Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
Urinary tract infections are bacterial infections most commonly encountered in the community. The resistance rate of uropathogens to commonly prescribed antibiotics has increased worldwide but there are no published data concerning the resistance of strains isolated from community-acquired UTI in Guadeloupe. To assess the susceptibility patterns of Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from outpatients in Guadeloupe we conducted a prospective study from December 2012 to May 2014 among outpatients consulting at private and public laboratories for urine analysis. Risk factors for E. coli resistance to amoxicillin, third-generation cephalosporin, and ciprofloxacin were also determined. To study the trends of E. coli resistance rates over the past 10 years, data on the susceptibility patterns of E. coli from 2003 to 2014 were also collected from three major laboratories for a retrospective study. During the prospective study, we isolated 1293 bacterial strains from the urine of outpatients presenting for urine analysis. The most commonly isolated bacteria were E. coli (57 %) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.5 %). Thirty seven per cent of the E. coli strains were resistant to amoxicillin. Resistance rates to third generation cephalosporin were low for E. coli and other Enterobacteriaceae (3.1 and 12.2 % respectively) and mostly due to the presence of an Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase. Resistance to cotrimoxazole and ciprofloxacin was moderate (17.8 and 15.6 % respectively). However, the resistance rate of E. coli to ciprofloxacin has significantly increased during the last 10 years. Risk factors were consistent with previously reported data, especially for the increasing ciprofloxacin resistance with age. General practitioners in Guadeloupe need to be better informed to favor the prescription of fosfomycin-trometamol to reduce the risk of resistance to fluoroquinolones.
ISSN: 1471-2180

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
pasteur-01351191
https://hal-riip.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01351191
https://hal-riip.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01351191/document
https://hal-riip.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01351191/file/art%253A10.1186%252Fs12866-016-0749-9.pdf
PUBMED : 27342199

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Coastal aquifers often display seawater intrusion resulting in the formation of a salty water wedge progressing inland. This study investigates the mass transfers in the mixing zone at the freshwater-seawater interface where the water is out of equilibrium with the rock-forming carbonates. Investigations were conducted in two boreholes, separated by 5 m, at the Ses Sitjoles test site (Mallorca Island, Spain) where repeated electrical conductivity logs of the formation and the saturating fluid, as well as regular pore-water sampling and permanent downhole multi-parameter monitoring of the water were performed over a period of 9 a. In the mixing zone, the significant acidification, the calcite saturation index profile and the Ca concentration profile cannot be explained by conservative mixing nor by dissolution-precipitation reactions only. Conversely, the analysis of organic C content and of the distinctly different time-resolved pH profiles measured in the two boreholes suggests the development of perennial biomass that triggers calcite dissolution. Moreover, the presence of biomass seems to be correlated with the permeability and vertical connectivity at the meter-scale. It is speculated that the mechanism could be self-activated because the microbiological activity induces calcite dissolution and tends to increase porosity and permeability that favors biomass development.
ISSN: 0883-2927

hal-00937665
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00937665
DOI : 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.09.011

Résumé : Monitoring n° 25 of the Flamanville nuclear power plant takes into account studies conducted between March and September 2007. Impacts on hydrology, microbiology, phytoplankton, zooplankton, fisheries, intertidal phytobenthos and zoobenthos are reported. This power plant has been in operation for twenty-two years.
L'étude de surveillance n° 25 du site électronucléaire de Flamanville (département de la Manche) concerne l'année 2007. Sont étudiés les domaines benthique, halieutique et pélagique. L'année 2007 est la 22è année de fonctionnement de la Centrale de Flamanville.

