Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : 1 p.
For groundwater issues (potential leakages in waste repository, aquifer management ...), the development of modeling techniques is far ahead of the actual knowledge of aquifers. This raises two fundamental issues: 1) which and how much data are necessary to make predictions accurate enough for aquifer management issues; 2) which models remain relevant to describe the heterogeneity and complexity of geological systems. The French observatory H+ was created in 2002 with the twofold motivation of acquiring a large database for validating models of heterogeneous aquifers, and of surveying groundwater quality evolution in the context of environmental changes. H+ is a network of 4 sites (Ploemeur, Brittany, France; HES Poitiers, France; Cadarache, France; Campos, Mallorca, Spain) with different geological, climatic, and economic contexts. All of them are characterized by a highly heterogeneous structure (fractured crystalline basement for Ploemeur, karstified and fractured limestone for Poitiers, Cadarache and Mallorca), which is far to be taken into account by basic models. Ploemeur is exploited as a tap-water plant for a medium-size coastal city (15,000 inhabitants) for 20 years. Each site is developed for long term investigation and monitoring. They involves a dense network of boreholes, detailed geological and geophysical surveys, periodic campaigns and/or permanent measurements of groundwater flow, water chemistry, geophysical signals (including ground motions), climatic parameter, etc. Several large-scale flow experiments are scheduled per year to investigate the aquifer structure with combined geophysical, hydrogeological, and geochemical instruments. All this information is recorded in a database that has been developed to improve the sustainability and quality of data, and to be used as a collaborative tool for both site researchers and modelers. This project lasts now for 5 years. It is a short time to collect the amount of information necessary to apprehend the complexity of aquifers; but it is already enough to obtain a few important scientific results about the very nature of the flow heterogeneity, the origin and residence time of water elements, the kinetic of geochemical processes, etc. We have also developed new methods to investigate aquifers (in-situ flow measurements, flow experiment designs, groundwater dating, versatile in-situ probes, etc.). This experience aiming at building up long term knowledge appears extremely useful to address critical issues related to groundwater aquifers: the structure and occurrence of productive aquifer in crystalline basement, the assessment of aquifer protection area in the context of highly heterogeneous flow, the biochemical reactivity processes, the long term evolution of both water quantity and quality in the context of significant environmental changes, for instance.
AGU, Fall Meeting 2008
San Francisco, United States

insu-00375980
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00375980

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD University of Uludag
Résumé : International audience
We tested whether the silicone swim caps (SC) worn by young swimmers in a tropical climate negatively influence aerobic performance. Nine trained pre-adolescents [11.8 (± 0.8) years] swam randomized 800-m trials (water: 32.9°C, outdoors: shade, 29.2 ± 0.2 °C, 74 ± 0.3 % rh) with a SC or a nude head (NH). Performance times and heart rate (HR) were monitored continuously. Rectal temperature (T rec) was measured before and after trials. The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was assessed. Stroke frequency (SF), stroke length (SL) and stroke index (SI) were measured every 50-m. The SC trial was significantly longer than NH (799 ± 16 and 781 ± 16 seconds, respectively). Mean delta T rec was significantly greater in SC (0.2 ± 0.1°C vs.-0.1 ± 0.1°C in SC vs. NH), mean SI was significantly different in SC versus NH (1.83 ± 0.07 vs 1.73 ± 0.06); but RPE and mean HR, SF and SL showed no change. We conclude that a silicone swim cap worn in tropical environment significantly decreased 800-m crawl performance without affecting HR or RPE. Silicone swim caps worn by young swimmers in a tropical environment may also have negative effects on training capacity.
ISSN: 1303-2968

