Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BMJ Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
OBJECTIVES: Social position and social mobility are associated with cancer incidence and mortality, yet little is known about their association with mediating factors such as occupational exposures to carcinogens. Our aim was to assess the association between the type of professional trajectory and multiple occupational exposure profiles. METHOD: Data were extracted from the Giscop93 study (n = 1 009), which is a cohort of cancer patients with (mainly) respiratory tumours. Job histories were reconstructed through interview, then a multi-disciplinary expert group examined the probability of occupational exposure to a list of 54 potentially carcinogenic agents. The typology of professional trajectories was built based on employment stability, employment continuity, job qualification trend, and multiple skills through Multiple Correspondence Analysis followed by Ascending Hierarchical Classification. Association with multiple-exposure profiles was then assessed through multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Men and women differed in terms of predominant job category over the lifecourse (68,2% of blue-collar-workers among men, 57,3% of employees among women, p extless 0.0001). Professional trajectories were grouped in four classes as "stable qualified, employee" (21,3%), "stable manual, independent blue-collar-worker" (24,4%), "stable tiring, no gain in qualification" (30,5%), and "very unstable, precarious" (23,8%). Among men, the last two categories were associated with exposure to at least five different occupational carcinogens (ORstable_tiring/stable_qualified=2,0 [1,3;3,1], ORvery_unstable/stable_qualified=2,6 [1,6;4,2]). No such association was found among women. CONCLUSIONS: The association found between the type of professional trajectory and multiple occupational exposures among men should be replicated among people not suffering cancer. Forthcoming analysis will investigate the gendered differences observed.
ISSN: 1351-0711

hal-01063899
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01063899
DOI : 10.1136/oemed-2014-102362.266

Résumé : The slides were taken on collecting trips sponsored by the William L. Bryant Foundation, where books, music and art indigenous to the regions were gathered. The are organized by geographical location.
Andros, the largest island in the Bahamas, is made up of several islets and cays. Andros is also separated into three tidal areas: North, Middle and South Bights. Two men sit in a row boat on the tidal flats near an anchored boat in South Bight, Andros, Bahamas. A few young mangroves are growing in the tidal flats. Various images from this fishing trip were featured in William Junior Bryant’s book “Flames of Life: A Pictorial Philosophy,” first published in 1961. Slide labeled South Bight Andros.
Bahamas -- North America -- South Bight, Andros

Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@mail.ucf.edu
CFM1972_01a
Sheet 6:11
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00028496/00001

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Cet article étudie l’évolution de la Consommation énergétique des ménages à La Réunion entre 1980 et 2005, en mettant l’accent sur le domaine de la consommation domestique d’électricité. Il montre que cet espace, autonome sur un plan énergétique au début des années 1980, a connu une dépendance de plus en plus forte vis-à-vis des approvisionnements en ressources fossiles durant les deux dernières décennies, sous la pression des mutations démographiques, économiques et sociologiques engagées. Depuis le début des années 2000, sous l’impulsion des politiques publiques, essentiellement fiscales, La Réunion s’engage dans le développement des énergies renouvelables, essentiellement le photovoltaïque, en s’affichant en tête des régions françaises et européennes dans la maîtrise de cette production énergétique.
This article aims at studying the evolution of the domestic consumption of energy in Reunion island between 1980 and 2005 (electricity consumption). It shows that this area which reached its energetic autonomy at the beginning of the 80’s has known a strong dependency from fossil resources for the last two decades, due to the increasing pressures of demographic, economic and sociological factors. Since the beginning of the 2000’s, as a result of public policies impulsion (mainly fiscal policies), Reunion island has developed the use of renewable resources (essentially photovoltaic). It tends to be now one of the first French and European regions mastering this energy production process.
Réunion

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.3519
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/3519