Droits : 2008 iFREMER
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/rapport-4046.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4046/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Résumé : International audience
Safe drinking water is essential for well-being. Although microbiological contamination remains the largest cause of water-related morbidity and mortality globally, chemicals in water supplies may also cause disease, and evidence of the human health consequences is limited or lacking for many of them. We aimed to summarize the state of knowledge, identify gaps in understanding, and provide recommendations for epidemiological research relating to chemicals occurring in drinking water. Assessing exposure and the health consequences of chemicals in drinking water is challenging. Exposures are typically at low concentrations, measurements in water are frequently insufficient, chemicals are present in mixtures, exposure periods are usually long, multiple exposure routes may be involved, and valid biomarkers reflecting the relevant exposure period are scarce. In addition, the magnitude of the relative risks tends to be small. Research should include well-designed epidemiological studies covering regions with contrasting contaminant levels and sufficient sample size; comprehensive evaluation of contaminant occurrence in combination with bioassays integrating the effect of complex mixtures; sufficient numbers of measurements in water to evaluate geographical and temporal variability; detailed information on personal habits resulting in exposure (e.g., ingestion, showering, swimming, diet); collection of biological samples to measure relevant biomarkers; and advanced statistical models to estimate exposure and relative risks, considering methods to address measurement error. Last, the incorporation of molecular markers of early biological effects and genetic susceptibility is essential to understand the mechanisms of action. There is a particular knowledge gap and need to evaluate human exposure and the risks of a wide range of emerging contaminants.
ISSN: 0091-6765

hal-01118530
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01118530
PUBMED : 24380896
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.1206229
PUBMEDCENTRAL : PMC3948022

Résumé : This synthesis report assesses the current state of the marine hydrobiological knowledge acquired in the surroundings of the Flamanville electronuclear site (north-west of Cotentin), in the framework of the various project and monitoring programs in the pelagic, benthic and halieutic domains carried out on this site since 1976. Each domain is divided, as much as necessary, into different study areas such as hydrobiology, phytoplankton, microbiology, crustacean larvae or macrophyte algae. For each area, a series of parameters, considered as representative of the evolution of this area, is studied. In this way, for the hydrological area, the sea water temperature and salinity, the mineral nutriment concentrations, the holagen compounds and the boron are monitored. The evolution of each of these parameters enabled us to draw the following conclusions. The vegetal and animal species' physiology is conditioned by climate changes. The study of the pluviometry and air temperature parameters shows that the 1986/2005 period is slightly less humid and warmer than the 1949/2005 period. This reflects also on the sea water temperature whose average values increase on a regular basis.
Ce rapport de synthèse fait le point sur l'état des connaissances hydrobiologiques marines acquises aux abords du site électronucléaire de Flamanville (nord-ouest Cotentin), dans le cadre des différents programmes de projet et de surveillance des domaines pélagique, benthique et halieutique, menés sur ce site depuis 1976. Chaque domaine est divisé, autant que nécessaire, en compartiments d'étude, tels que l'hydrologie, le phytoplancton, la microbiologie, les larves de crustacés ou les algues macrophytes. Pour chaque compartiment, une série de paramètres, jugés représentatifs de l'évolution de ce compartiment, est étudié. Ainsi, pour le compartiment hydrologique, sont suivis la température et la salinité de l'eau de mer, les concentrations en nutriments minéraux, les composés halogénés et le bore. Les évolutions de ces différents paramètres ont permis d'élaborer les conclusions suivantes. La physiologie des espèces animales et végétales est conditionnée par les changements climatiques. L'examen des paramètres pluviométrie et température de l'air montre que la période 1986/2005 est sensiblement plus humide et plus chaude que la période 1949/2005. Cela se répercute également sur la température de l'eau de mer dont les valeurs moyennes croissent régulièrement.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/rapport-6405.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6405/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Febrile illness is a common cause of attendance at emergency departments. The purpose of this study was to describe infectious aetiologies of fever in a tropical setting. We prospectively included 1443 febrile patients, all French Guiana residents, who presented at Cayenne Hospital emergency department. This report will propose an overview of aetiologies of febrile illness in French Guiana, and tropical diseases such as malaria and arbovirus infections are discussed. Almost 30% of fevers remained unexplained. Further prospective multicentre studies are warranted to improve the diagnosis of overlooked pathogens in French Guiana. Such studies would lead to conclusions of specific interest in the travel medicine field.
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene / Transactions of the Royal Society for Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

pasteur-00584097
https://hal-riip.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00584097
DOI : 10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.06.011
PUBMED : 18640694

