Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD springer
Résumé : International audience
In this paper, we address the problem of flood prediction in complex situations. We present an original solution in order to achieve the main goals of accuracy, flexibility and readability. We propose the SM2D modular data driven approach that provides predictive models for each sub-process of a global hydrological process. We show that this solution improves the predictive accuracy regarding a global approach. The originality of our proposition is threefold: (1) the predictive model is defined as a set of aggregate variables that act as classifiers, (2) an evolutionary technique is implemented to find best juries of such classifiers and (3) the flood process complexity problem is addressed by searching for sub-models on sub-processes identified partly by spatial criteria. The solution has proved to perform well on flash flood phenomena of tropical areas known to be hardly predictable. It was indeed successfully applied on a real caribbean river dataset after both preprocessing and preliminary analysis steps presented in the paper.
Lecture notes in computer science
Singapour, Singapore

hal-00878780
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00878780
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-40897-7_13

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Objective To guide nosology and classification of patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) based on phenotype and presence or absence of ANCA. Methods Organ manifestations and ANCA status were retrospectively analyzed based on the presence or not of predefined definite vasculitis features or surrogates of vasculitis in patients asthma, eosinophilia, and at least one systemic organ manifestation attributable to systemic disease. Results The study population included 157 patients (mean age 49.4 ± 14.1), with a follow-up of 7.4 ± 6.4 years. Patients with ANCA (31%) more frequently had weight loss, myalgias, arthralgias, biopsy-proven vasculitis, glomerulonephritis on biopsy, hematuria, leukocytoclastic capillaritis and/or eosinophilic infiltration of arterial wall on biopsy, and other renal disease. A total of 41% of patients had definite vasculitis manifestations (37%) or strong surrogates of vasculitis (4%), of whom only 53% had ANCA. Mononeuritis multiplex was associated with systemic vasculitis (p = 0.005) and with the presence of ANCA (p < 0.001). Overall, 59% of patients had polyangiitis as defined by definite vasculitis, strong surrogate of vasculitis, mononeuritis multiplex, and/or ANCA with at least one systemic manifestation other than ENT or respiratory. Patients with polyangiitis had more systemic manifestations including arthralgias (p = 0.02) and renal disease (p = 0.024), had higher peripheral eosinophilia (p = 0.027), and a trend towards less myocarditis (p = 0.057). Using predefined criteria of vasculitis and surrogates of vasculitis, ANCA alone were found to be insufficient to categorise patients with vasculitis features. Conclusion We suggest a revised nomenclature and definition for EGPA and a new proposed entity referred to as hypereosinophilic asthma with systemic (non vasculitic) manifestations. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
Autoimmunity Reviews

hal-01467544
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01467544
DOI : 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.09.018
PUBMED : 27671089

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are a global conservation and management tool to enhance the resilience of linked social-ecological systems with the aim of conserving biodiversity and providing ecosystem services for sustainable use. However, MPAs implemented worldwide include a large variety of zoning and management schemes from single to multiple-zoning and from no-take to multiple-use areas. The current IUCN categorisation of MPAs is based on management objectives which many times have a significant mismatch to regulations causing a strong uncertainty when evaluating global MPAs effectiveness. A novel global classification system for MPAs based on regulations of uses as an alternative or complementing the current IUCN system of categories is presented. Scores for uses weighted by their potential impact on biodiversity were built. Each zone within a MPA was scored and an MPA index integrates the zone scores. This system classifies MPAs as well as each MPA zone individually, is globally applicable and unambiguously discriminates the impacts of uses.
ISSN: 0308-597X

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/
hal-01358706
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01358706
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01358706/document
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01358706/file/1-s2.0-S0308597X16300197-main.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpol.2016.06.021

