Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : The family Kareniaceae is mostly known in France for recurrent blooms of Karenia mikimotoi in the Atlantic, English Channel, and Mediterranean Sea and for the unusual green discoloration in the saltwater lagoon of Diana (Corsica) caused by Karlodinium corsicum in April 1994. In terms of diversity, this taxonomic group was long overlooked owing to the difficult identification of these small unarmored dinoflagellates. In this study, thanks to the molecular characterization performed on single cells from field samples and cultures, twelve taxonomic units were assigned to the known genera Karenia, Karlodinium and Takayama, whereas one could not be affiliated to any described genus. The molecular phylogeny inferred from the D1–D2 region of the LSU rDNA showed that five of them formed a sister taxon of a known species, and could not be identified at species-level, on the basis of molecular analysis only. Among these latter taxa, one Karlodinium which was successfully cultured was investigated by studying the external morphological features (using two procedures for cells fixation), ultrastructure, pigment composition, and haemolytic activity. The results of our analyses corroborate the genetic results in favour of the erection of Karlodinium gentienii sp. nov., which possesses an internal complex system of trichocysts connected to external micro-processes particularly abundant in the epicone, and a peculiar pigment composition. In addition, preliminary assays showed a haemolytic activity.
Harmful Algae (1568-9883) (Elsevier), 2014-12 , Vol. 40 , P. 75-91

Droits : 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00225/33611/32310.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.hal.2014.10.006
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00225/33611/

Résumé : The slides were taken on collecting trips sponsored by the William L. Bryant Foundation, where books, music and art indigenous to the regions were gathered. The are organized by geographical location.
This image shows workers near a banana loading area, while donkey pulled carts wait. Once the bananas are unloaded from the carts they will be placed on awaiting boats in the bay of Oracabessa, Saint Mary, Jamaica. One of Oracabessa’s famous residents was Ian Fleming. Fleming built his house GoldenEye, nearby, where he wrote many of his James Bond books. Slide labeled Aracabessa Banana Sheds.
Jamaica -- Caribbean region -- Oracabessa, Saint Mary

Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@mail.ucf.edu
CFM1972_01a
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00030897/00001

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Sci Ltd
Résumé : This study analyses the impact on the oceanic mean state of the evolution of the oceanic component (NEMO) of the climate model developed at Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL-CM), from the version IPSL-CM4, used for third phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3), to IPSL-CM5A, used for CMIP5. Several modifications have been implemented between these two versions, in particular an interactive coupling with a biogeochemical module, a 3-band model for the penetration of the solar radiation, partial steps at the bottom of the ocean and a set of physical parameterisations to improve the representation of the impact of turbulent and tidal mixing. A set of forced and coupled experiments is used to single out the effect of each of these modifications and more generally the evolution of the oceanic component on the IPSL coupled models family. Major improvements are located in the Southern Ocean, where physical parameterisations such as partial steps and tidal mixing reinforce the barotropic transport of water mass, in particular in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current) and ensure a better representation of Antarctic bottom water masses. However, our analysis highlights that modifications, which substantially improve ocean dynamics in forced configuration, can yield or amplify biases in coupled configuration. In particular, the activation of radiative biophysical coupling between biogeochemical cycle and ocean dynamics results in a cooling of the ocean mean state. This illustrates the difficulty to improve and tune coupled climate models, given the large number of degrees of freedom and the potential compensating effects masking some biases.
Ocean Modelling (1463-5003) (Elsevier Sci Ltd), 2013-12 , Vol. 72 , P. 167-184

Droits : 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00170/28102/26612.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.ocemod.2013.09.001
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00170/28102/