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Masson
Résumé : International audience
INTRODUCTION: Hydroxyurea is an antimetabolite drug used in the treatment of myeloproliferative disorders. Common adverse effects include haematological, gastrointestinal cutaneous manifestations, and fever. Hydroxyurea-induced pneumonitis is unusual. CASE REPORT: A female patient was treated with hydroxyurea for polycythemia vera. She was admitted 20 days after commencing treatment with a high fever, productive cough, clear sputum and nausea. A chest CT-scan showed diffuse ground-glass opacities. Microbiological investigations were negative. The symptoms disappeared a few days after discontinuation of the drug and rechallenge led to a relapse of symptoms. CONCLUSION: Our case and 15 earlier cases of hydroxyurea-induced pneumonitis are reviewed. Two patterns of this disease may exist: an acute febrile form occurring within 1 month of introduction of hydroxyurea and a subacute form without fever. Even if uncommon, one should be aware of this complication of hydroxyurea.
Revue des Maladies Respiratoires

hal-01072996
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01072996
DOI : 10.1016/j.rmr.2013.09.001
PUBMED : 24878159

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Taylor & Francis (Routledge): STM, Behavioural Science and Public Health Titles
Résumé : International audience
The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with complete satisfaction with the care provided (satisfaction with physicians and satisfaction with services and organization) among HIV-infected patients followed up in the French ANRS CO8 APROCO-COPILOTE cohort. Analyses focused on cross-sectional data collected during the ninth year of cohort follow-up. Satisfaction with care, sociodemographic characteristics, and behavioral data were collected using self-administered questionnaires, while clinical data were derived from medical records. Complete satisfaction with care was defined as being 100% satisfied. Two logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of (1) complete satisfaction with physicians (n=404) and (2) complete satisfaction with services and organization (n=396). Sixteen percent of patients were completely satisfied with physicians, while 15.9% were completely satisfied with services and organization. Being older and reporting fewer discomforting antiretroviral therapy (ART) side effects were factors independently associated with complete satisfaction with both physicians and services and organization. Strong support from friends and absence of hepatitis C (HCV) co-infection were independently associated with complete satisfaction with physicians, while strong support from one's family and comfortable housing conditions were independently associated with complete satisfaction with services and organization. Even after nine years of follow-up, social vulnerabilities still strongly influence HIV-infected patients' interactions with the health care system. Day-to-day experience with the disease, including perceived treatment side effects, appears to play a key role in the quality of these interactions. More attention should be given to patient satisfaction, especially for socially vulnerable patients, in order to avoid potentially detrimental consequences such as poor adherence to ART.
AIDS Care

hal-00875619
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875619
DOI : 10.1080/09540121.2011.613909
PUBMED : 21999644

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley-Blackwell
Résumé : International audience
AIMS: Virus detection has often been difficult due to a low concentration in water. In this study, we developed a new procedure based on concentration of virus particles on an innovative support: poly-L-lysine dendrigrafts (DGL), coupled with directed nucleic acid extraction and real-time PCR quantification. METHODS AND RESULTS: This method was evaluated using the bacteriophage MS2 as a model virus. This virus exhibited the size and structural properties of human pathogenic enteric viruses and has often been used to assess new supports of concentration. Moreover, this bacteriophage is also a faecal contamination indicator. In this study, many water filtration conditions were tested (volume of water, concentration, etc.), and more than 80% of bacteriophage were recovered after filtration on polymer, in most conditions. We demonstrated that the method was linear (slope = 0*99 ± 0*04 and Y intercept when x = -0*02 ± 0*28), valid (as manipulators, tested concentrations, volumes of sample and batch of polymer did not have any influence on concentration) and sensitive (allowing to concentrate up to 16,600-fold 1 l of sample and to detect and quantify down to 750 GC l(-1) and 7500 GC l(-1), respectively). CONCLUSIONS: To conclude, this support exhibits high interest to retain viruses and to allow to detect low concentration of virus in water. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study gives valuable advance in the methods of concentration and diagnosis of virus in water.
Journal of Applied Microbiology

hal-00828987
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00828987
DOI : 10.1111/jam.12209
PUBMED : 23551794