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : El Caribe colombiano ha experimentado un acelerado proceso de urbanización y desarrollo turístico en los últimos 50 años. Solo en una ciudad como Cartagena de Indias (la ciudad turística por excelencia de Colombia), datos referidos al periodo noviembre 2009 – enero 2015, mostraron un incremento en la llegada de turistas cercano al 20%. Después de un gran número de encuestas realizadas alrededor del mundo, se encontró que los parámetros en que se basan los turistas a la hora de preferir una playa son: i) la seguridad, ii) el paisaje, iii) calidad del agua, iv) basuras, v) instalaciones. El paisaje es uno de los recursos costeros y por lo tanto su evaluación es una herramienta importante para los gestores y planificadores del litoral a la hora de la realización de planes de conservación, protección, desarrollo y manejo. Este trabajo se basa en la evaluación del valor paisajístico de las playas que constituyen la base de la economía de muchas ciudades costeras en el mundo y en especial de la zona central de litoral Caribe colombiano. Un problema importante en la evaluación del paisaje es la incapacidad de algunas metodologías de reflejar correctamente las percepciones de la gente, debido al alto peso que tienen algunos aspectos subjetivos (p. ej. altura de una geoforma).En este trabajo se presenta la evaluación del paisaje realizada para la zona central de Caribe colombiano (37 playas de los departamentos de Sucre, Bolívar y Atlántico) utilizando la lógica matemática y matrices ponderadas (fuzzy logic mathematics - parameter weighting matrices) las cuales permiten disminuir la subjetividad y cuantificar con exactitud la incertidumbre. Para la evaluación se utilizó una lista de chequeo que está conformada por 26 parámetros, 18 físicos (acantilados, playas, plataformas rocosas, dunas, características de los valles, forma del relieve, mareas, paisaje costero, color del agua y restos de vegetación), y 8 antropogénicos (ruido, basura, descarga de aguas residuales, grado de modificación y de construcción del medio, tipos de acceso, línea del horizonte y estructuras antrópicas). Los parámetros fueron calificados en una escala de 1 a 5 (presencia/ausencia o poca/alta calidad) y, con el fin de cuantificar la incertidumbre y excesos derivados de la subjetividad que pudo haber tenido la evaluación de los parámetros, se utilizó la lógica difusa (fuzzy logic). A la par, un sistema de matrices, se empleó para asignar valores de peso de acuerdo a las preferencias y prioridades de los usuarios. Como resultado de estos análisis lógico-estadísticos se obtuvo un valor (D) el cual resume la evaluación del paisaje en 5 clases que van desde la CLASE 1 (zona litoral sumamente atractiva) hasta la CLASE 5 (playas urbanas muy poco atractivas). De los 37 sectores estudiados, ninguno puede ser considerado como una zona litoral sumamente atractiva, mientras que 15 corresponden a zonas litorales urbanas poco atractivas, el resto de las playas (22) se ubicó entre las clases 2, 3 y 4. Los resultados obtenidos son útiles para los gestores costeros en la medida que, aunque no es posible mejorar los aspectos naturales de la clasificación, si es posible mejorar muchos de los parámetros antropogenicos y, de esta forma, hacer que una playa mejore su clasificación y sea paisajísticamente más atractiva.
In the past few years, the Colombian Caribbean coast has experienced rapid tourism development which has not been accompanied with a similar increase in urbanization facilities. For example, the city of Cartagena de Indias (the most famous tourist destination of Colombia), data related to November 2009 – January 2015 period, showed an increase of 20% in tourist arrivals. A large number of surveys developed in Europe found that the most critical parameters for tourists, when they choose a beach, are: i) security, ii) scenery, iii) water quality, iv) litter, v) facilities. Scenery is one of the most significant coastal resources. Therefore, its evaluation is a valuable tool for coastal managers when developing conservation and protection plans. This proposal provides coastal scenery assessment of 37 beaches along the North Colombian Caribbean littoral by analysing 26 physical and human factors. Results were weighted (not all parameters have equal weight) and subjected to fuzzy logic mathematics in order to reduce recorder judgment subjectivity. The sites were categorised into five classes; Class 1 locations had top grade scenery; Class 5 poor scenery. Of the 37 sectors studied, currently none can be considered as an extremely attractive coastal area (class1), while 15 were unattractive urban coastal areas (class 5), the rest of the beaches (22) placed in classes 2, 3 and 4. Classification of analysed sites depends on the geological setting and degree of human occupation. The technique opens new perspectives for analysis of the potential for coastal tourism development in natural areas and scenic quality improvement of current tourist developed areas. Concerning coastal management issues, emphasis should be given to the upgrading of human parameters eliminating litter and sewage evidence, vegetation debris and enhancing beach nourishment works. This proposal can help in moving some locations from their present status to a higher one.
Caraïbes
Colombie

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.9326
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/9326