Éditeur(s) : Montpellier 1
Résumé : Understanding bioaccumulation mechanisms of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is a major issue for environmental risk assessment. In this work, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a model contaminant family, has been studied in the European hake (Merluccius merluccius), a high trophic level species from the Gulf of Lions. High concentrations of PCBs were measured in hake from this area compared to those encountered in the population of the Bay of Biscay. PCB biomagnification was highlighted along its food web from marine phytoplankton, suggesting a strong influence of diet on contamination levels. The role of other biological processes was also apprehended in order to understand the high variability of observed levels. Thus, growth, sex, and also the degree of sexual maturity appear as major factors explaining the measured concentrations in fish. A PCB bioaccumulation model in the hake, based on the Dynamic Energy Budget theory (DEB), was developed. This approach is based on a bioenergetic model, reproducing the main physiological functions of an organism (feeding, growth and reproduction), coupled with a kinetic model of contaminants. The growth and evolution of contamination levels of several PCB congeners during the life of male and female hakes is satisfactorily simulated, both in the Gulf of Lions and in the Bay of Biscay, validating the processes taken into account. This combined modelling approach appears well adapted to study the fate of contaminants in fish, and paves the way for a realistic understanding of their effects on major biological functions of fish.
La compréhension des mécanismes de bioaccumulation des contaminants organiques persistants (POP) est un enjeu majeur pour l'évaluation des risques environnementaux. Lors de ce travail, le devenir d'une famille de contaminants modèles, les polychlorobiphényles (PCB), a été étudié chez une espèce de rang trophique élevé du golfe du Lion, le merlu Européen (Merluccius merluccius). Des concentrations élevées en PCB ont été mesurées dans les merlus de ce secteur en comparaison à celles rencontrées dans la population du golfe de Gascogne. La mise en évidence d'une bioamplification des PCB le long de son réseau trophique, depuis le phytoplancton marin, suggère une influence importante de l'alimentation sur les niveaux de contamination. Le rôle d'autres processus biologiques a également été appréhendé afin de comprendre la forte variabilité des niveaux observés. Ainsi, la croissance, le sexe, mais également le degré de maturité sexuel apparaissent comme des facteurs explicatifs majeurs des concentrations en PCB mesurées dans les poissons. Un modèle de bioaccumulation des PCB chez le merlu, basé sur la théorie de Budget d'Energie Dynamique (DEB), a été développé. Il s'agit d'une approche basée sur le couplage d'un modèle bioénergétique, reproduisant les principales fonctions physiologiques de l'organisme (nutrition, croissance et reproduction), avec un modèle de cinétique des contaminants. La croissance et l'évolution des niveaux de contamination de plusieurs congénères de PCB au cours de la vie des merlus mâles et femelles est simulée de manière satisfaisante, tant dans le golfe de Gascogne que dans le golfe du Lion, validant ainsi les processus pris en compte. Cette approche combinée de modélisation apparaît tout à fait adaptée à l'étude du devenir des contaminants chez les poissons, et ouvre la voie à une compréhension réaliste de leurs effets sur les grandes fonctions biologiques de ces organismes.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/these-6490.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6490/

North America -- Puerto Rico -- Puerto Rico -- San Juan -- San Juan -- Cementerio Santa Maria Magdalena de Parssi
Caribbean

Droits : 2007, Erich Kesse - CC: at-nc-sa (Creative Commons license requiring attribution, prohibiting commercial uses, and requiring rights-share for use of this image.)

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is the most common congenital cerebral malformation, characterized by impaired forebrain cleavage and midline facial anomalies. Heterozygous mutations in 14 genes have been associated with HPE, and are often inherited from an unaffected parent underlying complex genetic bases. It is now emerging that HPE may result from a combination of multiple genetic events, rather than from a single heterozygous mutation. To explore this hypothesis, we undertook whole exome sequencing (WES) and targeted high-throughput sequencing approaches to identify mutations in HPE subjects. We report here two HPE families in which two mutations are implicated in the disease. In the first family presenting two fetuses with alobar and semi-lobar HPE, we found mutations in two genes involved in HPE, SHH and DISP1, inherited respectively from the father and the mother. The second reported case is a family with a 9-year old girl presenting lobar HPE, harbouring two compound heterozygous mutations in DISP1. Together, these cases of digenic inheritance SHH/DISP1 and autosomal recessive HPE suggest that in some families, several genetic events are necessary to cause HPE. This study highlights the complexity of HPE inheritance and has to be taken into account by clinicians to improve HPE genetic counseling.
ISSN: 0009-9163

hal-01259228
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01259228
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01259228/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01259228/file/Complex%20mode%20of%20inheritance%20in%20holoprosencephaly_accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1111/cge.12722

