Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Previous studies have reported respiratory, cardiac and muscle changes at rest in triathletes 24 h after completion of the event. To examine the effects of these changes on metabolic and cardioventilatory variables during exercise, eight male triathletes of mean age 21.1 (SD 2.5) years (range 17-26 years) performed an incremental cycle exercise test (IET) before (pre) and the day after (post) an official classic triathlon (1.5-km swimming, 40-km cycling and 10-km running). The IET was performed using an electromagnetic cycle ergometer. Ventilatory data were collected every minute using a breath-by-breath automated system and included minute ventilation (V(E)), oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), respiratory exchange ratio, ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (V(E)/VO2) and for carbon dioxide (V(E)/VCO2), breathing frequency and tidal volume. Heart rate (HR) was monitored using an electrocardiogram. The oxygen pulse was calculated as VO2/HR. Arterialized blood was collected every 2 min throughout IET and the recovery period, and lactate concentration was measured using an enzymatic method. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was determined using conventional criteria. Ventilatory threshold (VT) was determined using the V-slope method formulated earlier. Cardioventilatory variables were studied during the test, at the point when the subject felt exhausted and during recovery. Results indicated no significant differences (P > 0.05) in VO2max [62.6 (SD 5.9) vs 64.6 (SD 4.8) ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)], VT [2368 (SD 258) vs 2477 (SD 352) ml x min(-1)] and time courses of VO2 between the pre- versus post-triathlon sessions. In contrast, the time courses of HR and blood lactate concentration reached significantly higher values (P < 0.05) in the pre-triathlon session. We concluded that these triathletes when tested 24 h after a classic triathlon displayed their pre-event aerobic exercise capacity, bud did not recover pretriathlon time courses in HR or blood lactate concentration.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY

hal-00720432
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720432
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720432/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720432/file/Article_2.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
A reactive percolation experiment was conducted by injecting seawater into a permeable olivine aggregate at 190 °C and 19 MPa to explore the relationships between hydration reactions and hydrodynamic properties during the onset of serpentinization in the ultramafic lithosphere exposed at mid-ocean ridges. The experiment was stopped after 23 days when the sample became impermeable. The initial flow rate was 0.2 mL/h and then was decreased down to 0.06 mL/h after 8 days. Permeability decreased continuously throughout the experiment. The analyses of fluid chemistry time series and of the mineralogy and structure of the reacted sample showed olivine dissolution and precipitation of proto-serpentine, brucite and Fe-oxides. These reactions are controlled by coupled hydrodynamic and chemical processes interacting at different time and spatial scales. Their first characteristic is the production of silica rich outlet fluids in disequilibrium with the observed reacted mineral assemblages. These compositions are interpreted as resulting from a suite of coupled dissolution-precipitation reactions, controlled at the pore scale by surface kinetic processes, that rapidly reaches steady-state (constant fluid composition independent of fluid flux). Hence, the effective rate of serpentinization was controlled, to the first order, by the transport of reactants during the experiment. Mass balance calculations show that the rate of olivine conversion was fast (0.2-0.5 wt%/day), yet only ∼8 wt% of the olivine sample reacted, because the permeability drop limited fluid circulation. Porosity varied little during the experiment compared to permeability changes: the decrease of permeability was explained by the structure of the newly formed serpentine favouring the clogging of fluid paths. The rate at which permeability decreased was the fastest at low flux conditions. This suggests that permeability changes were not controlled simply by the kinetics of the serpentinization reactions, but mainly reflected the development of low Peclet pore scale zones forming micro-environments that control the serpentinization reaction-paths. These results outline the need to take into account the coupling of hydrodynamic and chemical processes when modelling the effects of reactive transport within the hydrating oceanic lithosphere.
ISSN: 0012-821X

hal-00855043
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00855043
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.03.052

