Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Masson
Résumé : International audience
The premature loss of ovarian function may have physical and psychological consequences. A better understanding of its mechanism is therefore needed. Because they are affecting the oocyte quality, the decline of the ovarian reserve and high maternal age are implicated in many defects leading to chromosomal defects, modifications of gene expression or alterations of the mitochondrial pattern of the oocyte. However, cellular therapies such as ovarian follicle activation or isolation of ovarian stem cells are promising treatments of ovarian failure
Le diagnostic d’insuffisance ovarienne chez une femme ayant un projet d’enfanter aura des conséquences non seulement physiques mais également psychologiques. L’optimisation des stratégies de prise en charge thérapeutique nécessite une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes de survenue de cette défaillance. Les mécanismes responsables de la constitution et du maintien de la réserve ovarienne commencent à être élucidés. Avec le déclin de la réserve ovarienne, la qualité ovocytaire diminue, accentuant la baisse de la fertilité associée à l’âge maternel. Les ovocytes et les embryons résultant de patientes âgées présentent des taux d’aneuploïdies élevés, liés à des défauts de cohésion chromosomique et d’instabilité du fuseau méiotique, diminution de la capacité de réparation de l’ADN, altération de l’expression des gènes ou à une altération du fonctionnement mitochondrial. Avec la possibilité d’activer in vitro la folliculogenèse et l’isolement de cellules souches ovariennes, plusieurs pistes de thérapie cellulaire commencent à se développer et semblent très prometteuses.
ISSN: 1297-9589

hal-01231432
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01231432
DOI : 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2015.10.008
PUBMED : 26597936

Éditeur(s) : T. Osborne
Extrait de : The civil and natural History of Jamaica (Après index)
Résumé : Ovarium Insect : alicujus marini, acetabulum, Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 18
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/images/BBX17028-0605i1
BBX17028-0605i1

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
The formation of ovarian follicles is a finely tuned process that takes place within a narrow time-window in rodents. Multiple factors and pathways have been proposed to contribute to the mechanisms triggering this process but the role of endocrine factors, especially estrogens, remains elusive. It is currently hypothesized that removal from the maternal hormonal environment permits follicle formation at birth. However, experimentally-induced maintenance of high 17β-estradiol (E2) levels leads to subtle, distinct, immediate effects on follicle formation and oocyte survival depending on the species and dose. In this study, we examined the immediate effects of neonatal E2 exposure from post-natal day (PND) 0 to PND2 on the whole organism and on ovarian follicle formation in rats. Measurements of plasma E2, estrone and their sulfate conjugates after E2 exposure showed that neonatal female rats rapidly acquire the capability to metabolize and clear excessive E2 levels. Concomitant modifications to the mRNA content of genes encoding selected E2 metabolism enzymes in the liver and the ovary in response to E2 exposure indicate that E2 may modify the neonatal maturation of these organs. In the liver, E2 treatment was associated with lower acquisition of the capability to metabolize E2. In the ovary, E2 depleted the oocyte pool in a dose dependent manner by PND3. In 10 µg/day E2-treated ovaries, apoptotic oocytes were observed in newly formed follicles in addition to areas of ovarian cord remodeling. At PND6, follicles without any visible oocyte were present and multi-oocyte follicles were not observed. Our study reveals a major species-difference. Indeed, neonatal exposure to E2 depletes the oocyte pool in the rat ovary, whereas in the mouse it is well known to increase oocyte survival.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-00936582
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00936582
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00936582/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00936582/file/Systemic_Compensatory_Response-accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0082175

