Éditeur(s) : Inter-Research
Résumé : The pathogenicity of Vibrio penaeicida Strains KH-1 and AM101, their culture-free supernatant (CFS), and their protein fraction obtained by 40% of ammonium sulfate precipitation (PFs40) were assessed in experimental challenges against juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. Live Vibrio cells, CFS, and PFs40 from the AM101 strain produced a significantly higher mortality (p < 0.05) compared to the KH-1 strain. Toxicity and median lethal doses (LD50) of Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC) products were evaluated on L. vannamei. The first FPLC fraction sample (A) from PFs40 of the AM101 strain displayed LD50 values of 1.68 and 5.61 mu g protein ind.(-1), respectively. The second FPLC process from Fraction A showed a peak (A1) also with toxic effects to shrimp. PFs40, Fraction A, and Peak At showed a 38.5 kDa molecular band (SDS-PAGE), with activity on a gelatin protease zymogram. The lethal effect of PFs40 and Fraction A was inhibited by Proteinase K, CuCl2, E-64, and heat (60 and 100 degrees C) treatments, but was not inhibited by EDTA-Na-2, aprotinin, and soy trypsin treatments. These results and the zymogram inhibition test suggest the presence of a cysteine protease-like proteinaceous exotoxin as a dominant protease, secreted by V. penaeicida Strain AM101.
Diseases of aquatic organisms (0177-5103) (Inter-Research), 2005-11 , Vol. 67 , N. 3 , P. 201-207

Droits : Inter-Research 2005
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2005/publication-3618.pdf
DOI:10.3354/dao067201
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/3618/

Éditeur(s) : Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd
Résumé : Epinephelus itajara is one of the marine fish species most threatened for extinction and it is considered to be "critically endangered" by the IUCN. The present study evaluated the genetic diversity of the species and the genetic/evolutionary relationships of its populations along the Atlantic coast of South America. The results indicate relatively reduced genetic variation, re-emphasizing the low adaptive potential of the species. One of the populations presented relatively high degrees of genetic diversity and it is evolutionary isolated from the all other populations. The evidences indicate the existence of two Evolutionarily Significant Units comprising E. itajara in the Atlantic coast of South America and the conservation prospects for the species must take these evidences into account.
Biochemical Systematics And Ecology (0305-1978) (Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd), 2014-10 , Vol. 56 , P. 255-266

Droits : 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00230/34100/34465.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.bse.2014.06.004
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00230/34100/

Éditeur(s) : Blackwell science
Résumé : A study was conducted to evaluate variations of digestive enzyme activities in Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) reared in commercial ponds under semi-intensive conditions. Shrimp were collected at each body weight increase of 2 g. As the shrimp grew (2-12 g), significant increases in the activities of lipase and chymotrypsin were observed. The total protease activity decreased from 6 g onwards. Trypsin activity showed a peak at 6 g and amylase activity increased two-fold after 2 g. Additionally, the stomach contents were analysed microscopically for shrimp between 2 and 10 g. Plant matter contributed above 30% of the total stomach content in 6-, 8- and 10-g shrimp. Detritus represented 58% and 62% of the total stomach content in 2- and 4-g shrimp, respectively, decreasing to 33-43% at greater shrimp weights. Artificial feed showed a maximum contribution of 20% in 6-g shrimp. The present results show changes in the enzyme activity after the shrimp reach 6 g in body weight, evidenced by a decrease in total protease and an increase in lipase and amylase activities. The amylase/protease ratio was 2.6 in 2-g shrimp and increased steadily to 9.6 in 12-g shrimp. These findings suggest an adaptation of the enzymatic activity to diets with lower protein content as body weight increases, and may be related to the variation of the different items found in the stomach.
Aquaculture Research (1355-557X) (Blackwell science), 2003-12 , Vol. 34 , N. 15 , P. 1403-1411

Droits : Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2003/publication-902.pdf
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2003.00959.x
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/902/