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : The Nephrops trawl fishery is one of the most important fisheries in the Bay of Biscay. The fishery management essentially relies on conservation measures, a total at I owed catch (TAC) for Nephrops together with a mini mum landing size (MLS) and minimum trawl mesh size (70 mm stretched mesh). These measures have failed to prevent high discard levels of many species that characterize the fishery. Nephrops trawlers thus discard about half of their Nephrops catches in numbers (a third in weight) of which only 30% survive. Nephrops discards mainly occur in younger Nephrops age groups below the MLS. This is a waste for the already overexploited Nephrops stock as well as for the fleet. Based on a bio-economic simulation model, the paper analyses the consequences of several scenarios of improving Nephrops selectivity. The potential impacts of these scenarios on Nephrops biomass, landings, discards and economic indicators (e.g. rent) are examined and a cost-benefit analysis of each scenario is carried out. We show that a better exploitation pattern would benefit fisheries that have high level of discards. Reducing non-commercial Nephrops discards leads to positive net present values of rent with better value realized from the production potential and limited short-term losses for the fishing units. By taking account of the economic dynamics of increasing effort however, we show that selectivity measures are insufficient. Regulating access to the fishery is also required to ensure the sustainability of the fishery and a better exploitation of the production potential. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Fisheries Research (0165-7836) (Elsevier), 2008-07 , Vol. 92 , N. 1 , P. 76-89

Droits : 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-4478.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.fishres.2007.12.021
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4478/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Society for Microbiology
Résumé : International audience
Molecular diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis or disseminated toxoplasmosis is based mainly on PCR. The repeated DNA element rep529 has become the main DNA target used in most PCR methods, whether laboratory developed or commercial. In this multicenter study, we evaluated the Toxoplasma ELITe MGB (Elitech) commercial kit by comparison with three reference quantitative PCR assays (RAs) used routinely in three proficient laboratories of the French National Reference Center for Toxoplasmosis network, using Toxoplasma calibrated suspensions diluted to obtain a range of concentrations from 0.1 to 10,000 parasites/ml. These suspensions were extracted with either the DNA extraction kit (EXTRAblood; Elitech) recommended by the manufacturer or the QIAamp DNA minikit (Qiagen). The Toxoplasma ELITe MGB assay was also evaluated on a panel of 128 clinical samples, including 56 amniotic fluid samples, 55 placenta samples, and various other samples, of which 95 originated from patients with proven toxoplasmosis. The ELITe MGB assay amplified low-concentration replicates (<10 parasites/ml) of calibrated suspensions less frequently than the RAs of 2/3 laboratories. Additionally, the combination of EXTRAblood and Toxoplasma ELITe MGB yielded poorer sensitivity than the combination of QIAamp DNA minikit and ELITe MGB for low parasite concentrations (P < 0.001 for 1 parasite/ml). On clinical samples, the sensitivity and the specificity of the commercial assay were 89% and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity ranged from 79% (placenta samples) to 100% (amniotic fluid samples). Overall, this study shows that the Toxoplasma ELITe MGB assay is suitable for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis from non-cell-rich or non-hemoglobin-rich samples and that the EXTRAblood kit is not optimal.
ISSN: 0095-1137

hal-01526432
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01526432
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01526432/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01526432/file/Evaluation%20of%20the%20Toxoplasma.pdf
DOI : 10.1128/JCM.02379-16

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD MDPI
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 2072-4292

hal-01429052
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01429052
DOI : 10.3390/rs4103244

