Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : National audience
Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii) est un champignon atypique et transmissible à fort tropisme pulmonaire. La prévalence de P. jirovecii chez les patients atteints de mucoviscidose a été évaluée en Allemagne à 7,4 %, en Espagne à 21,6 % et au Brésil à 38,2 %. En revanche, les données concernant la prévalence de P. jirovecii chez les patients atteints de mucoviscidose en France restent parcellaires en particulier en Bretagne, région où la prévalence de la mucoviscidose est élevée. L’objectif de ce travail a été de déterminer la prévalence de la colonisation de P. jirovecii en Bretagne chez les patients mucoviscidosiques suivis dans les CRCM de Rennes et de Brest-Roscoff. Les expectorations de 86 patients (178 prélèvements) suivis à Rennes et 76 patients (146 prélèvements) suivis à Brest-Roscoff ont été analysées rétrospectivement. La détection de P. jirovecii a été réalisée à l’aide d’une PCR en temps réel ciblant le gène codant pour l’ARN de la grande sous-unité du ribosome de la mitochondrie. P. jirovecii a été détecté chez 3/86 patients (3,5 %) suivis à Rennes et 1/76 patients (1,3 %) suivis à Brest-Roscoff, soit une prévalence globale de 2,5 %. Ces résultats portant sur 2 centres bretons montrent que la prévalence de P. jirovecii chez les patients atteints de mucoviscidose en Bretagne est faible en comparaison de celle observée en Allemagne, en Espagne et au Brésil. Cette étude constitue l’étape préalable indispensable pour déterminer les facteurs de risque d’acquisition du champignon chez les patients mucoviscidosiques et expliquer ces différences de prévalence
Congrès de la SFMM
Talence-Bordeaux, France

hal-01198633
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01198633
DOI : 10.1016/j.mycmed.2015.06.035

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The Betic-Rif orocline surrounding the Alboran Sea, the westernmost tip of the Mediterranean Sea, accommodates the NW–SE convergence between the Nubia and Eurasia plates. Recent GPS observations indicate a ∼4 mm/yr SW motion of the Rif Mountains, relative to stable Nubia, incompatible with a simple two-plate model. New gravity data acquired in this study define a pronounced negative Bouguer anomaly south of the Rif, interpreted as a ∼40 km-thick crust in a state of non-isostatic equilibrium. We study the correlation between these present-day kinematic and geodynamic processes using a finite-element code to model in 2-D the first-order behavior of a lithosphere affected by a downward normal traction (representing the pull of a high-density body in the upper mantle). We show that intermediate viscosities for the lower crust and uppermost mantle (View the MathML source1021–1022Pas) allow an efficient coupling between the mantle and the base of the brittle crust, thus enabling (1) the conversion of vertical movement, resulting from the downward traction, to horizontal movement and (2) shortening in the brittle upper crust. Our results show that incipient delamination of the Nubian continental lithosphere, linked to slab pull, can explain the present-day abnormal tectonics, contribute to the gravity anomaly observed in northern Morocco, and give insight into recent tectonics in the Western Mediterranean region.
ISSN: 0012-821X

hal-01467130
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01467130
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.08.041