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Institut de Géographie Alpine
Résumé : International audience
The international symposium on «Urban Growth and Natural Hazards, in particular in Developing Countries» was held in the University Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (France) on December 2 and 3, 1994. This meeting brought together about 70 research people, Ph.D. students, and professionals from France and 12 countries, representing universities, research agencies, as well as government and private companies. The symposium aimed to gather specialized people who are engaged and acting in programmes on hazard appraisal, risk prevention and urban management in city environment. These people aimed to compare experiences acquired in two different fields: on the one hand urban growth and its consequences, and on the other hand, natural hazards and effects, in particular in Developing Countries.Half-way through the International Decade for Natural Hazard Disaster Reduction, we strove to reconcile two points of view usually distincts: nature-oriented research and society-oriented research on hazards. These convergent approaches should merge, not only to improve knowledge of natural hazards and risks, but also to cope with hazard and risk situation on a day-basis in a city. We also choose to study both approaches in Developing Countries (DC) because most of the large cities of the world already are or will be located there in near future. In addition, city location in DC coincides with tropical areas where natural hazards are most frequent threats to life, in particular in mountains, on seashores, and on active convergent plate margins. We stress the fact that the 3 following topics are often lacking in studies which have been carried out on natural hazard appraisal and management. 1) How should we include social and economical factors, and particularly a sound analysis of vulnerability of people and values at risk ? 2) How should we cope with hazard management in large cities of Developing Countries ? 3) What is the specific task of research people in hazard case studies engaged in urban environment and management?Three themes correspond to the three sessions of the symposium. (1) Natural hazards and environmental factors : inventory, diagnostic and classification, (2) Vulnerability of urban society and environment : concepts, approaches, and classification, (3) Tools for urban risk prevention and risk management in case of crisis and catastrophes.
Ce numéro de la Revue de Géographie Alpine reprend une dizaine parmi les 41 contributions exposées par des chercheurs français et étrangers lors du colloque international « Croissance urbaine et risques naturels dans les pays en développement » qui s'est déroulé à l'Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, les 2 et 3 décembre 1994. L'objectif général du colloque était de rassembler les diverses compétences existant en France et à l'étranger dans le domaine de l'évaluation et de la gestion des risques naturels et de confronter les expériences acquises à l'interface entre les villes en croissance et le champ d'action des phénomènes naturels créateurs de risques. Le colloque a donc réuni des chercheurs, des doctorants et des praticiens français et leurs collègues étrangers chargés de prévention, de gestion des risques naturels et de gestion urbaine, principalement dans les grandes villes des pays en développement (P.E.D.).Parvenus à mi-chemin de la Décennie Internationale pour la Prévention des Catastrophes Naturelles, nous avons porté des regards croisés sur les approches naturalistes et sociologiques des risques naturels. Il est maintenant nécessaire de faire converger ces approches, non seulement dans la connaissance des menaces et des risques, mais dans la gestion du risque quotidien en milieu urbain. Nous avons concentré ces approches dans les pays en développement ; en effet, le site de leurs grandes villes coïncide souvent avec le champ d'action des phénomènes naturels générateurs de risques, notamment dans la zone intertropicale et en particulier dans les marges continent ales actives (par exemple autour du Pacifique).Nous avons porté l'accent sur 3 points principaux, qui semblent en partie faire défaut dans les études et les méthodes actuellement mises en oeuvre dans la gestion des risques naturels : 1) comment prendre en compte les aspects socio-économiques, en particulier les types d'analyse des vulnérabilités ? 2) comment aborder la gestion des risques en milieu urbain dans les P.E.D. ? 3) quel rôle doit jouer le chercheur en Sciences de l'Homme, de la Société et de la Terre dans les analyses, les expertises consacrées aux risques et surtout dans leur gestion globale, à la charnière des sociétés citadines précaires et des milieux « naturels » contraignants ?Les contributions ont été regroupées, exposées et discutées lors du colloque sous forme de 3 thèmes. (1) Les phénomènes naturels créateurs de dommages (= menaces) : diagnostic, inventaire et typologie, (2) Les vulnérabilités des sociétés et des espaces urbanisés : concepts, typologie et modes d'analyse, (3) Les outils d'aide à la prévention et à la gestion du risque en milieu urbain.
Colloque international : "Croissance urbaine et risques naturels dans les pays en développement"
Clermont-Ferrand, Université Blaise Pascal, France

ISBN : 0035-1121
hal-01165252
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01165252

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Bruggemann, J.H. (2016). Phylogenetic relationships within Aglaopheniidae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) reveal unexpected generic diversity. — Zoologica Scripta, 45, 103–114. Morphology can be misleading in the representation of phylogenetic relationships, especially in simple organisms like cnidarians and particularly in hydrozoans. These suspension feeders are widely distributed in many marine ecosystems, and the family Aglaopheniidae Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890 is among the most diverse and visible, especially on tropical coral reefs. The taxonomy of this family is based on morphological characters with emphasis on reproductive structures for the identification of genera. This study is the most comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the Aglaopheniidae to date, including six genera and 38 species, of which 13 were investigated for the first time and sampled on tropical coral reefs throughout the Indo-Pacific region. For newly sampled individuals, we sequenced the 16S rRNA, the nuclear locus comprising the complete ITS1-5.8S rRNA gene-ITS2 and the first intron of the calmodulin nuclear gene. Phylogenetic analyses of the data revealed and confirmed a general polyphyly, or doubtful monophyly, of all sampled genera in tropical regions based on both the mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Our results revealed that several morphological characters used today are unsuited to resolve phylogenetic relationships between species and genera, as well as the high phyletic diversity within this family. Future revision of the classification of this family will require extensive geographic sampling and the use of an integrative approach.
ISSN: 0300-3256

hal-01359414
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01359414
DOI : 10.1111/zsc.12135