Éditeur(s) : ESITPA, Rouen
Résumé : This report presents a functional typology of the exploitation systems of fisheries in the Charentais sounds. It describes the nature of such a typology as well as the method developed in relation to the topic of the study. The determination and formalization accepted to characterise the exploitation systems are outlined. Also presented is the evaluation of the value of the vessels of the sounds fleet. Types are identified based on two main explanatory variables: capital and work. They enable us to set the internal dynamics of the production system straight.
Ce rapport présente une typologie dite fonctionnelle des systèmes d'exploitation pour la pêche dans les Pertuis charentais. La nature d'une telle typologie est exposée ainsi que la méthode mise au point en correspondance avec le sujet de l'étude. La détermination et la formalisation retenues pour caractériser les systèmes d'exploitation sont décrites. L'exercice a demandé une évaluation de la valeur des bateaux de la flottille des Pertuis, qui est présentée. Les types sont identifiés en fonction de deux variables explicatives principales, à savoir le capital et le travail. Ils permettent d'éclairer la dynamique interne au système productif. OCR NON CONTRÔLE

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1998/these-3932.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/3932/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Purpose: Social inequalities in cancer incidence and mortality have been reported in France, but no data are available for the French overseas territories. Our objective was to explore the association between cancer incidence and the socioeconomic level of the residence area in the French West Indies. Methods: Cancer incidence data were obtained from the cancer registries of Guadeloupe and Martinique (2009–2010). To assess socioeconomic status, we developed a specific index of social deprivation from census data at a small area level. We used Bayesian methods to evaluate the association between cancer incidence and the deprivation index, for all cancers combined and for the major cancer sites. Results: There was no clear association between area‐based deprivation and the incidence of all cancers combined. In men, higher area deprivation was associated with a higher incidence of prostate cancer (relative risk (RR) 1.25, 95% credible interval (CI) 1.04–1.49; RR 1.08, CI 0.91–1.29 in the categories of intermediate and high deprivation, respectively, compared to low deprivation), but was not associated with respiratory cancer. Women living in the most deprived areas had a higher incidence of stomach (RR 1.77, CI 1.12–2.89), breast (RR 1.15, CI 0.90–1.45), and cervical (RR 1.13, CI 0.63–2.01) cancers and a lower incidence of respiratory cancer (RR 0.65, CI 0.38–1.11). Conclusion: These first results in the French West Indies suggest specific patterns for some cancer sites that need to be further investigated. © 2017, Springer International Publishing AG.
Cancer Causes and Control

hal-01671494
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01671494
DOI : 10.1007/s10552-017-0946-3
PUBMED : 28849411

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : poster presentation, 22nd European Meeting on Hypertension and Cardiovascular protection, London,26-29 April 2012
OBJECTIVE: Several studies demonstrate that the perception of overweight is associated with attempts at weight control in overweight subjects. Our objective is to describe the factors associated with the perception of overweight in an adult Caribbean population, and in particular, to assess the relationship between the perception of overweight and previous medical diagnosis of overweight. METHOD AND DESIGN: Consant was a cross-sectional study carried out in 2007 on a representative sample of the adult Guadeloupean population. Included were 1,005 subjects aged 25-74 years, drawn from stratified random sampling, and interviewed at home. The perception of overweight was evaluated by the question: "Do you consider yourself to be overweight?" with a binary response. RESULTS: Among overweight subjects (Body Mass Index ≥ 25 kg/m2, n = 576), 38.6% provided an incorrect assessment of their weight status. This proportion falls to 17.4% in those who stated to have previously received a medical diagnosis of overweight. However, only 48.8% of overweight subjects stated to have received such a diagnosis. A logistic regression shows that the underestimation of weight status is associated with the absence of previous diagnosis for overweight (OR: 5.35 - p < 10-3), as well as an age greater than or equal to 55 years (OR: 2.91 - p < 10-3), a BMI of less than 30 kg/m² (OR: 2.26 - p: 0.001), the male sex (OR: 1.86 - p: 0.004), and a low income level (OR: 1.62 - p: 0.030), but not a lack of awareness regarding the role of weight control in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Similar results are observed if waist circumference is taken as a factor instead of BMI. CONCLUSION: In this population, the lack of medical diagnosis of overweight was the leading factor associated with misperception of overweight. Screening for overweight therefore appears to be one of the preconditions to weight management, and remains a fundamental but often unused element in the fight against obesity.
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00739785