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD MDPI
Résumé : International audience
Marine ecosystems cover about 70% of the planet surface and are still an underexploited source of useful metabolites. Among microbes, filamentous fungi are captivating organisms used for the production of many chemical classes of secondary metabolites bound to be used in various fields of industrial application. The present study was focused on the collection, isolation, screening and genotyping of pigmented filamentous fungi isolated from tropical marine environments around La Réunion Island, Indian Ocean. About 150 micromycetes were revived and isolated from 14 marine samples (sediments, living corals, coral rubble, sea water and hard substrates) collected in four different locations. Forty-two colored fungal isolates belonging to 16 families, 25 genera and 31 species were further studied depending on their ability to produce pigments and thus subjected to molecular identification. From gene sequence analysis, the most frequently identified colored fungi belong to the widespread Penicillium, Talaromyces and Aspergillus genera in the family Trichocomaceae (11 species), then followed by the family Hypocreaceae (three species). This study demonstrates that marine biotopes in La Réunion Island, Indian Ocean, from coral reefs to underwater slopes of this volcanic island, shelter numerous species of micromycetes, from common or uncommon genera. This unstudied biodiversity comes along with the ability for some fungal marine inhabitants, to produce a range of pigments and hues.
ISSN: 2309-608X

hal-01657071
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01657071
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01657071/document
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01657071/file/14-%20Fouillaud%20et%20al.%2C%20J.%20of%20Fungi%202017.pdf
DOI : 10.3390/jof3030036

Éditeur(s) : Soc General Microbiology
Résumé : The Plasmodium falciparum kinome includes a family of four protein kinases (Pfnek-1 to -4) related to the NIMA (never-in-mitosis) family, members of which play important roles in mitosis and meiosis in eukaryotic cells. Only one of these, Pfnek-1, which we previously characterized at the biochemical level, is expressed in asexual parasites. The other three (Pfnek-2, -3 and -4) are expressed predominantly in gametocytes, and a role for nek-2 and nek-4 in meiosis has been documented. Here we show by reverse genetics that Pfnek-1 is required for completion of the asexual cycle in red blood cells and that its expression in gametocytes in detectable by immunofluorescence in male (but not in female) gametocytes, in contrast with Pfnek-2 and Pfnek-4. This indicates that the function of Pfnek-1 is non-redundant with those of the other members of the Pfnek family and identifies Pfnek-1 as a potential target for antimalarial chemotherapy. A medium-throughput screen of a small-molecule library provides proof of concept that recombinant Pfnek-1 can be used as a target in drug discovery.
Microbiology-sgm (1350-0872) (Soc General Microbiology), 2011-10 , Vol. 157 , P. 2785-2794

Droits : 2011 SGM Printed in Great Britain / This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00175/28578/26965.pdf
DOI:10.1099/mic.0.049023-0
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00175/28578/

Éditeur(s) : Springer
Résumé : The transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta superfamily is a group of important growth factors involved in multiple processes such as differentiation, cell proliferation, apoptosis and cellular growth. In the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, the oyster gonadal (og) TGF-beta gene was recently characterized through genome-wide expression profiling of oyster lines selected to be resistant or susceptible to summer mortality. Og TGF-beta appeared specifically expressed in the gonad to reach a maximum when gonads are fully mature, which singularly contrasts with the pleiotropic roles commonly ascribed to most TGF-beta family members. The function of og TGF-beta protein in oysters is unknown, and defining its role remains challenging. In this study, we develop a rapid bacterial production system to obtain recombinant og TGF-beta protein, and we demonstrate that og TGF-beta is processed by furin to a mature form of the protein. This mature form can be detected in vivo in the gonad. Functional inhibition of mature og TGF-beta in the gonad was conducted by inactivation of the protein using injection of antibodies. We show that inhibition of og TGF-beta function tends to reduce gonadic area. We conclude that mature og TGF-beta probably functions as an activator of germ cells development in oyster.
Marine Biotechnology (1436-2228) (Springer), 2011-10 , Vol. 13 , N. 5 , P. 971-980