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : The main purpose of this thesis was to characterize and to model the hydrodynamic and thermochemical processes leading to the alteration of the wellbore cement materials under borehole conditions. Percolation experiments were performed on fractured cement samples under CO2 storage conditions (60°C and 10MPa). Injection flow rate was dictated by the fracture aperture of each sample. CO2 enriched brine was flowed along the fracture aperture, and permeability changes as well as chemical evolution of major cations were continuously acquired during the experiment time. Reaction paths developed by the alteration of the cement were characterized using microtomography and ESEM images. The experiments conducted using samples presenting large fracture apertures during 5h showed that permeability was maintained constant during the experiment time. Three reacted layers were displaying by the alteration of portlandite and CSH. Long term experiment (26h) conducted with large initial fracture aperture showed a decrease of the permeability after 15hours of CO2 exposure. Otherwise, experiments performed on samples presenting narrow apertures indicated the conversion of portlandite and CSH to calcite leading to the permeability reduction and the fracture clogging. Assemblages of phases and chemical changes were modelled using GEMS-PSI speciation code. We studied also using a coupled transport-reactive model the conditions leading to the cement alteration and the formation of associated layers.
L'objectif de cette thèse était de modéliser à partir des expériences de percolation-réactive, les processus hydrodynamique et réactionnel qui gouvernent l'altération des ciments de puits. Différentes expériences ont été réalisées dans des conditions représentatives de celles du stockage du CO2. Des échantillons fracturés ont été utilisés pour injecter une saumure enrichie en CO2 à 60°C et 10MPa et à différentes pressions partielles de CO2. Le débitd'injection variait en fonction des propriétés hydrauliques de l'échantillon exposé. L'injection d'une saumure enrichie en CO2 à débit constant à travers une fracture supposée plane a permis d'étudier les modifications des propriétés hydrodynamiques et ces conséquences sur la géochimie et la microstructure du ciment altéré. L'impact dynamique de l'évolution microstructurale a été mis en évidence. Les expériences conduites sur des échantillons présentant de larges ouvertures, réalisées sur une durée de 5 h, ont montré que la perméabilité était maintenue constante le long de l'expérience. Trois couches d'altération se sont développées consécutivement à la dissolution de la portlandite et la décalcification des CSH. L'altération a entrainé la précipitation des carbonates et de la silice amorphe à proximité de la fracture. Dans le cas d'une expérience longue durée appliquant les mêmes conditions que précédemment on a observé que la croissance de la silice amorphe a entrainé la diminution de la perméabilité. Par ailleurs les expériences effectuées sur des échantillons présentant de faibles ouvertures, ont indiqué que la conversion de la portlandite en calcite conduit au colmatage de la fracture. L'évolution des assemblages de phases conduisant à la formation des carbonates et de la silice amorphe a été modélisée à partir du code géochimique GEMS. Les mécanismes de diffusion et les processus de mise en place des couches d'altération ont été étudiés à partir d'un modèle analytique et d'un modèle de transport réactif à partir du code géochimique PHREEQC.
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01038034

tel-01038034
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01038034
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01038034/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01038034/file/theseabdoulghafour.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : This paper presents an inversion method using the interseismic velocity field to determine effective rigidity of the lithosphere. The method is based on the minimization of a cost function defined as the quadratic measure of the difference between measured and modelled velocity fields on a discrete set of points. The continuous mapping of the rigidity is fulfilled with a limited set of parameters and the forward solution is achieved using a plane stress finite element code. The computation of the cost function gradient in the parameters' space allows one to iteratively find the best parameters set through a suitable optimization algorithm.;We first design a benchmark including an abrupt rigidity variation that cannot be described by a continuous function. For such a case, we show that increasing the number of parameters is a way to accurately describe sharp variations of the rigidity map. Then, we use a dense GPS velocity field over the southwestern United States to estimate the corresponding rigidity variations for different spatial resolutions of the parameters' grid. We analyse the conceptual and practical difficulties associated with our methodology. Finally, rigidity maps obtained by our inversion method in southwestern United States and particularly across the San Andreas Fault System are reviewed and compared to current plate rigidity estimates and geophysical data over this area.
ISSN: 0956-540X

hal-00669897
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00669897
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05192.x

