, although (lack of systematic) downhole variations indicate that the gabbroic series were built by multiple magma injections. In detail, textural and geochemical variations in olivine-rich troctolites and gabbronorites suggest chemical interaction (assimilation?) between the parental melt and the intruded lithosphere. Site U1309 gabbroic rocks do not represent the complementary magmatic product of 30 degrees N volcanics, although they sample the same mantle source. The bulk trace element composition of Site U1309 gabbroic rocks is similar to primitive MORB melt compositions; this implies that there was no large scale removal of melts from this gabbro section. The occurrence of such a large magmatic sequence implies that a high magmatic activity is associated with the formation of Atlantis Massif. Our results suggest that almost all melts feeding this magmatic system stays trapped into the intruded lithosphere.
ISSN: 0012-821X

hal-00413562
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00413562
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.034

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : We studied the effects of a lactic acid bacterium, Pediococcus acidilactici (strain MA 18/5M, CNCM), as a dietary probiotic on growth performance and some nutritional and microbiological aspects of the shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris. Experimental shrimp culture was carried out over 10 weeks, using floating cages of 14 m(2) each set in earthen ponds, in a New Caledonia farm affected by "Summer syndrome", a septicaemic vibriosis caused by Vibrio nigripulchritudo. The experiment design testing probiotic-coated pellets against control was replicated in two earthen ponds. High mortalities, characteristic of Summer syndrome, were observed during the first 2 weeks of the trial. The probiotic improved production in the treated cages from both ponds with increases in the survival rate (7% and 15% respectively) and final biomass (8% and 12% respectively). No differences were recorded among treatments on growth performances, but significant lower food conversion ratios were obtained with probiotic treatment. After 5 weeks of rearing, the Hepatosomatic Index and the adjusted dry weight of the digestive gland were significantly increased by 10% and by 9% respectively in shrimps treated with probiotic. In the meantime, the specific activities of alpha amylase and trypsin in the digestive gland showed a significant effect of the probiotic treatment with respective increases by 35% and 55%. The rise in total trypsin activity following morning feeding was also enhanced by the probiotic treatment (P < 0.001). The highest concentration of probiotic (between 10(4)-10(5) CFU g(-1) of fresh gut) in the shrimp gut was obtained 2 h after feeding. The concentration remained high for 4 h after feeding before decreasing until the next meal. Total bacterial counts on Marine agar and TCBS in the gut were significantly lowered by the probiotic treatment over the 10 weeks of the experiment. Additionally, during the first 2 weeks, prevalence and load of V nigripulchritudo strains in haemolymph was lower in animals fed with the probiotic diet. This study demonstrated, under pond conditions, that feeding shrimp with live terrestrial lactic acid bacteria can be an effective treatment for improving shrimp culture affected by vibriosis. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Aquaculture (0044-8486) (Elsevier), 2008-03 , Vol. 275 , N. 1-4 , P. 182-193