hal-01137570
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01137570
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01137570/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01137570/file/Hue%2C%20Galy%20-%202012%20-%20The%20effect%20of%20a%20silicone%20swim%20cap%20on%20swimming%20performance%20in%20tropical%20conditions%20in%20pre-adolescents.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Among the environmental threats to coral reef health, temperature and ultraviolet increases have been proposed as major agents, although the relative contribution of each in the cnidarian/zooxanthellae symbiosis breakdown has been poorly addressed. We have investigated the transcriptomic response to thermal stress, with and without ultraviolet radiation (UVR), in the symbiotic sea anemone Anemonia viridis. Using the Oligo2K A.similar to viridis microarray, dedicated to genes potentially involved in the symbiosis interaction, we monitored the gene expression profiles after 1, 2 and 5 days of stresses that further lead to massive losses of zooxanthellae. Each stress showed a specific gene expression profile with very little overlap. We showed that the major response to thermal stress is immediate (24 h) but returns to the baseline gene expression profile after 2 days. UVR alone has little effect but potentiates thermal stress, as a second response at 5 days was observed when the two stresses were coupled. Several pathways were highlighted, such as mesoglea loosening, cell death and calcium homeostasis and described in more details. Finally, we showed that the dermatopontin gene family, potentially involved in collagen fibrillogenesis, issued from actinarian-specific duplication events, with one member preferentially expressed in the gastroderm and specifically responding to stress.
ISSN: 0962-1083

hal-01546174
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01546174
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05458.x

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Laboratoire Arago
Résumé : International audience
Some coral reefs are threatened around the world due to the effects of coastaldevelopment, over-fishing and multiple factors associated with global climate change. In 2013,a monitoring programme was implemented in Western Samoa to document changes in reef communitiesand the impacts of natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Underwater visual surveysreported the first data on coral cover on the north coast of Western Samoa. Between 2013 and2015, all living coral genera (Acropora, Leptoria, Montipora, Platygyra, Pocillopora) droppedfrom 42 % to 0 %. The interaction of crown-of-thorns startfish outbreak in 2010-2014 andunusually high temperature in 2015 could have acted as a deathly combination for the coralreefs in Western Samoa.
ISSN: 0240-8759

hal-01416776
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01416776

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Résumé : International audience
Nowadays, technological advances in satellite imagery measurements as well as the development of dense geodetic and seismologic networks allow for a detailed analysis of surface deformation associated with active fault seismic cycle. However, the study of earthquake dynamics faces several limiting factors related to the difficulty to access the deep source of earthquake and to integrate the characteristic time scales of deformation processes that extend from seconds to thousands of years. To overcome part of these limitations and better constrain the role and couplings between kinematic and mechanical parameters, we have developed a new experimental approach allowing for the simulation of strike-slip fault earthquakes and analyze in detail hundreds of successive seismic cycle. Model rheology is made of multilayered visco-elasto-plastic analog materials to account for the mechanical behavior of the upper and lower crust and to allow simulating brittle/ductile coupling, postseismic deformation phase and far-field stress transfers. The kinematic evolution of the model surface is monitored using an optical system, based on subpixel spectral correlation of high-resolution digital images. First, results show that the model succeed in reproducing the deformation mechanisms and surface kinematics associated to the main phases of the seismic cycle indicating that model scaling is satisfactory. These results are comforted by using numerical algorithms to study the strain and stress distribution at the surface and at depth, along the fault plane. Our analog modeling approach appears, then, as an efficient complementary approach to investigate earthquake dynamics.
ISSN: 0278-7407

hal-01174176
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01174176
DOI : 10.1002/2014TC003701

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The Roussillon sedimentary Basin (South France) is a complex multi-layered aquifer, close to the Mediterranean Sea facing seasonally increases of water abstraction and salinization issues. We report geochemical and isotopic vertical variability in this aquifer using groundwater sampled with a Westbay System® at two coastal monitoring sites: Barcarès and Canet. The Westbay sampling allows pointing out and explaining the variation of water quality along vertical profiles, both in productive layers and in the less permeable ones where most of the chemical processes are susceptible to take place.The aquifer layers are not equally impacted by salinization, with electrical conductivity ranging from 460 to 43,000 μS·cm− 1. The δ2H–δ18O signatures show mixing between seawater and freshwater components with long water residence time as evidenced by the lack of contribution from modern water using 3H, 14C and CFCs/SF6. S(SO4) isotopes also evidence seawater contribution but some signatures can be related to oxidation of pyrite and/or organically bounded S. In the upper layers 87Sr/86Sr ratios are close to that of seawater and then increase with depth, reflecting water–rock interaction with argillaceous formations while punctual low values reflect interaction with carbonate. Boron isotopes highlight secondary processes such as adsorption/desorption onto clays in addition to mixings. At the Barcarès site (120 m deep), the high salinity in some layers appear to be related neither to present day seawater intrusion, nor to Salses-Leucate lagoonwater intrusion. Groundwater chemical composition thus highlights binary mixing between fresh groundwater and inherited salty water together with cation exchange processes, water–rock interactions and, locally, sedimentary organic matter mineralisation probably enhanced by pyrite oxidation.Finally, combining the results of this study and those of Caballero and Ladouche (2015), we discuss the possible future evolution of this aquifer system under global change, as well as the potential management strategies needed to preserve quantitatively and qualitatively this water resource.
ISSN: 0048-9697

hal-01685219
https://hal-brgm.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01685219
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.016