Résumé : The general study, scheduled from 1984 to 1986, aims at providing a judgement about the fisheries in the Celtic Sea. This area has been chosen because it is frequented by EEC vessels with, for the time being, a large majority of French vessels. Activities there are easier to monitor than anywhere else as coastal fisheries are little developed in the area. The final product will consist of a certain number of hypotheses about the planning strategies that could be implemented in the Celtic Sea. The main idea is, firstly, to conduct analytical studies, stock by stock, in order then, to synthesize them into a model integrating the interactions between fleets in relation to their target species. A bio-economical model, deriving from the latter, will enable the simulation of the consequences of the current planning procedures on the management of stocks and vessels.
L'étude générale, programmée de 1984 à 1986, vise à fournir un avis sur les pêcheries de Mer Celtique. Cette zone a été choisie car elle est fréquentée par les flottilles de la CEE avec cependant, pour le moment, une dominante française quasi exclusive. Les activités qui s'y exercent peuvent être cernées plus facilement que partout ailleurs car les pêcheries côtières sont très peu développées. Le produit final consistera dans la présentation d'un certain nombre d'hypothèses sur les stratégies d'aménagement adaptables à la Mer Celtique. La voie choisie consiste, dans un premier temps, dans des études analytiques, stock par stock, puis dans leur synthèse dans un modèle intégrant les interactions entre flottilles en relation en particulier avec la recherche des espèces-cibles. Un modèle bio-économique, dérivé du précédent, permettra de simuler les conséquences des procédures habituelles d'aménagement sur la gestion des stocks et des flottilles.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1985/rapport-3671.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/3671/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley-Blackwell
Résumé : International audience
1. Our understanding of the contribution of interspecific interactions to functional diversity in nature lags behind our knowledge of spatial and temporal patterns. Although two-species mutualisms are found in all types of ecosystems, the study of their ecological influences on other community members has mostly been limited to third species, while their influence on entire communities remains largely unexplored. 2. We hypothesized that mutualistic interactions between two respective ant species and an epiphyte mediate the biological traits composition of entire invertebrate communities that use the same host plant, thereby affecting food webs and functional diversity at the community level. 3. Aechmea mertensii (Bromeliaceae) is both a phytotelm ('plant-held water') and an ant-garden epiphyte. We sampled 111 bromeliads (111 aquatic invertebrate communities) associated with either the ant Pachycondyla goeldii or Camponotus femoratus. The relationships between ants, bromeliads and invertebrate abundance data were examined using a redundancy analysis. Biological traits information for invertebrates was structured using a fuzzy-coding technique, and a co-inertia analysis between traits and abundance data was used to interpret functional differences in bromeliad ecosystems. 4. The vegetative traits of A. mertensii depended on seed dispersion by C. femoratus and P. goeldii along a gradient of local conditions. The ant partner selected sets of invertebrates with traits that were best adapted to the bromeliads' morphology, and so the composition of the biological traits of invertebrate phytotelm communities depends on the identity of the ant partner. Biological traits suggest a bottom-up control of community structure in C. fenaoratus-associated phytotelmata and a greater structuring role for predatory invertebrates in P. goeldii-associated plants. 5. This study presents new information showing that two-species mutualisms affect the functional diversity of a much wider range of organisms. Most biological systems form complex networks where nodes (e.g. species) are more or less closely linked to each other, either directly or indirectly, through intermediate nodes. Our observations provide community-level information about biological interactions and functional diversity, and perspectives for further observations intended to examine whether large-scale changes in interacting species/community structure over broad geographical and anthropogenic gradients affect ecosystem functions.
Functional Ecology

hal-01096909
https://hal-agroparistech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01096909
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2435-2011.01863.x

Résumé : In this study, we describe the dynamics of an equatorial river plume using a numerical model (NEMO). The Congo river parameters are used.
Ce rapport étudie la dynamique d'un panache fluvial en zone équatoriale à partir de simulations numériques idéalisées (code NEMO). Les paramètres du fleuve Congo (2ème fleuve mondial par le débit) sont utilisés.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00089/20042/17683.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00089/20042/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
UNLABELLED: Glioblastoma (GB) is the most frequent and aggressive tumor of the central nervous system. There is currently growing interest in proteomic studies of GB, particularly with the aim of identifying new prognostic or therapeutic response markers. However, comparisons between different proteomic analyses of GB have revealed few common differentiated proteins. The types of control samples used to identify such proteins may in part explain the different results obtained. We therefore tried to determine which control samples would be most suitable for GB proteomic studies. We used an isotope-coded protein labeling (ICPL) method followed by mass spectrometry to reveal and compare the protein patterns of two commonly used types of control sample: GB peritumoral brain zone samples (PBZ) from six patients and epilepsy surgery brain samples (EB) pooled from three patients. The data obtained were processed using AMEN software for network analysis. We identified 197 non-redundant proteins and 35 of them were differentially expressed. Among these 35 differentially expressed proteins, six were over-expressed in PBZ and 29 in EB, showing different proteomic patterns between the two samples. Surprisingly, EB appeared to display a tumoral-like expression pattern in comparison to PBZ. In our opinion, PBZ may be more appropriate control sample for GB proteomic analysis. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This manuscript describes an original study in which we used an isotope-coded protein labeling method followed by mass spectrometry to identify and compare the protein patterns in two types of sample commonly used as control for glioblastoma (GB) proteomic analysis: peritumoral brain zone and brain samples obtained during surgery for epilepsy. The choice of control samples is critical for identifying new prognostic and/or diagnostic markers in GB.
ISSN: 1874-3919

inserm-00871494
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00871494
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00871494/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00871494/file/ManuscritProt-accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.04.031