Éditeur(s) : CFQCU : Conseil Franco-Québécois de Coopération Universitaire CRILLASH : Centre de Recherches Interdisciplinaires en Lettres, Langues, Arts et Sciences Humaines LEO : Laboratoire d'Ethnomusicologie et d'Organologie CIRCPLES : Centre Interdisciplinaire Récits, Cultures, Psychanalyse, Langues Et Sociétés
Extrait de : "Signature performancielle et construction identitaire" : journées d'étude, les 24 et 25 mai 2011. Université des Antilles et de la Guyane
Description : Madame Mahalia Lassibille nous présente son travail de recherche sur les Peuls Wodaabe du Niger. Peuple nomade du Niger, les Wodaabe sont connus pour leur danse traditionnelle, devenue aujourd'hui une véritable vitrine touristique et culturelle de leur pays. Les recherches de Madame Lassibille l'ont mené à étudier comment cette danse traditionnelle a été le moyen d'affirmer leur identité et de mener de nombreuses revendications politiques et économiques ? Une danse au coeur de l'affirmation et de la réaffirmation identitaire. Comment ces nouvelles pratiques culturelles et touristiques sont perçues par les ethnologues, les touristes et les Wodaabe ? Cette étude sera suivie d'un débat intéressant.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V12019
V12019

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Twenty-five years after the fight started against Wuchereria bancrofti var. pacifica in French Polynesia and which was based upon mass chimiotherapy by diethylcarbamazine (Banocide), a survey realized in 1975 and 1976 among 274 patients with elephantiasis allows us to give precise details of the local clinical and epidemiological aspects. Since 1950 the number of clinical cases varies along with the parasitological incidence, but with a certain delay which is explained by the late and irreversible elephantiasis characteristics. The overall prevalence is actually low. However the occurrence of new cases, although very rare, is still possible. Among sick patients the lymphangitic crisis frequency whose aspect lead to evoke a bacterial participation, is low. Women are less frequently and less severely involved than men. Localisations are essentially restricted to the lower limbs. Several limbs are involved in approximately 50 0/0 of the cases. The scrotum involvement is rare, the one of the breast is found only once. Among men we can notice a 33 0/0 incidence of associated hydroceles. A past history of chyluria is not rare.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales

hal-00715421
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00715421
PUBMED : 385163

Résumé : L'écart de la représentation politique des femmes entre la Guadeloupe et la Martinique a été à l'origine de notre interrogation sur la socialisation politique des femmes aux Antilles françaises. En interrogeant des élus guadeloupéens et martiniquais (hommes et femmes) nous avons tenté de comprendre en quoi la socialisation politique pouvait expliquer le niveau d'engagement des femmes en politique. Le·genre étant le concept su lequel se fonde la société pour justifier la séparation et la hiérarchisation des individus masculins et féminins c'est par le biais du processus de socialisation sexué que les individus apprennent leurs rôles genrés. Si cette séparation des hommes et des femmes dans des sphères distinctes (publique et privée) tend à freiner le femmes dans leur engagement politique, les élues antillaises n'auraient pas été majoritairement touchées pas une socialisation politique sexuée. Au contraire, la matrifocalité présente aux Antilles françaises aurait permi un certain nombre de femmes d'être socialisée similairement aux hommes. Mais la société empreinte de valeurs genrées aurait tout de même freiné les femmes dans l'entame d'une carrière politique. Si la famille transmet des valeurs politiques de base, que les partis politiques n'ont qu'un rôle relatif d'agent socialisateur le monde associatif semble être un agent de socialisation déterminant en termes d'engagement politique, un révélateur et un propulseur d'hommes et de femmes dans le monde politique. Socialisés aux valeurs politiques, ces élus deviennent également des agents de socialisation politique pour les jeunes qui peuvent représenter la relève politique.
Differences in the political representation of women between Guadeloupe and Martinique were the source c our questioning about the political socialisation of women in the French West Indies. Sy interviewing elected men and women in Guadeloupe and Martinique, we tried to understand how political socialization coul explain the level of involvement of women in politics. With gender being the concept from which any societ justifies the process of separation and hierarchy between male and female individuals, it is through the sexual socialization process that individuals learn their gendered raies. If this separation between men and women in both public and private spheres tends to impede women in their political commitment, elected women of the French West Indies have not been disproportionately affected by sexual political socialization. On the contrary, the matrifocality in the French West Indies would have allowed a number of women to be socialise dsimilarly to men. However, the strong gendered values of this society would have still hampered women at the beginning of their political career. While family provides basic political values, political parties have only a relative role of socializing agent. However, associations seem to be a decisive/crucial socializing agent in terms of political commitment, acting as a career booster for men and women in politics. Socialized to political values, these elected individuals become in turn factors of political socialization for young people whe represent the next political generation.