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
We assessed the occurrence of algae in five species of tank-bromeliads found in contrasting environmental sites in a Neotropical, primary rainforest around the Nouragues Research Station, French Guiana. The distributions of both algal abundance and biomass were examined based on physical parameters, the morphological characteristics of bromeliad species and with regard to the structure of other aquatic microbial communities held in the tanks. Algae were retrieved in all of the bromeliad species with mean densities ranging from ∼10(2) to 10(4) cells/mL. Their biomass was positively correlated to light exposure and bacterial biomass. Algae represented a tiny component of the detrital food web in shaded bromeliads but accounted for up to 30 percent of the living microbial carbon in the tanks of Catopsis berteroniana, located in a highly exposed area. Thus, while nutrient supplies are believed to originate from wind-borne particles and trapped insects (i.e., allochtonous organic matter), our results indicate that primary producers (i.e., autochtonous organic matter) are present in this insectivorous bromeliad. Using a 24-h incubation of size-fractionated and manipulated samples from this plant, we evaluated the impact of mosquito foraging on algae, other microorganisms and rotifers. The prey assemblages were greatly altered by the predation of mosquito larvae. Grazing losses indicated that the dominant algal taxon, Bumilleriopsis sp., like protozoa and rotifers, is a significant part of the diet of mosquito larvae. We conclude that algae are a relevant functional community of the aquatic food web in C. berteroniana and might form the basis of a complementary non-detrital food web.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-00819161
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00819161
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00819161/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00819161/file/Brouard2011_AreAlgae.pdf
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0020129

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Diffusion parameters for HTO, 36Cl−, and 125I− were determined on Upper Toarcian argillite samples from the Tournemire Underground Research Laboratory (Aveyron, France) using the through diffusion technique. The direction of diffusion was parallel to the bedding plane. The purpose of the present study was 3-fold; it was intended (i) to confirm the I− interaction with Upper Toarcian argillite and to verify the effects of initial I− concentration on this affinity, as previously observed by means of radial diffusion experiments, (ii) to highlight any discrepancy between Cl− and I− diffusivity, and (iii) to investigate the effect of an increase of the ionic strength of the solution on the anionic tracers' diffusive behaviour. The results show that the effective diffusion coefficient (De) and diffusion accessible porosity (εa) values obtained with an ionic strength (I.S.) synthetic pore water of 0.01 eq L−1 are: De = 2.35-2.50 × 10−11 m2 s−1 and εa = 12.0-15.0% for HTO, and De = 14.5-15.5 × 10−13 m2 s−1 and εa = 2.5-2.9% for 36Cl−. Because of anionic exclusion effects, anions diffuse slower and exhibit smaller diffusion accessible porosities than HTO, taken as a water tracer. The associated effective diffusion coefficient (De) and rock capacity factor (α) obtained for 125I are: De = 7.00-8.60 × 10−13 m2 s−1 and α = 4.3-7.2%. Such values make it possible to calculate low 125I distribution ratios (0.0057 < RD < 0.0192 mL g−1) which confirm the trend indicating that the 125I rock capacity factor increases with the decrease of the initial I− concentration. Additional through-diffusion experiments were carried out with a higher ionic strength synthetic pore water (I.S. = 0.11 eq L−1). No evolution of HTO diffusion parameters was observed. The anionic tracers' effective diffusion coefficient increased by a factor of two but no clear evolution of their accessible porosity was observed. Such a paradox could be related to the particularly small mean pore size of the Upper Toarcian argillite of Tournemire. The most significant finding of this study is the large discrepancy (factor of two) between the values of the effective diffusion coefficient for 125I and 36Cl. Whatever the ionic strength of the synthetic solution used, 125I exhibited De values two times lower than those of 36Cl. A detailed explanation for this difference cannot be given at present even if a hypothesis based on ion-pairing or on steric-exclusion cannot be excluded. This makes questionable the assumption usually made for quantifying 125I sorption and postulating that 36Cl and 125I would diffuse in the same porosity. In other terms, at Tournemire, 125I sorption could be more pronounced than previously indicated.
ISSN: 0883-2927

hal-00757749
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00757749
DOI : 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.12.017

Résumé : Written on verso: "Street scene in Camagüey chiefly interesting because it shows the narrow elevated sidewalks, the wooden windows peculiar largely to this old city."
1900-1920
CHC5017
Camagüey (Cuba)

Droits : http://merrick.library.miami.edu/digitalprojects/copyright.html
chc50170003850001001
1369