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
hal-00739785
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00739785
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00739785/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00739785/file/The_lacksur screening_is_the_leading_factor_associated_with_the_misperceptionsur overweight_cor.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study were to assess in patients with advanced HIV disease receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) intensification with enfuvirtide (i) resistance at virological failure (VF), (ii) impact of baseline tropism on immunovirological response, and (iii) HIV-1 DNA tropism evolution during ART. METHODS: The ANRS 130 APOLLO randomized trial evaluated in naive patients the immunovirological impact of standard ART without (control arm) or with enfuvirtide. Tropism was determined on RNA and DNA by V3-loop sequencing interpreted using the Geno2Pheno algorithm. RESULTS: At baseline the median CD4 cell count was 30 cells/mm(3). Among the 170 patients assessable in this virological substudy, HIV-1 RNA tropism was as follows: 60% of viruses were R5 and 40% were R5X4/X4. HIV-1 DNA tropism was as follows: 54% were R5 and 46% were R5X4/X4. At week 24, 39% and 49% of patients experienced VF in the enfuvirtide and control arms, respectively. In the enfuvirtide arm, only resistance-associated mutations to enfuvirtide were detected. In the control arm, two patients displayed drug-resistant viruses at the time of VF. No impact of baseline tropism was observed on immunovirological response, regardless of the study arm. Among the 25 patients experiencing DNA tropism switch between baseline and week 24, 16 (64%) switched from R5 to R5X4/X4. These latter were mostly successfully suppressed patients receiving enfuvirtide and exhibiting poorer immunological response. CONCLUSIONS: Baseline RNA tropism had no impact on the immunovirological response. Drug resistance mutations were only detected for the fusion inhibitor. Finally, the mechanism of replenishment of the viral cellular reservoir with X4 viruses observed needs to be further analysed.
ISSN: 0305-7453

hal-00875130
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875130
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dks455
PUBMED : 23152480

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
We study the geometrical properties of the subgroups of the multiplicative group of a finite extension of a finite field endowed with its vector space structure, and we show that in some cases the associated projective space has a natural groupe structure. We construct some cyclic codes related to Reed-Muller codes by evaluating polynomials on these subgroups. The geometrical properties of these groups give a fairly simple description of these codes of the Reed-Muller kind.
ISSN: 1071-5797

hal-00770256
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00770256
DOI : 10.1006/ffta.1999.0268

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles et de la Guyane
Résumé : The need for an integrated approach to fisheries is now widely affirmed, including the FAO, in particular in the context of tropical artisanal fisheries. These small-scale fisheries, often multispecies are very important in terms of production, employment and food security. However these fisheries and the exploited resources are often characterized by a lack of data making difficult their management within an ecosystem approach, and by the ecological and economic system complexities including trophic and technological interactions. This thesis aims to contribute to the development of bioeconomic tools for small tropical fisheries in a sustainable management perspective based on the ecosystem approach. In this perspective, the French Guiana coastal fishery constitutes an interesting case study. The thesis proposes multi-criteria evaluations, complex bioeconomic models and viable management scenarios for this fishery. At first, multivariate statistical analysis suggests a satisfactory overall status of the fishery in terms of sustainability. However, some performance differences are noted within the fishery, particularly at border areas. Also, management improvements are proposed. Then, through bioeconomic modeling, projections of different fishing scenarios show that, in the long-term, the current exploitation level may not be consistent with the future increase of local demand and a loss of biodiversity may occur. A scenario called "co-viability" reconciling ecological, economic and social objectives, with a high probability of achievement is exhibited. Finally, the comparison of optimal behavior in cooperative and non-cooperative conditions, confirms that harvest levels are greater when actors do not cooperate. Furthermore, it is shown that the state of the ecosystem depends on the fishing strategies and the type of interaction between species. Beyond the diagnosis made for the case study, the method is promising in the context of small tropical fisheries, while the co-viability approach allows finding the exploitation conditions under which ecological and socio-economic sustainability are meet, what the conventional fisheries management generally do not allow.
La nécessité d’une approche intégrée des pêches est actuellement largement affirmée, notamment par la FAO, en particulier dans le contexte des pêcheries artisanales tropicales. Ces pêcheries à petites échelles, souvent multi-spécifiques sont très importantes en termes d’emploi et de production, y compris pour la sécurité alimentaire. Néanmoins ces pêcheries et la biodiversité exploitées sont souvent marquées, d’une part, par le manque de données rendant difficile leur gestion dans le cadre d’une approche écosystémique, d’autre part, par la complexité des systèmes écologiques et économiques sous-jacents incluant interactions trophiques et techniques. Cette thèse contribue à la mise au point d’outils bioéconomiques adaptés aux petites pêcheries tropicales dans la perspective d’une gestion durable des pêches fondée sur l’approche écosystémique. Dans cette perspective, la pêcherie côtière en Guyane Française constitue un cas d’étude particulièrement fécond. La thèse propose ainsi des évaluations multi-critères, des modèles bioéconomiques complexes et des scénarios de gestion viable pour cette pêcherie. Dans un premier temps l’analyse statistique multivariée suggère un statut global satisfaisant de la pêcherie en termes de durabilité. Cependant des différences de performance sont notées au sein de la pêcherie, notamment au niveau des zones frontalières. Aussi des améliorations dans le mode de gestion sont proposées. Ensuite, à travers la modélisation bioéconomique, les projections des différents scénarios de pêche montrent qu’à long terme le niveau d’exploitation actuel peut ne pas être en adéquation avec la future augmentation de la demande locale et qu’une perte de biodiversité peut avoir lieu. Un scenario dit de "co-viabilité" conciliant des objectifs à la fois écologique, économique et social, avec une probabilité de réalisation satisfaisante, est mis en exergue. Enfin, la comparaison des comportements optimaux en situation coopératif et non coopératif, montre dans quelle mesure la viabilité est favorisée quand les acteurs coopèrent. Au-delà du diagnostic apporté pour le cas d’étude, la méthode utilisée s’avère prometteuse dans le contexte des petites pêcheries tropicales, tandis que l’approche de co-viabilité permet de trouver les modalités d’exploitation dans le cadre de compromis entre durabilité écologique et socio-économique, ce que les principes de gestion halieutiques traditionnels ne permettent généralement pas.

