Grow-out of sandfish Holothuria scabra in ponds shows that co-culture with shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris is not viable Auteur(s) : Bell, J Agudo, N Purcell, S Blazer, P Simutoga, M Pham, Dominique Della Patrona, Luc Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Résumé : We examined the potential for producing the large numbers of sandfish (Holothuria scabra) needed for restocking programmes by co-culturing juveniles with the shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris in earthen ponds. Our experiments in hapas within shrimp ponds were designed to detect any deleterious effects of sandfish on shrimp, and vice versa. These experiments showed that a high stocking density of juvenile sandfish had no significant effects on growth and survival of shrimp. However, survival and growth of sandfish reared with shrimp for 3 weeks were significantly lower than for sandfish reared alone. Increased stocking density of shrimp also had a significant negative effect on survival and/or growth of sandfish. A grow-out trial of juvenile sandfish in 0.2-ha earthen ponds stocked with 20 shrimp post-larvae m(-2), and densities of sandfish between 0.8 and 1.6 individuals m(-2), confirmed that co-culture is not viable. All sandfish reared in co-culture were dead or moribund after a month. However, sandfish stocked alone into 0.2-ha earthen ponds survived well and grew to mean weights of similar to 400 g within 12 months without addition of food. The grow-out trial demonstrated that there is potential for profitable pond farming of sandfish in monoculture. Further research is now needed to identify the optimal size of juveniles, stocking densities and pond management regimes. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Aquaculture (0044-8486) (Elsevier), 2007-12 , Vol. 273 , N. 4 , P. 509-519 Droits : 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/publication-3590.pdf DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.07.015 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/3590/ | Partager |
Ar-Ar ages, Sr-Nd isotope geochemistry, and implications for the origin of the silicate rocks of the Jacupiranga ultramafic-alkaline complex (Brazil) Auteur(s) : Chmyz, Luanna ARNAUD, Nicolas Biondi, Joao carlos Azzone, Rogerio guitarrari BOSCH, Delphine Ruberti, Excelso Auteurs secondaires : Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curutiba Géosciences Montpellier ; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Université de Montpellier (UM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Dynamique de la Lithosphere ; Géosciences Montpellier ; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Université de Montpellier (UM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Université de Montpellier (UM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Universidade de São Paulo (USP) Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Résumé : International audience The Jacupiranga Complex is one of several Meso-Cenozoic alkaline intrusive complexes along the margins of the intracratonic Paraná Basin in southern Brazil. The complex encompasses a wide range of rock-types, including dunites, wehrlites, clinopyroxenites, melteigites-ijolites, feldspar-bearing rocks (diorites, syenites, and monzonites), lamprophyres and apatite-rich carbonatites. While carbonatites have been extensively investigated over the last decades, little attention has been paid to the silicate rocks. This study presents new geochonological and geochemical data on the Jacupiranga Complex, with particular emphasis on the silicate lithotypes. 40Ar/39Ar ages for different lithotypes range from 133.7 ± 0.5 Ma to 131.4 ± 0.5 Ma, while monzonite zircon analyzed by SHRIMP yields a U-Pb concordia age of 134.9 ± 1.3 Ma. These ages indicate a narrow time frame for the Jacupiranga Complex emplacement, contemporaneous with the Paraná Magmatic Province. Most of the Jacupiranga rocks are SiO2-undersaturated, except for a quartz-normative monzonite. Based on geochemical compositions, the Jacupiranga silicate lithotypes may be separated into two magma-evolution trends: (1) a strongly silica-undersaturated series, comprising part of the clinopyroxenites and the ijolitic rocks, probably related to nephelinite melts and (2) a mildly silica-undersaturated series, related to basanite parental magmas and comprising the feldspar-bearing rocks, phonolites, lamprophyres, and part of the clinopyroxenites. Dunites and wehrlites are characterized by olivine compositionally restricted to the Fo83-84 interval and concentrations of CaO (0.13–0.54 wt%) and NiO (0.19–0.33 wt%) consistent with derivation by fractional crystallization, although it is not clear whether these rocks belong to the nephelinite or basanite series. Lamprophyre dikes within the complex are considered as good representatives of the basanite parental magma. Compositions of calculated melts in equilibrium with diopside cores from clinopyroxenites are quite similar to those of the lamprophyres, suggesting that at least a part of the clinopyroxenites