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
Plasmodium vivax malaria is an important public health issue in the Amazon region, and it accounts for approximately 84 % of cases of the disease. Migration across the border between Brazil and French Guiana contributes to the maintenance of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic and parasitological responses of patients with P. vivax malaria treated with chloroquine and primaquine in the socio-environmental context of cross-border interactions between Brazil and French Guiana. The factors controlled were diagnostic agreement, adherence, adjustment of primaquine doses for patient weight, and quality of the drugs used. A prospective study was conducted in 2011 with 103 individuals aged 10-60 years with a positive diagnosis of P. vivax treated with chloroquine (10 mg base/kg on the first day, followed by 7.5 mg/kg on the second and third days) and primaquine for 7 days, who were followed for 28 days. The primaquine doses were adjusted for the patients' weight. A number of factors were determined: epidemiological characteristics, origin of patients, signs and symptoms, initial parasitaemia and parasitaemia clearance time, blood concentrations of chloroquine and primaquine, quality of anti-malarial drugs and diagnostic agreement. Ninety-five patients were followed for 28 days. There was a 100 % agreement in microscopic diagnosis between field laboratory and reference centre. The adhesion to the treatment was 100 %. Of these patients, 32.6 % received a weight-adjusted dose of primaquine. The chloroquine and primaquine tablets were consistent with the optimal quality limits for human consumption. The investigated patients achieved optimal blood exposure to anti-malarial drugs. The parasitological and therapeutic response was adequate in 99.0 % of cases. In the municipality of Oiapoque, the therapeutic regime used for the treatment of P. vivax malaria using chloroquine combined with primaquine remains effective, when external factors are controlled, such as the quality of anti-malarial drugs, the adhesion to the treatment prescribed, the correct diagnostic and the adjustment of primaquine dose for patient body weight.
ISSN: 1475-2875

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
pasteur-01229355
https://hal-pasteur.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01229355
https://hal-pasteur.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01229355/document
https://hal-pasteur.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01229355/file/s12936-015-0925-7.pdf
PUBMEDCENTRAL : PMC4600333

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Frontiers Media
Résumé : International audience
To date 142 species have been described in the Vibrionaceae family of bacteria, classified into seven genera; Aliivibrio, Echinimonas, Enterovibrio, Grimontia, Photobacterium, Salinivibrio and Vibrio. As vibrios are widespread in marine environments and show versatile metabolisms and ecologies, these bacteria are recognized as one of the most diverse and important marine heterotrophic bacterial groups for elucidating the correlation between genome evolution and ecological adaptation. However, on the basis of 16S rRNA gene phylogeny, we could not find any robust monophyletic lineages in any of the known genera. We needed further attempts to reconstruct their evolutionary history based on multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and/or genome wide taxonomy of all the recognized species groups. In our previous report in 2007, we conducted the first broad multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) to infer the evolutionary history of vibrios using nine housekeeping genes (the 16S rRNA gene, gapA, gyrB, ftsZ, mreB, pyrH, recA, rpoA, and topA), and we proposed 14 distinct clades in 58 species of Vibrionaceae. Due to the difficulty of designing universal primers that can amplify the genes for MLSA in every Vibrionaceae species, some clades had yet to be defined. In this study, we present a better picture of an updated molecular phylogeny for 86 described vibrio species and 10 genome sequenced Vibrionaceae strains, using 8 housekeeping gene sequences. This new study places special emphasis on (1) eight newly identified clades (Damselae, Mediterranei, Pectenicida, Phosphoreum, Profundum, Porteresiae, Rosenbergii, and Rumoiensis); (2) clades amended since the 2007 proposal with recently described new species; (3) orphan clades of genomospecies F6 and F10; (4) phylogenetic positions defined in 3 genome-sequenced strains (N418, EX25, and EJY3); and (5) description of V. tritonius sp. nov., which is a member of the “Porteresiae” clade.
ISSN: 1664-302X

hal-01546980
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01546980
DOI : 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00414