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The challenge is to implement research that can estimate the consequences ofclimate changes in terms of impact on terrestrial environments and resources.Emphasis should be placed on regions dependent on natural resources and forwhich demographic pressure is strong. Simulations obtained from climate modelprojections (using different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs))predict that the Mediterranean basin and its southern periphery are particularlyvulnerable to water resources and environmental impact (IPCC, AR5, 2013).An annual rainfall decrease by 30% is found for the projection period 2070-2099(IPCC, AR5, 2013) associated with a decrease in water resources by 30 to 50%(Milano, 2012). In addition, several studies using regional atmospheric modelsindicate an increase in the precipitation inter-annual variability with extremeevents and a spatial heterogeneous signature, superimposed on a decrease in thetotal precipitation amount (Giorgi and Lionello, 2008; Raible et al. 2010).Currently, regional climate projections are highly sensitive to the climate modelused. In particular, spatial resolution as well as local climate conditions seemto impact significantly on the simulations (Jacob et al. 2014).The Mediterranean region, at the interface between arid and temperate climateswith several mountainous areas, is a complex climate system affected by theinteractions between mid-latitude and sub-tropical processes. In this context,Morocco, located at the transition between a temperate climate to the North anda tropical climate to the south constitutes a key area for an impact and sensitivitystudy to global climate changes. The climate is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean,the Mediterranean Sea and the Sahara, together with a very steep orography inthe Atlas region. The precipitation distribution is therefore characterised by greatspatial variability, and exhibits a marked seasonality, a strong inter-annualvariability (Ouda et al. 2005) and in general a pronounced gradient from northto south and west to east. At a broader scale, Morocco is located on the subtropicalsubsidence path and between the Acores High and the Saharan Low (Agoussine,2003). Several studies have also identified strong links with inter-annualprecipitation variability and NAO index (Knippertz, 2003) as well as remoteclimate modes (Esper et al. 2007).Continental climate variability at a local/regional scale, if it is to be integratedin climate predictions, needs to be supported by long-term observation.Meteorological stations in Morocco provide climatic data mainly for the last40 years with only a few stations located in the mountainous region (Tramblayet al. 2012; 2013; Driouech et al. 2010). This climate database is also supportedby the IAEA network providing stations for which isotope tracers have beenapplied to daily/monthly rain and water vapour samples over 2 to 3 years between2000 and 2004. Besides the poor coverage of instrumented areas, lacustrinesystems can provide a climatic data set that offers access to short and long-termtime series of climate parameters when knowledge of modern lake water balanceis combined with lacustrine sedimentary-climate records. Lake sediment recordsideally provide high resolution climate/environmental information of the last10,000 years (Magny et al. 2013). This time interval (corresponding to theHolocene) is a key period to investigate short and long-term climate variabilityand to improve prediction in a warming climate.In this study we present an integrated approach focusing on a mountainous lake(Aguelmam Azigza). The modern lake system study is based on site monitoring(2012-2016) and available regional hydro-climatic data. These data show thatlake level changes during the instrumented period were mainly driven byprecipitation following the high inter-annual variability. These data are thencompared with accurately dated short sediment cores retrieved in the same lake.Micro-scale geochemical and sedimentological analyses of these sequencesenable us to identify various sedimentary facies that can be linked with periodsof high (low) lake levels over the past decades.
The Mediterranean Region under Climate ChangeLa méditerranée face au changement climatique