Droits : Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15371/13438.pdf
DOI:10.1007/s10126-010-9361-4
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15371/

North America -- Puerto Rico -- Puerto Rico -- San Juan -- San Juan -- Cementerio Santa Maria Magdalena de Parssi
Caribbean

Droits : 2007, Erich Kesse - CC: at-nc-sa (Creative Commons license requiring attribution, prohibiting commercial uses, and requiring rights-share for use of this image.)

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : Antimicrobial peptides play a major role in innate immunity. The penaeidins, initially characterized from the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, are a family of antimicrobial peptides that appear to be expressed in all penaeid shrimps. As of recent, a large number of penaeid nucleotide sequences have been identified from a variety of penaeid shrimp species and these sequences currently reside in several databases under unique identifiers with no nomenclatural continuity. To facilitate research in this field and avoid potential confusion due to a diverse number of nomenclatural designations, we have made a systematic effort to collect, analyse, and classify all the penaeidin sequences available in every database. We have identified a common penaeidin signature and subsequently established a classification based on amino acid sequences. In order to clarify the naming process, we have introduced a 'penaeidin nomenclature' that can be applied to all extant and future penaeidins. A specialized database, PenBase, which is freely available at http://www.penbase.immunaqua.com, has been developed for the penaeidin family of antimicrobial peptides, to provide comprehensive information about their properties, diversity and nomenclature. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Developmental & Comparative Immunology (0145-305X) (Elsevier), 2006 , Vol. 30 , N. 3 , P. 283-288

Droits : 2005 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-2332.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.dci.2005.04.003
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/2332/

Résumé : The principal objective of the work carried out in the deep waters adjoining the island shelf around Martinique between July 1991 and april 1992 was to establish an initial inventory of potentially exploitable deep benthic resources.The cylindrical lobster pot used during fishing experiments allowed the catch of a varied carcinological marine organisms of which six species at least have economic interest : 5 species of shrimp all belonging to the sub-order of Caridea of the Pandalidae family : Plesionika edwardsi, P. (macropoda) polyacanthomerus, P.laevis, Heterocarpus ensifer and H.laevigatus, and one species of prawn of the Nephropidae family : Eunephrops cadenasi. The yields, compared to those of commercial fishermen, were medium or good for Plesionika edwardsi and P. (macropoda) polyacanthomerus between depths of 200 - 300 metres ; for Plesionika laevis and Eunephrops cadenasi in the vicinity 500 metres ; for Heterocarpus laevigatus below 700 metres. The species Heterocarpus ensifer , of which the vertical distribution is very spread out from 170 to 600 metres, seems divided into two populations which provide good yields about 300 metres and below of 450 mètres. Data on the environment and the biology of the species where also established, especially on growth and breeding. For example growth of the pandalids is relatively rapid and their life cycle rather short, between three and four or five years according to the species. At least 2 principal egg-laying seasons occur in the annual cycle. Information is given on the isopoda of the family of Cirolanidae, Bathynomus giganteus, which could eventually, under certain conditions, become of interest to the fishermen.
Les pêches expérimentales effectuées dans les eaux profondes circum-martiniquaises,attenantes au plateau insulaire, entre juillet 1991 et avril 1992, avaient pour principal objectif d'établir un premier inventaire des ressources benthiques profondes potentiellement exploitables. Le casier cylindrique , a permis la capture d'une faune carcinologique variée dont 6 espèces au-moins ont présenté un intérêt économique : 5 espèces de crevettes appartenant toutes à l'infra-ordre des Caridea, famille des Pandalidae, Plesionika edwardsi, P. (macropoda) polyacanthomerus, P.laevis, Heterocarpus ensifer et H.laevigatus, et une espèce de langoustine, famille des Nephropidae: Eunephrops cadenasi. Les rendements, comparés à ceux des professionnels, sont moyens ou bons pour Plesionika edwardsi et P.(macropoda) polyacanthomerus entre 200 et 300 mètres de profondeur; pour Plesionika laevis et Eunephrops cadenasi autour de 500 mètres ; pour Heterocarpus laevigatus en-dessous de 700 mètres. L'espèce Heterocarpus ensifer dont la distribution verticale est très étendue, de 170 à 600 mètres, semble divisée en 2 populations pour lesquelles de bons rendements peuvent être obtenus vers 300 mètres et en-dessous de 450 mètres. Des données sur l'environnement et la biologie des espèces ont également été acquises, notamment sur la croissance et la reproduction. Ainsi la croissance des pandalides est relativement rapide et leur longévité plutôt courte, entre 3 et 4 ou 5 années selon les espèces. Au moins deux pontes principales interviennent sur un cycle annuel. Des informations sont données sur l'isopode de la famille des Cirolanidae, Bathynomus giganteus, qui pourrait éventuellement, sous certaines conditions, présenter un intérêt pour les pêcheurs.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1994/rapport-1540.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1540/

