Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND:Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is a severe hereditary haemoglobinopathy characterised by haemorheological abnormalities, which play a role in the occurrence of several acute and chronic clinical complications. While βS -haplotypes and alpha-thalassaemia modulate SCA clinical severity, their effects on blood rheology have been incompletely described. The aim of this study was to test the effects of these genetic modifiers on the haemorheological properties and clinical complication of children with SCA.PROCEDURE:Steady-state haemorheological profile, biological parameters, βS -haplotypes, alpha-globin status, vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) and acute chest syndrome frequencies were analysed in 128 children (aged 5 to 18 years) with SCA.RESULTS:Patients with alpha-thalassaemia showed increased red blood cell (RBC) deformability and aggregation compared to those without. Median VOC rate was higher in patients with homozygous alpha-thalassaemia compared to those with a normal alpha genotype. Conversely, the haemorheological profile and clinical complications were not influenced by the βS -haplotypes in our study.CONCLUSION:Our results demonstrate that alpha-thalassaemia is associated with higher risk for VOC events in children with SCA, which may be due in part to its effects on RBC deformability and aggregation.
ISSN: 1545-5009

hal-01668317
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01668317
DOI : 10.1002/pbc.26455
PUBMED : 28097791

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
3rd international conference of the european science education research association
Thessaloniki, Greece

hal-01620740
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01620740

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Frontiers
Résumé : International audience
Glufosinate ammonium (GLA) is one of the most widely used herbicides in agriculture. As is the case for most pesticides, potential adverse effects of GLA have not been studied from the perspective of developmental neurotoxicity. Early pesticides exposure may weaken the basic structure of the developing brain and cause permanent changes leading to a wide range of lifelong effects on health and/or behavior. Here, we addressed the developmental impact of GLA by exposing female mice to low dose GLA during both pre- and postnatal periods and analyzed potential developmental and behavioral changes of the offspring during infancy and adulthood. A neurobehavioral test battery revealed significant effects of GLA maternal exposure on early reflex development, pup communication, affiliative behaviors, and preference for social olfactory cues, but emotional reactivity and emotional memory remained unaltered. These behavioral alterations showed a striking resemblance to changes seen in animal models of Autistic Spectrum Disorders. At the brain level, GLA maternal exposure caused some increase in relative brain weight of the offspring. In addition, reduced expression of Pten and Peg3 - two genes implicated in autism-like deficits - was observed in the brain of GLA-exposed pups at postnatal day 15. Our work thus provides new data on the link between pre- and postnatal exposure to the herbicide GLA and the onset of autism-like symptoms later in life. It also raises fundamental concerns about the ability of current safety testing to assess risks of pesticide exposure during critical developmental periods.
ISSN: 1662-5153

hal-01121829
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01121829
PUBMED : 25477793
DOI : 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00390
PUBMEDCENTRAL : PMC4238406

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD John Libbey Eurotext
Résumé : International audience
Prostate cancer is the most frequent cancer affecting men in most Western countries. Certain risk factors have been identified (age, family history, ethnic origin), but the aetiology of this cancer remains largely unknown. However, a role for environmental factors is strongly suspected. Questions have been raised concerning the role of the chemical substances generated by human activities in the occurrence of this disease. Diverse studies have consistently demonstrated a higher risk of prostate cancer in agricultural populations than in the general population. The hypothesis that this higher risk is linked to the use of pesticides has been tested in a number of studies, mostly in North America and Europe. However, to date, with a few possible exceptions, it has been impossible to demonstrate a significant association between exposure to pesticides or a chemical family of pesticides and prostate cancer. In the face of these uncertainties, rigorous studies are required, with objective measurements of exposure, taking into account confounding factors and individual risk factors, making it possible to assess gene-environment interactions.
ISSN: 0007-4551

inserm-00504733
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00504733
DOI : 10.1684/bdc.2008.0812
PUBMED : 19258224