Droits : 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-4079.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.01.011
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4079/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : In 1996 the European Commission Humanitarian Office (ECHO) launched a regional approach for disaster preparedness, focusing in its first phase on Central America, Caribbean and Southeast Asia (including Bangladesh). The first step in this process was the preparation of a «diagnostic study» that involved a situation review of the countries in these regions with regard to their vulnerabilities, disaster preparedness capacities and national plans or policies for disaster management.The Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters of the Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL) served as ECHO’s principal technical support with the collaboration of other institutions in Europe and the regions.The present «diagnostic report», covering Central America and the Caribbean, has been carried out by the Centre International pour la Formation et les Echanges en Géosciences (CIFEG) under the supervision of Professor Robert D’Ercole (Université de Savoie, Chambéry).Mr. Thierry Lesales (Université des Antilles et de la Guyane) participated closely in the drafting of this report and was actively involved in the field missions with Mr D’Ercole where they met and interviewed numerous national officials, non-governmental organisations and regional and international bodies. Further assistance was provided by Claudine Misson (CRED) for the interviews and information collected in the Dominican Republic. The report also draws from an earlier mission undertaken by Dr. Philippe Masure (BRGM, France), Christian Bugnion (CRED) and Alexandra Angulo (CRED) who undertook some of the preparatory work for the diagnostic study.This report presents an analysis of the disaster preparedness situation in Central America and the Caribbean and provides some preliminary recommendations regarding priorities and future programme direction. As such it remains primarily a descriptive study. It is expected to form the basis for the formulation of the ECHO Disaster Preparedness Action Plan.
En 1996, la Oficina Humanitaria de la Comunidad Europea (ECHO) lanzó la iniciativa de un enfoque regional en materia de preparación a los desastres, concentrándose inicialmente en las regiones de América Central, Caribe y Asia del Sureste (incluyendo a Bangladesh). La primera fase de este proceso fue la preparación de un « diagnóstico» que implicaba un examen de la situación de los países de cada una de estas regiones en relación a la vulnerabilidad, la capacidad de preparación a los desastres y las políticas y planes nacionales en materia de gestión de desastres.El Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), de la Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), ha sido el principal apoyo técnico de ECHO para esta iniciativa, con la colaboración y asistencia de otras instituciones en Europa y en las regiones arriba mencionadasEl presente informe que cubre América Central y el Caribe, fue realizado por el International Centre for Training and Exchanges in Geosciences (CIFEG), bajo la dirección del Profesor Robert D'Ercole (Université de Savoie).Thierry Lesales (Université des Antilles et de la Guyane) participó de cerca a la realización de este documento y estuvo activamente implicado junto al Profesor D'Ercole en las misiones que se realizaron en varios países. En el curso de estas misiones, se entrevistaron con numerosos representantes de gobiernos nacionales, de ONGs y de organizaciones regionales e internacionales Se contó igualmente con la asistencia de Claudine Misson (CRED), quien realizó la misión en República Dominicana. El informe se basa igualmente en una misión anterior llevada a cabo por Philippe Masure (BRGM, France), Alexandra Angulo (CRED) y Christian Bugnion (CRED), la cual realizó parte del trabajo preparatorio para el diagnóstico.El informe presenta un análisis de la situación en América Central y el Caribe y provee recomendaciones preliminares para las prioridades y dirección del futuro programa. En el marco de la segunda fase, está destinado a servir de base para la formulación del Plan de Acción de Preparación a los Desastres de ECHO.
Depuis 1994, ECHO (Office Humanitaire de la Commission Européenne, devenu le service de la Commission européenne à l’aide humanitaire et à la protection civile) a financé, à l'échelle mondiale, de nombreuses opérations pour la prévention et la préparation aux catastrophes (catastrophes naturelles principalement) Ces financements ont répondu aux demandes d'ONG et d'organisations internationales qui ont-elles-mêmes mis en oeuvre les projets correspondants. Les évaluations de ces opérations ont donné des appréciations positives. Cependant, ECHO souhaite s'impliquer davantage dans la prévention et la préparation aux catastrophes et mieux cibler ses actions pour une plus grande cohérence d'ensemble.Au cours de la réunion du 16 juillet 1996, le Comité d'Aide Humanitaire a approuvé la nouvelle approche régionale proposée par ECHO pour son programme de prévention, d'atténuation et de préparation aux catastrophes, le DIPECHO (Dlsaster Preparedness ECHO), pour la période 1996—1998. Ce programme doit s'appliquer dans un cadre régional en concentrant d'abord ses financements sur des plans d'action dans les Caraïbes, en Amérique Centrale, en Asie du Sud-Est et au Bangladesh. Par ailleurs, au lieu de répondre exclusivement aux demandes de financements spécifiques d'ONG, d'organisations internationales et de gouvernements, ECHO souhaite préparer des plans d'action et déterminer les partenaires les plus appropriés pour une mise en oeuvre dirigée par ECHO même. En outre, le DIPECHO a pour objet de rendre plus efficace l'action de l'ensemble