Éditeur(s) : ISTPM
Résumé : Crayfishing is not particularly organized in the French islands as their population is not fond of large crustaceans. However, young crayfishes, about the size of the European scampi are ordered by rich Creoles for receptions or family gatherings. But lobsters, heavier than 0.750 to 1 kilo are eaten only by Europeans.Any fisherman who is asked to provide 10 kilos of crayfish catches them very quickly with a brass snare or a hook placed underneath the rocks. Some artisans gather the crustaceans in large rectangular baskets made of wire mesh and called "gardes", to wait for the potential customer. There is no specific pot for this type of fishing whereas Creole wicker makers worked hard on the creation of tools both complex and difficult to make to catch small morays; a fish which does not have a great commercial value.Consequently, it is impossible to precisely assess the importance of the exploitable large crustacean stock based on the catches of the Creole fishermen. If the performances of some crayfish boats from Douarnenez, using Mauritanian nets on the banks of St-Martin, can be considered as extremely satisfactory, it is not the case of other attempts. A whole study has to be undertaken. This note is only the beginning of a larger work focusing on the natural history of the crayfishes and Spanish lobsters in the waters of the arc of the Petites Antilles.
La pêche des langoustes n'est pas spécialement organisée dans les îles françaises, la population n'étant que peu friande de gros crustacés. Toutefois de jeunes langoustes, de la taille de la langoustine européenne sont commandées aux pêcheurs par les riches créoles, à l'occasion de réceptions ou de fêtes familiales; mais les « homards») dépassant le poids de 0,750 à 1 kilo sont consommés seulement par les Européens. Le pêcheur. auquel on demande de fournir 10 kilos de langoustes, les capture rapidement au collet de laiton ou au crochet sous les cayes, Certains artisans rassemblent les crustacés dans de grandes nasses rectangulaires de grillage métallique, appelées « gardes », en attendant l'acheteur éventuel. Il n'existe pas de type de casier spécial à cette pêche, alors que les vanniers créoles se sont ingéniés, par exemple, à créer des engins compliqués et difficiles à construire pour capturer les petites murènes appelées « moringues » qui n'ont pourtant que peu de valeur commerciale. Il est donc impossible de se faire une idée précise de l'importance du stock de gros crustacés exploitable en se basant sur les apports des pêcheurs créoles. Si les rendements de certains langoustiers douarnenistes, travaillant au filet mauritanien sur les bancs de St-Martin, ont pu être considérés comme extrêmement satisfaisants, il n'en est pas de même à propos d'autres tentatives. Il y a là toute une étude à entreprendre. Cette note n'est que le début d'un travail concernant l'histoire naturelle des langoustes et scyllares des eaux de l'arc des Petites Antilles. [OCR NON CONTRÔLE]
Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Pêches Maritimes (0035-2276) (ISTPM), 1958-03 , Vol. 22 , N. 1 , P. 105-114

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1958/publication-4567.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4567/