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Some research on written production has focused on the role of the syllable as a processing unit. However, the precise nature of this syllable unit has yet to be elucidated. The present study examined whether the nature of this processing unit is orthographic (i.e., the ortho-syllable) or phonological. Thirty-two native French speakers were asked to copy adjectives on a digitizer, successively adding a plural and a feminine one-letter morpheme to the same adjective. The adjective agreement could modify the structure of both phonological and orthographic syllables, only ortho-syllabic structure, or leave both unchanged. When the change modified only the orthographic syllable structure, there was an increase in duration at the letter before the syllable boundary. By contrast, when adding a letter changed both orthographic and phonological structures, an increase in the duration of the inter-letter interval was observed. Importantly, the increase in duration cannot be explained exclusively by the addition of a letter because the addition of a plural inflection did not significantly influence the dynamics of handwritten production. These results are consistent with the idea that ortho-syllables serve as a processing unit during handwriting, and that this type of syllable is specific to the written code.
17th Biennial Conference of the International Graphonomics Society
Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe

hal-01165879
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01165879
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01165879/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01165879/file/IGS_2015_submission_14.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley Online Library
Résumé : International audience
Zika virus is an Aedes-borne Flavivirus causing fever, arthralgia, myalgia rash, associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome and suspected to induce microcephaly in the fetus. We report here the complete coding sequence of the first characterized Caribbean Zika virus strain, isolated from a patient from Martinique in December, 2015.
ISSN: 2052-2975

hal-01331574
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01331574
PUBMED : 27274849
PUBMEDCENTRAL : PMC4879239

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD SAGE Publications (UK and US)
Résumé : International audience
Genetic approaches have shown that several genes could modify caries susceptibility; AmelogeninX (AMELX) has been repeatedly designated. Here, we hypothesized that AMELX mutations resulting in discrete changes of enamel microstructure may be found in children with a severe caries phenotype. In parallel, possible AMELX mutations that could explain resistance to caries may be found in caries-free patients. In this study, coding exons of AMELX and exon-intron boundaries were sequenced in 399 individuals with extensive caries (250) or caries-free (149) individuals from nine French hospital groups. No mutation responsible for a direct change of amelogenin function was identified. Seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found, 3 presenting a high allele frequency, and 1 being detected for the first time. Three SNPs were located in coding regions, 2 of them being non-synonymous. Both evolutionary and statistical analyses showed that none of these SNPs was associated with caries susceptibility, suggesting that AMELX is not a gene candidate in our studied population.
ISSN: 0022-0345

hal-01545481
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01545481
DOI : 10.1177/0022034513482941

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD IBIS ROUGE EDITIONS
Résumé : International audience
Moult écrivains, intellectuels et poètes dont ceux de la Négritude s’accordent à dire que la poésie de Léon-Gontran Damas est une “poésie jazz ou “tam tam” inventive au langage symbolique fortement marquée par le rythme et la musicalité et qui marronne les codes de la versification traditionnelle. Le jazz, musique noir américaine du début du XXème siècle, est un traité sur l’enharmonie dans lequel la musique tout comme la vie n’est pas une partition réglée d’avance mais bien une manière de considérer d’autres possibles. Ce présent travail consiste à trouver dans Pigments (1937), ouvrage fort symbolique, des points de jonction entre le style poétique de la Négritude de Damas et les pratiques musicales marronnes comme le jazz et le free-jazz. Ces éléments nous permettront de mettre en parallèle des arts qui participent de la prise de conscience d’une poétique de l’hétérogénéité, de l’imprédictible comme l’aimait à affirmer E. Glissant.
Léon-Gontran Damas: Poète, écrivain, patrimonial et postcolonial

Droits : http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/licences/copyright/
ISBN : 978-2-84450-416-6
hal-01679498
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01679498

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Genetics and molecular biology have been instrumental for a better understanding of heritable defects causing human infertility over the past decades. More recently, the field of reproductive biology has harnessed genome biological approaches to gain insight into molecular processes underlying normal and pathological gametogenesis and gamete function. We are currently witnessing yet another quantum leap in our ability to monitor the flow of information from the genome via the transcriptome to the proteome: tiling arrays that cover both strands of a given target genome and RNA-Seq, a method based on ultra-high throughput DNA sequencing, enable us to study noncoding and protein-coding transcripts with unprecedented precision and depth at a reasonable cost. These technologies have spawned a thriving discipline within the bioinformatics field that employs information technology for managing and interpreting biological high-throughput data. This review outlines database projects and online analysis tools useful for life scientists in general and discusses in detail selected projects that have specifically been developed for researchers and clinicians in the field of reproductive biology. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Molecular Genetics of Human Reproductive Failure.
ISSN: 0006-3002

hal-00877444
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00877444
DOI : 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.05.018
PUBMED : 22687534

