Résumé : (Funding) This collection includes items related to Florida’s environments, ecosystems, and species. It includes the subcollections of Florida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit project documents, the Sea Grant technical series, the Florida Geological Survey series, the Coastal Engineering Department series, the Howard T. Odum Center for Wetland technical reports, and other entities devoted to the study and preservation of Florida's natural resources.
North America -- United States of America -- Florida
Florida
Florida

Droits : Copyright Walter S. Judd. Permission granted to University of Florida to digitize and display this item for non-profit research and educational purposes. Any reuse of this item in excess of fair use or other copyright exemptions requires permission of the copyright holder.
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00073894/00001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
IODP Site U1309 was drilled at Atlantis Massif, an oceanic core complex, at 30 degrees N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). We present the results of a bulk rock geochemical study (major and trace elements) carried out on 228 samples representative of the different lithologies sampled at this location. Over 96% of Hole U1309D is made up of gabbroic rocks. Diabases and basalts cross-cut the upper part of the section; they have depleted MORB compositions similar to basalts sampled at MAR 30 degrees N. Relics of mantle were recovered at shallow depth. Mantle peridotites show petrographic and geochemical evidence of extensive melt-rock interactions. Gabbroic rocks comprise: olivine-rich troctolites (>70% modal olivine) and troctolites having high Mg# (82-89), high Ni (up to 2300 ppm) and depleted trace element compositions (Yb 0.06-0.8 ppm); olivine gabbros and gabbros (including gabbronorites) with Mg# of 60-86 and low trace element contents (Yb 0.125-2.5 ppm); and oxide gabbros and leucocratic dykes with low Mg# (<50), low Ni (similar to 65 ppm) and high trace element contents (Yb up to 26 ppm). Troctolites and gabbros are amongst the most primitive and depleted oceanic gabbroic rocks. The main geochemical characteristics of Site U1309 gabbroic rocks are consistent with a formation as a cumulate sequence after a common parental MORB melt, although (lack of systematic) downhole variations indicate that the gabbroic series were built by multiple magma injections. In detail, textural and geochemical variations in olivine-rich troctolites and gabbronorites suggest chemical interaction (assimilation?) between the parental melt and the intruded lithosphere. Site U1309 gabbroic rocks do not represent the complementary magmatic product of 30 degrees N volcanics, although they sample the same mantle source. The bulk trace element composition of Site U1309 gabbroic rocks is similar to primitive MORB melt compositions; this implies that there was no large scale removal of melts from this gabbro section. The occurrence of such a large magmatic sequence implies that a high magmatic activity is associated with the formation of Atlantis Massif. Our results suggest that almost all melts feeding this magmatic system stays trapped into the intruded lithosphere.
ISSN: 0012-821X

hal-00413562
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00413562
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.034

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Institute of Mathematical Sciences
Résumé : International audience
In this paper, shape optimization tools are applied to coastal engineering. A barred beach protection study is described, using a new type of water wave attenuator device, namely geotextile tube, to reduce the mobilization of sediments. A global optimization algorithm, able to pursue beyond local minima, is used to search for the optimum properties of the geotextile tube. The optimal configuration is then post-validated for generated currents.
ISSN: 1531-3492

hal-00475636
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00475636
DOI : 10.3934/dcdsb.2010.13.759

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Editions Paralia CFL
Résumé : Des techniques d'optimisation de formes sont utilisées dans des problèmes du Génie Côtier pour la protection des plages. En collaboration avec le bureau d'étude Bas-Rhône Languedoc ingénierie, un projet d'aménagement concret de la plage du Lido de Sète, utilisant des ouvrages immergés en géotextile, a été étudié. Des solutions optimales, visant à réduire la mise en suspension des sédiments, pour les structures de défenses ont été obtenues à partir d'un modèle hydrodynamique de propagation de houle. Une étude complémentaire à partir d'un modèle de circulation et des travaux expérimentaux en canal à houle permettent ensuite de valider les résultats optimaux numériques obtenus. Shape optimization techniques, focusing on coastal structures design, are used to solve coastal engineering problem. In collaboration with the Bas-Rhône Languedoc engineering Company, a actual development plan concerning the beach of the Lido of Sète has been studied. Optimal solutions, aimed at reducing sediments suspended, for defense structures have been obtained with a hydrodynamic water wave model. An additional study using a circulation model and experimental works in flume tend to validate optimal numerical results.
ISSN: 1760-8716

hal-00854031
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00854031
DOI : 10.5150/jngcgc.2008.025-I

Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-Villars
Résumé : Marine muds deposited on the French Guiana coast mostly originate in the Amazon. Recent sediments are composed of (a) illite (33 %) and chlorite (13 %) of Andean mountain origin; and (b) kaolinite (28 %) and smectite (26 %), principally from the Amazonian lowlands but also from the Guiana Shield. In the coastal mud prism, high-resolution seismic profiles, together with sedimentological, micropaleontological and soil engineering studies, supplemented by C-14 dates, permitted a stratigraphic interpretation of eight cores. Three episodes have been determined on the basis of clay-mineral variations related to Amazonian lowland, Andean and Guiana shield sources. The older episodes 3 (3000-1700 y BP) and 2 (1700-1000 y BP) are predominantly characterized by lowland-derived clays (smectite = 43 %, kaolinite = 26 %) from Amazonian and local sources. The most important event is a reduction of the Andean source, due to successive dry phases which occurred in western Amazonia about 2200 and 1200 y BP, confirming that regional decreases in rainfall, water discharge and erosion were associated with climatic fluctuations. It is suggested that these dry phases (within the last 3000 years) are the consequence of several protracted (10-100 years) periods, during which atmospheric conditions mimicked the present-day ''El Nino Southern Oscillation'' (ENSO) phenomenon. As a result, particulate flux from the ocean decreased, leading to reduced silting of the Guiana coast, In the past 1000 years (episode 1), illite and chlorite have increased, indicating a stronger Andean contribution to the Amazonian continental flux that reaches the ocean. This is the first demonstration that the nature of the coastal marine muds of northern South America reflects climatic changes in the Amazon basin.
Oceanologica Acta (0399-1784) (Gauthier-Villars), 1996 , Vol. 19 , N. 5 , P. 477-487

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00094/20506/18175.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00094/20506/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
Patterns of connectivity and self-recruitment are recognized as key factors shaping the dynamics of marine populations. Connectivity is also essential for maintaining and restoring natural ecological processes with genetic diversity contributing to the adaptation and persistence of any species in the face of global disturbances. Estimates of connectivity are crucial to inform the design of both marine protected areas (MPAs) and MPA networks. Among several approaches, genetic structure is frequently used as a proxy for patterns of connectivity. Using 8 microsatellite loci, we investigated genetic structure of the two-banded sea bream Diplodus vulgaris, a coastal fish that is both commercially and ecologically important. Adults were sampled in 7 locations (stretches of coastline approximately 8 km long) and juveniles in 14 sites (~100 to 200 m of coastline) along 200 km of the Apulian Adriatic coast (SW Adri-atic Sea), within and outside an MPA (Torre Guaceto MPA, Italy). Our study found similar genetic diversity indices for both the MPA and the surrounding fished areas. An overall lack of genetic structure among samples suggests high gene flow (i.e. connectivity) across a scale of at least 200 km. However, some local genetic divergences found in two locations demonstrate some heterogeneity in processes renewing the population along the Apulian Adriatic coast. Furthermore, two sites appeared genetically divergent, reinforcing our observations within the genetic makeup of adults and confirming heterogeneity in early stage genetics that can come from either different supply populations or from chaotic genetic patchiness occurring under temporal variation in recruitment and in the reproductive success. While the specific role of the MPA is not entirely known in this case, these results confirm the presence of regional processes and the key role of connectivity in maintaining the local population supply.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-01442055
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01442055
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01442055/document
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01442055/file/journal.pone.0167441.pdf
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0167441.s009