insu-01394690
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01394690
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01394690/document
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01394690/file/Vidaletal.2016-COP22-Chap1.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The number of satellites and sensors devoted to Earth observation has become increasingly elevated, delivering extensive data, especially images. At the same time, the access to such data and the tools needed to process them has considerably improved. In the presence of such data flow, we need automatic image interpretation methods, especially when it comes to the monitoring and prediction of environmental and societal changes in highly dynamic socio-environmental contexts. This could be accomplished via artificial intelligence. The concept described here relies on the induction of classification rules that explicitly take into account structural knowledge, using Aleph, an Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) system, combined with a multi-class classification procedure. This methodology was used to monitor changes in land cover/use of the French Guiana coastline. One hundred and fifty-eight classification rules were induced from 3 diachronic land cover/use maps including 38 classes. These rules were expressed in first order logic language, which makes them easily understandable by non-experts. A 10-fold cross-validation gave significant average values of 84.62%, 99.57% and 77.22% for classification accuracy, specificity and sensitivity, respectively. Our methodology could be beneficial to automatically classify new objects and to facilitate object-based classification procedures.
ISSN: 0098-3004

hal-01369822
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01369822
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01369822/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01369822/file/CAGEO-D-13-00538R1_article.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.cageo.2014.08.013

Éditeur(s) : The 11th Pacific Science Inter-Congress : Pacific Countries and their Ocean: Facing Local and Global Changes. March 2 - 6, 2009 Tahiti, French Polynesia
Résumé : New Caledonian shrimp farming feasibility studies started in the mid-seventies. Today ca. 2000 tons of Litopenaeus stylirostris, introduced in 1978, are semi-intensively produced each year. Since fifteen years, production has been impacted by two seasonal vibriosis, the “Summer” syndrome caused by Vibrio nigripulchritudo in relation to pond bottom and water column quality, and the “Winter Syndrome” caused by Vibrio penaeicida in relation to drastic temperature drops . With the ambition of elucidating processes possibly leading to mortality outbreaks in ponds, Ifremer has been conducting a research program since 2003 under the DESANS project (2003-2006) and the present DEDUCTION project, equally funded by the South and North Provinces and by the Government of New Caledonia. This program has been designed in a multidisciplinary approach integrating the suspected multifactorial origin of shrimp mortalities. Environment quality in ponds (either sediment or water column) plays a major role in the shrimp ecophysiological status, influencing sensitivity to pathogens . DEDUCTION focuses on a better knowledge of phytoplankton composition and biogeochemical fluxes at the sediment-water interface in ponds. Impact of farm discharges is also investigated. In addition, a more fundamental work is conducted to understand the pathogenicity mechanisms of these two Vibrio species but also to prevent the occurrence of viral infections through a RNA interference approach. Markers of the ecophysiological status of broodstock, larvae, post-larvae and reared animals, such as enzymes testifying from an oxidative stress, are developed. Gain of performance (resistance to pathogens and growth) were obtained on hybrids of the New Caledonian and introduced Hawaiian strains. Finally the database Stylog is exploited in view of discriminating “good” from “bad” rearings on the basis of relevant indicators.
Les études de faisabilité de l'aquaculture de crevettes ont débuté en Nouvelle-Calédonie dans les années soixante dix. Aujourd'hui environ 2000 tonnes de Litopenaeus stylirostris, introduite en 1978, sont produites chaque année de façon semi-intensive. Depuis quinze ans la production a été impactée par deux vibrioses : le syndrome d'été provoqué par Vibrio nigripulchritudo en relation avec la qualité de la tranche d'eau et des fonds de bassins et le syndrome d'hiver provoqué par Vibrio penaeicida en relation avec des chutes rapides de température. Dans le but d'élucider les processus entrainant des mortalités dans les élevages, Ifremer a conduit un programme de recherche depuis 2003 dans le cadre du projet DESANS (2003-2006) puis du présent projet DEDUCTION co-financé par les provinces Nord et Sud et le Gouvernement de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. Ce programme se construit dans une démarche multidisciplinaire intégrant les origines supposées multifactorielles des mortalités de crevettes. La qualité environnementale dans les bassins (les fonds et la colonne d'eau) joue un rôle majeur dans l'état physiologique des animaux, influençant leur sensibilité aux pathogènes. DEDUCTION se focalise sur une meilleure compréhension de la composition phytoplanctonique et des flux bio-géochimiques à l'interface eau/sédiment dans les bassins.L'impact des rejets des fermes est également étudié. En outre, un travail plus fondamental est conduit pour connaître les mécanismes de pathogénicité de ces deux espèces de Vibrio mais aussi pour prévenir les occurences d'infections virales par des approches ARN Interférence. Des marqueurs de l'état physiologique des oeufs, larves, post-larves et animaux en élevage, tels que les enzymes du stress oxydant sont utilisés.Les gains de performance (résistance aux pathogènes et croissance) sont obtenus sur des hybrides issus du croisement de la souche locale avec une souche hawaienne. Finalement la base de données STYLOG est exploitée dans le but de distinguer les bonnes des mauvaises pratiques sur la base d'indicateurs fiables.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00143/25438/23591.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00143/25438/