Éditeur(s) : Taylor & Francis Ltd
Résumé : A new benthic phototrophic dinoflagellate is described from sediments of a tropical marine cove at Martinique Island and its micromorphology is studied by means of light and electron microscopy. The cell contains small golden-brown chloroplasts and the oval nucleus is posterior. It is laterally compressed, almost circular in shape when viewed laterally. It consists of a small epitheca tilted toward the right lateral side and a larger hypotheca. In the left view, the cingulum is more anterior and the epitheca is reduced. The cingulum is displaced and left-handed. This organism is peculiar in having no apical pore and its thecal plate arrangement is 2 ' 1a 7 '' 5c 3s 5 ''' 1 ''''. The plates are smooth with small groups of pores scattered on their surface. An area with 60-80 densely arranged pores is found near the centre of the 2 ''' plate, on the left lateral side. Morphologically, these features are different from all other laterally compressed benthic genera. In addition, molecular genetic sequences of SSU and partial LSU form a distinct and well-supported clade among dinoflagellates and support the erection of a new genus. However, molecular phylogenies inferred from ribosomal genes failed to confirm any clear relationship with other benthic taxa and affinity with other laterally compressed dinoflagellates has not been demonstrated. Hence, the taxonomic affinity of Madanidinium loirii with a defined order and family is unclear at the moment.
European Journal Of Phycology (0967-0262) (Taylor & Francis Ltd), 2014-04 , Vol. 49 , N. 2 , P. 165-178

Droits : 2014 British Phycological Society
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00195/30622/29458.pdf
DOI:10.1080/09670262.2014.898797
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00195/30622/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Résumé : International audience
In the fragmented colonial society of the West Indies during the slavery period, building up a stable family required to get over many obstacles. The status differences, the lack of fluidity in the marriage market and the deep redefinition of the gender relations are interrelated phenomenon which question both the marriage as being the unique pattern of family organization and the structuration of family ties. If the official conjugal model remains the norm for white Creole women, it is not true neither for their husband nor for free coloured people and slaves. Therefore, the expansion of adultery and people living as husband and wife, which were denounced particularly by the religious authorities, lead to a high rate and continuous growth of illegitimate births. As a consequence, family ties gradually develop with no institutional control, hence no traces of them in the different sources but it also gives them an obvious flexibility, especially for the slaves.
Dans les sociétés coloniales fragmentées des Antilles de la période esclavagiste, les obstacles à la constitution de familles stables sont nombreux. Les différences de statut, le manque de fluidité du marché matrimonial, et la redéfinition profonde des rapports de genre sont autant de phénomènes articulés qui remettent en cause le mariage comme élément unique d'organisation de la famille et de structuration des relations de parenté. Si le modèle conjugal reconnu par les autorités reste la norme obligée pour les femmes blanches créoles, il n'en est pas de même pour leurs maris et pour les populations de couleur libre ou esclave. Aussi, l'essor du concubinage et des relations adultérines, dénoncé en particulier par les autorités religieuses, se concrétise par une illégitimité des naissances élevée et en croissance continue. Les liens familiaux se construisent ainsi en partie en dehors du contrôle institutionnel, ce qui leur confère une invisibilité dans les sources, mais aussi une souplesse certaine, particulièrement chez les esclaves.
Annales de Demographie Historique

hal-00753581
https://hal-unilim.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00753581