Éditeur(s) : Actes de colloques. Ifremer Brest [ACTES COLLOQ. IFREMER.]. 1986
Résumé : Bacterial density of the coelenteric fluid (CF) of some anthozoan species was determined in situ and under laboratory conditions. In all species examined bacterial density of the CF was higher in the gastral cavity than in ambient ranging from 10 super(5) up to 5 x 10 super(6) cells. ml super(-1). Incubation experiments with the CF indicate that a bacterial population within the coelenteron is efficiently controlled by the CF, favoring bacterial growth if bacterial densities are low in the CF and showing clearance activity at high bacterial densities. Feeding of pre-starved anthozoans caused a rapid response of coelenteric rod-shaped bacteria. Evidence is presented that coelenteric bacteria are digested periodically although they contribute 1% to the respiratory carbon losses of the antozoans tested. Therefore, it is more likely that the coelenteric bacterial population provide other substances which cannot be synthesized by the host.
La densité des bactéries du fluide gastrique de différents anthozoaires a été déterminée in situ et au laboratoire. Pour toutes les espèces étudiées, la densité des bactéries dans le fluide gastrique était plus élevée que dans l'eau ambiante et comprise entre 105et 106 cellules m"1. Des expériences d'incubation du fluide gastrique montrent que la population bactérienne est contrôlée efficacement par ce fluide gastrique, favorisant la croissance de bactéries lorsque la densité est faible mais révélant des activités de digestion lorsque la densité est élevée. En nourrissant des anthozoaires mis àjeun plusieurs jours, on provoque une réaction rapide des bactéries déforme bacillaire. Certaines observations montrent que les bactéries gastriques se développent et sont digérées par cycle dans le coelenteron. Néanmoins, la contribution en carbone de ces dernières, comparée aux pertes d'énergie par Sa respiration, représenterait moins de i ','-£. li est probable que cette population bactérienne fournisse des substances qui ne peuvent être synthétisées par i'hôte.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1984/acte-989.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/989/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
Growth hormone (GH) may stimulate water loss during exercise by activating sweating. This study investigated GH secretion and water loss during sequential cycling and running, taking postural changes into account. The two exercise segments had similar durations and were performed at the same relative intensity to determine their respective contributions to water loss and the plasma volume variation noted in such trials. Eight elite triathletes first performed an incremental cycle test to assess maximal oxygen consumption. Then, the triathletes performed one of two trials in randomized order: constant submaximal cycling followed by treadmill running (C 1 –R 2) or an inversed succession of running followed by cycling (R 1 –C 2). Each segment of both trials was performed for 20 minutes at ,75% of maximal oxygen consumption. The second trial, reversing the segment order of the first trial, took place two weeks later. During cycling, the triathletes used their own bicycles equipped with a profiled handlebar. Blood sampling (for GH concentrations, plasma viscosity and plasma volume variation) was conducted at rest and after each segment while water loss was estimated from the post-and pre-measures. GH increases were significantly lower in R 2 than C 2 (72.2650.1 vs. 164.06157 ng.ml 21 .min 21 , respectively; P,0.05). Water loss was significantly lower after C 1 –R 2 than R 1 –C 2 (11056163 and 12356153 ml, respectively; P,0.05). Plasma volume variation was significantly negative in C 1 and R 1 (26.1562.0 and 23.1665.0%, respectively; P,0.05), not significant in C 2 , and significantly positive for seven subjects in R 2 (4.0563.1%). We concluded that the lower GH increases in R 2 may have contributed to the smaller reduction in plasma volume by reducing sweating. Moreover, this lower GH response could be explained by the postural change during the transition from cycling to running. We recommend to pay particular attention to their hydration status during R 1 which could limit a potential dehydration during C 2 .
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-01136734
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01136734
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01136734/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01136734/file/Galy%20et%20al.%20-%202014%20-%20Sequential%20exercise%20in%20triathletes%20Variations%20in%20GH%20and%20water%20loss.pdf
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0096145