Résumé : The monitoring report (n° 26) of the nuclear power plant located in Flamanville (France) takes into account studies carried out between March and September 2008. Environmental effects and potential impacts of the aquatic system are reported through different chapters : hydrology, microbiology, phytoplankton, zooplankton, fisheries, intertidal phytobenthos and zoobenthos. This power plant has been in operation for twenty-three years.
L’étude de surveillance n° 26 du site électronucléaire de Flamanville (département de la Manche) concerne l’année 2008. Sont étudiés les domaines benthique, halieutique et pélagique. L’année 2008 est la 23ème année de fonctionnement de la Centrale de Flamanville.

Droits : 2009 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00026/13683/10762.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00026/13683/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Coral reefs are amongst the richest and more emblematic ecosystems of the world. These hotspots of biodiversity provide many services to Human societies, bringing leisure and economic added values. In many areas, especially developing countries, these ecosystems are submitted to both climate change (rise of sea temperature and level, acidification) and human coastal pressures (urbanisation, resources exploitation). In this context, an increasing number of Marine Protected Areas is settled on coral reefs environments in order to ensure their conservation and to mitigate local pressures. Hence, one of MPAs Managers' missions is to bring ecological and social data together to build integrated indicators of effectiveness. In Reunion Island, a MPA called the Marine reserve of La Réunion was settled in 2007 along a densely urbanised and populated fringing reef coast. In order to better evaluate its MPA effectiveness, the manager requires the integration of social stakes to the management plan. A uses monitoring protocol was developed in this purpose using an ultra light aircraft and a camera. Data on 15 different recreational and non-recreational uses were acquired between 2010 and 2013, flying 48 times a year, and entered into a Geographic Information System. A huge resulting database allowed the building of an initial knowledge of the spatio-temporal distribution of uses within the Reserve. It also enabled the analysis of the uses' evolution regarding various factors of variations (amenities, facilities, shark attacks, tourism, etc.). Finally, we assessed the contribution to management efficiency using social indicators (governance, pressure indicators), and to interdisciplinary research in bringing ecologic and uses data together. This thesis brings a brand new information about coastal human activity and spatio-temporal dynamics of direct pressures on reef. This tool, designed to be reproducible and cost-optimized, enables the production of a set of indicators. Its integration to the management plan exclusively depends on the strategic choices of the manager.
Les récifs coralliens figurent parmi les biomes côtiers les plus emblématiques de la planète. Ces points chauds de la biodiversité mondiale sont convoités par les sociétés humaines pour leurs qualités paysagères et leur plus-value économique. Exposés au même titre que de nombreux écosystèmes côtiers aux changements climatiques (élévation de la température, acidification des océans), ils sont de toutes parts soumis à une anthropisation littorale mal maitrisée (urbanisation, surexploitation des ressources). Dans ce contexte, de plus en plus d' Aires Marines Protégées (AMP) s'établissent sur des écosystèmes anthropisés, les amenant à intégrer l'Homme au coeur de la gestion. À La Réunion où l'urbanisation littorale est dense et où le paysage des usages littoraux ne cesse de s’étoffer, une Réserve Naturelle Marine (RNMR) a été établie en 2007 sur un récif frangeant. L’évaluation de l’efficacité de cette AMP par son gestionnaire doit se faire par le biais d'un ensemble d'indicateurs écologiques et socio-économiques. C’est en vue d’apporter des connaissances sur la fréquentation et les usages pratiqués au sein de la RNMR que cette thèse a été initiée. Elaboré sur la base d'un suivi en ULM, un protocole a été reproduit chaque année entre 2010 et 2013 et a permis la constitution d'une base de données spatialisée, dont l'exploitation a produit trois types de résultats: i) une connaissance initiale de la répartition spatio-temporelle des usages au sein de la RNMR; ii) une compréhension de l'évolution des dynamiques spatio-temporelles à la lumière des facteurs de variations identifiés (aménagements, aménités, crise requin, tourisme, etc.), et iii) une contribution à la gestion par le développement d'indicateurs sociaux (gouvernance, pressions), et à la recherche interdisciplinaire par une confrontation des données de fréquentation et des données écologiques du milieu. La réflexion menée dans le cadre de cette thèse apporte un éclairage nouveau sur les usages et la fréquentation des littoraux coralliens à La Réunion, et leur traduction en termes de pression anthropique directe. Pensé pour être reproductible et optimisé en termes de coût, cet outil permet la production d’un ensemble d’indicateurs dont l’intégration au plan de gestion dépend exclusivement des choix stratégiques du gestionnaire.
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01308703