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : The ovary is not solely the unique source of oocytes necessary for fertilization but also a crucial conductor of endocrine regulations of the reproductive system. In the fetal ovary, oocytes grouped in clusters are surrounded by somatic pre-granulosa cells, altogether delineated by a basement membrane and constituting ovarian cords. The formation of the definitive ovarian functional units requires their fragmentation into follicles formed by a single oocyte surrounded by granulosa cells and delineated by a basement membrane. This partitioning occurs within a tiny period and is dependent on the correct timing of the meiotic process, on an apoptotic wave that specifically targets oocytes and the remodelling of the basement membrane. Follicle formation is a crucial event of ovarian development because the follicle stock formed at the end of this process is non-renewable. Therefore, any disturbance of this process can lead to reproductive abnormalities in adulthood. Recent data on endocrine disruptors displaying estrogenic activity have involved the fragile estrogenic homeostasis in the process. We aimed at better understanding how the endogen estrogen 17b-estradiol (E2) contributes to follicle formation. To assess it, Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with E2 at different doses during follicle formation, /i.e./ in the 3 days following birth. We show that although this treatment impairs the development of the hepatic and ovarian detoxification systems, the female neonate is able to increase its estrogen clearance capabilities. Nevertheless, E2 treatment within this critical period triggers a dose-dependent decrease of oocyte number per ovary. Regardless of the E2 dose, puberty is advanced. All treated females are at least transiently fertile, yet these reproductive capabilities rapidly decline. A high (10 µg/day) dose of E2 leads to a secondary infertility characterized by anovulation that probably result from a dysfunction of the whole reproductive tract. By contrast, a lower (0.1 µg/day) dose of E2, that does not significantly modify neonatal oocyte survival, leads to a progressive reproductive senescence likely due to ovarian failure. Long-term troubles may originate from precocious E2 impact on the ovary since it disturbs ovarian transcriptome and produces many lesions on ovarian cell DNA.
L'ovaire est au cœur de la physiologie de la reproduction féminine. Il est à la fois à l'origine des ovocytes nécessaires à la fécondation et acteur des régulations endocrines du système reproducteur. Les ovocytes de l'ovaire fœtal sont groupés en amas bordés de cellules somatiques et d'une membrane basale, formant les cordons ovariens. Ces cordons ovariens se fragmentent pour former les follicules ovariens: un ovocyte bordé de cellules somatiques et d'une membrane basale. Cette fragmentation se déroule sur une courte période (/in utero/ chez la femme et juste après la naissance chez les rongeurs) et fait intervenir une vague de mort cellulaire programmée touchant les ovocytes pendant leur méiose et un remodelage de la membrane basale. La formation des follicules est une période cruciale du développement ovarien puisque le stock de follicules formés à l'issue de ce processus est non renouvelable. Son altération peut donc être à l'origine de troubles de la fonction de reproduction chez le futur adulte. Il existe une fragile homéostasie œstrogénique en place au moment de la formation folliculaire: chez la femme, l'ovaire se développe /in utero/, sous l'influence des œstrogènes circulants maternels et la production ovarienne fœtale. Chez les rongeurs, les follicules se forment lors de la levée de l'imprégnation hormonale maternelle au moment de la naissance. Nous avons souhaité comprendre comment le 17b-œstradiol (E2), œstrogène endogène, pouvait contribuer à la mise en place des follicules. Pour cela, des rattes Sprague-Dawley ont été traitées pendant la période de formation des follicules avec de l'E2 à différentes doses entre 0.01 et 10 µg/jour. Nos travaux démontrent que le traitement de rattes par des œstrogènes entre leur naissance et 3 jours induit une réduction dose-dépendante de leur nombre d'ovocytes. Bien que le traitement entrave le développement normal du système de détoxication hépatique et ovarien, l'animal est capable d'accroître ses capacités d'élimination des œstrogènes. Ces capacités sont toutefois insuffisantes pour bloquer les effets du traitement. Quelle que soit la dose d'E2 utilisée (0.1 ou 10 µg/jour), la puberté est plus précoce chez les femelles exposées mais toutes sont fertiles, au moins transitoirement. Cependant le traitement induit une dégradation rapide des capacités reproductives. L'E2 modifie la dynamique folliculaire chez l'adulte, longtemps après l'arrêt du traitement. Si une forte dose d'E2 réduit la survie des ovocytes lors de la formation des follicules et conduit à une infertilité secondaire due à un dysfonctionnement général du tractus reproducteur, une dose faible n'affecte pas la survie des ovocytes à court terme mais conduit à une sénescence reproductive précoce vraisemblablement d'origine ovarienne. L'origine de ces troubles pourrait résider dans les effets précoces de l'exposition à E2 : cette molécule altère le transcriptome ovarien et induit de nombreuses lésions de l'ADN des cellules ovariennes.
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00953657

NNT : 2013REN1S107
tel-00953657
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00953657
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00953657/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00953657/file/CHALMEY_Clementine.pdf

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Science Bv
Résumé : Total lipid content and lipid class composition were analyzed in gonads, liver and white muscle of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) throughout ovary development to understand its reproductive allocation strategy and to assess the relation between female condition and reproduction. A total of 112 females were collected onboard purse-seiner in the Western Indian Ocean from January to March 2009, from June to July 2009, and from April to May 2010. Gonads were characterized by highly variable total lipid contents ranging from 5 to 27 μg mg−1 of wet weight (ww) with a predominance of neutral lipids, mainly triacylglycerols (TAG) and sterol- and wax-esters. The different lipid classes in gonads described an accumulative pattern through the maturity process from immature to hydration phase. Total lipid content in liver varied from 10 to 21 μg mg−1 ww, and serves as fuel for yellowfin tuna reproduction. TAG and phospholipid deposits became depleted as the ovary developed, suggesting a transfer of lipids directly from liver to the oocytes during vitellogenesis. In contrast, muscle total lipid content was low and constant throughout ovarian development (2.5–6 μg mg−1 ww). Hence, yellowfin tuna can be defined as an income-capital breeder species for which the cost of reproduction depends mainly on concurrent energy income from feeding and only little on stored lipids. Besides, no significant relationship between gonad lipid composition and fecundity was found in females able to spawn. Finally, the influence of yellowfin tuna aggregation behaviour on reproductive female condition has been investigated: gonad total lipid contents were higher in females caught in free-swimming schools than in females caught under fish aggregating devices (FADs). However, these results did not clarify whether the influence of FADs on associated yellowfin tuna affects their reproductive capacity.
Fisheries Research (0165-7836) (Elsevier Science Bv), 2014-12 , Vol. 160 , P. 50-59

Droits : 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00171/28266/28075.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.fishres.2013.12.010
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00171/28266/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
In cyclic females, FSH stimulates ovarian estradiol (E2) production and follicular growth up to the terminal stage. A transient elevation in circulating FSH and E2 levels occurs shortly after birth. But what could be the action of FSH on the ovary during this period, and in particular how it stimulates ovarian steroidogenesis without supporting terminal follicular maturation is intriguing. By experimentally manipulating FSH levels, we demonstrate in mice that the mid-infantile elevation in FSH is mandatory for E2 production by the immature ovary, but that it does not stimulate follicle growth. Importantly, FSH increases aromatase expression to stimulate E2 synthesis, however it becomes unable to induce cyclin D2, a major driver of granulosa cell proliferation. Besides, although FSH prematurely induces luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor expression in granulosa cells, LH pathway is not functional in these cells to induce their terminal differentiation. In line with these results, supplying infantile mice with a superovulation regimen exacerbates E2 production, but it does not stimulate the growth of follicles and it does not induce ovulation. Overall, our findings unveil a regulation whereby high postnatal FSH concentrations ensure the supply of E2 required for programming adult reproductive function without inducing follicular maturation before puberty.
ISSN: 2045-2322

hal-01516023
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01516023
DOI : 10.1038/srep46222
PUBMED : 28397811
PUBMEDCENTRAL : PMC5387682