http://www.theses.fr/2012AGUY0498/document

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD RNTI
Résumé : International audience
De nombreuses méthodes ont été proposées pour extraire des clus-ters des réseaux sociaux. Si un travail important est aujourd’hui mené sur laconception de méthodes innovantes capables de rechercher des clusters de na-ture différente, la plupart des approches font l’hypothèse de réseaux statiques.L’une des récentes méthodes concerne notamment la recherche de liens concep-tuels. Il s’agit d’une nouvelle approche de clustering de liens, qui exploite à lafois la structure du réseau et les attributs des noeuds dans le but d’identifier desliens fréquents entre des groupes de noeuds au sein desquels les noeuds par-tagent des attributs communs. Dans ce travail, nous nous intéressons au suivides liens conceptuels dans des réseaux dynamiques, c’est-à-dire des réseaux quiconnaissent des changements structurels importants. Nous cherchons en parti-culier à comprendre comment les liens conceptuels se forment et évoluent aucours du développement du réseau. Pour ce faire, nous proposons un ensemblede mesures qui visent à capturer des comportements caractérisant l’évolutionde ces clusters. Notre approche est ainsi utilisée pour comprendre l’évolutiondes liens conceptuels extraits sur deux réseaux réels : un réseau de co-auteursd’articles scientifiques et un réseau de communications mobiles. Les résultatsobtenus permettent de mettre en lumière des tendances significatives dans l’évo-lution des clusters sur ces deux réseaux.
Extraction et Gestion des Connaissances (EGC) 2017. Revue des Nouvelles Technologies de l'Information vol.RNTI-E-33
Grenoble, France

hal-01514245
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01514245

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
Résumé : International audience
Objectives: Lung cancer risk associated with occupational cleaning activities has been investigated in the population-based case-control study ICARE. Methods: Occupational history was collected by standardized interviews. Jobs were first defined according to the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) codes and then categorized according to activity sectors. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression, separately for women (619 cases and 760 controls) and men (2265 and 2780). Results: Thirty percent of women and 2.3% of men controls ever held a cleaner or care job. Women who worked as housemaids longer than 7 years showed an OR of 1.76 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.09 to 2.87] with respect to controls. Women employed in domestic service sector for a long time had an OR of 2.06 (95% CI 1.15 to 3.66). Conclusion: We confirmed and redefined the association of lung cancer with occupational cleaning, which concerns a considerable proportion of women workers.
ISSN: 1076-2752

hal-01359564
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01359564
DOI : 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000722
PUBMED : 27206119

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
AIM: To describe the main characteristics and the treatment of cryptococcosis in patients with sarcoidosis. DESIGN: Multicenter study including all patients notified at the French National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals. METHODS: Retrospective chart review. Each case was compared with two controls without opportunistic infections. RESULTS: Eighteen cases of cryptococcosis complicating sarcoidosis were analyzed (13 men and 5 women). With 2749 cases of cryptococcosis registered in France during the inclusion period of this study, sarcoidosis accounted for 0.6% of all the cryptococcosis patients and for 2.9% of the cryptococcosis HIV-seronegative patients. Cryptococcosis and sarcoidosis were diagnosed concomitantly in four cases; while sarcoidosis was previously known in 14/18 patients, including 12 patients (67%) treated with steroids. The median rate of CD4 T cells was 145 per mm(3) (range: 55-1300) and not related to steroid treatment. Thirteen patients had cryptococcal meningitis (72%), three osteoarticular (17%) and four disseminated infections (22%). Sixteen patients (89%) presented a complete response to antifungal therapy. After a mean follow-up of 6 years, no death was attributable to cryptococcosis. Extra-thoracic sarcoidosis and steroids were independent risk factors of cryptococcosis in a logistic regression model adjusted with the sex of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Cryptococcosis is a significant opportunistic infection during extra-thoracic sarcoidosis, which occurs in one-third of the cases in patients without any treatment; it is not associated to severe CD4 lymphocytopenia and has a good prognosis.
ISSN: 1460-2725

hal-00873410
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00873410
DOI : 10.1093/qjmed/hct052
PUBMED : 23515400