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Coastal Education and Research Foundation
Résumé : Special Issue 65 - International Coastal Symposium Volume 1
International audience
ISSN: 0749-0208

hal-01429044
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01429044
DOI : 10.2112/SI65-117.1

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
Marine biological invasions threaten biodiversity worldwide. Here we explore how Marine Protected areas, by reducing human use of the coast, confer resilience against the introduction of non-indigenous species (NIS), using two very different Pacific islands as case studies for developing and testing mathematical models. We quantified NIS vectors and promoters on Vancouver (Canada) and Moorea (French Polynesia) islands, sampled and barcoded NIS, and tested models at different spatial scales with different types of interaction among vectors and between marine protection and NIS frequency. In our results NIS were negatively correlated with the dimension of the protected areas and the intensity of the protection. Small to medium geographical scale protection seemed to be efficient against NIS introductions. The likely benefit of MPAs was by exclusion of aquaculture, principally in Canada. These results emphasize the importance of marine protected areas for biodiversity conservation, and suggest that small or medium protected zones would confer efficient protection against NIS introduction.
ISSN: 2045-2322

hal-01381251
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01381251
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01381251/document
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01381251/file/rate%20of%20biological%20invasions.pdf
DOI : 10.1038/srep33013

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The paper presents coastal structures design in the presence of waves by the minimization of a cost function. It aims to show that shape optimization can be efficiently applied to ocean engineering. This is an underlying guiding principle for the design of harbors or offshore breakwaters. We compute the solution of a specific simplified boundary value problem describing the short wave propagation toward a vertical sea cliff or vertical wall and modify accordingly the shape of defense structures in order to minimize a pre-defined cost function taking into account the strength (energy) of the water waves. The optimization procedure relies on a global semi-deterministic search algorithm able to escape from local minima.
ISSN: 0378-3839

hal-00411905
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00411905
DOI : 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2007.06.006

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD MDPI
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 2072-4292

hal-01429038
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01429038
DOI : 10.3390/rs5073583

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Inter Research
Résumé : International audience
The main objective of the VULSACO (VULnerability of SAndy COasts to climate change and anthropic pressure) project was to investigate present day and potential future vulnerability of sandy coasts at the 2030 horizon, i.e. on a time scale related to climate variability. The method, based on a multidisciplinary approach bringing together geologists, geographers, physicists, social psychologists, engineers and stakeholders, was structured around 4 axes: field data analysis; numerical modelling; analysis of governance and stakeholder perceptions; and development of vulnerability indexes. This approach was designed to investigate vulnerability at a local scale and was applied to 4 contrasting beaches located in France: Sète Lido (Mediterranean Sea), Truc Vert and La Tresson beaches (Atlantic Ocean), and Dewulf (English Channel). The results focus on decadal and multi-annual beach trends at the Truc Vert beach site. There is almost no trend in beach volume at Truc Vert beach, although there is a variation in this parameter on a cycle of 2 to 3 yr, with variations related to wave energy and probably to indexes of climate variability. Numerical modelling identified the sensitivity of beach responses to changes in wave height and direction, especially in terms of subtidal morphology and the potential development of shoreline instability. Together with the observed offshore wave angle at the Biscay Buoy, these model results suggest that a potential change in wave angle due to climate variability could significantly modify the bars' morphology. The combination of data analysis and numerical modelling contributed to the development of vulnerability indexes designed for sandy coasts, which take into account climate-dependant variables such as waves. This allowed the differentiation of the sites in terms of vulnerability to erosion: Sète Lido and Truc Vert beach were the most and least vulnerable sites, respectively. These indexes help in identifying the dominant components of beach vulnerability, and provide potential for the study of how anthropogenic factors affect vulnerability. The study of stakeholder perceptions and decision-making with regard to climate-related risk also highlighted potential anthropogenic effects on beach vulnerability, and identified possible site-specific outcomes.
ISSN: 0936-577X

hal-00843946
https://hal-brgm.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00843946
DOI : 10.3354/cr01153