de l'Union Européenne, par une étroite coordination de son action avec celles de la Commission et des Etats Membres. Il est enfin prévu de faire précéder la préparation des plans d'action par une phase de diagnostic au cours de laquelle seront identifiés, pour chaque région, les risques, les structures et politiques de prévention existantes aux niveaux communautaire, national et régional, ainsi que les appuis extérieurs en cours et à venir. L'objectif est non seulement de déterminer les lacunes, mais également d'évaluer la cohérence et l'efficacité des systèmes de réponse dans leur ensemble......Dans ce contexte, une première mission exploratoire a été réalisée du 30 septembre au 12 octobre 1996 dans les Caraïbes et l'Amérique Centrale (quatre pays visités) et a débouché sur un premier rapport (A. Angulo, Ch. Bugnion, Ph. Masure, "Rapport de mission exploratoire dans les Caraïbes ct en Amérique Centrale pour DIPECHO").Ce rapport apporte de nombreuses informations et en particulier:(1) il définit le cadre conceptuel, insistant, à juste titre, sur le fait que la prévention et la préparation doivent être distinguées de l'aide d'urgence et qu'elles font partie d'un processus continu au même titre que le développement ;(2) il présente les principales organisations régionales et internationales, et leurs activités dans le domaine de la prévention et de la préparation;(3) il met en évidence les grands types de besoins et fournit les premières orientations pour le programme DIPECHO......Le présent rapport, constituant le diagnostic proprement dit, fait suite à une deuxième série de missions effectuées dans la même région. Il vise à compléter les apports de la mission exploratoire, notamment par:(a) une analyse des catastrophes et de leurs conséquences:(b) une évaluation comparée des risques dans la région;(c) une analyse détaillée des réalisations et des besoins en matière de réduction des risques et des conséquences des catastrophes naturelles ;(d) un examen des conditions actuelles pour un programme DIPECHO cohérent, réalisable et efficace, avec, en particulier, la prise en compte de l’organisation actuelle de la prévention et de la préparation dans la région et un état des appuis extérieurs ;- des propositions de lignes d'actions prioritaires pour le DIPECHO......Le diagnostic s'est appuyé sur une importante documentation : travaux scientifiques, études et rapports recueillis auprès du CRED-Université Catholique de Louvain, du CIFEG, du DHA, de l’IDNDR, de divers organismes sur le terrain (notamment le centre de documentation de San José au Costa Rica), et d'universités européennes (Université de Savoie. Chambéry, Université de Lausanne). Mais ce sont avant tout les nombreux entretiens menés lors des missions (près de 200) qui ont donné corps au diagnostic.Treize pays Ont été visités entre le 22/01 et le 07/03/1997 :- République Dominicaine (C Misson);- Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua et Cuba (R. D'Ercole) ;- Antigua, Barbade, Haïti, Jamaïque, Ste-Lucie, St-Maarten, St-Vincent et le Guyana (Th. Lesales).Leur choix a été déterminé en concertation avec ECHO, le CRED-UCL et le CIFEG. Ils ne recouvrent pas l'ensemble des pays qu'il aurait été théoriquement possible de visiter. Cependant, le choix de pays-clés, les contacts établis avec de nombreux organismes de portée régionale et la documentation consultée, ont permis de bâtir un diagnostic d'ensemble......L'étude comporte trois parties.La 1e partie constitue une analyse des catastrophes en termes de bilan et de risque. Il s'agit, à l'aide de cartes, notamment, de montrer les effets des catastrophes naturelles en Amérique Centrale et dans les Caraïbes, de présenter la répartition et la fréquence des aléas naturels et de procéder à une analyse de critères de vulnérabilité. L'objectif est, enfin, de déterminer des niveaux de risque, à l'échelle de la région, compte tenu des dangers naturels et des critères de vulnérabilité.La 2° partie est l'étude des actions entreprises dans la région, ces dernières années, afin de réduire les risques et les conséquences des catastrophes. Cette étude permet de dégager des lacunes et des besoins. Les différentes composantes entrant dans le processus de réduction des catastrophes sont retenues : recherche scientifique et technique, prévention stricto sensu, préparation, information / formation. L'accent est également placé sur les modes actuels d'application des politiques de réduction des risques : de l'approche sectorielle à l'approche intégrée.La 3e partie traite des conditions actuelles pour la mise en oeuvre d'un programme DIPECHO cohérent et efficace. Quatre aspects fondamentaux sont analysés: les particularités régionales et nationales (l'hétérogénéité et ses conséquences); les faiblesses et qualités institutionnelles aux différents échelons géographiques: les caractéristiques des organismes susceptibles de contribuer à la mise en oeuvre du DIPECHO; le rôle actuel et en perspective de la Communauté Européenne et des Etats Membres.Chaque partie comporte une conclusion partielle La conclusion générale reprend les idées force des conclusions intermédiaires ct débouche sur des lignes d'actions prioritaires recommandées pour le DIPECHO......L'étude confiée au CIFEG par le CRED-UCL et ECHO a été coordonnée par Robert D'Ercole (Département de Géographie, Université de Savoie, Chambéry, France). Elle a bénéficié de la collaboration de Thierry Lesales (Département de Géographie, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Martinique, France) et de Patrick Pigeon (Département de Géographie, Université de Savoie, Chambéry, France). Ont également contribué à la réalisation de celle étude: Claudine Misson (CRED-UCL, Belgique), Jean-Claude Napias (CIFEG, directeur), Jacques Giri (CIFEG, président), Sylvie Orlyk (CIFEG, secrétariat).
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01196496