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé :   Diffusion du document : INRA Antilles-Guyane, SDAR/ERIST, Domaine Duclos, F97170 Petitt-Bourg (Guadeloupe) Diplôme : DEA
il s'agit d'un type de produit dont les métadonnées ne correspondent pas aux métadonnées attendues dans les autres types de produit : DISSERTATION
ln French Guiana, the mangrove covers almost ail the coastline. It results original because of a dynamic influenced by the system of the amazon muds' dispersion. The coastline's variations are important and the mangrove growing there constitutes various facies. To understand the structure and dynamic of this forest, a test-site has been selected at the Kaw river's estuary. Field measurements of structure parameters permited to identify 3 major types of mangrove forests with different developement stages. Relations between the measured parameters show the facies'dynamic with a self-thinning phnomenon then a gap regeneration. Correlations between structure parameters and corresponding spectral parameters extracted from an IKONOS image have been tested. The use of texture indexes are discussed. Then, a classification of the image reveals the spatial distribution of the facies Parallely, the constitution of a temporal series from 1950 to 2001, base on various remote sensed datas, shows the evolution of the coastline and the associated mangrove. During this period, succeed accretion phases (1950-1981; 1991-2001) and erosion phase (1981-1991). A theorical ages map of the forest stands are also established. Relating with the facies map, it explains the complex evolution of limited Rhizophora zones. A comparison with Sinnamary test-site is made and futurs researches considered.
En Guyane française, la mangrove couvre l'essentiel du littoral. Elle tire son originalité d'une dynamique influencée par le système de dispersion des boues amazoniennes. Les variations de la ligne de côte sont alors importantes et les mangroves s'y développant constituent des faciès variés. Pour mieux comprendre la structure et la dynamique de ces mangroves, un site atelier a été choisi au niveau de l'estuaire de la rivière de Kaw. Les mesures sur le terrain de paramètres de structure des peuplements permettent d'identifier 3 grands types de forêt avec différents stades de développement. Des relations entre les différents paramètres mesurés mettent en évidence la dynamique de ces faciès, basée sur un phénomène d'auto-éclaircie puis une régénération par chablis. Un essai de corrélation entre paramètres de structure et paramètres spectraux correspondant sur une image IKONOS a été faite. L'apport des indices de texture est discuté. Une classification de l'image montre la distribution spatiale des faciès. Parallèlement, la reconstitution d'une série temporelle de 1950 à 2001 à partir de données de télédétection variées permet de suivre l'évolution de la côte et de la mangrove associée. Pendant cette période se succèdent phases d'accrétion (1950-1981 ; 1991-2001) et phase d'érosion (1981-1991). Une carte des âges théoriques des peuplements est également établie. Mise en relation avec la carte des faciès, elle explique notamment l'évolution complexe des zones limitées de mangrove à Rhizophora. Une comparaison avec le site de Sinnamary est faite et de futures recherches envisagées.
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01189238

hal-01189238
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01189238
PRODINRA : 18075

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Document soutenu à l'atelier Fouille de Données Complexes de la conférence EGC2017
International audience
"L'informatique affective est l'informatique qui se réfère à, résulte de, ou influence délibérément les émotions" (Picard (1997)). Singulièrement, l'équi-libre psychosocial est désormais considéré comme une préoccupation majeure pour la santé, tant sur le plan individuel que public. Prédire les émotions hu-maines via des méthodes non-invasives est un challenge propulsé notamment par le développement des systèmes d'accompagnement intelligents. Afin de dé-terminer l'état émotionel d'un individu, ayant potentiellement un trouble psy-chosocial, il convient de traiter tant les émotions expressives que neutres. Une approche originale de classification de l'information émotionelle à partir de vi-déos est proposée.
Extraction et Gestion des Connaissances
Grenoble, France

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/
hal-01513329
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01513329
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01513329/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01513329/file/egcArticle%20scholet.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
This paper introduces the information criteria in feature selection framework. Information criteria are integrated in feature selection scheme to select subset candidates. The accuracy of the proposed approach is based on the quality of the probability density approximations of these features. They are obtained using histograms optimized thanks to the adaptive arithmetic coding principles. Tests on simulated data and references are made. Multiple classifiers are used. The correct classification rate shows, the importance of this tools and its ability to select a best subsets. Generally, the subsets produce a good characterization of classes which the data belong.
TAIMA Proceedings