Résumé : Ce travail est l'expression d'une volonté de chercheurs, de la Carabe d'améliorer les connaissances scientifiques méso- et micro-météorologiques appliquées aux milieux insulaires sous influence des alizés et de développer la recherche dans ces domaines.On sait que le phénomène météorologique le plus remarquable impactant les îles de la Caraïbe reste le cyclone tropical. Mais d'autres phénomènes, a des échelles inferieures, telles que les pluies intenses, les houles, la dégradation de la qualité de l'air ont une importance aigüe en termes de risques naturels ou de risques sur la sante. Ces exemples attestent la nécessité d'utiliser des méthodes de descente d'échelle pour exploiter l'information météorologique et/ou climatique de grande échelle et dériver des scenarios locaux et régionaux appliques aux territoires insulaires. Ce défi est important car l'attente d'analyses scientifiques pertinentes dans ces domaines est grande.Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire ont pour principaux objectifs la simulation numérique puis l'analyse des mécanismes méso- et micro-échelles qui induisent des circulations locales diurnes et nocturnes sur l'archipel de la Guadeloupe à l'aide de codes numériques météorologiques éprouves car largement utilises en recherche et en prévision opérationnelle.Ils constituent donc la première étude de modélisation numérique à haute résolution en basse atmosphère, par descente d'échelle dynamique, pour des intervalles d'espace compris entre 1 km et 111 m sur cet archipel.Le modelé atmosphérique Weather Research and Forecasting ARW V3.4 (WRF ARW), non-hydrostatique, a été utilise pour l'ensemble des simulations pour modéliser la troposphère depuis l'échelle globale à l'échelle de la turbulence.Trois situations météorologiques classiques réelles d'une durée de 48 heures, correspondant à 80 % des situations météorologiques observées dans la zone, alizes soutenus (AS), alizes moyens (AM), alizes faibles (AF) ont été examinées. Ces situations sont caractérisées par les valeurs du nombre de Froude local suivantes : 0,82 (AS), 0,41 (AM) et 0,21 (AF). Six domaines de modélisation ont été sélectionnés pour effectuer les descentes d'échelle dynamiques : D01 (maille de 27 km), D02 (maille de 9 km), D03 (maille de 3 km), D04 (maille de 1 km), D05 (maille de 333 m) et D06 (maille de 111 m) avec soixante-dix niveaux verticaux. Les quatre premiers domaines (D01 à D04) couvrent l'archipel de la Guadeloupe et sont utilisés en mode méso-échelle à l'aide d'un schéma d'ensemble de couche limite planétaire YSU. Les domaines D05 (couvrant l'île de la Basse-Terre et le centre de l'archipel) et D06 (couvrant la zone littorale et rurale du Petit Cul-de-Sac Marin et la zone urbaine de l'agglomération pointoise) sont utilisés en mode Large Eddy Simulation avec une fermeture de la turbulence 1,5 TKE 3D. Le modèle WRF a été forcé toutes les six heures par l'assimilation des champs d'analyses globales du modèle NCEP FNL (1° de résolution). Les simulations effectuées ont permis d'obtenir des champs de variables météorologiques 10-minutes à très hautes résolutions spatiales.Les résultats des simulations méso- et micro-échelles ont été confrontés aux valeurs expérimentales obtenues à l'aide de capteurs places sur des mâts météorologiques (campagne Atmo-Mangrov et réseau de mesure Météo-France). Il s'agissait d'optimiser l'utilisation des couplages de codes numériques tout en conservant la possibilité de les confronter aux observations expérimentales.Les résultats des simulations numériques micro-échelles, des différents cas (AS, AM, AF) sont utilisées pour forcer (c'est-à-dire définir les conditions limites) un modèle lagrangien de dispersion de particules : FLEXPART. Le système couple FLEXPART-WRF a été employé dans le domaine D06 pour étudier la dispersion du panache d'oxydes d'azote émis par la principale usine de production d'électricité de l'île.
The present work expresses the will of Caribbean researchers to improve the meso- and micro-meteorological scientific knowledge of the trade winds influenced island areas, and to develop research in these domains.It is well known that tropical hurricanes remain the most remarkable meteorological phenomena that affect the Caribbean islands. But some other phenomena, of smaller scale, such as intense rainfall events, swells, or air quality degradation, are of extreme importance for natural or health hazards. These examples show the need to use downscaling methods to exploit large scale meteorological or climatic information, and to obtain local and regional scenarios for the island areas. This is an important challenge, as sound scientific studies in these matters are eagerly expected. The aim of the research works exposed in the present dissertation is numerical simulation and analysis of the meso- and microscale mechanisms that induce diurnal and nocturnal local circulations in the Guadeloupe archipelago, using numerical meteorological models that are widely used in research and in operational forecasting.These works represent the first high-resolution (1 km to 111 m) numerical study of the lower atmosphere over the Guadeloupe archipelago. The Weather Research and Forecasting ARW 3.4 (WRF-ARW) model is used to simulate the troposphere from global scale to turbulence scale. Real cases of three typical weather types (80% of cases during a year) are examined during 48 hours : strong trade winds (STW), medium trade winds (MTW) and weak trade winds (WTW). These weather types are characterized by values of the local Froude number : 0.82 (STW), 0.41 (MTW) and 0.21 (WTW). Six domains have been selected for the dynamical downscaling : D01 (grid spacing of 27 km), D02 (grid spacing of 9 km), D03 (grid spacing of 3 km), D04 (grid spacing of 1 km), D05 (grid spacing of 333 m) and D06 (grid spacing of 111 m), including 70 vertical levels. The first four domains (D01 to D04) cover the Guadeloupe archipelago and are used in the meso-scale simulations with the planetary boundary layer scheme YSU (ensemble mean). Domain D05 (covering the Basse-Terre island and the middle of the archipelago) and domain D06 (covering the coastal and rural area of Le Petit Cul-de-Sac Marin and the urban area of Pointe-à-Pitre), are employed in the micro-scale simulation (LES) with the 3D TKE 1.5 order closure scheme. WRF has been 6 hourly reinitialized with the NCEP FNL global analyses (resolution of 1°). These simulations permitted to obtain 10-minutes meteorological variable fields with a very high resolution (111 m).Meso-scale and micro-scale model results have been evaluated with observational data from meteorological stations (field campaign Atmo-Mangrov, French Met Office).Once validated, the micro-scale model outputs have been used for the assimilation of the lagrangian particle dispersion model : FLEXPART. The coupling FLEXPART-WRF has been employed in domain D06, in order to analyze the dispersion of the nitrogen oxide plume emitted by the main power plant of the archipelago.