Résumé : L’HTLV-1 est l’agent étiologique de la TSP/HAM et de l’ATL. La TSP/HAM est une méningomyélite chronique d’évolution lente et progressive. La charge provirale HTLV-1 est corrélée à l’évolutivité de la maladie. La protéine virale Tax module la synthèse et la fonction de multiples protéines de la prolifération et de la survie des lymphocytes T infectés. L’expression virale n’est pas toujours détectable in vivo. Une modulation épigénétique par inhibiteurs d’HDAC a été proposée. Des travaux dans le modèle du BLV et in vitro dans l’infection à HTLV-1 ont conforté ce concept et conduit à un essai thérapeutique évaluant le VPA dans le traitement de la TSP/HAM, qui n’a pas montré d’impact sur la charge provirale. Nous nous sommes intéressés à l’effet du VPA sur les lymphocytes T CD4+ en culture, cibles du virus HTLV-1. L’expression du génome viral, surtout la balance entre les protéines Tax et HBZ a été étudiée avec ou sans VPA. Son expression serait corrélée à la charge provirale et à l’évolution de la TSP/HAM. Nous montrons qu’un tiers des cellules CD4+ infectées expriment Tax. Cette proportion augmente sous VPA. La détection de la protéine p19 est augmentée sous VPA. La stimulation par le VPA de la transcription sens du génome viral a été confirmée par quantification des messagers Tax et Gag alors que l’expression d’HBZ se trouve réprimée sous VPA. Les données cinétiques d’expression spontanée d’HBZ montrent l’existence d’un rétrocontrôle négatif exercé par HBZ sur l’expression de Tax et des gènes structuraux. Influer sur l’expression d’HBZ ouvre une voie nouvelle pour le traitement des maladies associées à HTLV-1.
HTLV-1 is the etiological agent of HAM/TSP and ATL. TSP/HAM is a chronic meningomyelitis with a course being slow and progressive. HTLV-1 proviral load correlates with disease progression. Tax protein modulates the synthesis and function of proteins involved in the regulation of infected T-lymphocytes proliferation and survival. Viral expression is not always detectable in vivo. An epigenetic modulation by the use of HDAC inhibitors has been proposed. A study in the BLV model and an in vitro study in a HTLV-1 infection have lead to a therapeutic assay in order to assess VPA in the treatment of HAM/TSP. This assay did not show any impact on the proviral load. We evaluated the impact of VPA treatment on viral genome expression in cultured lymphocytes, especially the balance between Tax and HBZ. A third of provirus-positive CD4+ T cells spontaneously became Tax-positive. The estimation rose up to two-thirds of Tax-positive infected cells when VPA was added. VPA enhanced Gag p19 protein release. VPA treatment enhanced and prolonged Tax mRNA expression, while it blocked HBZ expression. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis of a feed-back loop coordinating Tax and HBZ expression. Modulation of HBZ expression may impact the net outcome of VPA treatment on HTLV-1-infected cell proliferation and survival.

http://www.theses.fr/2011AGUY0403

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag (Germany)
Résumé : International audience
Environmental Science and Pollution Research

hal-01110873
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01110873
DOI : 10.1007/s11356-014-3272-2