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley-Blackwell
Résumé : International audience
Associations between marine invertebrates and chemoautotrophic bacteria constitute a wide field for the study of symbiotic associations. In these interactions, symbiont transmission must represent the cornerstone allowing the persistence of the association throughout generations. Within Bivalvia, in families such as Solemyidae or Vesicomyidae, symbiont transmission is undoubtedly vertical. However, in Lucinidae, symbiont transmission is described in the literature as 'environmental', symbionts being acquired from the environment by the new host generations. Hence, if there is transmission, symbionts should be transmitted from adults to juveniles via the environment. Consequently, we should observe a release of the symbiont by adults. We attempted to detect such a release within two Lucinidae species of the genus Codakia. We sampled 10 Codakia orbicularis and 20 Codakia orbiculata distributed in 10 crystallizing dishes containing filtered seawater. During 1 month of investigation, we analyzed water of the dishes in order to detect any release of a symbiont using catalyzed report deposition-FISH techniques. For 140 observations realized during this period, we did not observe any release of symbionts. This suggests that the idea of host-to-host passage in Lucinidae is inaccurate. We could therefore consider that the transmission mode from generation to generation does not occur within Lucinidae, symbiosis appearing to be advantageous in this case only for the host, and constitutes an evolutionary dead-end for the bacteria.
ISSN: 0168-6496

hal-00751560
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00751560
DOI : 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2008.00626.x

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
Objective: The first aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance of Enterobacteriaceae in different water environments of Guadeloupe and especially those impacted by waste water treatment plants (WWTP) effluents. The second objective was to characterize the genetic basis for antibiotic resistance of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates (ESBLE and AmpCE).Methods: We have collected 70 surface waters (river and sea samples) impacted or not by WWTP and 18 waste waters from 2 WWTPs in 2012 and 2013. We i) determined the total and resistant bacterial counts and ii) tested isolated Enterobacteriaceae for their antimicrobial susceptibility. We also studied the genetic basis for antibiotic resistance of ESBLE and AmpCE, and the genetic background of Escherichia coli.Results: In rivers, contamination with Escherichia coli and antibiotic resistant coliforms (ARC) increased from the source to the mouth. Highest levels of river contamination with E. coli (9.26 x 105 MPN/100mL) and ARC (2.26 x 108 CFU/mL) were observed in surface water sampled near the discharge. A total of 246 Enterobacteriaceae strains resistant to antibiotics were isolated, mostly from waste waters and from river water collected near the discharge. Among these strains, 33 were Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBLE) and 8 E. coli were AmpC beta-lactamase producers. All the ESBLE were isolated from waste waters or from river water collected near the discharge. The blaCTX-M gene was present in 29 of the 33 ESBLE strains, with 24 belonging to group 1. Numerous strains (68.7%) showed more than one acquired antibiotic resistance mechanism. E. coli strains belonged to different phylogenetic groups; among the B2 group, most strains belonged to the ST131 clone.Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that many human activities can supply antibiotic-resistant bacteria in surface water. Nevertheless, WWTPs were the most important supplier of ESBLE in water environment of Guadeloupe.
ISSN: 1932-6203

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
hal-01485327
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01485327
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01485327/document
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01485327/file/journal.pone.0173155.pdf
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0173155.t002

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
Background: Microbial genetic diversity is often investigated via the comparison of relatively similar 16S molecules through multiple alignments between reference sequences and novel environmental samples using phylogenetic trees, direct BLAST matches, or phylotypes counts. However, are we missing novel lineages in the microbial dark universe by relying on standard phylogenetic and BLAST methods? If so, how can we probe that universe using alternative approaches? We performed a novel type of multi-marker analysis of genetic diversity exploiting the topology of inclusive sequence similarity networks. Results: Our protocol identified 86 ancient gene families, well distributed and rarely transferred across the 3 domains of life, and retrieved their environmental homologs among 10 million predicted ORFs from human gut samples and other metagenomic projects. Numerous highly divergent environmental homologs were observed in gut samples, although the most divergent genes were over-represented in non-gut environments. In our networks, most divergent environmental genes grouped exclusively with uncultured relatives, in maximal cliques. Sequences within these groups were under strong purifying selection and presented a range of genetic variation comparable to that of a prokaryotic domain. Conclusions: Many genes families included environmental homologs that were highly divergent from cultured homologs: in 79 gene families (including 18 ribosomal proteins), Bacteria and Archaea were less divergent than some groups of environmental sequences were to any cultured or viral homologs. Moreover, some groups of environmental homologs branched very deeply in phylogenetic trees of life, when they were not too divergent to be aligned. These results underline how limited our understanding of the most diverse elements of the microbial world remains, and encourage a deeper exploration of natural communities and their genetic resources, hinting at the possibility that still unknown yet major divisions of life have yet to be discovered.
ISSN: 1745-6150