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Masson
Résumé : International audience
Cancer is the main complication of transplantation surgery. The literature concerning renal transplant recipients among the Afro-Caribbean population is scant. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of cancer in these patients, with the secondary objective being to identify predisposing factors for cancer. This was an epidemiological and retrospective study that included all Guadeloupians of phototype V-VI undergoing renal transplantation from 01/01/2004 to 31/12/2011. Skin cancer screening was performed before transplantation and during an annual dermatological consultation following transplantation. Screening for non-cutaneous cancers was guided by clinical symptoms or by the results of the screening examinations recommended in the current guidelines. At the study time-point (31/12/2011), all patients were examined by a dermatologist. One hundred and two patients were included : 42 women and 60 men (mean age: 52.1±11.6 years at transplantation). Eight cancers were diagnosed. The cumulative incidence of cancer was 7.8% at 3 years. Three factors were associated with more rapid onset of cancer: personal history or familial history of cancer, and genital lesion induced by HPV. Our results suggest a low incidence of cancer in Afro-Caribbean renal transplant patients. Personal or family history of cancer and HPV-induced genital lesions would appear to accelerate the onset of cancer in this population.
ISSN: 0151-9638

hal-01260468
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01260468
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01260468/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01260468/file/2015%2C%20Ameline.pdf
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01260468/file/14%20148%20Fig%201%20ap.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Purpose: Social inequalities in cancer incidence and mortality have been reported in France, but no data are available for the French overseas territories. Our objective was to explore the association between cancer incidence and the socioeconomic level of the residence area in the French West Indies. Methods: Cancer incidence data were obtained from the cancer registries of Guadeloupe and Martinique (2009–2010). To assess socioeconomic status, we developed a specific index of social deprivation from census data at a small area level. We used Bayesian methods to evaluate the association between cancer incidence and the deprivation index, for all cancers combined and for the major cancer sites. Results: There was no clear association between area‐based deprivation and the incidence of all cancers combined. In men, higher area deprivation was associated with a higher incidence of prostate cancer (relative risk (RR) 1.25, 95% credible interval (CI) 1.04–1.49; RR 1.08, CI 0.91–1.29 in the categories of intermediate and high deprivation, respectively, compared to low deprivation), but was not associated with respiratory cancer. Women living in the most deprived areas had a higher incidence of stomach (RR 1.77, CI 1.12–2.89), breast (RR 1.15, CI 0.90–1.45), and cervical (RR 1.13, CI 0.63–2.01) cancers and a lower incidence of respiratory cancer (RR 0.65, CI 0.38–1.11). Conclusion: These first results in the French West Indies suggest specific patterns for some cancer sites that need to be further investigated. © 2017, Springer International Publishing AG.
Cancer Causes and Control

hal-01671494
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01671494
DOI : 10.1007/s10552-017-0946-3
PUBMED : 28849411

Éditeur(s) : ISTPM
Résumé : Le présent rapport est le résultat d'un travail de prospection mené sur tout le littoral martiniquais depuis février 1971. Cet inventaire des gisements naturels, de leur importance et de leur exploitation sur le plan local est le premier pas vers une extension éventuelle de l'ostréiculture dans ce département d'outre-mer (1).
Science et Pêche (0036-8350) (ISTPM), 1972-05 , Vol. 214 , P. 1-19

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1972/publication-7084.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/7084/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Among infertile couples, approximately half have to face with male infertility. In men with non-obstructive azoospermia, surgical retrieval testicular sperm extraction (TESE) of spermatozoa can be attempted, but with low success rates. A specific biomarker that could predict residual spermatogenesis would obviously be of interest before performing TESE. Thus, our aim was to identify biomarkers of residual spermatogenesis in seminal plasma of patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) using an isotope-coded protein label (ICPL)-based proteomic strategy coupled with conventional protein assay. This retrospective study was conducted in 40 men with NOA at the University Hospital of Nantes and Proteomics Core facility Biogenouest - Inserm U1085 - IRSET, Rennes, France. Comparative ICPL proteomic screening of frozen seminal plasma and correlation with TESE outcome allowed the identification of some differentially expressed proteins. Among them, lectin galactoside-binding, soluble 3 binding protein (LGALS3BP) expression was further confirmed using conventional protein assay, and its interest as a predictor of TESE outcome was then evaluated and compared with conventional clinical and hormonal markers of residual spermatogenesis. Among the 12 differentially expressed proteins identified with comparative ICPL proteomic strategy, seminal LGALS3BP expression was found to be significantly higher in men with successful TESE. Finally, comparative ICPL proteomic screening of seminal plasma appears to be a promising approach for the identification of biomarkers of residual spermatogenesis. LGALS3BP, associated with clinical and hormonal markers, could potentially be used as a predictive marker of successful TESE outcome in patients with NOA.
Andrology