Droits : 2013 Université des Antilles et de la Guyane
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00144/25492/23646.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00144/25492/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Masson
Résumé : National audience
Contexte La qualité de l’air ambiant dans les enceintes de transports ferroviaires souterrains (EFS) est caractérisée par des particules en suspension riches en métaux, majoritairement du fer, et en carbone, dont la concentration massique est très supérieure à celle mesurée dans l’air ambiant extérieur aux EFS. Cependant, les risques sanitaires chez les travailleurs des EFS liés aux polluants chimiques de l’air présents dans ces enceintes ferroviaires ont été peu étudiés. Dans ce contexte, l’Anses a été saisie afin de dresser un état des connaissances et réaliser une évaluation des risques sanitaires (ERS) chez les travailleurs des EFS. Méthodes Un groupe de travail pluridisciplinaire a analysé les études publiées jusqu’en décembre 2014 et des données communiquées par les exploitants de transport. L’ERS a porté sur les travailleurs de l’exploitation, l’organisation du transport et des services, et des commerces qui exercent une activité durant les horaires de trafic des rames de voyageurs. L’exposition chronique des travailleurs a été estimée à partir des données de concentration inhalée en particules (PM2,5 et PM10), en éléments métalliques, en carbone, en hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques particulaires et en hydrocarbures aromatiques monocycliques, issues d’une campagne transversale de métrologie individuelle de la RATP. Cette exposition estimée a ensuite été comparée à une valeur toxicologique de référence (VTR ajustée, VLEP, NOAECHEC) pour calculer un indicateur de risque. Résultats Les risques sanitaires en lien avec les éléments métalliques évalués individuellement semblent négligeables. Concernant l’exposition chronique aux particules, une inflammation des voies respiratoires et des effets consécutifs à cette inflammation sont probables, sur la base d’un effet démontré par une étude de toxicité aiguë chez l’animal. Par analogie avec les particules de l’air ambiant extérieur, des effets délétères sont attendus sur la santé cardiovasculaire et respiratoire en lien avec l’exposition chronique de ces travailleurs aux particules des EFS. L’ERS présente néanmoins des incertitudes notables compte tenu notamment du corpus d’études épidémiologiques assez peu informatif et de l’absence d’étude toxicologique d’exposition chronique. Conclusion Des effets sanitaires sont attendus en relation avec l’exposition chronique des travailleurs à la pollution de l’air des EFS. Des travaux sont recommandés pour combler les lacunes des connaissances sur la toxicité à long terme des particules de l’air de ces enceintes ferroviaires, mais également sur l’exposition de certaines catégories de travailleurs de la maintenance vraisemblablement plus exposés
ISSN: 1775-8785

hal-01331986
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01331986
DOI : 10.1016/j.admp.2016.03.448
PUBMED : 26334607