Éditeur(s) : Gleaner Co. Gleaner Co. ( Kingston, Jamaica )
Résumé : "Most of the following chapters first appeared in the Daily gleaner."- Pref.
A visit to Panama: p. 153-162.
(Biographical) From Wikipedia for H. G. de Lisser, from 29 June 2013: Herbert George de Lisser CMG (9 December 1878 - 19 May 1944) was a Jamaican journalist and author. He has been called "one of the most conspicuous figures in the history of West Indian literature". De Lisser was born in Falmouth, Jamaica, and attended William Morrison's Collegiate School in Kingston. He started work at the Institute of Jamaica at the age of 14. Three years later he joined the Jamaica Daily Gleaner, of which his father was editor, as a proofreader, and two years later became a reporter on the Jamaica Times. In 1903, De Lisser became assistant editor of the Gleaner and was editor within the year. He wrote several articles for the paper every day. He also produced a novel or non-fiction book every year, beginning in 1913 with Jane: A Story of Jamaica, significant for being the first West Indian novel to have a central black character. Another famous novel of his, The White Witch of Rosehall (1929), is linked to a legend of a haunting in Jamaica. De Lisser also wrote several plays. In December 1920 he began publishing an annual magazine, Planters' Punch. De Lisser devoted much time and effort to the revival of the Jamaican sugar industry and represented Jamaica at a number of sugar conferences around the world. He was also general secretary of the Jamaica Imperial Association, honorary president of the Jamaica Press Association, and chairman of the West Indian section of the Empire Press Union. He was appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the 1920 New Year Honours.
(Statement of Responsibility) by H. G. De Lisser.
Jamaica
Cuba
Panama

001665789
24569573
AHX7577
11027504 //r
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00080939/00001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
In this paper we investigate solutions to the semi-linear wave equation in canonical form with non Lipschitz non-linearity and distributions or other generalized functions as data. To give a meaning to the Goursat problem with irregular data, we replace it by a biparametric family of problems. The first parameter turns the problem into a family of Lipschitz problems, the second one regularizes the data. Finally, the problem is solved in an appropriate algebra. We show that the solution is equal to the non-regularized one. In the examples, we take advantage of our results to give a new approach of the blow-up problem.
Differential Equations & Applications

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
hal-00345090
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00345090
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00345090v2/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00345090/file/Devoue-Goursat-wellposed-12-08.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Estrogen receptors (ER) α and β are found in both women and men in many tissues, where they have different functions, including having roles in cell proliferation and differentiation of the reproductive tract. In addition to estradiol (E2), a natural hormone, numerous compounds are able to bind ERs and modulate their activities. Among these compounds, phytoestrogens such as isoflavones, which are found in plants, are promising therapeutics for several pathologies. Glyceollins are second metabolites of isoflavones that are mainly produced in soybean in response to an elicitor. They have potentially therapeutic actions in breast cancer by reducing the proliferation of cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanisms driving these effects remain elusive. METHODS: First, to determine the proliferative or anti-proliferative effects of glyceollins, in vivo and in vitro approaches were used. The length of epithelial duct in mammary gland as well as uterotrophy after treatment by E2 and glyceollins and their effect on proliferation of different breast cell line were assessed. Secondly, the ability of glyceollin to activate ER was assessed by luciferase assay. Finally, to unravel molecular mechanisms involved by glyceollins, transcriptomic analysis was performed on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. RESULTS: In this study, we show that synthetic versions of glyceollin I and II exert anti-proliferative effects in vivo in mouse mammary glands and in vitro in different ER-positive and ER-negative breast cell lines. Using transcriptomic analysis, we produce for the first time an integrated view of gene regulation in response to glyceollins and reveal that these phytochemicals act through at least two major pathways. One pathway involving FOXM1 and ERα is directly linked to proliferation. The other involves the HIF family and reveals that stress is a potential factor in the anti-proliferative effects of glyceollins due to its role in increasing the expression of REDD1, an mTORC1 inhibitor. CONCLUSION: Overall, our study clearly shows that glyceollins exert anti-proliferative effects by reducing the expression of genes encoding cell cycle and mitosis-associated factors and biomarkers overexpressed in cancers and by increasing the expression of growth arrest-related genes. These results reinforce the therapeutic potential of glyceollins for breast cancer.
ISSN: 1478-811X

hal-01560288
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01560288
DOI : 10.1186/s12964-017-0182-1
PUBMED : 28666461