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : At present, the forecasting of littoral evolution presents a considerable social stake. Many studies have been achieved to better understand coastal dynamics. Such dynamics are controlled by morphology, sediment supply, hydrodynamics, eustacy... at different time scales. At geological time scale, deposits geometry, controlled by eustacy and subsidence, is succesfully analysed where sediment supply is high. But the littoral zones present important sediment supply variability. In low sediment supply areas, the record of coastal tracts is smaller and harder to interprete. Analyses of about 250 kilometres of new VHR seismic profiles acquired along the languedocian coast (Northern Gulf of Lion, France), tens of short cores and outcrops data allowed us to determine the three-dimensional high-resolution geometry of the coastal tracts from Quaternary to present-day. This highlighted the role of alongshore dynamics in coast where direct sediment supply is low. The concepts of protected lagoon and isolated lagoon were broughted to the fore and the effect of inherited incised valley morphology was discussed. Last, a complementary study by analogue modeling of the channel incision processes controled by eustatic and climatic changes allowed to discuss the role of incised valleys in coastal areas.
Actuellement, la prévision de l'évolution d'un système littoral représente un enjeu social important. De nombreuses études sont réalisées afin de mieux connaitre la dynamique côtière et donc de comprendre les facteurs qui influencent son évolution. Cette dynamique est contrôlée par la morphologie, les apports sédimentaires, l'hydrodynamique, l'eustatisme... qui agissent à des échelles de temps différentes et avec de fortes interactions. A l'échelle géologique, l'architecture des dépôts, contrôlée par l'eustatisme et la subsidence, est parfaitement décrite dans les zones à forts apports sédimentaires. Par contre, dans les zones à faibles apports sédimentaires, l'enregistrement des cortèges côtiers est réduit et est difficile à interpréter. L'analyse de 250 kilomètres de profils sismiques THR sur le littoral languedocien (Nord du Golfe du Lion, France), de carottages et de données de terrain a permis de déterminer la géométrie en trois dimensions des cortèges sédimentaires côtiers depuis le Quaternaire jusqu'à l'actuel. Ces observations montrent l'importance de la dynamique longshore sur les littoraux pauvres en apports sédimentaires directs. De plus, l'étude d'un système lagunaire sur ce littoral met en évidence les concepts de lagunes protégées et lagunes isolées ainsi que l'importance des vallées incisées dans la génèse de ces environnements. Enfin, la modélisation en laboratoire des processus d'incision de chenaux sous contrôle eustatique et climatique permet de discuter le rôle des vallées incisées en milieu côtier.
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00542897

tel-00542897
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00542897
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00542897/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00542897/file/theseraynaldef.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
The etiology of congenital heart defect (CHD) combines environmental and genetic factors. So far, there were studies reporting on the screening of a single gene on unselected CHD or on familial cases selected for specific CHD types. Our goal was to systematically screen a proband of familial cases of CHD on a set of genetic tests to evaluate the prevalence of disease-causing variant identification. A systematic screening of GATA4, NKX2-5, ZIC3 and Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) P311 Kit was setup on the proband of 154 families with at least two cases of non-syndromic CHD. Additionally, ELN screening was performed on families with supravalvular arterial stenosis. Twenty-two variants were found, but segregation analysis confirmed unambiguously the causality of 16 variants: GATA4 (1 x), NKX2-5 (6 x), ZIC3 (3 x), MLPA (2 x) and ELN (4 x). Therefore, this approach was able to identify the causal variant in 10.4% of familial CHD cases. This study demonstrated the existence of a de novo variant even in familial CHD cases and the impact of CHD variants on adult cardiac condition even in the absence of CHD. This study showed that the systematic screening of genetic factors is useful in familial CHD cases with up to 10.4% elucidated cases. When successful, it drastically improved genetic counseling by discovering unaffected variant carriers who are at risk of transmitting their variant and are also exposed to develop cardiac complications during adulthood thus prompting long-term cardiac follow-up. This study provides an important baseline at dawning of the next-generation sequencing era.
ISSN: 1018-4813

hal-01404211
https://hal-univ-bourgogne.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01404211
DOI : 10.1038/ejhg.2015.105
PUBMED : 26014430