http://www.theses.fr/2014AGUY0735/document

Résumé : Le cadre juridique des investissements étrangers en Algérie a été marqué par de profonds changements depuis la promulgation du premier code des investissements, en 1963. Cette mutation n’a pas toujours été en phase avec les processus de développement économique national et le changement du contexte international. Le modèle socialiste de la gestion des affaires économiques qui a prédominé à partir du milieu des années 60 jusqu'au milieu des années 80 a progressivement cédé la place à un retrait graduel de l'Etat du champ économique. On assiste, depuis, à une émergence d’un secteur privé qui tente toujours de trouver sa place, à une vague de privatisations, à une libéralisation du commerce extérieur et à un appel aux capitaux étrangers pour financer le développement économique.Cette volonté manifeste d’accéder à une économie de marché est encore plus perceptible dans le dernier code des investissements de 2001. Ces efforts de mise en conformité du droit interne des investissements avec le droit international des investissements sont relayés par un discours politique offensif.Néanmoins, cet environnement juridique incitatif perd de son attrait lorsqu’on le confronte, soit aux textes promulgués en matière de réglementation du commerce extérieur et la réglementation des changes, soit à l’environnement administratif dans lequel est mis en œuvre l’ensemble de ces textes de lois. Cette confrontation est particulièrement instructive quant à l’insuffisance de cohérence de la politique étatique suivie en matière d’investissement étranger. Ceci révèle la balance d’intérêt des autorités algériennes entre l’augmentation de la contribution des investissements étrangers au potentiel économique et technologique national et la sauvegarde de la souveraineté nationale.Ainsi, le questionnement de la politique législative algérienne d’investissement permet de comprendre les fondements de la doctrine algérienne des investissements étrangers. Cette compréhension favorise l’émergence d’une stratégie qui concilie attractivité et préservation des intérêts publics.
The legal framework for foreign investment in Algeria was marked by profound changes since the enactment of the first investment code in 1963 This change has not always been in line with the process of national economic development and change in the international environment . The socialist model of economic management that prevailed from the mid 60s to mid 80s gradually gave way to a gradual withdrawal of the state from the economic field. There has since been an emergence of a private sector that is still trying to find its place, a wave of privatization, liberalization of foreign trade and to rely on foreign capital to finance the development will économique.Cette Manifest access to a market economy is even more noticeable in the latest investment Code of 2001 These efforts compliance of domestic investment law with the international investment law are supported by a political speech offensif.Néanmoins, the legal environment incentive loses its appeal when confronted or to enactments in regulation of foreign trade and foreign exchange regulations, or administrative environment that is implemented in all these laws. This comparison is particularly instructive about the lack of consistency in state policy with respect to foreign investment. This reveals the balance of interest between the Algerian authorities increasing the contribution of foreign investment to national economic and technological potential and safeguarding sovereignty nationale.Ainsi, questioning the Algerian legislative investment policy allows us to understand the foundations of the Algerian doctrine of foreign investment. This understanding promotes the emergence of a strategy that balances attractiveness and preservation of public interest.