is related to the basanite series. Some feldspar-bearing rocks (i.e. meladiorite and monzonite) show petrographic features and geochemical and isotope compositions indicative of crustal assimilation, although this may be relegated to a local process. Relatively high CaO/Al2O3 and La/Zr and low Ti/Eu ratios from the lamprophyres and calculated melts in equilibrium with cumulus clinopyroxene point to a lithospheric mantle metasomatized by CO2-rich fluids, suggesting vein-plus-wall-rock melting mechanisms. The chemical differences among those liquids are thought to reflect both variable contributions of melting resulting from veins and variable clinopyroxene/garnet proportions of the source. ISSN: 0895-9811 hal-01583547 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01583547 DOI : 10.1016/j.jsames.2017.05.009 | Partager |
Late Ediacaran geological evolution (575-555 Ma) of the Djanet Terrane, Eastern Hoggar, Algeria, evidence for a Murzukian intracontinental episode Auteur(s) : Fezaa, Nassima Liegeois, Jean-Paul Abdallah, Nachida Cherfouh, El Hadi De Waele, Bert Bruguier, Olivier Ouabadi, Aziouz Auteurs secondaires : Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene [Alger] (USTHB) Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren ; Université du Québec SRK Consulting, West Perth ; Université du Québec Géosciences Montpellier ; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Université de Montpellier (UM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Résumé : International audience The Eastern Hoggar is by far the least well known part of the Tuareg Shield. It is composed, from west to east, of the Aouzegueur, Edembo and Djanet Terranes. The Djanet Terrane is the easternmost Hoggar terrane and comprises a greenschist-facies clastic sedimentary sequence, the Djanet Group, intruded by granitoids. Laser ablation (LA-) ICP-MS U-Pb zircon ages of detrital zircons from these sediments yield a large range of ages similar to ages known in Central and Western Hoggar; the youngest is 590 +/- 10 Ma (2 sigma), which is the maximum age of deposition of the Djanet Croup. The Djanet Group is intruded by the Djanet Batholith (571 +/- 16 Ma), by high-level subcircular plutons such as the Tin Bedjane Pluton (568 +/- 5 Ma) and finally by the felsic Tin Amali Dyke Swarm (558 +/- 5 Ma), all ages being SHRIMP U-Pb zircon. The deposition and metamorphism of the Djanet Group thus occurred between 590 Ma (the age of the youngest detrital zircons analyzed in the Djanet Group) and c. 570 Ma (the age of intrusive granitoids). Nd T-DM two-stage model ages (1.30-2.03 Ga), initial Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios (0.7035-0.7095) and epsilon(Nd) (-3 to -11) of the three intrusive suites, all being high-K calc-alkaline in composition, indicate mainly an old, Rb-depleted continental source. Migmatization in the adjacent Edembo Terrane is dated at 568 +/- 4 Ma (U-Pb zircon SHRIMP age), contemporaneous with the intrusion of the Djanet plutons. Rocks and events in the Edembo and Djanet Terranes are all intracontinental. We propose that the Djanet Terrane lies on the boundary of a craton located to the north-east, that we defined here as the Murzuq craton. The existence of the Murzuq craton is supported by sedimentary and geophysical data. We suggest that the deformation of Eastern Hoggar occurred 575-555 Ma, due to the indentation of the Murzuq craton and has no link with the older convergence with the West African craton as was the case for the central and western parts of the Tuareg Shield. This determines a late Ediacaran intracontinental Murzukian event that probably also occurred to the east in the Tibesti area. ISSN: 0301-9268 hal-00512833 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00512833 DOI : 10.1016/j.precamres.2010.05.011 | Partager |
Nutrient and microbial dynamics in eutrophying shrimp ponds affected or unaffected by vibriosis Auteur(s) : Lemonnier, Hugues Courties, Claude Mugnier, Chantal Torreton, Jean-pascal Herbland, Alain Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Résumé : A field survey was conducted on two intensive shrimp farms using similar technical practices: one (DF) historically affected by a vibriosis, the other (HC) in which the pathogen has been observed although no mortality event has occurred. Because historical data suggest that eutrophication process may directly or indirectly play a role in the disease outbreak, we focussed our research on its dynamics. A higher variability of the phytoplanktonic compartment linked to an imbalance in the molar N:P ratio was observed in farm DF compared to farm HC, implying a modification on the linkage between the bacteria and phytoplankton compartments at DF. The beginning of the mortality outbreak at DF followed a shift from picoto nanophytoplankton. The organic matter mineralization process at the water-sediment interface may explain the disturbance observed in the water column during eutrophication. The consequences of this disturbance on shrimps' health status and pathogen ecology are discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Marine Pollution Bulletin (0025-326X) (Elsevier), 2010-03 , Vol. 60 , N. 3 , P. 402-411 Droits : 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00002/11368/8119.pdf DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.10.012 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00002/11368/ | Partager |