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
Banana has been a main agricultural product in the French West Indies (Guadeloupe and Martinique) since the 1960s. This crop requires the intensive use of pesticides to prevent attacks by insect pests. Chlorinated pesticides, such as hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), chlordecone and dieldrin, were used until the beginning of the 1990s, resulting in a generalized diffuse contamination of the soil and water in the areas of banana production, hence the need to develop solutions for cleanup of the polluted sites. The aims of this work were (i) to assess lindane degradation in soil slurry microcosms treated with lindane at 10 mg/L and (ii) to detect the catabolic genes involved in the HCH degradation pathway. The soil slurry microcosm system showed a 40 % lindane degradation efficiency at the end of a 30-day experiment. Lower lindane removal was also detected in the abiotic controls, probably caused by pesticide adsorption to soil particles. Indeed, the lindane concentration decreased from 6000 to 1330 ng/mL and from 800 to 340 ng/mL for the biotic and abiotic soils, respectively. Nevertheless, some of the genes involved in the HCH degradation pathway were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from crude deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from the Guadeloupe agricultural soil, suggesting that HCH degradation is probably mediated by bacteria closely related to the family Sphingomonadaceae.
ISSN: 0944-1344

hal-01545905
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01545905
DOI : 10.1007/s11356-015-5875-7

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Academy of Neurology
Résumé : International audience
OBJECTIVE: We examined if the CNS Penetration-Effectiveness (CPE) score of antiretroviral drugs was associated with survival after a diagnosis of HIV-related encephalopathy, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), cerebral toxoplasmosis, or cryptococcal meningitis. METHODS: Using data from the FHDH-ANRS CO4, we compared the survival of 9,932 HIV-infected patients diagnosed with a first neurologic AIDS-defining event in the pre-combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) (1992-1995), early cART (1996-1998), or late cART (1999-2004) periods. Follow-up was subdivided (CPE < 1.5 and CPE ≥ 1.5), and relative rates (RR) of death were estimated using multivariable Poisson regression models. RESULTS: In the pre-cART and early cART periods, regimens with CPE ≥ 1.5 were associated with lower mortality after HIV-related encephalopathy (RR 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47-0.86 and RR 0.45; 95% CI 0.35-0.58) and after PML (RR 0.79; 95% CI 0.55-1.12 and RR 0.45; 95% CI 0.31-0.65), compared to regimens with CPE < 1.5, while in the late cART period there was no association between the CPE score and the mortality. A higher CPE score was also associated with a lower mortality in all periods after cerebral toxoplasmosis (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.56-0.84) or cryptococcal meningitis (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.34-0.74). Whatever the neurologic event, these associations were not maintained after adjustment on updated plasma HIV-RNA (missing, <500, ≥500 copies/mL) with RR ranging from 0.82 (95% CI 0.36-1.91) to 1.02 (0.69-1.52). CONCLUSION: At the beginning of the cART era, the CPE score was of importance for survival after severe neurologic event, while in the late cART period, the additional effect of CPE score vanished with more powerful antiretroviral regimens associated with plasma viral load control.
ISSN: 0028-3878

hal-00875434
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875434
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31820c3089
PUBMED : 21248274

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
Résumé : International audience
Among 103 patients with multidrug-resistant HIV who initiated raltegravir, etravirine, and darunavir/ritonavir-containing regimen in the ANRS 139 TRIO trial, 100 participated in extended follow-up and continued study treatment until week 96. Among them, 87 (87%) received an optimized background therapy including either nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors or enfuvirtide, they were 78 (78%) at week 96. At week 96, 88% achieved durable virologic response (<50 copies/mL). CD4 response was maintained (median change of +150 cells/mm(3)). No major toxicity was reported. This triple drug combination showed sustained efficacy and thus should be strongly considered for patients with multiclass-resistant virus.
ISSN: 1525-4135

hal-00875207
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875207
DOI : 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31824bb720
PUBMED : 22293546