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Some of the immunologic mechanisms involved in malaria physiopathology remain unclear. In animals, the spleen seems to play a key role in protecting the host against malaria. However, little is known about the effect of spleen dysfunction on human malaria. We report two severe cases of Plasmodium falciparum infection with unusual clinical and parasitologic features in two splenectomized men living in French Guiana. The peripheral blood of these cases showed hyperparasitemia, with a high proportion of mature parasites and leukocytes with malaria pigment. Despite appropriate treatment and adequate absorption, hyperparasitemia persisted. Parasite clearance was delayed and one patient died. Only the patient who died had the merozoite surface protein 1 allele B-K1 and the varD gene genotype, which is considered to be a probable parasite virulence factor. These uncommon cases differ from most of those described in the literature, illustrating the complexity of the mechanisms underlying the protective function of the spleen in human malaria.
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene

pasteur-00590993
https://hal-riip.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00590993
PUBMED : 15381808

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Dans la Caraïbe, l’emploi de deux langues au statut inégal est courant dans les situations de communication, et de fait, la population est généralement bilingue français/créole. Dans ce contexte diglossique, le présent travail s’est intéressé aux usages et aux effets des langues au cours des pratiques physiques et sportives en Guadeloupe et en Haïti. Le problème soulevé concerne plus particulièrement l’emploi de la langue vernaculaire et de la langue officielle au sein des situations de communication en sport. Quelles sont les adaptations langagières et linguistiques de l’intervenant face aux spécificités des apprenants et des situations de communications rencontrées? Comment les langues sont-elles utilisées par les apprenants au sein des pratiques d’activités physiques et sportives ? Et quels sont les effets de leur utilisation sur les apprentissages moteurs d’enfants bilingues ? Cette étude de type exploratoire et ethnométhodologique s’est appuyée sur la théorie de l’action située (Durand, 1999). Nous avons relevé les pourcentages d’utilisation des langues par les intervenants et les apprenants au cours des pratiques physiques et sportives en Guadeloupe et en Haïti. Puis nous avons passé des entretiens avec des enseignants d’Éducation Physique et Sportive (EPS) et des entraîneurs sportifs en vue de décrire et de comprendre l’usage et les effets des langues dans leurs pratiques. L’ensemble des entretiens a été analysé à l’aide d’une méthode d’analyse du discours (Alin, 1996) et d’un logiciel informatique d’Analyse de Données Textuelles : Alceste (Reinert, 2001). Cette méthode a permis d’extraire de ces entretiens des types d’actes de discours, un vocabulaire spécifique, des structures signifiantes, ainsi que des mondes lexicaux. L’analyse des résultats montre que les pratiques langagières diffèrent en fonction du lieu (Guadeloupe vs Haïti) et du type de pratique (Ecole vs Club). Les enseignants d’EPS rationalisent leurs réponses, tandis que les entraîneurs font part des normes et des principes auxquels ils croient. La langue créole apparaît comme un moyen de communication réel, ponctuel et efficace au cours des pratiques physiques et sportives en Guadeloupe, tandis qu’en Haïti, il constitue le moyen privilégié de communication. Son emploi dépend principalement des caractéristiques des enfants et de la situation. Il permet de résoudre des problèmes de compréhension, de rétablir la discipline, de faire de l’humour, d’augmenter la motivation ou l’attention, d’exprimer des émotions ou des images. Chez les apprenants, le créole apparaît surtout lorsqu’il s’agit d’exprimer ses sentiments et ses émotions. A noter également que certains enfants traduisent en créole à leurs camarades créolophones les consignes données en français. Ainsi, la langue vernaculaire apparaît au côté de la langue officielle dans la relation éducative au cours des pratiques sportives dans la Caraïbe. En outre, les pratiques sportives s’avèrent également constituer un espace dans l’école où le français peut être appris par et avec le corps. En Haïti, plus particulièrement, l’EPS permet à certains enfants d’apprendre et d’entendre le français. En conclusion, cette recherche s’est intéressée à la genèse du sujet bilingue français/créole en situation de diglossie dans la Caraïbe, à travers ses pratiques sportives et ses expériences langagières. Elle vise à repérer les conditions sociolinguistiques favorables à l’apprentissage d’habiletés motrices afin de proposer des pistes de réflexion concernant l’enseignement de l’éducation physique et sportive en milieu diglossique. Elle propose également de concevoir l’EPS comme un espace particulier dans l’école où l’appropriation de la langue française peut s’effectuer avec et par le corps.
Colloque international du CNRS UMR 7114, intitulé « Appropriation du français et construction de connaissances en situation diglossique », Université Paris X – Nanterre
Paris, France