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/
tel-01308703
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01308703
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01308703/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01308703/file/Th%C3%A8se_Lemahieu.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Semantic web standards, tools, ontologies and related technologies have considerably matured in the recent years. Nowadays, accessing a wide catalogue of biological, social, environmental, and ecological data sources helps stakeholders working on biodiversity to answer their complex questions. Will the real time access to web resources effectively support the definition of strategies to conserve and manage biodiversity? How might semantic web technologies help us to handle the complex and heterogeneous big data related to biodiversity? The workshop aims to identify the key challenges faced by the bioinformatics community, discuss potential solutions and identify the opportunities emerging from the trans-disciplinary interactions between Plant Science and Informatics experts. Therefore, we expect the bioinformatics experts to explain how they apply semantic web standards and tools to their scientific topic, from biology, agriculture, agro-ecology, genomics, environmental studies, to social sciences, citizen sciences. Research papers presenting various aspects of semantic web technologies applied to biodiversity data, ranging from position papers to implemented systems descriptions and their evaluation, will be selected. We are particularly interested in the use of the semantic technologies to design and develop systems that supports research on agricultural and wild biodiversity conservation and management for food security. Examples may include strategies for resilience to climate change pressures, sustainability of productive ecosystems, ecosystems services monitoring or territories management, rather than systems supporting only research on climate patterns or soil erosion.
http://hal-lirmm.ccsd.cnrs.fr/lirmm-00831757

lirmm-00831757
http://hal-lirmm.ccsd.cnrs.fr/lirmm-00831757
http://hal-lirmm.ccsd.cnrs.fr/lirmm-00831757/document

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
One of the main difficulties encountered when characterizing the hydrodynamic properties of a fractured aquifer is to identify the preferential flow paths within it. Different methods may be applied to determine the variability of the permeability at the borehole scale and to image the structure of the main flow zones between boreholes. In this paper, we compare the information obtained from different measurement techniques performed in a set of three 100 m depth wells (well-to-well spacing: 5­10 m) in a fractured crystalline rock setting. Geophysical logging and borehole-wall imaging are used to identify open and closed fractures intersecting the boreholes and their orientation. The comparison with flowmeter and single packer tests shows that few of the fractures interpreted as open from geophysical logs are significantly transmissive. Cross-borehole connectivity is first investigated from single packer tests with pressure monitoring in adjacent boreholes. To determine fracture zone connectivity, we propose a methodology simply based on the variation with packer depth of the ratio of the drawdown in the observation well and the drawdown in the pumping well. The results are compared to the analysis of cross-borehole flowmeter tests. We show that both methods provide consistent results with a similar level of information on connectivity.
ISSN: 0022-1694

insu-00221380
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00221380
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.07.007

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD University of Uludag
Résumé : International audience
We tested whether the silicone swim caps (SC) worn by young swimmers in a tropical climate negatively influence aerobic performance. Nine trained pre-adolescents [11.8 (± 0.8) years] swam randomized 800-m trials (water: 32.9°C, outdoors: shade, 29.2 ± 0.2 °C, 74 ± 0.3 % rh) with a SC or a nude head (NH). Performance times and heart rate (HR) were monitored continuously. Rectal temperature (T rec) was measured before and after trials. The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was assessed. Stroke frequency (SF), stroke length (SL) and stroke index (SI) were measured every 50-m. The SC trial was significantly longer than NH (799 ± 16 and 781 ± 16 seconds, respectively). Mean delta T rec was significantly greater in SC (0.2 ± 0.1°C vs.-0.1 ± 0.1°C in SC vs. NH), mean SI was significantly different in SC versus NH (1.83 ± 0.07 vs 1.73 ± 0.06); but RPE and mean HR, SF and SL showed no change. We conclude that a silicone swim cap worn in tropical environment significantly decreased 800-m crawl performance without affecting HR or RPE. Silicone swim caps worn by young swimmers in a tropical environment may also have negative effects on training capacity.
ISSN: 1303-2968