Éditeur(s) : Publ. CNEXO (France) (Actes Colloq.)(no. 7)
Résumé : The present development of Peneid shrimp culture is limited by the problem set by the routine obtainment of reproduction in captivity. In Polynesia where no species of commercial interest is found naturally, this obtainment is a necessary prerequisite. The observations at the Centre Océanologique du Pacifique of CNEXO were made on 6 species of the genus Penaeus (P. merguiensis, P. aztecus, P. japonicus, P. monodon, P. vannamei and P. stylirostris) raised and maintained in 12 m² outdoortanks. At temperatures, between 25 and 32°, a salinity of 35 and a pH of 8,2, maturations and spawnings are seen throughout the year and several generations were obtained : P. merguiensis, F7 ; P. aztecus et P. japonicus, F3 ;P. monodon, F2 ; P. stylirostris and P. vannamei F1. For P. aztecus et P. mondon maturation is induced by unilateral eyestalk ablation. The animals behavior copulation and external signs of ovarian, development are described. The factors which seem essential to the proper progress of maturation are the temperature, the light intensity, the food and the state of health of the animals.
Le développement des élevages de crevettes Pénéidés est actuellement limité par les problèmes que pose l'obtention en routine de la reproduction en captivité. En Polynésie où aucune espèce d'intérêt commercial ne se trouve à l'état naturel, cette obtention était un préalable nécessaire. Les observations effectuées au Centre Océanologique du Pacifique du CNEXO ont porté sUr 6 espèces du genre Penaeus (P. merguiensis, p. aztecus, P. japonicus, P. monodon, P. vannamei et P. stylirostris) élevées et maintenues dans des bacs extérieurs de 12 m² en circulation ouverte. Avec des températures variant de 25 à 32°, une salinité de 35 et un pH voisin de 8,2, maturations et pontes s'obserVent toute l'année et plusieurs générations ont été obtenues : P. merguiensis, F7 ; P. aztecus et P. japonicus, F3 ;P. monodon, F2 ; P. stylirostris et P. vannamei, F1. Pour P. aztecus et P. mondon, la maturation est induite par épédonculation unilatérale. Le comportement des animaux, la copulation et les signes extérieurs du développement des ovaires sont décrits. Les facteurs qui paraissent essentiels au bon déroulement du processus de maturation sont la température l'éclairement, l'alimentation et l'état de santé des animaux

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1977/publication-6073.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6073/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
Background: Ovarian failure (OF) is considered premature if it occurs before the age of 40. This study investigates the genetic aetiology underlying OF in women under the age of 40 years. Methods: We conducted an experimental prospective study performing all genome microarrays in 60 patients younger than 40 years presenting an OF revealed by a decrease of circulating Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) and leading to an oocyte donation program. Results: We identified nine significant copy number variations (CNVs) including candidate genes potentially implicated in reproductive function. These genes are principally involved in cell division and chromosome segregation (SYCE1, CLASP1, CENP-A, CDC16), in ciliary development and/or function (RSPH1, KIF24), are linked with known gonadal genes or expressed in female genital tract (CSMD1, SEMA6D, KIAA1324). Conclusions: Our data strengthen the idea that microarrays should be used in combination with karyotype for aetiological assessment of patients with OF. This analysis may have a therapeutic impact as the identification of new molecular actors for gonadal development or ovarian physiology is useful for the prediction of an ovarian reserve decline and makes possible preventive fertility preservation.
ISSN: 1757-2215

hal-01390979
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01390979
DOI : 10.1186/s13048-016-0272-5
PUBMED : 27716277

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD John Libbey Eurotext
Résumé : International audience
The principal gynaecological cancers (breast, ovary, uterus, and cervix) account for over 40% of cancers found in women worldwide. However, large differences exist, in both their incidence and geographical distribution. The French West Indies, through their location, environment, socio-economic development, lifestyle, nutrition and the origins of their populations, constitute territories with a very particular character in the heart of the Caribbean. These characteristics have an impact on public health and can affect the incidence of tumours. We report for the first time the incidence of these major gynaecological cancers in Guadeloupe. Breast, ovary and uterine cancers have lower incidences in Guadeloupe than in mainland France. By contrast, cervical cancer is more frequent in Guadeloupe than in mainland France. The mortality rates associated with breast cancer, ovary and uterine cancer are also lower in Guadeloupe than in mainland France, whereas the opposite pattern is observed for cervical cancer. These observations may be accounted for in part by a difference in the prevalence of established or suspected risk factors for each of these types of cancer.
ISSN: 0007-4551

inserm-00504624
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00504624
DOI : 10.1684/bdc.2008.0810
PUBMED : 19258222

Éditeur(s) : Proceeding of symposium on Coastal Aquaculture, Cochin (India)
Résumé : Since 1975, maturation and spawning in captivity of Penaeus monodon has been achieved in the 'Centre Océanologique du Pacifique', a CNEXO Centre in Tahiti. The five first animals have been imported from Fiji Islands and in May 1979, four generations-have been obtained. Under the rearing conditions followed at the Centre, reproduction is achieved all throughout the year. Maturation is induced by unilateral eyestalk ablation on pond reared animals maintained in tanks on adequate food. Results concern mating behaviour, ovarian development, number of spawnings per female and egg viability. The rearing and the maintenance conditions of the captive broodstocks are particularly important to obtain reliable results necessary to sustain commercial hatcheries. Mass production of postlarvae is routinely achieved. [NOT CONTROLLED OCR]