http://www.theses.fr/2012AGUY0785

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Abstract : Since 2011, the organization of linguistic education for foreigners has changed in France. Now, the FLI concept controls the integration of foreigners in the french society by a transmission of french language and republican values. Our paper is about the questions coming from the West Indies context, specifically in Guadeloupe, and it is looking at the educational matters closed to Haitians natives' people. We are asking questions about the code switching phenomena and are trying to find, out of the blue, how some contextual specific experiments can help the students in being proud of their culture and in changing their vision of scholar and learning system. Feedback from those oral original sessions are aimed at offering solutions to establish a suitable teaching method named FLR.
Depuis 2011, la loi française a renforcé sa politique linguistique en faveur d'une intégration des migrants, mettant en place l'enseignement du français langue d'intégration (FLI). Notre contribution considère dans ce cadre épistémologique les particularités sociolinguistiques et migratoires du territoire de la Guadeloupe et s'intéresse à une didactique contextualisée, notamment en ce qui concerne le public des migrants venus d'Haïti. Les effets de contexte sont interrogés à travers une analyse du dispositif de formation, des postures des formateurs, des écarts observés entre objectifs attendus et réalisés et de l'influence des représentations des apprenants. Nous interrogeons le rôle du contact entre les langues créoles et le français dans les apprentissages. Cette note propose également un projet de remédiation pédagogique adapté aux difficultés relevées et pose les bases d'une approche didactique idoine caractérisée par un travail centré sur la réassurance affective et culturelle.Mots clés : Insécurité linguistique, diglossie, créole haïtien, confiance en soi, langue vernaculaire, langue véhiculaire, outils pédagogiques, didactique contextualisée, didactique sociolinguistique, andragogie, remédiation pédagogique, réassurance.
Troubles du langage, Langue d'enseignement et rendement scolaire. Essai de diagnostic du système éducatif haïtien dans le département de l'Artibonite, Ouvrage collectif (Coordination : Rochambeau LAINY), 2016, L'Harmattan, Paris , 320 pages.

hal-01673268
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01673268
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01673268/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01673268/file/FINAL%20ARTICLE%20Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric%20Beaubrun%20communication%20-%20Colloque%20%20Ha%C3%AFti%20pathologies%20du%20langage%20et%20rendement%20scolaire.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Masson
Résumé : International audience
The seismological study of recent seismic crises near Oleron Island confirms the coexistence of an extensional deformation and a transtensive regime in the Atlantic margin of France, which is different from the general western European stress field corresponding to a strike-slip regime. We argue that the switch of the principal stress axes σ1/σ2 in a NW-SE vertical plane is linked with the existence of crustal heterogeneities. Events of magnitude larger than 5 sometimes occur along the Atlantic margin of France, such as the 7 September 1972 (ML = 5.2) earthquake near Oleron island and the 30 September 2002 (ML = 5.7) Hennebont event in Brittany. To test the mechanism of local strain localization, we model the deformation of the hypocentral area of the Hennebont earthquake using a 3D thermo-mechanical finite element code. We conclude that the occurrence of moderate earthquakes located in limited parts of the Hercynian shear zones (as the often reactivated swarms near Oleron) could be due to local reactivation of pre-existing faults. These sporadic seismic ruptures are favoured by stress concentration due to rheological heterogeneities.
ISSN: 1631-0713

hal-00936220
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00936220
DOI : 10.1016/j.crte.2013.07.004