Résumé : Les systèmes d'élevage des petits ruminants au pâturage sont les plus répandus en zone tropicale humide mais l'exposition aux strongles gastro-intestinaux entraîne des pertes importantes de production. L'objectif de ce travail est d'évaluer un système de gestion mixte du pâturage associant diverses espèces animales permettant à priori d'accroître les performances via la réduction du parasitisme et!ou une meilleure alimentation. L'étude de la littérature a conduit à une méta-analyse confirmant de meilleures performances individuelles ou à l'hectare pour les ovins en mixte. Préalablement un dispositif visant à vérifier la non-transmission des larves d'Haemonchus contortus des caprinsaux génisses Créoles a été validé. Un second dispositif avec des chevrettes conduites en mixte, infestées ou pas par Haemonchus comortus (Ml et MnI) ont été comparées à des chevrettes contrôles infestées ou non (CI et CnI). Ce dispositif a été conduit pendant 2 ans avec des mesures du couvert pâturé, des mesures individuelles des quantités ingérées, de la digestibilité, du parasitisme et de la croissance. De plus fortes croissances ont étéobservées en pâturage mixte que les chevrettes soient infestées ou pas (43.25 et 31.68 glj pour MDI et MI vs. 32.44 et 17.91 glj) avec une moindre biomasse. Les mesures d'ingestion et d'ingéré digéré ont été corrélées aux croissances des chevrettes contrairement aux variables parasitaires et met en évidence le rôle de l'alimentation et de la résilience dans le bénéfice du pâturage mixte. Une autre gestion intégrée du pâturage a été étudiée basée sur l'utilisation du vermicompost et s' ant sur les mêmes leviers d'action: l'alimentation et le itisme
Systems of small ruminant grazing are most prevalent in the humid tropics but this environment exposes animals to gastro-intestinal with production losses. The objective ofthis thesis is to evaluate a system ofmixed management ofthe pasture combining various animal species, which allows a priori to increase animal performance by reducing the parasitism and/or better nutrition. The study of literature bas led to a meta-analysis confirming the better individual performances or calculated per ha for sheep reared mixed. The first experiment validated the non-transmission of Iarvae ofHaemonchus contortus from goats to heifers. In a second experiment, goats mixed with heifers, infested or not with Haemonchus contortus (Ml vs MnI) were compared with controls goats, reared alone, infested or not (CI and CNI). This deviee with a continuous driving was studied for two years with measurements on the sward, individual measures of intake, digestibility, parasitism and growth ofthe goats. The highest growth rates were measured with the mixed pasture as goats are infested or not (43.25 and 31.68 g / d for MN! and MI vs. 32.44 and 17,91 g / d) with lower biomass. The herbage intake and the digested herbage intake were well correlated to the growth rate, unIike parasitic variables, and highlight the role of diet in the benefit of mixed driving for goats. Therefore, the infested goats with Haemonchus, expressed greater resilience with improved growth performance compared with controls. Parallel to the study ofmixed pasture, another integrated management of grazing was studied, based on the use of vermicompost and relying on the same levers. namelv throuzh feedinz and parasitism

http://www.theses.fr/2012AGUY0537/document

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : National audience
Introduction-objectifsBien que la prise en charge de personnes vivant avec le VIH (PVVIH) s’améliore globalement en Guyane, les disparités régionales et communautaires restent importantes. L’objectif est ici de décrire pour la première fois les caractéristiques épidémiologiques, spatiales et cliniques des PVVIH suivies en zones isolées. Matériels et MéthodesLes données présentées sont issues du suivi clinique réalisé en Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins (CDPS) de janvier 2014 à novembre 2015. Ces données ont été analysées et comparées aux données des PVVIH suivis dans les 3 centres hospitaliers de Guyane issues du logiciel Nadis®.Résultats 174 PVVIH ont étés pris en charge en CDPS et comparés à 2143 patients suivis sur le littoral. L’évolution du taux annuel de découvertes de séropositivité VIH montre une arrivée plus tardive mais particulièrement active en zones isolées par rapport au littoral, notamment chez les patients d’origine brésilienne (p<0,005). L’âge médian est de 43,8 ans, le sex ratio homme/femme est de 0,98. En zone isolées comme sur le littoral 1/3 des PVVIH sont dépistés tardivement (<200 CD4/mm3). Le succès virologiques après 6 mois de traitement est de 80% vs 88% sur le littoral (p=0,135), la moyenne des derniers CD4 (424 vs 569/mm3) est plus basse que sur le littoral (p<0,005) enfin la charge virale moyenne est plus élevée que sur le littoral (8960 vs 5317 copies /mL) (p<0,005). L’histoplasmose est la première cause d’infection opportuniste retrouvée. La répartition spatiale des patients suivis montre une incidence et prévalence de cas particulièrement élevée dans les villes frontalières charnières que constituent Maripasoula et Saint Georges de l’Oyapock. ConclusionLe caractère particulièrement actif et original de l’épidémie et les indicateurs de suivi moins bons que sur le littoral rappellent l’importance de compléter les moyens de la prise en charge des PVVIH en zones isolées en Guyane.
SFLS 2016 - XVIIème Congrès de la Société française de lutte contre le sida
Montpellier, France