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1982/acte-4427.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4427/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a member of the TGF-ß superfamily. AMH is well known for its role in Müllerian duct regression in male fetuses. Postnatally, AMH is secreted by granulosa cells (GCs) of small growing follicles (preantral and small antral). However, despite the increasing interest of ovarian AMH in clinics, little is known on its mechanism of action and its role in female reproductive tract. My PhD project focuses on the identification of AMH function in the female reproductive tract.AMH signals through a type II transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptor (AMHR-II) which forms a complex with a type I serine/threonine kinase receptor (ActR-IA, BMPR-IA, BMPR-IB). The type II receptor phosphorylates serine and threonine residues of type I receptor. Once activated, the type I receptor phosphorylates the receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smad1/5/8) which interact with a common partner Smad4. The Smad complex accumulates into the nucleus and regulates target gene expression. This canonical signalling pathway is regulated at different levels, in particular by co-receptors which amplify or antagonize TGF-ß family members action. The type I receptors and R-Smads involved in AMH effects on post-natal GCs remain unknown. In addition, to date, no co-receptor has been found for AMH. To define the involvement of the different type I receptors, we used siRNA technology to inactivate Acvr1, Bmpr1a and Bmpr1b in GC. In parallele, we analysed GC extracted from conditional mutant mice for Acvr1 and Bmpr1a. We found that BMPR-IA is the most important type I receptor for AMH to transduce its signal in GC. A Smad-Gal4/UAS-luciferase reporter gene technology allowed us to show that Smad1 and 5 are involved in AMH signaling pathway. Recently, new BMPs coreceptors were found, RGMs for Repulsive Guidance Molecules. There are three RGMs : RGMa, b and c. Because AMH shares with BMPs its type I receptors and R-Smad proteins, we hypothesized that they also share the same co-receptors, the RGM. We showed that RGMb was the only one expressed in GC and after siRNA transfection we demonstrated that this coreceptor is not essential for AMH to transduce its signal.To date, only few AMH target genes have been identified. Aromatase (Cyp19a1) and LH receptor (Lhcgr) are down-regulated by AMH in rat and porcine GCs. We used micro-array technology (Affymetrix) by comparing Wt and knockout immature ovaries to find new AMH target genes. This experiment evidenced that Ovgp1 and Kcnj2 are two new potential AMH target genes in the ovary.The last part of my project was to define a potential role of AMH in murine uterus. Only one study showed that AMHR-II is expressed in the mouse myometrium. We showed that Amh gene is slightly expressed in uterus but the results are not confirmed at the protein level. Using PCR-array, we found a lot of differentially expressed genes between Wt and Amh KO uterus. Therefore, AMH could regulate uterine function through the modulation of different genes located in the myometrium.
L’hormone anti-Müllerienne (AMH) est un membre de la famille TGF-β impliquée dans la différenciation du tractus reproductif mâle. Elle est aussi exprimée par les cellules de la granulosa de l’ovaire adulte. Cependant, son rôle physiologique chez la femelle n’a pas encore été entièrement établi. Mon projet de thèse a pour objectif d’élucider le(s) rôle(s) de l’AMH dans le tractus reproductif femelle. L’AMH transduit ses effets par l’intermédiaire de deux récepteurs transmembranaires sérine/thréonine kinase : un récepteur de type II qui lui est spécifique (AMHR-II) et un récepteur de type I (ActR-IA, BMPR-IA, BMPR-IB) qu’elle partage avec les BMPs. Après fixation de l’hormone sur le récepteur de type II, celui-ci recrute et phosphoryle le récepteur de type I. Ce dernier phosphoryle à son tour les Smads spécifiques (Smad1, 5 et 8) qui s’associent à la Smad commune, Smad4. L’ensemble transloque dans le noyau et en association avec des facteurs de transcription régule les gènes cibles de l’hormone. L'utilisation de souris KO conditionnelles pour les récepteurs Acvr1 et Bmpr1a et d'une technique de siRNA dirigés contre chacun des trois récepteurs de type I a permis de mettre en évidence que le récepteur BMPR-IA est un acteur essentiel de la voie de signalisation de l'AMH dans les cellules de la granulosa. Pour déterminer la ou les Smad(s) impliquées, une technique de gènes rapporteurs, Smad-Gal4/UAS-luciférase, a été utilisée. Nous avons pu montrer que les Smad1 et 5 sont importantes pour la transduction du signal de l'AMH dans les cellules de la granulosa. Récemment des corécepteurs aux BMPs, les Repulsive Guidance Molecule (RGMs), ont été mis en évidence. L’AMH partageant sa voie de signalisation avec les BMPs, nous avons cherché à déterminer si ces corécepteurs pouvaient également intervenir dans la voie de signalisation de l’AMH. Il existe 3 types de RGMs: RGMa, RGMb et RGMc. Nous avons montré en q-PCR que seul RGMb est exprimé dans les cellules de la granulosa alors que les 3 RGMs sont exprimés dans l’ovaire. L'utilisation de siRNA dirigés contre RGMb a permis de montrer que ce récepteur n'est pas nécessaire à la transduction du signal de l'AMH. Actuellement, seuls deux gènes cibles de l’AMH sont connus dans les cellules de la granulosa : l’aromatase et le récepteur LH. Nous avons réalisé des analyses de puces à ADN (ou micro-array) pour décrire de nouveaux gènes cibles de l'AMH. L'analyse des puces a permis de décrire de nouveaux gènes régulés par cette hormone tels qu’Ovgp1 ou Kcnj2. La dernière partie de mon projet visait à déterminer un rôle potentiel de l'AMH dans l'utérus. En effet, le récepteur de cette hormone est exprimé dans le myomètre utérin de souris permettant de supposer qu’elle peut agir sur cet organe. Nous avons pu mettre en évidence une expression faible du gène de l’Amh dans l’utérus. En revanche, l’expression et la localisation de la protéine restent encore à définir. Une expérience de PCR-array a permis de montrer que de nombreux gènes sont différentiellement exprimés entre l’utérus Wt et l’utérus KO Amh. Ceci indique que l’AMH jouerait un rôle sur la régulation de la fonction utérine qu’elle soit exprimée ou non dans cet organe.
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00989662