hal-00634754
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00634754

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
CK chondrites are highly oxidized meteorites containing abundant magnetite and trace amounts of Fe,Ni metal. Although the group is predominately composed of equilibrated meteorites (types 4-6), in recent years a significant number of new samples have been classified as being either CK3 or CK3-anomalous. These unequilibrated CKs often display a close affinity with members of the CV oxidized subgroup. CKs and CVs (oxidized subgroup) may therefore form a continuum and by implication could be derived from a single common parent body. To investigate the relationship between these two groups a detailed study of the oxygen isotope composition, opaque mineralogy and major and trace element geochemistry of a suite of CV and CK chondrites has been undertaken. The results of oxygen isotope analysis confirm the close affinity between CV and CK chondrites, while excluding the possibility of a linkage between the CO and CK groups. Magnetites in both CV and CK chondrites show significant compositional similarities, but high Ti contents are a diagnostic feature of the latter group. The results of major and trace element analysis demonstrate that both CV and CK chondrites show overlapping variation. Supporting evidence for a single common source for both groups comes from their similar cosmic-ray exposure age distributions. Recent reflectance spectral analysis is consistent with both the CVs and CKs being derived from Eos family asteroids, which are believed to have formed by the catastrophic disruption of a single large asteroid. Thus, a range of evidence appears to be consistent with CV and CK chondrites representing samples from a single thermally stratified parent body. In view of the close similarity between CV and CK chondrites some modification of the present classification scheme may be warranted, possibly involving integration of the two groups. One means of achieving this would be to reassigned CK chondrites to a subgroup of the oxidized CVs. It is recognized that a full evaluation of this proposal may require further study of the still poorly understood CK3 chondrites.
ISSN: 0016-7037

hal-00474633
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00474633
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2009.11.029

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
OBJECTIVES: Invasive fungal disease (IFD) remains a major concern in patients with haematological conditions. We describe diagnoses, therapeutic management and outcomes in unselected consecutive patients from haematological facilities treated for suspected or documented IFD. METHODS: In this observational prospective study, children/adults with haematological conditions or haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) were recruited upon start of non-prophylactic systemic antifungal treatment in 37 French haematological facilities (December 2007 to December 2008). IFD episodes were classified according to the 2008 EORTC/MSG criteria. RESULTS: The cohort included 419 patients (298 adults and 121 children): 88% haematological malignancies, 28% HSCT recipients and 68% neutropenic. Patients had 423 IFD episodes: 21% mycologically documented (59% probable/proven aspergillosis, 32% proven candidiasis and 9% probable/proven other IFD) and 20% classified as possible IFD. The remaining cases were assigned to two groups: febrile neutropenia (34%) and unclassified (25%), 9% of which were classified as possible/probable/proven IFD by day 7. Treatment was thus initiated early in 59% of patients; liposomal amphotericin B and caspofungin were the most common single-agent therapies. The 12 week mortality was 18% for probable/proven aspergillosis, 15% for proven candidiasis, 10% for probable/proven other IFD, 9% for possible IFD, 3% for febrile neutropenia and 12% for unclassified episodes (log rank P = 0.016); it was dependent on age, complete remission of underlying haematological disease and mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: In this comprehensive sample of haematological patients receiving antifungal treatment, we observe a widespread resort to early therapy and a low mortality rate, including in patients with probable or proven IFD.
ISSN: 0305-7453

hal-00874741
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00874741
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dks266
PUBMED : 22850692

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD IEEE
Résumé : International audience
In this paper, we present an evolutionary approach for extracting a model of flood prediction from hydrological data observed timely on water heights in a river watershed. Since this kind of data recorded by sensors on river basins is highly scarce and hopefully much unbalanced between cases of floods and non-floods, we have adopted the notion of aggregate variables which values are computed as aggregates on raw data. An evolutionary algorithm is involved to allow selecting the best sets - juries of classifiers- of such variables as predictive variables. Two real hydrological data sets are trained and they both show the efficiency of the method compared to traditional solutions for prediction.
IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation 2012
Brisbane, Australia

hal-00840739
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00840739
DOI : 10.1109/CEC.2012.6252897

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
More and more animal species are endangered. In order to study and protect them, several measures have been taken, which now seem to show their limit. This work focuses on the counting process, a key issue for any project that aims to protect animals. Indeed, this paper proposes an algorithm for automatic counting of singing birds in their habitat by using wireless sensors fitted with microphone. Sensors are used to record audio samples of bird songs. These samples are used to extract some kinds of song fingerprint that are thereafter used to recognize the bird species, through a classification process. Afterwards, by analyzing data which have been collected by a central base, the network structure derived from detection fields of sensors, allows our algorithm to propose an estimate of singing birds in the habitat. This paper details the counting algorithm which uses graph theory and audio inputs comparison. Finally, we demonstrate our scheme efficiency through experimentations.
Local Computer Networks (LCN)
Clearwater, United States

hal-00786165
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00786165
DOI : 10.1109/LCNW.2012.6424060