hal-01196496
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01196496
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01196496/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01196496/file/D%27Ercole%20et%20al%201997%20Diagnostic%20DIPECHO%20Caraibes%20compressed.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
We present a new set of brittle microtectonic measurements carried out in the Pliocene and Quaternary rocks outcropping in several key sectors of the western Betic and Rif orogen, the so-called Gibraltar orogenic arc. This data set, along with available earthquake focal mechanisms and borehole breakouts, allowed us to compile the Pliocene and Quaternary stress map of this area. This map provides new constraints for tectonic models and the present-day tectonic activity of the proposed active eastward subduction of oceanic lithosphere beneath the Gibraltar Arc and roll-back. The horizontal maximum compressive stress (S-Hmax) is NW-SE in the Betic Orogen and N-S/NNW-SSE in the southern Rif Cordillera. There is a significant consistency between S-Hmax and the displacement field deduced from GPS measurements with respect to the African plate: both appear to reflect the NW-SE convergence between the African and the European plates that is perturbed in the Rif. We propose that part of the eastern Rif behaves as a quasi-rigid block welded to the stable African plate. This block is bounded by important faults that localized most of the deformation disturbing the stress and surface displacement field. Pliocene to Quaternary N-S to NW-SE Africa-Europe plate convergence seem to be associated to the reorganization of the remnant Early Miocene subduction system in a continental-continental collision framework. Three-dimensional reconstruction of available seismic tomography plotted against the intermediate seismicity shows that only part of the old subduction system, whose orientation ranges from N20 degrees E to N100 degrees E, remains active: the portion ranging from N30 degrees E to N40 degrees E, orthogonal to the regional convergence. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN: 0264-3707