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
NNT : 2014PA11T014
tel-00989662
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00989662
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00989662/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00989662/file/VA_SEDES_LAURIANE_03042014.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Glycol ethers are present in a wide range of occupational and domestic products. Animal studies have suggested that some of them may affect ovarian function. OBJECTIVE: To study the relation between women's exposure to glycol ethers and time to pregnancy. METHODS: Urine from randomly selected women in the PELAGIE mother-child cohort who had samples collected before 19 weeks of gestation was tested to measure eight glycol ether metabolites by chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Time to pregnancy was collected at the beginning of the pregnancy by asking women how many months they took to conceive. Associations between metabolite levels and time to pregnancy were estimated in 519 women with complete data using discrete-time Cox proportional hazards models to adjust for potential confounders. RESULTS: Glycol ether metabolites were detected in 6% (for ethoxyacetic acid) to 93% (for phenoxyacetic and butoxyacetic acids) of urine samples. Phenoxyacetic acid was the only metabolite with a statistically significant association with longer time to pregnancy (fecundability OR 0.82; 95% CI: 0.63, 1.06 for the second and third quartile combined; fecundability OR 0.70; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.95 for a fourth-quartile (≥1.38 mg/L) vs. first-quartile concentration (<0.14 mg/L)). This association remained stable after multiple sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION: Phenoxyacetic acid, which was present in most of the urine samples tested in our study, was associated with increased time to pregnancy. This metabolite and its main parent compound, 2-phenoxyethanol, are plausible causes of decreased fecundability, but may also be surrogates for potential co-exposures frequently present in cosmetics.
ISSN: 0091-6765

hal-00866023
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00866023
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00866023/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00866023/file/Urinary_Glycol_Ether-accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.1206103

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : During the present study, we aimed at providing a first look at the elemental composition of the early stages of cephalopods as an approach to their elemental requirements in culture. Essential and non-essential elemental profiles of the European cuttlefish Sepia officinalis, the European squid Loligo vulgaris and the common octopus Octopus vulgaris laboratory hatchlings and wild juveniles were analysed. In addition, for O. vulgaris we determined elemental profiles of mature ovary, eggs in different stages of development and followed possible effects of four dietary treatments during paralarval rearing, also analyzing elemental content of the live preys Artemia nauplii and Maja brachydactyla hatchling zoeae. Content was determined for essential (As, Ca, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Rb, S, Sr, Zn) and non-essemial (Ag, Al, Ba, Cd, Hg, Pb) elements. The content in non-essential elements found in hatchlings and juveniles of the three species analyzed here seems to be far lower in comparison with subadult and adult stages of coastal cephalopods. In the octopus eggs, the non-essential element concentrations remained globally low compared to hatchlings and juveniles indicating the absorption of these elements along the ontogenefic development. The elemental composition of the octopus ovary and of the eggs, hatchlings and juveniles of the three cephalopod species analyzed here showed a high content in S. As expected, the calcified internal shell of the cuttlefish, rich in Ca and Sr, originates the main difference between species. It is remarkable the richness in Cu of hatchling octopus, that may indicate a particular nutritional requirement for this element during the planktonic life. The reared octopus paralarvae feed on Artemia nauplii, a prey with relatively low Cu content, showed nearly half Cu content that the "natural" profile of octopus hatchlings or wild juveniles. This suggests a dietary effect and/or an indication of the poor physiological stage of the Artemia-fed paralarvae. At the present, the percentage of essential element absorption by food or seawater is unknown for cephalopods and should be determined in the future to understand their feeding requirements in culture. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Aquaculture (0044-8486) (Elsevier), 2006-11 , Vol. 261 , N. 1 , P. 225-240

Droits : 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-2183.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.07.006
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/2183/

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Science Bv
Résumé : A 30-day trial was performed to evaluate the reproductive performance of wild and 2nd generation domesticated Farfantepenaeus duorarum broodstock. Changes in biochemical composition and fatty acids (FA) profile in the 1st and 4th spawn order females were used as indicators of nutritional condition. Wild population of F. duorarum presented significantly better reproductive outcomes as compared to domesticated ones. Wild spawners achieved significantly higher number of eggs per spawn, number of egg per spawn per g of spawner's body weight and number of nauplii per spawn (P<0.05). Latency period was significantly shorter (P<0.05) for wild than for domesticated females (11 vs 17 days). Wild spawners also presented less mortality (6 vs 12%), higher number of total spawns (51 vs 33), spawns per ablated and per spawning females as well as higher total eggs and nauplii production. On the other hand, domesticated females presented higher number of females that spawned at least once (89 vs 76%). The higher spawning activity was reflected in lower levels of acylglycerides (AG) and cholesterol content in wild hepatopancreas (HP) and ovary (OV) (P<0.05). FA profile, mainly represented by ARA, EPA and sum of n-3 were higher in hepatopancreas and ovary of wild females, however lower levels were detected in eggs as a result of a high spawning activity. Multivariate analysis performed to detected simultaneous variation in biochemical variables indicated AG as variation pattern's responsive. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Aquaculture (0044-8486) (Elsevier Science Bv), 2012-05 , Vol. 344 , P. 194-204