hal-01613691
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01613691

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD IOS Press
Résumé : International audience
Recent work has used graphs to modelize expression data from microarray experiments, in view of partitioning the genes into clusters. In this paper, we introduce the use of a decomposition by clique separators. Our aim is to improve the classical clustering methods in two ways: first we want to allow an overlap between clusters, as this seems biologically sound, and second we want to be guided by the structure of the graph to define the number of clusters. We test this approach with a well-known yeast database (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Our results are good, as the expression profiles of the clusters we find are very coherent. Moreover, we are able to organize into another graph the clusters we find, and order them in a fashion which turns out to respect the chronological order defined by the the sporulation process.
ISSN: 1386-6338

hal-00521936
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00521936

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Physiological Society
Résumé : International audience
Interleukin (IL)-33 is crucially involved in liver pathology and drives hepatoprotective functions. However, the regulation of IL-33 by cytokines of the IL-6 family, including oncostatin M (OSM) and IL-6, is not well studied. The aim of the present study was to determine whether OSM mediates regulation of IL-33 expression in liver cells. Intramuscular administration in mice of an adenovirus encoding OSM (AdOSM) leads to increase in expression of OSM in muscles, liver, and serum of AdOSM-infected mice compared with control mice. The increase of circulating OSM markedly regulated mRNA of genes associated with blood vessel biology, chemotaxis, cellular death, induction of cell adhesion molecules, and the alarmin cytokine IL-33 in liver. Steady-state IL-33 mRNA was upregulated by OSM at an early phase (8 h) following AdOSM infection. At the protein level, the expression of IL-33 was significantly induced in liver endothelial cells [liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) and vascular endothelial cells] with a peak at 8 days post-AdOSM infection in mice. In addition, we found OSM-stimulated human microvascular endothelial HMEC-1 cells and human LSEC/TRP3 cells showed a significant increase in expression of IL-33 mRNA in a dose-dependent manner in cell culture. The OSM-mediated overexpression of IL-33 was associated with the activation/enrichment of CD4(+)ST2(+) cells in liver of AdOSM-infected mice compared with adenovirus encoding green fluorescent protein-treated control mice. In summary, these data suggest that the cytokine OSM regulates the IL-33 expression in liver endothelial cells in vivo and in HMEC-1/TRP3 cells in vitro and may specifically expand the target CD4(+)ST2(+) cells in liver
ISSN: 0193-1857

hal-01220632
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01220632
DOI : 10.1152/ajpgi.00398.2014
PUBMED : 26251474

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Seventy percent of breast tumors express the estrogen receptor (ER), which is generally considered to predict a better outcome relative to ER-negative tumors, as they often respond to antiestrogen therapies. During cancer progression, mammary tumors can escape from estrogen control, resulting in the acquisition of invasive properties and resistance to treatment. ER expression is a dynamic phenomenon and is finely regulated at numerous levels, including the gene, mRNA, and protein levels. As a consequence, many molecular mechanisms have been implicated in modulating ER activity and estrogen signaling in mammary cancer. In fact, one-third of ER-positive breast cancer cells do not respond to first-line endocrine therapies, and a large subset of relapsing tumors retain ER expression. Increased knowledge of these mechanisms has led to the development of better prognostic methods and targeted therapies for patients; however, additional research is still needed to improve patient survival. In this chapter, we focus on the signaling pathways leading to changes in or loss of ER activity in breast cancer progression.
ISSN: 0083-6729

hal-00874313
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00874313
DOI : 10.1016/B978-0-12-416673-8.00004-6
PUBMED : 23810005