hal-00671033
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00671033
DOI : 10.1016/j.jog.2010.12.003

Éditeur(s) : OMICS Publishing Group
Résumé : Coastal tropical shrimp farming may impact the adjacent ecosystems through the release of large quantities of effluents rich in nutrients. In New Caledonia, mangroves are considered as a natural biofilter to reduce impacts on the surrounding World Heritage listed lagoon. Our main objective was to understand the influence of effluent discharge on the biogeochemistry of mangrove sediments. A monitoring of the physico-chemical parameters of mangrove sediments was carried out during a whole year, including active and non active periods of the farm. The parameters studied were: i) benthic primary production (Chl-a concentrations), ii) physico-chemical parameters of sediments (redox potential, pH, salinity, TOC, TN, TS, δ13C and δ15N), iii) concentrations of dissolved nitrogen, iron and phosphorus. A mangrove developing in the same physiographic conditions, presenting the same zonation, and free of anthropogenic input was used as reference. The concentration of benthic Chl-a measured at sediment surface in the effluent receiving mangrove was twice to three times that measured in the control zone whatever the season. We thus suggest that nutrients inputs significantly increased the phytobenthic production in the effluent receiving mangrove during the whole year, even after the cessation of discharges and because of natural seasonal dynamic of phytobenthos. Although the flow of surface OM was increased, the OM content at depth was not higher than in the control mangrove. However, the contribution of mangrove detritus to the sedimentary organic pool was higher probably as a result of higher density and much greater individual size of the mangrove trees. Unlike the control mangrove sediment, the effluent receiving mangrove sediment was not stratified, redox potential values were high and presence of Fe3+ was detected down to 50 cm depth, probably as a result of a larger root system, allowing a better sediment oxygenation and accentuated OM decomposition processes, and thus limiting ecosystem saturation.
Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development (21559546) (OMICS Publishing Group), 2014-07-03 , Vol. 5 , N. 5 , P. 1-13

Droits : 2014 Marchand C, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00251/36253/34801.pdf
DOI:10.4172/2155-9546.1000262
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00251/36253/

Résumé : In the booming context of shrimp culture in French Caledonia, some research actions need to be considered in order (i) to make sure this production will not impact the quality and biodiversity of the coastal environment it is contingent upon (ii) for the field to highlight, based on objective bases, its good "environmental image", for an efficient commercialization of its products. In the framework of the MOM project, a number of actions have been carried out: Action 1: A bibliographical synthesis of the impact of shrimp culture on coastal environment has been conducted, taking into account the works carried out throughout the world and in French Caledonia in order to draw the main issues the Territory will have to deal with. It seems necessary to start with an assessment of the future and the impact of the effluents on the coastal environment. Action 2: With this aim in mind, one or more indicators, among the lagoon's environmental variables, of the influence of the farms' rejects on the coastal environment, have been searched for. The first results are presented in this report. Action 3: In parallel, a long-term program taking into account the different aspects of the problem in its entirety and complexity has been defined in relation with our partners in French Caledonia. With this aim in mind, a symposium entitled "Ecosystems and shrimp culture", organised by the Ifremer in French Caledonia, with the support of the IRD, was held in Nouméa from June 22nd to June 24th, 2005. This symposium enabled the drawing out of the research perspective on the benthos, on the functioning of the lagoon ecosystem, and on the evolution of the mangrove swamps subjected to organic matter inflows from farms.
Dans un contexte d'essor de la filière crevette de Nouvelle Calédonie, des actions de recherche doivent être envisagées (i) pour assurer que cette production n'hypothéquera pas la qualité de l'environnement littoral et sa biodiversité dont elle dépend et (ii) pour que la filière puisse mettre en avant, sur des bases objectives, son image «environnementalement correcte» garante de la bonne commercialisation de son produit. Dans le cadre de ce projet MOM, plusieurs actions ont été menées : Action 1 : Une synthèse bibliographique de l'impact de l'aquaculture de crevettes sur l'environnement littoral a été réalisée en prenant en compte les travaux conduits à travers le monde et en Nouvelle-Calédonie afin de dégager les principales problématiques concernant le Territoire. Il apparaît nécessaire comme première priorité d'être capable d'évaluer le devenir et l'impact des effluents sur l'environnement littoral. Action 2 : A ce titre, un travail de recherche d'un ou de plusieurs indicateurs, parmi les variables environnementales du lagon, de l'influence des rejets aquacoles sur l'environnement littoral a été mené. Les premiers résultats sont présentés dans ce rapport. Action 3 : Parallèlement, il a été défini en relation avec nos partenaires présents en Nouvelle-Calédonie un programme pluriannuel prenant en compte les différents aspects du problème dans sa globalité et sa complexité. Pour cela, un séminaire intitulé « Écosystèmes et crevetticulture » organisé par l'Ifremer en Nouvelle-Calédonie avec le soutien de l'IRD s'est tenu à Nouméa du 22 au 24 juin 2005. Ce séminaire a permis d'élaborer des perspectives de recherche sur le benthos, sur le fonctionnement de l'écosystème lagon et sur l'évolution des mangroves soumis à des apports de matière organique issus des élevages.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/rapport-6593.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6593/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
A 6 mg./kg. daily dose of levamisole was given during three days to ten carriers of microfilarias Wuchereria bancrofti in Tahiti. No action against adult worms was noticed. The immediate microfilaricid action was at least equivalent to the action of DEC. However the decrease of microfilaremia was not so long with levamisole than with DEC given to a lower dose. Lastly the amount of reactions after a treatment by levamisole is notable.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales

hal-00715413
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00715413
PUBMED : 1037387

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : For Norwegians the name of our country is based on a route - "the way to the North" - and this was not a built route but using of the coast-line itself. As long as the boats and ships were the main means of travel this coastal way - "Nor-way" - was the main communication basis for most people, and for transport of goods. But even in the interior of the country, water, namely rivers and lakes were the main structures for communication. The lakes were most efficient for transport during the cold winters, by sledges on the frozen surfaces.When new means of transport took over most of the traffic, however, sea, lakes and rivers in many ways became obstacles instead of means of communication (?). This gave the government and others new challenges. In the sailing period up to the end of the eighteen hundreds, boats and harbors were the investment focus and sailors were recruited in every community from the age of 15. This meant that in a remote area at the Arctic Circle there were plenty of people who have been sailing around most of the work and could easily be hosts of visitors.This paper is mostly focusing on "how to market and develop these beautiful coastal areas to travelers using either their own cars, bikes, boats or collective transport". What types of geographical units are suited for marketing and developing such areas and how might local producers of accommodation, food & beverages, crafts, activities and arts be included in such organizations. The main focus will be on the work of organization "Kystriksvegen Reiseliv AS" that have been working with these challenges for closed to two decades. What have their successes and obstacles been and how have they been able to operate a sustainable business on a long coastal route with many car ferries, small islands, fjords and mountains and more than twenty municipalities.
Pour les Norvégiens, le nom de notre pays est basé sur un itinéraire - «le chemin vers le Nord» - et ce n'était pas une route construite, mais qui repose sur la ligne de côte elle-même. Tant que les bateaux et les navires étaient le principal moyen de déplacement de cette façon côtière – "Nor-way" - était la base principale de communication pour la plupart des gens et pour le transport de marchandises, et même à l'intérieur du pays, l'eau, à savoir les rivières et les lacs étaient les principales structures de communication. Les lacs sont les plus efficaces pour le transport pendant les hivers froids, par traîneaux sur les surfaces gelées.Avec l’arrivée des nouveaux moyens de transport, la mer, les lacs et les rivières à bien des égards, sont devenus obstacles (?). Cela a donné de nouveaux défis au gouvernement. A l’époque de la voile jusqu'à la fin des dix-huit centaines, des bateaux et des ports ont été l'objet d'investissements et les marins ont été recrutés dans toutes les collectivités dès l’âge de 15 ans. Cela signifie que dans une région éloignée dans le cercle arctique, il y avait beaucoup de gens qui étaient navigateurs et pouvaient facilement être les hôtes de visiteurs.Ce document est principalement axé sur «la façon de commercialiser et de développer ces belles régions côtières de voyageurs qui utilisent soit leurs propres voitures, motos, bateaux ou de transports collectifs». Quels types d'unités géographiques sont adaptés pour la commercialisation et le développement de ces régions ? Comment les producteurs locaux d'hébergement, de nourriture et de boissons, d’artisanat, les activités et les arts sont inclus dans ces organisations ? L'accent principal sera mis sur le travail de l’organisation "Reiseliv AS Kystriksvegen" qui a travaillé sur ces défis de fermeture depuis deux décennies. Quelles ont été leurs réussites et obstacles, et comment ont-ils pu exploiter une entreprise durable sur une longue route côtière avec des car-ferries, de nombreuses petites îles, des fjords et des montagnes et plus d’une vingtaine de municipalités.
Norvège

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.5286
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/5286