inserm-00818514
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00818514
DOI : 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2012.00059.x
PUBMED : 23427166

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Université des Antilles
Résumé : International audience
For a few years, Caribean population have discovered and have been using their seashores. However, because of the developpement of international tourism, the building of trading ports and the implementation of free trading zones, seashores are discontinuous access is often denied to local populations.
Les enclaves, qu’elles soient touristiques, industrielles, commerciales ou environnementales semblent être l’aboutissement de politiques de gestion qui ont mené à la marchandisation des littoraux de la Caraïbe. Elles apparaissent au moment où les insulaires occupent et s’approprient ces rivages. Les enclaves constituent des discontinuités aux synapses étroitement fermées vers l’île et au contraire ouvertes sur l’économie globalisée
ISSN: 1779-0980

hal-01174357
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01174357
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01174357/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01174357/file/etudescaribeennes-543-3-territorialisation-et-enclaves-littorales-dans-les-iles-de-la-caraibe.pdf
DOI : 10.4000/etudescaribeennes.543

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Résumé : International audience
Long-term exposure to persistent pollutants with hormonal properties (endocrine-disrupting chemicals, EDCs) may contribute to the risk of prostate cancer (PCa). However, epidemiological evidence remains limited. We investigated the relationship between PCa and plasma concentrations of universally widespread pollutants, in particular p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE) and the non-dioxin like polychlorinated biphenyl congener 153 (PCB153). We evaluated before treatment 576 men with newly diagnosed PCa and 655 controls in Guadeloupe (French West Indies). Exposure was analyzed according to case-control status. Associations were assessed by unconditional logistic regression analysis, controlling for confounding factors. Missing data were handled by multiple imputation. We estimated a significant positive association between DDE and PCa (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.53; 95% CI 1.02, 2.30 for the highest versus lowest quintile of exposure; PTrend = 0.01). PCB153 was inversely associated with PCa (OR 0.30; 95% CI 0.19, 0.47 for the highest versus lowest quintile of exposure values; PTrend < 0.001). Also, PCB153 was more strongly associated to low-grade than high grade PCa. Associations of PCa with DDE and PCB153 were in opposite directions. This may reflect differences in the mechanisms of action of these EDCs, and although our findings need to be replicated in other populations, they are consistent with complex effects of EDCs on human health.
ISSN: 0091-6765

hal-01118553
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01118553
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.1408407
PUBMED : 25493337

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Le bassin du fleuve Sixaola est un bassin transfrontalier partagé entre le Costa Rica et le Panama. Localisé sur la façade caraïbe de l’isthme centraméricain, il est depuis une vingtaine d’années considérées par les organismes de coopération et les organisations non gouvernementales comme un espace privilégié pour la coopération en matière environnementale. Ce bassin concentre en effet d’importantes richesses naturelles et culturelles propres à cette façade caraïbe. Dans le même temps, on y constate une importante vulnérabilité sociale et des dégradations environnementales croissantes, d’autant plus qu’on trouve autour de ce bassin des activités productives polluantes (monocultures, tourisme, etc.), ainsi que les villages les plus pauvres des deux pays.Cet article cherche à analyser comment, à côté des mécanismes d’intégration et des initiatives appuyées par les États, cet espace connaît aussi de nombreux projets et programmes de coopération menés par des organismes internationaux et des organisations non gouvernementales (ONG). Ces projets visent principalement à accroître la coopération transfrontalière pour la conservation et la gestion environnementale.En revanche, leur rôle est de plus en plus remis en cause par des acteurs locaux qui affirment que ces organismes « transnationaux » déplacent les États et imposent des projets qui ne prennent pas en compte les réalités et les besoins locaux tout en développant des discours « hégémoniques » sur la gestion intégrée des bassins transfrontaliers, le changement climatique, entre autres.
The Sixaola River basin is shared by Costa Rica and Panama. On the Caribbean side of the Central American Isthmus, it has been considered by cooperation organisms and non-governmental organizations as a privileged space for environmental cooperation for the past 20 years. This basin in fact concentrates an important amount of natural and cultural heritage that is endemic to this side of the Caribbean. At the same time, one can observe increasing social vulnerability and environmental degradation related to the presence of the poorest communities of both Panama and Costa Rica within the basin, and to polluting activities (monoculture, tourism, etc.) carried out around it.This article analyzes how this space is the locus of State integration mechanisms and other initiatives, at the same time that it harbors international organism and non-governmental cooperation programs. These latter projects claim to increase trans-border cooperation for conservation and environmental management.But their role is increasingly being contested by local stakeholders, who more and more claim that these “transnational” organisms displace States and impose projects that do not take into account local realities and needs, while developing “hegemonic” discourses on integrated management of trans-border basins and climate change, among other issues.
Amérique centrale
Costa Rica
Panama