Éditeur(s) : Sage Publications
Résumé : It is becoming increasingly clear that humans impact marine ecosystems and their biodiversity to a very considerate degree, and evidence of the scale of impact is growing. An enabling factor for this has been a change in focus from local-level studies to increased emphasis on meta-analysis of global or regional-level analysis of fisheries' impact, Results include the facts that the world's total fish catches have been decreasing over the last decade or more; that larger, predatory fishes (table fish) are becoming increasingly scarcer; and that we are appropriating the ocean shelves' primary productivity to the same level as we are for terrestrial ecosystems. Ecosystems are being eroded in countries throughout the world, and though one might get the impression from the IUCN Red List that it is mainly a developed-country problem, it is alarming that the impact of severe overfishing may be on an even larger scale for developing countries. We describe aspects of the risks overfishing poses to marine ecosystems, and point out how ecosystem approaches to fisheries can be used to evaluate the potential impact of alternative fishing policy scenarios.
Il devient de plus en plus clair que les activités humaines altèrent les écosystèmes marins et leur biodiversité à un degré considérable, et les preures de l'échelle des impacts anthropiques s'accumulent. Un des facteurs déterminants de cette prise de conscience réside dans le changement d'échelle des études de l'impact des pêches qui sont passées d'un niveau local à un niveau global ou régional au travers d'études de type méta-analyse. Les résultats obtenus les plus évocateurs incluent le fait que la totalité des captures mondiales de poissons a diminué pendant la dernière décennie ou plus; que les grands prédateurs (l'essentiel des poissons "de table") deviennent de plus en plus rares; et que nous nous approprions la productivité primaire des plateaux continentaux au même titre que nous nous sommes appropriés celle des écosystèmes terrestres. Les écosystèmes sont érodés dans les pays du monde entier, et bien que la liste rouge de l'IUCN laisse penser que c'est principalement le problème des pays développés, il est alarmant de constater que l'impact de la surpêche excessive pourrait être une échelle bien plus grande encore pour les pays en voie de développement. Nous décrivons certains aspects des risques que pose la surpêche pour les écosystèmes marins, et mettons en exergue comment l'approche écosystémique des pêches peut être employée pour évaluer l'impact potentiel de scénarios alternatifs de règlementation des pêches.
Social Science Information (0539-0184) (Sage Publications), 2007-03 , Vol. 46 , N. 1 , P. 67-86

Droits : 2007 Sage Publications
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/publication-6123.pdf
DOI:10.1177/0539018407073656
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6123/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Aim of the study: A knowledge attitude and practice study centred on leishmaniasis and its treatment was performed among the Chayahuita, an Amazonian Peruvian ethnic group living in an endemic area. This study documents traditional Chayahuita plant's use and disease concepts. Also, activty of some medicinal plants used by the Chayahuita is highlighted and discussed. Materials and methods: Ninety-three Chayahuita people were interviewed, following a semi-structured questionnaire focussed on disease knowledge and perception, personal attitude and healing practices. Simultaneously, a collection of plants was performed in different ecotopes, in order to make an extensive inventory of the pharmacopoeia. Results: For the Chayahuita, cutaneous (CL) and muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) are considered as diseases of their own, with specific names, aetiologies, mode of transmission. Regarding CL, Chayahuita people consider that the humid characteristic of the skin ulcer is a discriminative fact orienting the diagnostic forTa'ta' (leishmaniasis). Forty-six different species were designated useful against LC and /or MCL (29 species by means of the questionnaire and 27 species when collecting in different ecotopes). Thirty-seven extracts corresponding to 31 species used medicinally were screened in vitro against Leishmania amnzonensis axenic amastigotes, assessing their viability by the reduction of tetrazolium salt (MTT). Six species displayed a good activity ( 10 μg/ml < IC50 < 20 μg/ml): an undetermined hemi-epiphytic Clusiaceae, Cyhianthus anthuriophyllus Pipoly (Myrsinaceae), two Piper, Piper sanguineispicum Trel., and Piper loretoanum Trel. (Piperaceae), Desmodium axillare Sw. DC. (Fabaceae), and Clibadium sylvestre (Aubl.) Baill. (Asteraceae). Conclusion: Perception of leishmaniasis, attitude, treatments and diet prohibitions still largely reflects traditional Chayahuita cosmovision, even if some tentative of bio-medical re-interpretation is arising.
ISSN: 0378-8741

hal-01087667
https://hal-agroparistech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01087667
DOI : 10.1016/j.jep.2009.07.015