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
This paper describes how to tackle new challenging coastal engineering problems related to beach erosion with a shape optimization approach. The method modifies the shape of the sea bottom in order to reduce beach erosion effects. Global optimization is shown to be necessary as the related functionals have several local minima. We describe the physical model used, the proposed protection devices against beach erosion and real case applications.
ISSN: 0029-5981

hal-00411912
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00411912
DOI : 10.1002/nme.2209

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
After defining the High Performance Pre- Computing --referred as HPPC-- concept, the aim of the present study is to develop a prototype whether to approve or not the benefits of this concept. Our application case tries to answer the geophysical issue of coastal flooding. This is an example of an alert system based on the HPPC architecture, thus on pre-computed scenarios. The prototype provides the scientists with an ergonomic and on-demand tool allowing the run of scenarios of any implemented numerical models. These runs are available through a web application which submits the corresponding jobs on the remote french public cluster of HPC@LR. In this study we simulate the waves propagation over a Mediterranean grid using the wave model WaveWatch III⃝R . A reference simulation using usual conditions is approximated using the k-NN algorithm over 12, 98 and then 980 pre-computed scenarios. This simple experiment demonstrates how useful the pre-computing of scenarios is for alert systems as far as enough and relevant scenarios are pre-computed. This is the reason why searches continue in each critical points of the HPPC architecture such as the design of experiment, the approximation of the results by meta-models and the research of the closest scenarios in this big data context.
4th International Conference on Knowledge and Systems Engineering
Danang, Vietnam

lirmm-00736797
https://hal-lirmm.ccsd.cnrs.fr/lirmm-00736797
https://hal-lirmm.ccsd.cnrs.fr/lirmm-00736797/document
https://hal-lirmm.ccsd.cnrs.fr/lirmm-00736797/file/PID2396685.pdf
DOI : 10.1109/KSE.2012.36

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
1. The use of targets to provide measurable objectives and benchmarks for management, conservation, andrestoration of ecosystems is commonplace. In the marine and coastal realms, targets have been successful insetting sustainable limits to fisheries harvests, thresholds for pollutants, and recommended amounts ofrepresentative habitat included in marine protected area (MPA) networks. Quantifiable targets can dissuadegovernments from making dubious claims about investments in ocean protection that sound impressive butcannot be verified. Examples are presented where protection targets have been used successfully for marinemanagement, and instances where measurable and meaningful benchmarks serve to allow tracking of true progress.2. However, the setting of targets can also be a double-edged sword. In some cases, targets have proven useful,but in many instances, interventions made to fulfil targets not only give a false illusion of progress or even success,they present opportunity costs that impede further conservation.3. Some of these issues were raised in the 2003 article ‘Dangerous Targets?: Unresolved issues and ideologicalclashes around marine protected areas’ that appeared in Aquatic Conservation: Marine and FreshwaterEcosystems. Since its publication, the article’s warnings about how targets can sometimes be dangerous andcounter-productive have led to intense debate among scientists and policy-makers alike, and the paper has beencited in more than 500 publications. Yet today, more than a dozen years after the first ‘Dangerous Targets’publication, new targets are driving more MPA designations and conservation strategies than ever before, andthe ‘dangerous’ aspects of target setting have been largely ignored.4. This paper discusses old ‘dangers’ in the context of new developments in marine conservation, including thelingering problem of having simplistic metrics drive marine policies, and the unintended result that can often occurwhen outputs (percentage of area under MPA designation) do not align with true outcomes of effectivemanagement and conservation. Newly emerging ‘dangers’ in letting areal targets (percentage of area underMPA designation) drive MPA designations are also discussed, including how the rush to fulfil obligations toprotect a certain proportion of area is taking place in planning, separate from broader level, and potentiallymore holistic, marine spatial planning (MSP).5. The paper suggests five recommendations that would allow policy-makers to use targets more effectively,including: (1) increase transparency in planning, especially around specific goals and objectives of MPAestablishment; (2) use time-based areal targets when representativity is a goal of the protected area strategy; (3)
ISSN: 1052-7613

hal-01380963
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01380963
DOI : 10.1002/aqc.2675