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
hal-01257771
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01257771
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01257771/document
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01257771/file/s13062-015-0092-3.pdf
DOI : 10.1186/s13062-015-0092-3

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Taylor & Francis
Résumé : International audience
The origin of replication complex subunit ORC1 is important for DNA replication. The gene is known to encode a meiotic transcript isoform (mORC1) with an extended 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR), which was predicted to inhibit protein translation. However, the regulatory mechanism that controls the mORC1 transcript isoform is unknown and no molecular biological evidence for a role of mORC1 in negatively regulating Orc1 protein during gametogenesis is available. By interpreting RNA profiling data obtained with growing and sporulating diploid cells, mitotic haploid cells, and a starving diploid control strain, we determined that mORC1 is a middle meiotic transcript isoform. Regulatory motif predictions and genetic experiments reveal that the activator Ndt80 and its middle sporulation element (MSE) target motif are required for the full induction of mORC1 and the divergently transcribed meiotic SMA2 locus. Furthermore, we find that the MSE-binding negative regulator Sum1 represses both mORC1 and SMA2 during mitotic growth. Finally, we demonstrate that an MSE deletion strain, which cannot induce mORC1, contains abnormally high Orc1 levels during post-meiotic stages of gametogenesis. Our results reveal the regulatory mechanism that controls mORC1, highlighting a novel developmental stage-specific role for the MSE element in bi-directional mORC1/SMA2 gene activation, and correlating mORC1 induction with declining Orc1 protein levels. Because eukaryotic genes frequently encode multiple transcripts possessing 5′-UTRs of variable length, our results are likely relevant for gene expression during development and disease in higher eukaryotes. © 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
ISSN: 1547-6286

hal-01367153
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01367153
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01367153/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01367153/file/Ndt80%20activates%20the%20meiotic%20ORC1%20transcript.pdf
PUBMEDCENTRAL : PMC5013992

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Taylor & Francis
Résumé : International audience
Abstract Indoor fungal contamination has been associated with a wide range of adverse health effects, including infectious diseases, toxic effects and allergies. The diversity of fungi contributes to the complex role that they play in indoor environments and human diseases. Molds have a major impact on public health, and can cause different consequences in hospitals, homes and workplaces. This review presents the methods used to assess fungal contamination in these various environments, and discusses advantages and disadvantages for each method in consideration with different health risks. Air, dust and surface sampling strategies are compared, as well as the limits of various methods are used to detect and quantify fungal particles and fungal compounds. In addition to conventional microscopic and culture approaches, more recent chemical, immunoassay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods are described. This article also identifies common needs for future multidisciplinary research and development projects in this field, with specific interests on viable fungi and fungal fragment detections. The determination of fungal load and the detection of species in environmental samples greatly depend on the strategy of sampling and analysis. Quantitative PCR was found useful to identify associations between specific fungi and common diseases. The next-generation sequencing methods may afford new perspectives in this area.
ISSN: 1040-841X

hal-00874670
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00874670
DOI : 10.3109/1040841X.2013.777687
PUBMED : 23586944