Droits : 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00079/19042/17214.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.03.014
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00079/19042/

Éditeur(s) : Edp Sciences S A
Résumé : The present work examines the usefulness of the combination of multivariate analyses and further one-way analysis of variance in the search for links between causes and effects in heterologous stimulation of spawning in fish. Stimulations with both 20 and 50 mu g . kg(-1) doses of [D Trp(6)] luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue (LH-RHa) were effective in inducing and synchronizing spawning of red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. Oocyte development monitoring using ovarian biopsy allowed treatment injections at different stages of maturation. The influence at stimulation time of female oocyte development state upon further development was shown. An interesting potential of second stimulation, leading to high quality spawns, was established and factors of success were identified. The best conditions for stimulation success were simultaneously late stage of oocyte development characterized by the beginning of oil droplet coalescence, high ovarian homogeneity quoted by the proportion of most developed oocytes in the biopsy sample, and low dose of hormone (20 mu g . kg(-1)) for both first and second stimulations.
Ce travail examine l’intérêt de la combinaison d’analyses multivariées et de l’analyse de variance à un facteur pour la recherche de liens au sein d’expérimentations aquacoles faisant intervenir une diversité de causes et d’effets. L’injection de l’analogue [D Trp6] de la gonado-libérine (LH-RHa) est efficace aux doses de 20 et 50 íg×kg–1 pour provoquer et synchroniser les pontes chez l’ombrine, Sciaenops ocellatus. Un suivi du développement ovocytaire par biopsie ovarienne permet en outre de réaliser des injections à différents stades de maturation et l’influence du stade ovocytaire de la femelle, au moment de la stimulation sur la qualité de la ponte, est ainsi mise en évidence. Un potentiel intéressant suite à une seconde stimulation aboutissant à des pontes de qualité, est établi et des facteurs de réussite sont identifiés. Les meilleures conditions pour le succès de la stimulation sont simultanément : le dernier stade de développement ovocytaire, caractérisé par le début de coalescence de la gouttelette lipidique, la forte homogénéité ovarienne représentant la proportion des ovocytes les plus développés au sein de l’échantillon obtenu par biopsie, la faible dose hormonale (20 íg×kg–1) à la fois pour les premières et les secondes stimulations.
Aquatic Living Resources (0990-7440) (Edp Sciences S A), 2000-01 , Vol. 13 , N. 1 , P. 19-27

Droits : 2000 Ifremer/Cnrs/Inra/Ird/Cemagref/Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00187/29875/28361.pdf
DOI:10.1016/S0990-7440(00)00137-6
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00187/29875/

Résumé : Planta herbácea con bulbos divididos y envueltos en una piel blancuzca. Hojas aplanadas, de 2-3 cm de ancho. Inflorescencia en escapo de unos 50 cm; umbela densa; flores rosadas con ovario oblongo-ovoideo.
Plante herbacée à bulbes divisés et enveloppés d';une peau blanchâtre. Tige de 50 cm environ. Feuilles planes, de 2-3 cm de largeur. Ombelle petite et dense, fleurs rosées, 6 étamines dont 3 de longueurs inégales, ovaire oblongue-ovoïde. Fruit: capsule.
Herbaceous plant with bulbs divided into cloves which are enveloped in a whitish skin.  Scape about 50 cm long.  Leaves smooth, 2 to 3 cm wide.  Umbel dense;flowers pink; ovary oblong-ovoid.
De origen euroasiático, cultivada en gran parte del mundo.
D';origine euroasiatique, cultivée partout dans le monde.  
Native to Eurasia, cultivated all over the world.

http://www.tramil.net/fototeca/plant12

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
In intrauterine pregnancies of uncertain viability with a gestational sac without a yolk sac (with a mean of three orthogonal transvaginal ultrasound measurements <25 mm), the suspected pregnancy loss should only be confirmed after a follow-up scan at least 14 days later shows no embryo with cardiac activity (Grade C). In intrauterine pregnancies of uncertain viability with an embryo <7 mm on transvaginal ultrasound, the suspected pregnancy loss should only be confirmed after a follow-up scan at least 7 days later (Grade C). In pregnancies of unknown location after transvaginal ultrasound (i.e. not visible in the uterus), a threshold of at least 3510 IU/l for the serum human chorionic gonadotrophin assay is recommended; above that level, a viable intrauterine pregnancy can be ruled out (Grade C). Postponing conception after an early miscarriage in women who want a new pregnancy is not recommended (Grade A). A work-up for women with recurrent pregnancy loss should include the following: diabetes (Grade A), antiphospholipid syndrome (Grade A), hypothyroidism with anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg) antibodies (Grade A), vitamin deficiencies (B9, B12) (Grade C), hyperhomocysteinaemia (Grade C), hyperprolactinaemia (Grade B), diminished ovarian reserve (Grade C), and a uterine malformation or an acquired uterine abnormality amenable to surgical treatment (Grade C). The treatment options recommended for women with a missed early miscarriage are vacuum aspiration (Grade A) or misoprostol (Grade B); and the treatment options recommended for women with an incomplete early miscarriage are vacuum aspiration (Grade A) or expectant management (Grade A). In the absence of both chorioamnionitis and rupture of the membranes, women with a threatened late miscarriage and an open cervix, with or without protrusion of the amniotic sac into the vagina, should receive McDonald cerclage, tocolysis with indomethacin, and antibiotics (Grade C). Among women with a threatened late miscarriage and an isolated undilated shortened cervix (<25 mm on ultrasound), cerclage is only indicated for those with a history of either late miscarriage or preterm delivery (Grade A). Among women with a threatened late miscarriage, an isolated undilated shortened cervix (<25 mm on ultrasound) and no uterine contractions, daily treatment with vaginal progesterone up to 34 weeks of gestation is recommended (Grade A). Hysteroscopic section of the septum is recommended for women with a uterine septum and a history of late miscarriage (Grade C). Correction of acquired abnormalities of the uterine cavity (e.g. polyps, myomas, synechiae) is recommended after three early or late miscarriages (Grade C). Prophylactic cerclage is recommended for women with a history of three late miscarriages or preterm deliveries (Grade B). Low-dose aspirin and low-molecular-weight heparin at a preventive dose are recommended for women with obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (Grade A). Glycaemic levels should be controlled before conception in women with diabetes (Grade A)
ISSN: 0301-2115