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Society for Microbiology
Résumé : International audience
Anti-Aspergillus IgG antibodies are important biomarkers for the diagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). We compared the performance of a new commercial EIA (Bordier Affinity Products) with those of the Bio-Rad and VirionSerion EIAs. This assay is novel in the association of two recombinant antigens with somatic and metabolic antigens of A. fumigatus. In a prospective multicentre study, 436 serum samples from 147 patients diagnosed with CPA (136 sera/104 patients) or ABPA (94 sera/43 patients) and from 205 controls (206 sera) were tested. We obtained sensitivities of 97%, 91.7%, and 86.1%, and specificities of 90.3%, 91.3%, and 81.5% for the Bordier, Bio-Rad and VirionSerion tests, respectively. The Bordier kit was more sensitive than the Bio-Rad kit (p < 0.01), which was itself more sensitive than the VirionSerion kit (p=0.04). The Bordier and Bio-Rad kits had similar specificities (p=0.8), both higher than that of the VirionSerion kit (p=0.02). The areas under the ROC curves confirmed the superiority of the Bordier kit over the Bio-Rad and the VirionSerion kits (0.977, 0.951 and 0.897, respectively; p < 0.01 for each comparison). In a subset analysis of 279 sera tested with the Bordier and Bio-Rad kits and an in-house immunoprecipitin assay (IPD), the Bordier kit had the highest sensitivity (97.7%), but the IPD tended to be more specific (71.2 and 84.7%, respectively; p=0.10).The use of recombinant, somatic and metabolic antigens in a single EIA improved the balance between sensitivity and specificity, resulting in an assay highly suitable for use in the diagnosis of chronic and allergic aspergillosis.
ISSN: 0095-1137

hal-01282328
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01282328
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01282328/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01282328/file/Prospective%20evaluation%20of%20a%20new%20Aspergillus.pdf
DOI : 10.1128/JCM.03261-15

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Purpose: Active surveillance is a treatment option for favorable risk prostate cancer. However, data are missing on populations of African descent. We evaluated the safety and benefit of active surveillance in an African Caribbean cohort with favorable risk prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: Between 2005 and 2016, a single center, prospective cohort study was performed in Guadeloupe, French West Indies, including patients on active surveillance who had low risk prostate cancer (prostate specific antigen 10 ng/ml or less and Gleason score 6 or less) or favorable intermediate risk prostate cancer (prostate specific antigen 10 to 20 ng/ml, Gleason score 3 + 4 or less and life expectancy less than 10 years). Treatment was recommended in case of grade progression, increased tumor volume, prostate cancer doubling time less than 36 months or patient wish. Overall survival, disease specific survival and duration of active surveillance were calculated with the KaplanMeier method. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model to identify predictors of active surveillance termination. Results: A total of 234 patients with a median age of 64 years were enrolled in study. Median followup was 4 years (IQR 2.3-5.5). Overall survival at 30 months, 5 years and 10 years was 99.5%, 98.5% and 90.7%, respectively. Disease specific survival at 30 months, and 5 and 10 years was 100%. At 30 months, 5 years and 10 years 72.7%, 52.6% and 40.4% of patients, respectively, remained untreated and on active surveillance. Age (HR 0.96 per additional year, 95% CI 0.93-0.99) and prostate specific antigen density (HR 1.52 per additional 0.1 ng/ml, 95% CI 1.20-1.89) were found to be independent predictors of active surveillance termination. Conclusions: Active surveillance is safe and beneficial for highly selected African Caribbean patients. It seems to be feasible for patients at low risk and intermediate favorable risk. Prostate specific antigen density could help better select these patients.
ISSN: 0022-5347

hal-01519251
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01519251
DOI : 10.1016/j.juro.2016.12.047
PUBMED : 27993665

Résumé : This report synthesises the knowledge on the biogeochemical cycle, bioconcentration processes and ecotoxicity of lead in the marine environment. Man induced changes on the lead cycle, especially along the French coasts are reviewed. Concentration levels, mechanisms and fluxes between geochemical reservoirs are assessed. Emphasis is given on sublethal effects and toxicity mechanisms. Quality standards used in European Community countries are listed. Conclusions and recommendations for environmental management and research are given.
Le présent document constitue une synthèse des connaissances sur le cycle biogéochimique, la bioconcentration et l'écotoxicité du plomb en milieu marin. Il fait état des perturbations du cycle du plomb par l'action de l'homme, en particulier dans le milieu littoral français. Les niveaux de concentration et les quantités échangées entre les réservoirs géochimiques sont évalués. L'accent est mis sur les effets sublétaux et les mécanismes de toxicité vis-à-vis du biotope marin. Les réglementations relatives en milieu marin actuellement en vigueur dans les pays de la Communauté européenne sont répertoriées. Avec les conclusions quelques recommandations en matière de gestion et de recherche sont faites.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1993/rapport-1449.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1449/