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Public Health Association
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: It is well established that high adherence to HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) is a major determinant of virological and immunologic success. Furthermore, psychosocial research has identified a wide range of adherence factors including patients' subjective beliefs about the effectiveness of HAART. Current statistical approaches, mainly based on the separate identification either of factors associated with treatment effectiveness or of those associated with adherence, fail to properly explore the true relationship between adherence and treatment effectiveness. Adherence behavior may be influenced not only by perceived benefits-which are usually the focus of related studies-but also by objective treatment benefits reflected in biological outcomes. METHODS: Our objective was to assess the bidirectional relationship between adherence and response to treatment among patients enrolled in the ANRS CO8 APROCO-COPILOTE study. We compared a conventional statistical approach based on the separate estimations of an adherence and an effectiveness equation to an econometric approach using a 2-equation simultaneous system based on the same 2 equations. RESULTS: Our results highlight a reciprocal relationship between adherence and treatment effectiveness. After controlling for endogeneity, adherence was positively associated with treatment effectiveness. Furthermore, CD4 count gain after baseline was found to have a positive significant effect on adherence at each observation period. This immunologic parameter was not significant when the adherence equation was estimated separately. In the 2-equation model, the covariances between disturbances of both equations were found to be significant, thus confirming the statistical appropriacy of studying adherence and treatment effectiveness jointly. CONCLUSIONS: Our results, which suggest that positive biological results arising as a result of high adherence levels, in turn reinforce continued adherence and strengthen the argument that patients who do not experience rapid improvement in their immunologic and clinical statuses after HAART initiation should be prioritized when developing adherence support interventions. Furthermore, they invalidate the hypothesis that HAART leads to "false reassurance" among HIV-infected patients.
ISSN: 0025-7079

hal-00875196
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875196
DOI : 10.1097/MLR.0b013e3182422f61
PUBMED : 22362167

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley-Blackwell
Résumé : International audience
We show that MLCK (myosin light chain kinase) plays a key role in cell cycle progression of hepatocytes: either chemical inhibitor ML7 or RNA interference led to blockade of cyclin D1 expression and DNA replication, providing evidence that MLCK regulated S phase entry. Conversely, inhibition of RhoK by specific inhibitor Y27632 or RhoK dominant-negative vector did not influence progression in late G1 and S phase entry. Inhibition of either MLCK or RhoK did not block ERK1/2 phosphorylation, whereas MLCK regulated ERK2-dependent p70S6K activation. In addition, DNA synthesis was reduced in hepatocytes treated with p70S6K siRNA, demonstrating the key role played by the kinase in S phase entry. Interestingly, after the G1/S transition, DNA replication in S phase was no longer dependent on MLCK activity. We strengthened this result by ex vivo experiments and evidenced an MLCK-dependent window in late G1 phase of regenerating liver after two-thirds partial hepatectomy. In conclusion, our results underline an MLCK-dependent restriction point in G1/S transition, occurring downstream of ERK2 through the regulation of p70S6K activation, and highlighting a new signaling pathway critical for hepatocyte proliferation.
ISSN: 0270-9139

hal-00702089
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00702089
DOI : 10.1002/hep.21222
PUBMED : 16799973

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Résumé : International audience
To determine when risk for Buruli ulcer is highest, we examined seasonal patterns in a highly disease-endemic area of Cameroon during 2002-2012. Cases peaked in March, suggesting that risk is highest during the high rainy season. During and after this season, populations should increase protective behaviors, and case detection efforts should be intensified.
ISSN: 1080-6040

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/
hal-01307147
https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01307147
https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01307147/document
https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01307147/file/14-1336.pdf
DOI : 10.3201/eid2108.141336

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Résumé : International audience
Leishmania parasites can escape the immune response by invading cell types lacking leishmanicidal mechanisms. Silent persistence of Leishmania parasites in the host organism is responsible for asymptomatic carriage and relapses after cured leishmaniasis. Here, we studied the interaction between Hepatic Stellate Cells (HSC) and Leishmania. An original model of human HSC in primary culture infected with L. donovani was developed. The presence of intracellular parasites was studied and quantified using optical and confocal microscopy. HSC characteristics were studied using microscopy, methylene blue assay, long-term cultures and qPCR. We showed for the first time that human HSC are permissive to L. donovani infection, with no modification of HSC survival, growth rate and proinflammatory and fibrogenic characteristics. Intracellular parasites did not replicate but HSC had no effect on their survival. Indeed, after a 40-day culture, infected HSC cultures transferred on NNN medium yielded new promastigotes that were able to proliferate and efficiently infect new cells. HSC are permissive to L. donovani, with neither parasite killing nor apparent cell damage. Thus, HSC could act as potent sanctuary cells for Leishmania in the liver, which could partially explain parasite reactivation after an asymptomatic carriage or a cured visceral leishmaniasis.
ISSN: 0031-1820

inserm-00825803
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00825803
DOI : 10.1017/S0031182012001965
PUBMED : 23253952