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD SAGE Publications (UK and US)
Résumé : International audience
Enamel and enameloid, the highly mineralized tooth-covering tissues in living vertebrates, are different in their matrix composition. Enamel, a unique product of ameloblasts, principally contains enamel matrix proteins (EMPs), while enameloid possesses collagen fibrils and probably receives contributions from both odontoblasts and ameloblasts. Here we focused on type I collagen (COL1A1) and amelogenin (AMEL) gene expression during enameloid and enamel formation throughout ontogeny in the caudate amphibian, Pleurodeles waltl. In this model, pre-metamorphic teeth possess enameloid and enamel, while post-metamorphic teeth possess enamel only. In first-generation teeth, qPCR and in situ hybridization (ISH) on sections revealed that ameloblasts weakly expressed AMEL during late-stage enameloid formation, while expression strongly increased during enamel deposition. Using ISH, we identified COL1A1 transcripts in ameloblasts and odontoblasts during enameloid formation. COL1A1 expression in ameloblasts gradually decreased and was no longer detected after metamorphosis. The transition from enameloid-rich to enamel-rich teeth could be related to a switch in ameloblast activity from COL1A1 to AMEL synthesis. P. waltl therefore appears to be an appropriate animal model for the study of the processes involved during enameloid-to-enamel transition, especially because similar events probably occurred in various lineages during vertebrate evolution.
ISSN: 0022-0345

hal-01545475
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01545475
DOI : 10.1177/0022034514526236

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
TIF1γ (Transcriptional Intermediary Factor 1 γ) has been implicated in Smad-dependent signaling by Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-β). Paradoxically, TIF1γ functions both as a transcriptional repressor or as an alternative transcription factor that promotes TGF-β signaling. Using ordinary differential-equation models, we have investigated the effect of TIF1γ on the dynamics of TGF-β signaling. An integrative model that includes the formation of transient TIF1γ-Smad2-Smad4 ternary complexes is the only one that can account for TGF-β signaling compatible with the different observations reported for TIF1γ. In addition, our model predicts that varying TIF1γ/Smad4 ratios play a critical role in the modulation of the transcriptional signal induced by TGF-β, especially for short stimulation times that mediate higher threshold responses. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses and quantification of the expression of TGF-β target genes as a function TIF1γ/Smad4 ratios fully validate this hypothesis. Our integrative model, which successfully unifies the seemingly opposite roles of TIF1γ, also reveals how changing TIF1γ/Smad4 ratios affect the cellular response to stimulation by TGF-β, accounting for a highly graded determination of cell fate.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-00851483
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00851483
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00851483/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00851483/file/pone.0033761.pdf
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0033761

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : 21st International Colloquium on Animal Cytogenetics and Gene Mapping (ICACGM), Naples, ITALY, JUN 07-10, 2014
International audience
o abstract
ISSN: 0967-3849

hal-01544907
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01544907

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé :  
Wild cocoa populations originating from the Oyapok and Tanpok basins in French Guiana were studied for their technological characters (bean count, fat content, purine content) and sensory characters (overall aroma intensity, cocoa flavour, acidity, bitterness, astringency, fruity or floral tastes, aftertaste, etc.), along with three controls (Amelonado and Ecuadorian varieties). The bean count in Guianan cocoa was higher than that of the controls, but it generally remained acceptable (below 100). Caffeine content was much higher than that of the Amelonado control. The overall aroma intensity and cocoa flavour of the chocolates made with the dry cocoa beans from Guianan trees were statistically superior to those of the industrial reference, the West African Amelonado. The other criteria studied, particularly the fat content, did not reveal any significant differences from the controls.
ISSN: 0925-9864

hal-01032174
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032174
DOI : 10.1007/s10722-003-6117-2