Shrimp farming sustainability in the Mekong delta Environmental and technical approaches Auteur(s) : Populus, Jacques Martin, Jean-louis Tac An, Nguyen Éditeur(s) : Workshop held in Travinh (Vietnam), 5-8 March 2002 Résumé : The economie performance of shrimp rearing is govemed by three types of factors a) the environmental conditions prevailing around the farms, b) farmers' zootechnical practise and know how, c) economie management. The Gambas project aims at identifying the relative role played by these parameters in the success or failure of small-scale shrimp farming enterprises of the Mekong delta in Vietnam. It is being conducted by French and Vietnamese partners under the co-leadership of Ifremer and the Nha Trang Institute of Oceanography. Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00083/19387/16981.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00083/19387/ | Partager |
Detection of shrimp pathogen Vibrio nigripulchritudo in sediments of a New-Caledonian grow-out pond during a drying period Auteur(s) : Charme, Marion Ansquer, Dominique Vourey, Elodie Walling, Emilie Beliaeff, Benoit Labreuche, Yannick Éditeur(s) : PSIC 11 - 11th Pacific Science Inter-Congress : Pacific Countries and their Ocean: Facing Local and Global Changes / 2nd Symposium on French Research in the Pacific. March 2 - 6, 2009 Tahiti, French Polynesia. Résumé : Experimental infections together with epidemiological studies have shown that pathogenic and non‐pathogenic isolates of V. nigripulchritudo co‐existed in shrimp farm environment (2, 3). Moreover, obtained results also demonstrated that the “summer syndrome”was caused by a single, possibly emerging, cluster of virulent strains. Consequently, it was hypothesized that pathogenic strains of V. nigripulchritudo may persist from one year to the next in the shrimp farm environment and re‐develop inside the grow‐out system at the following rearing cycle (3). This study was therefore aimed at determining whether V. nigripulchritudo isolates may survive, or not, in a shrimp pond bottom soil during a 18‐week drying period. To this end, V.nigripulchritudo mapping was performed with recently developed molecular tools and classical culture‐dependent techniques. Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00197/30874/29242.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00197/30874/ | Partager |
Foraminiferal assemblages: tools for assessment of shrimp pond conditions Auteur(s) : Debenay, Jean-pierre Della Patrona, Luc Herbland, Alain Goguenheim, Hemitti Peignon, Jean-marie Éditeur(s) : PSIC 11 - 11th Pacific Science Inter-Congress : Pacific Countries and their Ocean: Facing Local and Global Changes / 2nd Symposium on French Research in the Pacific. March 2 - 6, 2009 Tahiti, French Polynesia. Résumé : Meiofauna is a functional group made of small benthic metazoans 45 to 500µm in size. Although protista, foraminifera living in this kind of environment are often put in to the meiofauna. Meiofauna has been studied in New Caledonia for its double role as biological indicator for monitoring pond health status and as shrimp forage. Suitability of EOM (easily oxidized material), SOD(sediment oxygen demand),as new biochemical tools for monitoring shrimp pond health was assessed in an environmental survey aiming to assess the role of the water/sediment interface in the occurrence of the summer syndrome vibriosis. EOM, SOD and redox were correlated with shrimp survivals. Lowest meiofauna biomass and abundance were concomitantly found in the most polluted station. Proportion of abnormal tests over exceeding the one found in areas subjected to natural ecological stress were collected and were positively related to EOM and SOD and negatively to redox. Shrimp pond dominant species are common to estuaries and lagoons. But foraminifera abnormal behaviour indicates specific shrimp pond conditions Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00198/30876/29244.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00198/30876/ | Partager |