Éditeur(s) : CRREF : Centre de Recherche et de Ressources en Education et Formation
Description : Maria Popa-Roch (maître de Conférences en science de l'éducation, IUFM Martinique) présente ses recherches expérimentales sur les préjugés implicites et les identités sociales multiples. Elle s'interroge sur les enjeux pédagogiques autour des activations automatiques et des catégorisations automatiques avec les évaluations des catégories et l?assignation de préjugés implicites.

Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V16081
V16081

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Seven male subjects volunteered to participate in an investigation of whether the diurnalincrease in core temperature influences the effects of pre-cooling or passivewarm-up on muscular power. Morning (07:00-09:00 h) and afternoon (17:00-19:00 h) evaluation of maximal power output during a cycling sprint was performed on different days in a control condition (room at 21.8 °C, 69% rh), after 30 min of pre-cooling in a cold bath (16 °C), or after 30 min of passivewarm-up in a hot bath (38 °C). Despite an equivalent increase from morning to afternoon in core temperature in all conditions (+0.4 °C, P < 0.05), power output displayed a diurnalincrease in control condition only. A local cooling or heating of the leg in a neutral environment blunted the diurnal variation in muscular power. Because pre-cooling decreases muscle power, force and velocity irrespective of time-of-day, athletes should strictly avoid any cooling before a sprint exercise. In summary, diurnal variation in muscle power output seems to be more influenced by muscle rather than core temperature.
ISSN: 1440-2440

hal-00706159
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00706159
DOI : 10.1016/j.jsams.2007.09.008

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The aim of this study is to assess the availability and quality of data from the International GNSS Service (IGS) Global Positioning System (GPS) network in Africa, especially for retrieving zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD), from which precipitable water vapour (PWV) can be derived, in view of application to the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) project. Three major error sources for the GPS data analysis evaluating PWV in Africa are the accuracy of the satellite orbits, the correction for the radio delay induced by the ionosphere and the vertical site displacements due to ocean loading. The first part of this study examines these error sources and the validity of GPS data for meteorological applications in Africa in dedicated analyses spanning the year 2001. These analyses were performed using the IGS precise orbits. Weak degradation of baseline precision with increasing baseline lengths suggests that the average orbital error is not limiting the GPS analysis in Africa. The impact of the ionosphere has been evaluated during a maximum of solar activity in 2001. The loss of L2 data has actually been observed. It amounts to 2% on average for 2001, with maxima of 8% during magnetic storm events. A slight decrease in formal accuracy of ZTD seems to be related to the loss of L2 data at the end of the day. This indicates that scintillation effects are present in the GPS observations but however are not a major limitation. The impact of ocean loading is found to be significant on ZTD estimates (up to ±2 mm in equivalent PWV). The use of a proper ocean loading model eliminates this effect. The second aspect of this study concerns the IGS analysis quality for the African stations. The accuracy has been assessed through position dispersion between individual solutions and the most recent version of the IGS combined solution IGb00, and residuals from the transformation of the IGS combined solution into the International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2005. The positioning performance of the IGS analysis is consistent with an accuracy in ZTD of ±6 mm (±1 mm in PWV), as requested for meteorological applications such as planned in AMMA.
ISSN: 1364-6826

insu-00347961
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00347961
DOI : 10.1016/j.jastp.2007.04.008

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
A novel antimicrobial peptide, named Bicarinalin, has been isolated from the venom of the ant Tetramorium bicarinatum. Its amino acid sequence has been determined by de novo sequencing using mass spectrometry and by Edman degradation. Bicarinalin contained 20 amino acid residues and was C-terminally amidated as the majority of antimicrobial peptides isolated to date from insect venoms. Interestingly, this peptide had a linear structure and exhibited no meaningful similarity with any known peptides. Antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and S. xylosus strains were evaluated using a synthetic replicate. Bicarinalin had a potent and broad antibacterial activity of the same magnitude as Melittin and other hymenopteran antimicrobial peptides such as Pilosulin or Defensin. Moreover, this antimicrobial peptide has a weak hemolytic activity compared to Melittin on erythrocytes, suggesting potential for development into an anti-infective agent for use against emerging antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
ISSN: 0196-9781

hal-00996401
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00996401
DOI : 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.08.018
PUBMED : 22960382