hal-01295639
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01295639
DOI : 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.02.015
PUBMED : 27039249

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Croton urucurana Baillon (Euphorbiaceae), plant species popularly known in Brazil as “sangra-d’água”, is commonly found in Mato Grosso do Sul State (midwestern Brazil), where its latex is popularly used to treat several types of cancer. Despite the ethnopharmacological significance of the species, no phytochemical or cytotoxic studies of its latex have been published. In this context, the aim of the present study was to assess the cytotoxic activity of crude extracts, fractions and isolated compound from the latex of C. urucurana and to investigate the effects of crourorb A1 on the viability, apoptosis, cell cycle and cell migration of human hepatocarcinoma cell lines (Huh-7). Also, we have evaluated the viability of Huh-7 cells treated with crourorb A1 in 3D collagen gels. The cytotoxicity was detected using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay against six human cancer cells lines and one nontumor NIH/3T3 cell line (murine fibroblast). Studies on the mechanism of cell death of crourorb A1 were conducted in different test systems in vitro. The bioactive ethyl acetate phase obtained from the latex of C. urucurana afforded a novel cyclic peptide, [1−9-NαC]-crourorb A1, that proved active against NCIADR/ RES (ovary, multidrug-resistance phenotype) cells with the same potency as doxorubicin (positive control) and inactive up to the highest concentration tested against nontumor NIH/3T3 cells (GI50 = > 250 μg/mL). Crourorb A1 treatment decreases the cell viability of Huh-7 at dose and time dependent manner associated with induction of apoptosis by caspase 3/7 activation and increasing expression of pro-apoptotic proteins: Bak, Bid, Bax, Puma, Bim, and Bad and clived-caspase3 protein. The JNK/MAP pathway is involved in this induced cell death. Crourorb A1 effect is also associated with G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. In parallel, we observed that crourorb A1 treatment resulted in an increase of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK1), cyclin B1 and cyclin D1 expressions. A significant reduction of Huh-7 cells migration by crourorb A1 can be assessed and we also show that cells grown on 3D collagen gels exhibited increased resistance to crourorb A1 when compared to 2D cell culture.
Croton urucurana Baillon (Euphorbiaceae), est une plante très connue et utilisée en médecine traditionnelle au Brésil, la «sangra-d’água» retrouvée dans l'État du Mato Grosso do Sul (région Centre-Ouest du Brésil). Son latex est abondamment utilisé en médecine traditionnelle dans le traitement de plusieurs types de cancer. En dépit de son importance ethnopharmacologique, on ne trouve aucune étude sur sa composition chimique ou sur sa potentielle activité anti-cancéreuse. L’objectif de ce travail a été d'évaluer l'activité cytotoxique des extraits totaux, fractions d’extraits et de molécules purifiées, isolées du latex de C. urucurana. Nous avons étudié plus particulièrement les effets du crourorb A1 sur la viabilité, l'apoptose, le cycle cellulaire et la migration de cellules issues de carcinome hépatocellulaire humaine (Huh-7). Nous avons également évalué l’effet du crourorb A1sur la viabilité des cellules Huh-7 cultivées dans les gels de collagène en 3D. L' activité cytotoxique ont été réalisées par le test à la sulforhodamine B sur six lignées cellulaire cancéreuses et sur une lignée cellulaire non cancéreuse de fibroblastes murins, les cellules NIH/3T3. L'étude phytochimique de la fraction ‘acétate d'éthyle’ du latex de C. urucurana bioguidé a permis d’obtenir un nouveau cyclopeptide que nous avons nommé [1-9-NαC]-crourorb A1. Le crourorb présente une cytotoxicité puissante sur la lignée cellulaire cancéreuse NCI-ADR/RES (ovaire, le phénotype de multirésistance) à un niveau équivalent à celle de la doxorubicine (témoin positif). Ce composé est de plus pratiquement inactif (GI50 = >250 μg/mL) sur la lignée non cancéreuse NIH/3T3. L'évaluation de la cytotoxicité in vitro du crourorb A1 (test wst1) sur les cellules Huh-7 a démontré que la viabilité des cellules est inhibée de manière dose et temps-dépendant. Nous avons mesuré une forte activation des caspases 3 et 7 et une nette augmentation de l’expression des protéines pro-apoptotiques (Bak, Bid, Bax, Puma, Bim et Bad) ainsi que de la caspase 3 clivée par le crourorb A1. Nous avons également déterminé que la voie de signalisation JNK-MAPkinase semble nécessaire à l’induction de la mort cellulaire des cellules Huh-7 traitées au crourorb A1. Le crourob A1 induit un arrêt du cycle cellulaire en phase G2/M. En parallèle, les expressions de la cycline-dépendante kinase CDK1, des cyclines B1 et D1 sont augmentées après traitement au crourorb A1. De plus, le crourorb A1 a un effet inhibiteur significatif de la migration des cellules Huh-7, en présence ou absence de mitomycine C. Nous avons également confirmé, l’effet inhibiteur du crourob A1 sur la viabilité des cellules Huh7 cultivées en 3D dans les gels de collagène 1 et démontré que les cellules cultivées en 3D semblent plus résistantes au crourorb A1 par rapport aux cultures en monocouche 2D.
Croton urucurana Baillon (Euphorbiaceae) é uma espécie arbórea conhecida popularmente no Brasil como “sangra d´água”, comumente encontrada no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, onde seu látex tem sido utilizado na medicina popular no tratamento de vários tipos de câncer. Apesar de sua importância etnofarmacológica, não há relatos de estudos relacionados à sua composição química ou atividades anticâncer na literatura. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a atividade citotóxica de extratos, fases, frações e da substância isolada do látex de C. ururucurana e investigar os mecanismos celulares e moleculares in vitro responsáveis pela citotoxicidade da substância isolada considerando seu potencial apoptótico e influência sobre a progressão do ciclo celular em uma linhagem de hepatocarcinoma celular humano (Huh-7), bem como, os efeitos desta substância sobre a migração e viabilidade de células Huh-7 cultivadas em geis de colágeno em 3D. O ensaio de citotoxicidade in vitro foi realizado com o corante sulforrodamina B (SRB) em seis linhagens de células neoplásicas humanas e uma linhagem de células não neoplásicas NIH/3T3 (fibloblasto murinho). Os estudos de mecanismos de ação com crourorb A1 foram conduzidos em diferentes sistemas-teste in vitro. O estudo fitoquímico biomonitorado da fase bioativa acetato de etila do látex de C. urucurana resultou no isolamento de um novo ciclopeptídeo denominado [19-NαC]-crourorb A1, que apresentou potente atividade citotóxica frente à linhagem de células neoplásicas NCI-ADR/RES (ovário com fenótipo de resistência a múltiplos fármacos), com a mesma potência que a doxorrubicina (controle positivo), e foi inativa até a maior concentração testada (GI50 = >250 μg/mL) frente à linhagem de células não neoplásicas 3T3. A exposição de células Huh-7 ao crourorb A1 resultou em uma diminuição da viabilidade celular de maneira dose e tempo-dependentes. Nós observamos um aumento da atividade de caspases 3 e 7 e um aumento da expressão de proteínas próapoptóticas (Bak, Bid, Bax, Puma, Bim e Bad) e caspase 3 clivada após tratamento com crourorb A1. Além disso, observamos que a via de sinalização celular MAP/JNK foi necessária para induzir a morte celular em células Huh-7 tratadas com crourorb A1. Os efeitos de crourorb A1 foram também associados com o acúmulo de células na fase G2/M do ciclo celular. Em paralelo, as expressões da cinase dependente da ciclina (CDK1), ciclina B1 e ciclina D1 foram aumentadas após tratamento com crourorb A1. Foi demonstrado também o envolvimento de crourorb A1 na redução da migração de células Huh-7 cultivadas na presença e ausência de mitomicina C. A avaliação da viabilidade de células Huh-7 cultivadas em geis de colágeno em 3D apontou uma maior resistência destas células ao crourorb A1 quando comparadas com a cultura de células em 2D.
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01478286