inserm-01475954
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01475954
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01475954/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01475954/file/2016%2C%20Mosnier%20-%20Les%20p%C3%A9riph%C3%A9ries%20de%20l%27%C3%A9pid%C3%A9mie%20de%20VIH%20en%20Guyane.pdf

Éditeur(s) : [s.n.] ( Paris )
Résumé : "Par ordre de Mle Duc de Choiseul Colonel General des Suisses et Grissons Ministre de la Guerre et de la Marine M.DCC.LXIV.
(Funding) Funded in part by the University of Florida, the Florida Heritage Project of the State University Libraries of Florida, the Institute for Museum and Library Services, and the U.S. Department of Education's TICFIA granting program.
Haiti
Dominican Republic
Haiti
West Indies
Hispaniola
Dominican Republic
Haiti
West Indies
Dominican Republic
Hispaniola
West Indies
Haiti
Hispaniola
Dominican Republic

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002357171
1045
ALW1608
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00005028/00001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
Purpose: This study compares the effects of neutral temperature, cold and ice-slush beverages, with and without 0.5% menthol on cycling performance, core temperature (T co) and stress responses in a tropical climate (hot and humid conditions). Methods: Twelve trained male cyclists/triathletes completed six 20-km exercise trials against the clock in 30.7uC60.8uC and 78%60.03% relative humidity. Before and after warm-up, and before exercise and every 5 km during exercise, athletes drank 190 mL of either aromatized (i.e., with 0.5 mL of menthol (5 gr/L)) or a non-aromatized beverage (neutral temperature: 23uC60.1uC, cold: 3uC60.1uC, or ice-slush: 21uC60.7uC). During the trials, heart rate (HR) was continuously monitored, whereas core temperature (T co), thermal comfort (TC), thermal sensation (TS) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured before and after warm-up, every 5 km of exercise, and at the end of exercise and after recovery. Results: Both the beverage aroma (P,0.02) and beverage temperature (P,0.02) had significant and positive effects on performance, which was considerably better with ice-slush than with a neutral temperature beverage, whatever the aroma (P,0.002), and with menthol vs non-menthol (P,0.02). The best performances were obtained with ice-slush/menthol and cold/menthol, as opposed to neutral/menthol. No differences were noted in HR and T co between trials. Conclusion: Cold water or ice-slush with menthol aroma seems to be the most effective beverage for endurance exercise in a tropical climate. Further studies are needed to explore its effects in field competition.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-01135125
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01135125
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01135125/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01135125/file/Riera%20et%20al.%20-%202014%20-%20Physical%20and%20perceptual%20cooling%20with%20beverages%20to%20increase%20cycle%20performance%20in%20a%20tropical%20climate%284%29.pdf
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0103718