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Reports on dengue morbidity in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are scarce. Dengue is arthropod-borne viroses due to dengue virus (DENV) and affects populations with a high prevalence of SCD; therefore, the risk of morbidity may be increased.To determine the impact of dengue infection in SCD patients, we reviewed medical records during a vast outbreak of dengue virus serotype-2 (DENV-2) in French Guiana in 2012-2013. We identified 10 cases of laboratory-confirmed dengue infection;these were classified into A, B and C categories based on levels of severity of dengue according to World Health Organisation (WHO). The average age of SCD patients was 18.2 years. 1, 6 and 3 cases were classified as A, B and C WHO severity criteria, respectively. All patients had an important decrease in haematocrit (while one of the WHO severity criteria is the increase of haematocrit). Only one patient had decreased platelet count. Seven cases had vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC), six patients developed acute hepatitis and eight had a simultaneous bacterial infection. Six of them needed a blood transfusion. The results suggested that the WHO severity laboratory criteria of hemoconcentration and platelet counts were not helpful in themanagement of SCD patients. The morbidity was mainly caused by specific complications of SCD, especially VOC, likely facilitated by vascular endothelial damages consecutive to dengue fever, severe haemolysis, hepatitis and bacterial co-infections.
Journal of Virology and Retrovirology

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
inserm-01419456
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01419456
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01419456/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01419456/file/2015%2C%20Mosnier%20-%20Dengue%20infection%20in%20sickle%20cell%20patients%20in%20French%20Guiana.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
This work proposes an original approach using mutual information and Pareto curve jointly for feature selection. Mutual information is used to estimate dependency criterion between features and classes and redundancy criterion between features taken two by two. Unlike some studies, these criteria are used simultaneously to compute Pareto curve and determine the optimal feature sets. This approach is tested on more reference data. Several clustering algorithms are used to compute classification accuracy. The obtained results show the importance of our tools and its ability to select the best feature sets that give the better description.
GRETSI Proceedings
Bordeaux, France

hal-00602260
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00602260

Résumé : After a period of rapid development of the sites (an increase in both reared surface area and production), tropical shrimp aquaculture is currently being faced with critical problems due to economical and ecological constraints. In many countries with favourable conditions for shrimp aquaculture such as indonesia or Vietnam, sites are often badly selected and/or over-exploited. This conducts to sorne extent to decreases or collapses in the production due to the difficulty in predicting the maximum production capacity of the sites. Furthermore, it appears that production sustainability depends on many factors among which socio-economy and ecolo gy are of prime importance. The STD3 project titled « Assessment of tropical shrimp aquaculture impact on the environment in tropical countries using hydrobiology, ecology and remote sensing as helping tools for diagnosis )) was initiated in 1994, with the aim to study the sustainability of marine shrimp aquaculture in tropical areas, main! y Indonesia and Vietnam, through the following tasks: (i) improve site selection and study the impact of aquaculture on marine environments presenting a variable sensitivity to organic sewage, (ii) analyse the socio-economical aspects and profitability of the aquaculture industry and of common resources (iii) use remote sensing and geographical data bases for diagnosis and monitoring of site degradation (iv) reinforce the capacity of Asian scientists through training. Severa! aquaculture sites have been investigated in the Lampung region (South Sumatra, Indonesia), the Mekong delta (Vietnam) and on the West coast of New-Caledonia, providing a large range of typical ecosystems encountered in Asia and in the Pacifie, from coralline sites to coastal plains with mangrove and deltaic areas. The study concerned the spatial structure and seasonal influence of these ecosystems, the temporal variation during the course of the project (3 years) and the relation between the ecological structure and farm productions. Remote sensing provides a synoptic vision over large land expanses. Severa! scenes were processed for landuse mapping using conventional classification techniques. Concerning water quality assessment, a general relation for the Java sea was found between image and field data in terms of total suspended matter. Applying this relation to a new site in Sumatra has provided an initial approach to water type and, together with land use mapping, a preliminary assessment of the suitability of the area to shrimp aquaculture development. Socio-economic research has been focused on the identification ofneeds for collective action, including public policy, in the perspective of shrimp farming sustainability. The main concern is in the regulation of shrimp farming intensification and extensification at the scale of coastal ecosystemic entities in a common property resource management perspective. The common considered here is coastal water quality. Comparing the local development profiles and the institutional grounds for the design and implementation of collective management rules shows that variables such as land tenure system, farm owner socio-economic profile, social homogeneity or heterogeneity of the farmers are key factors to analyse the potential for sustainability. The defmition of water quality and the possible means to ensure its collective management are discussed. The main conclusion is that the economie incentives to farming development are strong but there is no significant difference among traditional, semi-intensive and intensive systems in terms of economie efficiency or wealth distribution. The description of the functioning of the different kinds of ecosystems make it possible to give an advice concerning the positioning of the activity inside the ecosystem, and furthermore to have a reference state in order to determine the impact of the activity on the coastal environnement. This impact can be summarized as an increase in the concentration of total suspended matt€?r, of particulate organic matter and of sulfate reducing bacterias. This organic ma~.er is either issued from rearing activities or from telluric origine, due to mangrove eradication when building the ponds. An evaluation of the relationship existing between productivity and characteristics of each ecosystem bas been conducted by correlating ecological indicators data (concentration of total suspended matter, particulate organic matter, chlorophyll, percentage of pheopigments in total pigments and cyanobacteria and sulfatereducing bacteria in water and sediments) with the average production of the farms. This comparison lead to the compilation of a scale of observed production integrating the range of these environmental parameters with shrimp production levels, bound to facilitate the positioning of shrimp farming in relation with the confmement leve! of each ecosystem. Lastly, ali geographie data originated from the various compartments of the study have been geo-referenced and loaded into a geographical information system. This allows to display any query made on spatial variables and their related statistical data, including the ir variations over the last few years and to reveal patterns and phenomena otherwise not obvious.
Le programme mis en oeuvre par la DRV (Paris, CREMA-L'Houmeau, DELIAO Brest, COP Tahiti, GIE/RA Nouvelle Calédonie), dans le cadre d'un projet européen STD3 «(Sciences et Technique au Service du Développement», en collaboration avec l'Université de Montpellier II, l'Ecole Nationale d'Agronomie de Rennes, l'ITC (Hollande), l'Institut Océanographique de Nha Trang (Vietnam), le BADC de Jepara et le BPPT de Jakarta (Indonésie), avait pour but la mise au point de méthodes permettant d'améliorer la sélection des sites ainsi que le suivi du développement et de l'impact de l'aquaculture des crevettes Péneides en milieu tropical pour éviter la surexploitation. Quatre axes de recherche ont été défmis : a) identifier la nature et quantifier les rejets de déchets issus de ce type d'aquaculture, b) définir les caractéristiques écologiques des écosystèmes susceptibles d'accueillir l'activité aquacole et suivre leur évolution sous l'influence des rejets, c) déterminer l'influence de la gestion des fermes et des ressources (aspects économiques) sur les performances de productivité, d) déterminer la capacité de la télédétection comme outil de diagnostic d'impact à l'échelle de la région, e) mener un programme de formation d'étudiants et jeunes chercheurs Vietnamiens et Indonésiens.