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.5747
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/5747

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
OBJECTIVES: We investigated the relationship between lung cancer and occupational exposure to welding activity in ICARE, a population-based case-control study. METHODS: Analyses were restricted to men (2276 cases, 2780 controls). Welding exposure was assessed through detailed questionnaires, including lifelong occupational history. ORs were computed using unconditional logistic regression, adjusted for lifelong cigarette smoking and occupational exposure to asbestos. RESULTS: Among the regular welders, welding was associated with a risk of lung cancer (OR=1.7, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.5), which increased with the duration (OR=2.0, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.9 when duration extgreater10 years), and was maximum 10-20 years since last welding. The risk was more pronounced in case of gas welding (OR=2.0, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.3), when the workpiece was covered by paint, grease, or other substances (OR=2.0, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.4) and when it was cleaned with chemical substances before welding. No statistically significant increase in lung cancer risk was observed among occasional welders. CONCLUSIONS: Although these results should be confirmed, we showed that type of welding and mode of workpiece preparation are important determinants of the lung cancer risk in regular welders
Occupational and Environmental Medicine

hal-01274887
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01274887
DOI : 10.1136/oemed-2015-102964
PUBMED : 26865654

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Lavoisier
Résumé : International audience
Afin de réduire la consommation d'énergie électrique liée à l'utilisation intense de la climatisation dans les logements des régions tropicales de la Caraïbe, des matériaux composites fibres végétales/ciment ont été préparés en vue d'être utilisés dans le domaine de la construction. Les fibres de dictame (Maranta arundinacée), résidus de l'extraction de la farine de dictame, sont étudiées. Dans cet article, une première partie sera consacrée à la détermination des dimensions des particules et de la composition chimique des fibres de dictame brutes, à l'étude des évolutions structurales et de texture des fibres après leur pyrolyse (200 - 700°C). Puis le travail sur la prise des composites fibres de dictame/ciment sera mené. En particulier, l'influence de paramètres tels que la teneur en fibres, la teneur en eau et la température de pyrolyse des fibres de dictame sera abordée. Par ailleurs les chaleurs dégagées lors de la dégradation thermique des composites sont également déterminées.
ISSN: 1169-7954

hal-00809828
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00809828
DOI : 10.3166/rcma.17.327-350