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The aim of this study was to optimize the extraction and characterization of lycopene, a carotenoid, from a tropical fruit, Psidium guajava L. and to demonstrate its health benefits. Deionised water, mixed with organic solvents, was used for extraction, and the depletion stage was reached in order to define the number of extractions needed to extract most of the lycopene. Optimum extraction was achieved with petroleum ether combined with guava puree:deionised water ratio of 40% using 15 ml of water. Four extractions were a satisfactory compromise to maximize the amount of lycopene recovered and to minimize the use of organic solvent. Excellent purification of lycopene was obtained by HPLC-VIS detection (470 nm) with acetonitrile/methanol/tetrahydrofuran mobile phase. Characterization was confirmed by FTIR analysis. A modification of the DPPH test made it possible to assess the EC50, thereby ranking lycopene among good antioxidants. As Psidium guajava is already widely used in the food industry, these results support claims for health benefits for products derived from guava.
ISSN: 23192399

hal-01672063
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01672063
DOI : 10.9790/2402-1104016773

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
This study aimed to identify factors associated with virological response (VR) to raltegravir (RAL)-containing regimens in 468 treatment-experienced but integrase inhibitor-naive HIV-1 patients receiving a RAL-containing regimen. VR was defined at Month 6 (M6) as HIV-1 RNA viral load (VL) <50 copies/mL. The impacts on VR of baseline integrase mutations, VL, CD4 count, genotypic sensitivity score for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors, and the number of new antiretrovirals used for the first time associated with RAL were investigated. For patients with VL >50 copies/mL at M6, integrase mutations selected were characterised. Median baseline VL was 4.2 log(10)copies/mL (IQR 3.3-4.9 log(10) copies/mL) and CD4 count was 219 cells/mm(3) (IQR 96-368 cells/mm(3)). At M6, 71% of patients were responders. In multivariate analysis, baseline VL and CD4 count and ≥ 2 new antiretrovirals among darunavir, etravirine, maraviroc and enfuvirtide were associated with VR to RAL. Neither HIV-1 subtype nor baseline integrase polymorphisms were associated with VR to RAL. Among 63 failing patients at M6, selection of ≥ 1 change in the integrase gene was observed in 49 (77.8%), and 27/63 (42.9%) were considered as RAL-associated resistance mutations. Factors independently associated with the occurrence of ≥ 1 RAL-associated resistance mutation were VL at failure >3 log(10) and having no new drugs associated with RAL. RAL showed great potency in treatment-experienced patients. The number of new drugs associated with RAL was an important factor associated with VR. HIV-1 subtype and baseline integrase polymorphisms do not influence the RAL VR.
ISSN: 0924-8579

hal-00875083
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875083
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.02.016
PUBMED : 23562640

Éditeur(s) : ISTPM
Résumé : The effect of the 2 pesticides most frequently used against mosquitoes was tested on a number of marine organisms. Growth inhibition was tested using Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Gyrosigma spencer (algae). To 0.5 ml of culture inoculum containing similar to 100000 cells in exponential growth phase, 9.5 ml of insecticide in varying concentrations were added and the growth was recorded every 48 hour; LG sub(50) was determined. Muscular activity and filtration rate of Crassostrea angulata were tested. The acute toxicity was tested using 4 species of gastropods, 2 lamellibranchs, 5 crustaceans, 1 coelenterate and 3 fishes; the species used were: Gibbula umbilicalis, Purpura lapillus, Littorina littorea, Patella vulgata, Mytilus edulis, Cardium edule, Artemia salina, Clinabarius misanthropus, Carcinus maenas, Crangon crangon, Palaemonetes varians, Actinia equina, Gasterosteus aculeatus, Pomatoschistus minutus and Anguilla anguilla. The LD sub(50) was determined for each concentration at intervals of 48 hour and 96 hour. It was noted that Abate was distinctly less toxic than Fenitrothion and that the crustaceans were extremely sensitive to Fenitrothion; a marginal security was found to exist in the oysters between the doses used in practice and those used in the test.
Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Pêches Maritimes (0035-2276) (ISTPM), 1973-03 , Vol. 37 , N. 1 , P. 137-144

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1973/publication-2229.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/2229/