Droits : 1998 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00132/24357/22357.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00132/24357/

Résumé : Ce travail vise à mettre en place un système de fusion de sources d'information basé sur la Théorie des Fonctions de Croyance (TFC) et adapté aux contextes des images forestières. La TFC engendre des temps de calcul importants lorsque la cardinalité du cadre de discernement devient grande. Ainsi, nous avons proposé en premier lieu une méthode de réduction du référentiel de définition permettant d'éviter l'explosion combinatoire en restreignant le calcul sur les hypothèses estimées pertinentes et déterminées à partir des histogrammes des classes issues de la phase d'apprentissage. Ensuite, nous avons proposé des techniques d'estimation de fonctions de masse spectrales, texturales, contextuelles et structurelles. L'information multi-fractale a été utilisée comme signature de texture, ainsi l'image de Hôlder a constitué une source d'information pour l'estimation de la masse texturale. Un autre apport consiste à proposer une approche de transfert de masse basée sur l'information contextuelle, en exploitant l'image des couronnes d'arbres comme une source déduite. L'implémentation d'algorithmes de détection de couronnes d'arbres nous a permis d'extraire des mesures sur les couronnes que nous avons utilisées en tant qu'attributs pour l'estimation des fonctions de masse. Nos expérimentations montrent des taux de classification assez satisfaisants et une adéquation de notre approche de fusion à une classification à l'arbre près
This thesis aims to develop an information source fusion system based on belief functions theory (BFT) and adapted t forest images context (especially high resolution images). Applications of BFT to image classification result in th assignment of each image point to a c1ass or a subset of classes based on the mass functions estimation expressing th belief of an event. BFT leads to significant computation time when the cardinality of the set of definition become large. Thus, we first proposed a method to reduce the frame of discernment in order te avoid the combinatorial explosio by restricting the calculation on the hypotheses of the set of definition deduced from the classes histograms determine from the learning phase. Then, we proposed spectral, texturai, contextual and structural mass functions technique estimation. Multi-fractal information was used as texture signature and Hôlder image has been a source ( information for estimating the texturai mass. Another contribution is the integration of trees crowns image as derive source and the proposai of an approach to mass transfer based on contextual information inside and outside a crown. Th implementation of detection trees crowns algorithms allowed us to extract measurements on trees. These measurement are used as attributes for mass functions estimation. Our experiments and comparisons with other methods show quit satisfactory classification rate with spectral and textural approaches and adequacy of our fusion approach to contextu and structural information for trees classification