hal-01143533
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01143533

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The aim of this study is to suggest an automated technique for distributed decision. It is based on protocol population deployed on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). This approach is able to help medical staff to detect earlier than usual some diseases on patients. It could be easily adapted for many other fields (fire monitoring, environment supervising, ...) In this context, a patient is equipped with health parameter transducers which are connected to a WSN. This WSN will perform some computations and raise an alarm when some diseases are suspected. The algorithm is distributed, i.e., the decision may be done by any mote dealing with the disease detection. The experimentations show promising results.
a venir
Denver, Colorado, United States

hal-00519597
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00519597

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Société nationale de protection de la nature
Résumé : International audience
The island of Moorea in French Polynesia is representative of a relatively well preserved small tropical oceanic island but both its terrestrial and marine ecosystems are currently under strong anthropogenic pressures. The terrestrial ecosystems are facing an increasing urbanization, and the destruction and modification of their natural habitats by cultivation and forestry plantations, accidental or intentional fires, and particularly by the invasion of alien plant and animal species. Coastal areas and reef ecosystems are threatened by shoreline artificialization, sedimentation due to soil erosion, increasing uses of marine and lagoon resources and frequency of coral bleaching events. A significant erosion of terrestrial and marine biodiversity is observed on the island since the last decades. In the context of the Land Management Plan (PGA) and Marine Area Management Plan (PGEM) recently set up in the island by local authorities, scientific surveys and inventories were made in 2006 in order to assess the status of terrestrial biodiversity (vascular plants) and marine biodiversity (reef fishes) and compare areas with different anthropogenic pressures. Studies conducted on the flora and the vegetation at low and middle elevation along altitudinal transects show that the plant invasion process is related to climatic and topographic factors, and species autoecology. The marine study aims to compare the protected areas with control areas in order to test the effectiveness of protection measures and to propose a streamlined monitoring protocol. A methodological study in both terrestrial and marine ecosystems was conducted in order to propose biodiversity indicators which are crucial for decision making in conservation and sustainable development of island biodiversity. We used Geographic Information System (GIS) as a fast and intuitive tool for mapping indicators and their variability. This methodological approach developed on the island of Moorea could be used as a model for other tropical islands
Moorea est une petite île océanique tropicale de la Polynésie française relativement bien préservée, mais dont les écosystèmes terrestres et marins sont actuellement soumis à de fortes pressions anthropiques. Le milieu terrestre est confronté à une urbanisation croissante, à la destruction ou à la modification des habitats naturels pour l’extension des cultures ou des plantations forestières, aux incendies volontaires ou accidentels, et particulièrement à l’invasion d’espèces végétales et animales introduites. Les zones côtières et les récifs coralliens sont menacés par de multiples perturbations telles que l’artificialisation des lignes de rivage, l’apport de sédiments dus à l’érosion des sols, l’augmentation des usages des ressources marines et lagonaires et de la fréquence des phénomènes de blanchissement du corail. Une érosion sensible de la biodiversité terrestre et marine de l’île est observée depuis les dernières décennies. Dans le cadre du Plan Général d’Aménagement (PGA) et du Plan de Gestion de l’Espace Maritime (PGEM) mis en place par les autorités locales, des inventaires scientifiques ont été réalisés en 2006 dans le but d’évaluer l’état de la biodiversité terrestre (plantes vasculaires) et marine (poissons récifaux) et de comparer des zones soumises à différentes perturbations. Les études réalisées sur la flore et la végétation de basse et moyenne altitude le long de transects altitudinaux montrent des processus d’invasion végétale différents en relation avec les facteurs climatiques, topographiques et autoécologiques des espèces. Les études en milieu marin visent à comparer des aires protégées à des aires témoins afin de suivre l’efficacité des mesures de gestion. La réflexion méthodologique menée parallèlement sur les deux écosystèmes a pour but d’illustrer différents indices de biodiversité nécessaires à la prise de décision en matière de conservation ou de développement durable de la biodiversité insulaire et de réaliser un état de référence pour établir un diagnostic sur l’état de la biodiversité. La représentation cartographique des indices à l’aide d’un SIG, illustrée dans cette étude avec la richesse spécifique terrestre et marine, permet une lecture intuitive et rapide de la variabilité de cet indice dont la restitution est basée sur une standardisation du nombre d’espèces. Cette approche méthodologique développée sur l’île de Moorea pourrait servir de modèle pour d’autres îles tropicales
EISSN: 2429-6422