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD MDPI
Résumé : International audience
Intestinal absorption and brain permeation constitute key parameters of toxicokinetics for pesticides, conditioning their toxicity, including neurotoxicity. However, they remain poorly characterized in humans. The present study was therefore designed to evaluate human intestine and brain permeation for a large set of pesticides (n = 338) belonging to various chemical classes, using an in silico graphical BOILED-Egg/SwissADME online method based on lipophilicity and polarity that was initially developed for drugs. A high percentage of the pesticides (81.4%) was predicted to exhibit high intestinal absorption, with a high accuracy (96%), whereas a lower, but substantial, percentage (38.5%) displayed brain permeation. Among the pesticide classes, organochlorines (n = 30) constitute the class with the lowest percentage of intestine-permeant members (40%), whereas that of the organophosphorus compounds (n = 99) has the lowest percentage of brain-permeant chemicals (9%). The predictions of the permeations for the pesticides were additionally shown to be significantly associated with various molecular descriptors well-known to discriminate between permeant and non-permeant drugs. Overall, our in silico data suggest that human exposure to pesticides through the oral way is likely to result in an intake of these dietary contaminants for most of them and brain permeation for some of them, thus supporting the idea that they have toxic effects on human health, including neurotoxic effects.
ISSN: 1660-4601

hal-01560242
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01560242
PUBMED : 28665355
DOI : 10.3390/ijerph14070708

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Xenoestrogens may persist in the environment by binding to sediments or suspended particulate matter serving as long-term reservoir and source of exposure, particularly for organisms living in or in contact with sediments. In this study, we present for the first time an effect-directed analysis (EDA) for identifying estrogenic compounds in a sediment sample using embryos of a transgenic reporter fish strain. In the tg(cyp19a1b-GFP) transgenic zebrafish strain, the expression of GFP (green fluorescent protein) in the brain is driven by an oestrogen responsive element in the promoter of the cyp19a1b (aromatase) gene. The selected sediment sample of the Czech river Bilina had already been analysed in a previous EDA using the yeast oestrogen screening assay and had revealed fractions containing estrogenic compounds. When normal phase HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) fractionation was used for the separation of the sediment sample, the biotest with transgenic fish embryos revealed two estrogenic fractions. Chemical analysis of candidate compounds in these sediment fractions suggested alkylphenols and estrone as candidate compounds responsible for the observed estrogenic effect. Alkylphenol concentrations could partially explain the estrogenicity of the fractions. However, xenoestrogens below the analytical detection limit or non-targeted estrogenic compounds have probably also contributed to the sample's estrogenic potency. The results indicated the suitability of the tg(cyp19a1b-GFP) fish embryo for an integrated chemical-biological analysis of estrogenic effects.
ISSN: 0166-445X

hal-01072210
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01072210
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01072210/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01072210/file/Effect-directed_analysis_for_estrogenic_compounds-final.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.05.016

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD MDPI
Résumé : International audience
AbstractThis review provides a global overview of microporous silica based membranes for desalination via pervaporation with a focus on membrane synthesis and processing, transport mechanisms and current state of the art membrane performance. Most importantly, the recent development and novel concepts for improving the hydro-stability and separating performance of silica membranes for desalination are critically examined. Research into silica based membranes for desalination has focussed on three primary methods for improving the hydro-stability. These include incorporating carbon templates into the microporous silica both as surfactants and hybrid organic-inorganic structures and incorporation of metal oxide nanoparticles into the silica matrix. The literature examined identified that only metal oxide silica membranes have demonstrated high salt rejections under a variety of feed concentrations, reasonable fluxes and unaltered performance over long-term operation. As this is an embryonic field of research several target areas for researchers were discussed including further improvement of the membrane materials, but also regarding the necessity of integrating waste or solar heat sources into the final process design to ensure cost competitiveness with conventional reverse osmosis processes. © 2012 by the authors.
ISSN: 2073-4441

hal-01683200
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01683200
DOI : 10.3390/w4030629