http://www.theses.fr/2011AGUY0434/document

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The aim of this study was to examine the heart rate (HR) response to Olympic windsurfing competition and to check if there was any correlation between racing HR, performance, and the variables measured during laboratory maximal exercise. Ten elite windsurfers [age: 20.93 (3.46) years; height: 178.10 (6.34) cm; body mass: 66.79 (5.90) kg] performed a laboratory maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) trial and national windsurf competitions wearing a HR monitor. One hundred and forty-three individual races were examined. Racing HR was expressed as a percentage of (1) HRmax (maximal treadmill HR) and (2) HRreserve (HRmax)HRrest). The performance (racing classification: RC, which is inversely proportional to performance) was significantly correlated to the racing HR response in both light wind (LW): LW)RC=)0.12(%HRreserve)+13.03; r=)0.71, r2=0.50, p<0.001, and medium wind (MW): MW)RC=)0.11(%HRreserve)+10.99; r=)0.66, r2=0.43, p<0.001. The results showed similar correlations between performance and %HRmax. Post racing lactate concentration was higher in LW compared to MW [7.14 (0.21) and 5.18 (2.02) mmolÆl)1, respectively]. There was a negative correlation between the highest racing HR (%HRreserve) of each athlete and the second ventilatory threshold expressed as a percentage of VO2max (r=-0.71, p<0.05). To summarize, this study showed that light and medium wind Olympic windsurfing performances are highly dependent on the capacity of the athlete to maintain a high HR for long periods of time. Furthermore, windsurfing is highly dependent on the athlete's physical fitness level as shown by the correlations between racing HRs and laboratory physiological variables.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY

hal-00720564
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720564
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720564/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720564/file/Chamari_Wind_surf_and_Heart_rat.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : National audience
Des expériences dans un bassin de 30 m x 30 m ont été réalisées dans l'objectif de caractériser la dynamique d'un courant d'arrachement et les évolutions morphologiques associées. La plage de sable fin (diamètre médian 166 microns) couvrait la largeur du bassin (30 m en longshore ) pour un profil total de 20 m cross-shore . La formation de courants sagittaux a été forcée par une houle frontale (spectre de Jonswap) avec un déficit d'énergie au centre du bassin. Une séquence accrétive complète de plage intermédiaire à simple barre (selon classification de WRIGHT & SHORT, 1984) a été reproduite. La barre s'est progressivement tridimensionnalisée en forme de croissant puis s'est connectée au haut de plage avec la présence de deux chenaux profonds qui se sont ensuite comblés pour obtenir une plage à terrasse au bout de plusieurs dizaines d'heures. L'association des mesures hydrodynamiques et morphodynamiques montre que le comblement des chenaux est alimenté par le haut de plage.
XI èmes Journées Nationales Génie Côtier - Génie Civil
Sables d'Olonne, France

hal-00861953
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00861953

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
Background: Two antifibrotic drugs, pirfenidone and nintedanib, are approved by the European Medicines Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In this analysis, treatment patterns of European patients with IPF were investigated to understand antifibrotic prescribing and identify unmet needs in IPF treatment practice. Methods: Between February and March 2016, respiratory physicians from France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK participated in an online questionnaire designed to collect information on IPF treatment patterns in patients under their care. Patients were categorized as treated (received approved antifibrotics) or untreated (did not receive approved antifibrotics, but may have received other unapproved therapies). Classification of IPF diagnosis (confirmed/suspected) and severity ('mild'/'moderate'/'severe') for each patient was based on the individual physician's report. Patients' perspectives were not recorded in this study. Results: In total, 290 physicians responded to the questionnaire. Overall, 54% of patients with IPF did not receive treatment with an approved antifibrotic. More patients had a confirmed IPF diagnosis in the treated (84%) versus the untreated (51%) population. Of patients with a confirmed diagnosis, 40% did not receive treatment. The treated population was younger than the untreated population (67 vs 70 years, respectively; p = 0.01), with more frequent multidisciplinary team evaluation (83% vs 57%, respectively; p = 0.01). A higher proportion of untreated patients had forced vital capacity > 80% at diagnosis versus treated patients. Of patients with 'mild' IPF, 71% did not receive an approved antifibrotic versus 41% and 60% of patients with 'moderate' and 'severe' IPF, respectively. Conclusions: Despite the availability of antifibrotic therapies, many European patients with confirmed IPF do not receive approved antifibrotic treatment. Importantly, there appears to be a reluctance to treat patients with 'mild' or 'stable' disease, and instead adopt a 'watch and wait' approach. More education is required to address diagnostic uncertainty, poor understanding of IPF and its treatments, and issues of treatment access. There is a need to increase physician awareness of the benefits associated with antifibrotic treatment across the spectrum of IPF severity.
ISSN: 1471-2466

hal-01616061
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01616061
DOI : 10.1186/s12890-017-0468-5
PUBMED : 28915874