Résumé : Sea fish farms with production of more than 20 tons per year in France must obtain two operating licences: (i) one for Sea Farming (AECM), with the aim of ensuring that the granted site and use of the maritime public domain for exploitation will respect all restrictions of general interest; (ii) one for regulating Facilities Classified for the Protection of the Environment (ICPE). Although the first one requires a relatively simple licence request file, the second one demands a very complete file, which includes, beyond the notice of exploitation information, a complete impact study, as well as a hazards study and a health and safety notice. In this context, petitioners in Corsica (adjustment of status or new exploitation) are faced with the same difficulties, which highlighted the need for a methodological guide adapted to each region's specific situation, assembling in particular the necessary baseline data (legal, zootechnical, geographical, climatic, socio-economic, ecological...) as well as recognised methods for evaluating the potential effects of the farm on the environment. Development of this guide was supported by ADEC and supervised by a steering committee composed of representatives from the administrations concerned, fish farmers and scientific bodies. The significant aspects dealt with the effects of fish farming on Posidonie herbarium, a protected species very present in Corsica and with coordinating the two AECM and ICPE procedures. For each part of the ICPE file, the guide introduces the technical or scientific context and, depending upon the case, the state of the art, sources of available data, acquisition and methods of acquiring measurements and of assessing the potential effects, as well as practical editing recommendations. Finally, the guide is made complete by a model schedule of conditions designed to help petitioners to have a specialist research department incorporate all or part of the file. This guide primarily concerns first-time marine facilities for exploitation in Corsica, conceived of as in the open sea rather than in confined spaces. Nonetheless, any fish farmer or future fish farmer needing to process a request for an exploitation licence may find it useful.
Les piscicultures marines de plus de 20 t/an de production sont soumises en France à l'obtention de deux autorisations d'exploiter : (i) celle au titre des Cultures Marines (AECM), visant à s'assurer que le site concédé et l'usage du domaine public maritime pour l'exploitation permettent de respecter l'ensemble des contraintes d'intérêt général ; (ii) celle au titre de la réglementation des Installations Classées pour la Protection de l'Environnement (ICPE). Si la première nécessite un dossier de demande d'autorisation relativement simple, la seconde requiert un dossier très complet, qui comprend, outre une notice de renseignements sur l'exploitation, une étude d'impact complète, ainsi qu'une étude des dangers et une notice d'hygiène et de sécurité. Dans ce contexte, les demandeurs en Corse (régularisation ou exploitation nouvelle) sont confrontés aux mêmes difficultés, ce qui a mis en évidence le besoin d'un guide méthodologique adapté aux spécificités régionales, rassemblant en particulier les données de base nécessaires (juridiques, zootechniques, géographiques, climatiques, socio-économiques, écologiques...) ainsi que les méthodes reconnues de l'évaluation des effets potentiels de la ferme sur l'environnement. L'élaboration de ce guide a été soutenue par l'ADEC et suivie par un comité de pilotage composé de représentants des administrations concernées, des pisciculteurs et d'organismes scientifiques. Les aspects importants ont porté sur les effets de la pisciculture sur l'herbier de Posidonie, espèce protégée très présente en Corse et sur la coordination entre les deux procédures AECM et ICPE. Pour chaque partie du dossier ICPE, le guide présente le contexte technique ou scientifique et selon le cas, l'état de l'art, les sources de données disponibles, les méthodes d'acquisition des mesures et d'évaluation des effets potentiels, ainsi que des recommandations pratiques de rédaction. Enfin, le guide est complété par un cahier des charges type destiné à aider les demandeurs à confier à un bureau d'étude spécialisé la réalisation de tout ou partie de la constitution du dossier. Ce guide concerne prioritairement les installations marines de nouvelles exploitations en Corse, envisagées en mer ouverte plutôt que dans des espaces confinés. Néanmoins tout pisciculteur ou futur pisciculteur devant instruire une demande d'autorisation d'exploiter peut y trouver intérêt.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2004/rapport-2188.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/2188/