Éditeur(s) : Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc
Résumé : The work reported here was motivated by the economical importance of the pacific blue shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris farming where high mortality rates are due to bacterial and viral diseases. It consists in the characterisation of two original peptides, the first members of a new multifunctional family of peptides from peneide shrimps, the stylicines. Those two peptides, named stylicines 1 and 2, are negatively charged (pI < 6.0), and characterised by a proline-rich N-terminal region and a C-terminal region containing 13 cysteine residues. Stylicines are synthesized by heamocytes where they are stored within small cytoplasmic granules. To understand the role of these peptides in the immune response of shrimps to a vibrio infection, their recombinant forms were produced in E. coli BL21 (DE3) plysS, purified and characterised. The two rstylicines display biological anti-proliferative and blood clotting activities. Only rstylicine 1 displays antimicrobial activities: antifungal against Fusarium oxysporum (MIC<2.5μM) and bacteriostatic against Gram (−) bacteria, Vibrio sp. (MIC<80μM). Moreover this peptide displays an LPS-binding activity (dissociation constant (Kd) of 9.6×10−8 M) and agglutinate Vibrio. penaeicida "in vitro". Finally, the presence of sequences coding for modified forms of stylicine 1 in some shrimp’s genome may be in relation with their lower ability to survive infections.
Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire ont été motivés par l’importance économique de l’élevage de la crevette bleue du pacifique Litopenaeus stylirostris dont les fortes mortalités sont principalement dues au développement de maladies bactériennes et virales. Ils ont consisté en la caractérisation des deux premiers membres d’une famille originale de peptides multifonctionnels présents chez les crevettes pénéides, les stylicines. Ces peptides, nommés stylicines 1 et 2, sont des peptides anioniques (pI < 6.0), formés d’une région amino-terminale riche en résidus de type proline et d’une région carboxyterminale riche de treize résidus cystéines. Ces molécules sont synthétisées et stockées dans de petits granules présents dans le cytoplasme des hémocytes. Pour mieux appréhender leurs rôles dans la réponse immunitaire des crevettes à une infection par des Vibrio, leurs formes recombinantes ont été produites dans E. coli BL21 (DE3) plysS, purifiées et caractérisées. Les deux rstylicines présentent des activités antiproliférative et anticoagulante. Seule la rstylicine1 présente des activités antimicrobiennes : antifongique sur Fusarium oxysporum (CMI<2.5 μM), et antibactérienne (bactériostatique) sur Vibrio sp (CMI<80 μM). Ce peptide est également capable de se lier aux LPS des bactéries à Gram (-) (Kd= 9.6x10-8 M) et d’agglutiner V. penaeicida "in vitro". Enfin, l’existence de gènes codant des formes modifiées de la stylicine1, chez certaines crevettes, pourrait être en relation avec une diminution de la résistante des individus aux infections.

Droits : 2010 The Author, Univ Montpellier 2
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00024/13558/10612.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00024/13558/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Coming from Crimea, the Black Death spread to Western Europe and North Africa during the 1340s. From 1346 to 1352, the plague killed an estimated 25-40% of Europeans of all age-groups [1] , i.e., 30 to 60% of Europe population. One of the earliest and most widely accepted explanations was that God was punishing humanity for their sins. One remedy for the curse was to do penitence. Thus in 1348 there rapidly arose a mass movement of flagellation [2]. In fact flagellation could not really help against such threat. The Black Death or Bubonic plague is caused by Yersinia pestis, a Eubacteria discovered in 1894 by Alexandre Yersin. It is transmitted by the bite of the flea Xenopsylla cheopsis. This flea lives by feeding the blood of many species besides man but its most preferred relationship is with the black rat (Rattus rattus). Fossilized remains of the plague flea have been found in large numbers in Amarna, Egypt [3, 4] about 1350 BC, and thus could be directly linked to the events described in the Book of Samuel [5, 6]. During the epidemic of Bubonic plague in London in 1665-1666, the known treatments were made use of, e.g. the so-famous Theriac or Venice Treacle which is used from the time of ancient Rome as a remedy against poison [7]. Since then, more specialized and novel treatments have been developed. However, since the characterization of Yersinia pestis, numerous drugs have been developed against it, e.g. gentamicin or doxycycline [8]. These researches had been carried out using more elaborated biochemical, biophysical and biological approaches.
Infectious disorders drug targets

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
inserm-00395256
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00395256
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00395256/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00395256/file/editorial.pdf
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00395256/file/inserm-00395256_edited.pdf