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
Chromatin modification enzymes are important regulators of gene expression and some are evolutionarily conserved from yeast to human. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a major model organism for genome-wide studies that aim at the identification of target genes under the control of conserved epigenetic regulators. Ume6 interacts with the upstream repressor site 1 (URS1) and represses transcription by recruiting both the conserved histone deacetylase Rpd3 (through the co-repressor Sin3) and the chromatin-remodeling factor Isw2. Cells lacking Ume6 are defective in growth, stress response, and meiotic development. RNA profiling studies and in vivo protein-DNA binding assays identified mRNAs or transcript isoforms that are directly repressed by Ume6 in mitosis. However, a comprehensive understanding of the transcriptional alterations, which underlie the complex ume6Δ mutant phenotype during fermentation, respiration, or sporulation, is lacking. We report the protein-coding transcriptome of a diploid MAT a/α wild-type and ume6/ume6 mutant strains cultured in rich media with glucose or acetate as a carbon source, or sporulation-inducing medium. We distinguished direct from indirect effects on mRNA levels by combining GeneChip data with URS1 motif predictions and published high-throughput in vivo Ume6-DNA binding data. To gain insight into the molecular interactions between successive waves of Ume6-dependent meiotic genes, we integrated expression data with information on protein networks. Our work identifies novel Ume6 repressed genes during growth and development and reveals a strong effect of the carbon source on the derepression pattern of transcripts in growing and developmentally arrested ume6/ume6 mutant cells. Since yeast is a useful model organism for chromatin-mediated effects on gene expression, our results provide a rich source for further genetic and molecular biological work on the regulation of cell growth and cell differentiation in eukaryotes.
ISSN: 1617-4615

hal-01151619
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01151619
DOI : 10.1007/s00438-015-1051-5
PUBMED : 25957495

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
1. The Before-After Control-Impact Paired Series (BACIPS) design distinguishes natural spatial and temporalvariability from variation induced by an environmental impact (or intervention) of interest. BACIPS is a powerfultool to derive inferences about interventions when classic experimental approaches (e.g. which rely on spatialreplicates and random assignment of treatments) are not feasible or desirable. Previously applied BACIPSdesigns generally assume that effects are sudden, constant and long-lived: that is, that systems exhibit ‘stepchanges’in response to interventions. However, complex ecological interactions or gradual interventions maycreate delayed and/or progressive responses, potentially impeding the reliability of classic (step-change) analyses.2. We propose a novel approach, the Progressive-Change BACIPS, which generalizes and expands the scope ofBACIPS analyses.We evaluate the relative performance of this approach using both simulated and real data thatexhibit step-change, linear, asymptotic and sigmoid responses following an intervention.We quantify the statisticalpower and accuracy of the Progressive-Change BACIPS under varying initial population densities, intensityof spatial sampling, effect sizes and number of sampling dates After the intervention.3. We show that Progressive-Change BACIPS identified the correct model among the set of candidate modelsunder most conditions and led to accurate estimates of the parameters that were used to generate the simulateddata. When data were sparse, and the dynamics complex, simpler (more parsimonious) models were favouredover the more complex models that actually generated the simulated data. Application of the Progressive-Change BACIPS to existing data sets from the literature led to strong support for specific models (over alternatives)and led to more specific inferences than possible under the classic BACIPS approach.4. The Progressive-Change BACIPS proposed here is more flexible than the original BACIPS formulationbecause the data are used to inform the form of the final model, rather than having the form of the modelimposed on the data. This leads to better estimates of the effects of environmental impacts and the time-scalesover which they operate. As a result, the Progressive-Change BACIPS should be applicable to a wide range ofstudies and should help improve investigation of time-dependent effects. R code to perform Progressive-ChangeBACIPS analysis is provided.
ISSN: 2041-210X

hal-01416668
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01416668
DOI : 10.1111/2041-210X.12655

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
This article aims to explore the bilingual practices (English and French) used by students from St Martin in a collaborative situation, in order to enrich the debate on languages and knowledge. This research is based on two corpora consisting of interactions between high school pupils during their educational support sessions, and which are studied using conversational analysis; the study uses this combination of collaborative methods and bilingual education to model the management of linguistic resources with regard to the factual knowledge and practical skills brought into play during the interaction. The challenge of this study is therefore to establish what is involved, and under which conditions and through which mechanisms the interactions between two languages (English and French) may contribute to the construction of cognitive learning skills.
Francisola : : revue indonésienne de la langue et de la littérature françaises

hal-01532983
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01532983