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Les vacances peuvent-elles durer, voire s’éterniser ? L’utopie est l’une des voies qui permet de penser cette option, d’opérer ce pas de côté, à contre-courant de l’ordre ambiant et dominant. De Segalen à Cendrars, l’épreuve du voyage et de l’exotisme sans voyeurisme porte en elle les preuves du trip ou de l’acte de bourlinguer. Autonomie et nomadisme sont les termes appropriés qui ouvrent et parfois forcent les portes du consensus, de l’immobilisme et de la peur généralisée. Ces deux termes — à l’origine de celui j’ai nommé « autonomadie » (terme assez intraduisible) — renvoient à l’indépendance d’esprit, à la liberté d’expression et à la libre circulation des idées, des personnes, bien avant celle des marchandises. Si la planète constitue le socle de tout voyage, la culture en est son moteur. Cet article s’attelle à baliser de nouvelles pistes de voyages, hors des sentiers battus, nourris par l’imaginaire des ailleurs, et forcément alternatifs. Il s’agit toujours, hier comme aujourd’hui, de s’élever pour mieux se lever, et donc de ne pas tomber et crever. Surtout en si bon chemin d’une belle vie prometteuse qui mène à soi comme vers les autres. L’humanité n’est rien sans la liberté de mouvement. Elle n’est rien sans le mouvement et la liberté. Les humains ne sont pas des automates soumis, mais des nomades autonomes. Et des voyageurs actifs plutôt que des touristes passifs. C’est ce que cette contribution entend non pas affirmer, mais explorer.
Can holidays last or even go on forever? Utopia is one of the ways to think this option, to operate this step aside, against the current of the surrounding and dominant order. From Segalen to Cendrars, the test of travel and exoticism without voyeurism carries in it the proofs of the trip or the act of slinging. Autonomy and nomadism are the appropriate terms that open and sometimes force the doors of consensus, immobilism and generalized fear. These two terms - at the origin of which I named “autonomadie” (in French, quite untranslatable) - refer to independence of mind, freedom of expression and the free flow of ideas, people, long before that of goods. If the planet is the foundation of all travel, culture is its driving force. This article tries to mark new paths of travel, off the beaten track, nourished by the imagination of elsewhere, and necessarily alternative. Yesterday as today, it is always a matter of rising to better stand up, and therefore not to fall and die. Especially in this good way of a beautiful promising life that leads to oneself as to the others. Humanity is nothing without freedom of movement. It is nothing without movement and freedom. Humans are not automated subjects but autonomous nomads. And active travelers rather than passive tourists. This is what this contribution intends not to affirm but to explore.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.11151
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/11151

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
STUDY QUESTION: Do mild analgesics affect the endocrine system of the human adult testis? SUMMARY ANSWER: Mild analgesics induce multiple endocrine disturbances in the human adult testis in vitro. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Mild analgesics have recently been incriminated as potential endocrine disruptors. Studies of the effects of these widely used molecules on the androgenic status of men are limited and somewhat contradictory. This prompted us to investigate whether these compounds could alter the adult human testicular function. We therefore assessed in parallel the effects of paracetamol, aspirin and indomethacin on organo-cultured adult human testis and on the NCI-H295R steroid-producing human cell line. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: Adult human testis explants or NCI-H295R adrenocortical human cells were cultured with 10(-4) or 10(-5) M paracetamol, aspirin or indomethacin for 24-48 h. The effect of 10(-5) M ketoconazole, used as an anti-androgenic reference molecule, was also assessed. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Testes were obtained from prostate cancer patients, who had not received any hormone therapy. The protocol was approved by the local ethics committee of Rennes, France and informed consent was given by the donors. Only testes displaying spermatogenesis, as assessed by transillumination, were used in this study. Hormone levels in the culture media were determined by radioimmunoassay (testosterone, insulin-like factor 3), Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (inhibin B) or Enzyme Immunosorbent Assay [prostaglandin (PG) D2, and PGE2]. Tissues were observed and cells counted using classical immunohistochemical methods. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: The three mild analgesics caused multiple endocrine disturbances in the adult human testis. This was particularly apparent in the interstitial compartment. Effective doses were in the same range as those measured in blood plasma following standard analgesic treatment. The production of testosterone and insulin-like factor 3 by Leydig cells was altered by exposure to all these drugs. Inhibin B production by Sertoli cells was marginally affected by aspirin only. Our experiments also revealed that mild analgesics display direct anti-PG activity, which varied depending on the drug used, the dose and the duration of exposure. Nevertheless, associations between the alteration of the PG and testosterone profiles were not systematically observed, suggesting that a combination of mechanisms of endocrine disruption is at play. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: Our studies were performed in vitro. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: We provide the first evidence that direct exposure to mild analgesics can result in multiple endocrine disturbances in the human adult testis. Caution, concerning the consumption of mild analgesics by men, should be strengthened, particularly in high-risk population subgroups such as elite athletes.
ISSN: 0268-1161

inserm-00866016
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00866016
PUBMED : 23670170
DOI : 10.1093/humrep/det112