hal-01306285
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01306285

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
With the health of the world’s oceans threatened as never before, it is becoming increasingly apparent that Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) play a vitally important role in protecting marine and coastal habitats. Management of Marine Protected Areas: A Network Perspective draws on the results of a major EU-sponsored research project related to the establishment of networks of MPAs in the Mediterranean and Black Seas that transpired from February 2011 to January 2016. Featuring contributions by leading university- and national research institute-based scientists, chapters utilize the latest research data and developments in marine conservation policy to explore issues related to ways in which networks of MPAs may amplify the effectiveness and conservation benefits of individual areas within them. Topics addressed include the broader socio-economic impacts of MPAs in the Mediterranean and Black Seas; the use of Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) to resolve conflicts between marine resource use and protection; special protection measures under the EU’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD); ecological value assessments in the Black Sea; the Ecosystem Approach (EA) for managing marine ecosystems; MPAs along Turkey’s Black Sea coast; MPAs and offshore wind farms; and managing and monitoring MPA networks within and between the Black and Mediterranean Seas.Timely and important, Management of Marine Protected Areas: A Network Perspective offers invaluable insights into the role of MPAs in preserving the welfare and long-term viability of our world’s oceans.
Management of Marine Protected Areas: A Network Perspective

ISBN : 978-1-119-07577-6
hal-01562040
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01562040

Éditeur(s) : Actes de colloques. Ifremer. Brest [ACTES COLLOQ. IFREMER.]. 1991
Résumé : On the bathyal slope for continental margins, steep and rocky substrates punctuated with cliffs and collapsing zones are frequently found. As survey and sampling with the classical technics from the sea surface is practically impossible in such an environment, in situ exploration with a submersible allows significant advances in ecology, with implications in paleoenvironment reconstruction. Mixing of material from shallow-water and deep-sea origins into bathyal sedimentation suggests that the so-called "fossil assemblages of outer platform" were frequently misinterpreted. Dense populations of animals closely related to fossil groups which were only considered as relict of the Past ("living fossils") and previously interpreted as shallow-water inhabitants during geological times can be discovered living in such bathyal communities. The role of bathyal ecological niches during global bioevents brings a new vision of the history of life in the Ocean through geological time and has to be further investigated. Examples from cruises monitoring the diving saucer Cyana (SP 3000) in the Bay of Biscay and off New Caledonia are given.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1990/acte-1138.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1138/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer
Résumé : International audience
Thiswork examines the relevance of the inclusion of ground-based gravity data in the calibration process of a global rainfall-discharge reservoir model. The analysis is performed for the Durzon karst system (Larzac, France). The first part of the study focuses on the hydrological interpretation of the ground-based gravity measurements. The second part of the study investigates further the information content of the gravity data with respect to water storage dynamics modelling.The gravity-derived information is found unable to either reduce equifinality of the single-objective, dischargebased model calibration process or enhance model performance through assimilation.
ISSN: 1866-6280

hal-00812624
https://hal-brgm.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00812624
DOI : 10.1007/s12665-012-1856-z

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
New inclinometers devoted to hydrological studies were set up in the Vosges Mountains (France). Two orthogonal 100-meter base hydrostatic inclinometers were installed in December 2004 as well as a hydrometeorological monitoring system for the 100-km² hydrological unit around the inclinometer. As inclinometers are very sensitive to environmental influences, this observatory is a test site to confront hydrological modelling and geodetic observations. Physical modelling to remove hydrological effects without calibrating on geodetic data is tested on these instruments. Specifically, two deformation processes are most important: fluid pressure variations in nearby hydraulically active fractures and surface loading at regional scale.
International Association of Geodesy Symposia
Perugia, Italy

hal-00710442
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00710442
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00710442/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00710442/file/2007IUGG_proceedingsIAG.pdf
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-85426-5_63