NNT : 2016REN1B010
tel-01478286
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01478286
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01478286/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01478286/file/DE-MATOS-CANDIDO-BACANI-Priscila.pdf

Éditeur(s) : 10 th Meeting of the World Mariculture Society. Honolulu, January 1979
Résumé : Three shrimp species, Penaeus monodon, P. stylirostris (Panama and Mexican strains) and P. vannamei have matured and spawned in captivity at the Centre Océanologique du Pacifique (COP) laboratory. The shrimp, originally stocked as juveniles or postlarvae, were reared to adult size in tanks and ponds and have completed the cycle: F3 generation for P. monodon, F2 for P. stylirostris (Panama strain) and P. vannamei and F1 for P. stylirostris (Mexican strain). Maturation occurs naturally under our rearing conditions or is induced by unilateral eyestalk ablation. Details are given on mating behavior, ovarian development, number of spawnings, egg viability and maintenance of captive brood stock. Partial results so far obtained for P. monodon and P. stylirostris clearly show a reared brood stock could sustain a commercial hatchery. [NOT CONTROLLED OCR]

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1979/acte-4423.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4423/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) plays crucial roles in sexual differentiation and gonadal functions. However, the possible extragonadal effects of AMH on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis remain unexplored. Here we demonstrate that a significant subset of GnRH neurons both in mice and humans express the AMH receptor, and that AMH potently activates the GnRH neuron firing in mice. Combining in vivo and in vitro experiments, we show that AMH increases GnRH-dependent LH pulsatility and secretion, supporting a central action of AMH on GnRH neurons. Increased LH pulsatility is an important pathophysiological feature in many cases of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common cause of female infertility, in which circulating AMH levels are also often elevated. However, the origin of this dysregulation remains unknown. Our findings raise the intriguing hypothesis that AMH-dependent regulation of GnRH release could be involved in the pathophysiology of fertility and could hold therapeutic potential for treating PCOS
ISSN: 2041-1723

hal-01259206
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01259206
DOI : 10.1038/ncomms10055
PUBMED : 26753790