Rapid and sensitive PCR detection of Vibrio penaeicida, the putative etiological agent of syndrome 93 in New Caledonia Auteur(s) : Saulnier, Denis Avarre, Jean-christophe Le Moullac, Gilles Ansquer, Dominique Levy, Peva Vonau, Vincent Éditeur(s) : Inter-Research Résumé : Experimental infections of Penaeus (Litopenaeus) stylirostris were performed with a Vibrio penaeicida strain (AM101) isolated in New Caledonia from Syndrome 93 diseased shrimp. Cumulative mortalities resulting from intramuscular injection or immersion of shrimp in bacterial suspensions demonstrated high virulence for this bacterial strain and suggested that V. penaeicida could be the etiological agent of Syndrome 93. The median lethal dose (LD50) for AM101 was 1.3 x 104 CFU (colony forming units) ml-1 by immersion and less than 5 CFU shrimp-1 by intramuscular challenge, with mortality outbreaks at 48 and 22 h after challenge, respectively. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection assay using a primer set designed from the 16S ribosomal RNA gene of V. penaeicida was developed. It gave an expected amplicon of approximately 310 bp in ethidium bromide-stained agarose gels. The specificity of these primers was assessed with different Vibrio species. Furthermore, DNA extracted by the ChelexTM method could be used to detect fewer than 20 cultured Vibrio cells in seawater or shrimp hemolymph by this assay. It appears to be a reliable screening method for detecting V. penaeicida in shrimp and from the aquatic environment. Diseases of aquatic organisms (0177-5103) (Inter-Research), 2000-03 , Vol. 49 , N. 2 , P. 109-115 Droits : Inter-Research 2000 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2000/publication-4436.pdf DOI:10.3354/dao040109 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4436/ | Partager |
Pathogenicity of Vibrio penaeicida or white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: a cysteine protease-like exotoxin as a virulence factor Auteur(s) : Aguirre Guzman, G Ascencio, F Saulnier, Denis Éditeur(s) : Inter-Research Résumé : The pathogenicity of Vibrio penaeicida Strains KH-1 and AM101, their culture-free supernatant (CFS), and their protein fraction obtained by 40% of ammonium sulfate precipitation (PFs40) were assessed in experimental challenges against juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. Live Vibrio cells, CFS, and PFs40 from the AM101 strain produced a significantly higher mortality (p < 0.05) compared to the KH-1 strain. Toxicity and median lethal doses (LD50) of Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC) products were evaluated on L. vannamei. The first FPLC fraction sample (A) from PFs40 of the AM101 strain displayed LD50 values of 1.68 and 5.61 mu g protein ind.(-1), respectively. The second FPLC process from Fraction A showed a peak (A1) also with toxic effects to shrimp. PFs40, Fraction A, and Peak At showed a 38.5 kDa molecular band (SDS-PAGE), with activity on a gelatin protease zymogram. The lethal effect of PFs40 and Fraction A was inhibited by Proteinase K, CuCl2, E-64, and heat (60 and 100 degrees C) treatments, but was not inhibited by EDTA-Na-2, aprotinin, and soy trypsin treatments. These results and the zymogram inhibition test suggest the presence of a cysteine protease-like proteinaceous exotoxin as a dominant protease, secreted by V. penaeicida Strain AM101. Diseases of aquatic organisms (0177-5103) (Inter-Research), 2005-11 , Vol. 67 , N. 3 , P. 201-207 Droits : Inter-Research 2005 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2005/publication-3618.pdf DOI:10.3354/dao067201 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/3618/ | Partager |
Physiological response of the blue shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris to short-term confinement on a pond bottom Auteur(s) : Mugnier, Chantal Lemonnier, Hugues Legrand, Alexandre Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Résumé : The blue shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris was exposed to pond sediment for 48 h and its physiological response was studied in relation to molt stage. Shrimp were maintained in cages within a semi-intensive pond after 4 months of rearing. Hypoosmoregulatory capacity (hypo-OC), magnesium ions (Mg ions), glucose, total proteins and oxyhaemocyanin were assayed in haemolymph. An increase of 370% to 500% in Mg ions concentration and 200% to 266% in glucose concentration, and a decrease in hypo-OC in shrimp maintained close to the centre of the pond indicated a short-term stress response in all molt stages. Indicators of water and sediment pore water quality were within normal operating limits, however this area was characterized by high water content and relatively high total ammonia nitrogen in pore water of sediment. To a lesser extent, shrimp maintained in two other stations also presented a stress response. Physiological response of shrimp in molt stage D, compared to C/D-0 and D-2 seems to indicate that shrimp were more sensitive to environment at this stage. The use and choice of physiological parameters to detect shrimp stress in a pond are discussed. Aquaculture (0044-8486) (Elsevier), 2006-03 , Vol. 253 , N. 1-4 , P. 703-711 Droits : 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-1675.pdf DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.09.008 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1675/ | Partager Voir aussi Stress Pond bottom Penaeid shrimp Molt stage Haemolymph constituents Litopenaeus stylirostris Télécharger |
Probiotic effect of FLOC on Vibrios in the pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus Vannamei Auteur(s) : Aguilera-rivera, Diana Prieto-davo, Alejandra Escalante, Karla Chavez, Cristina Cuzon, Gerard Gaxiola, Gabriela Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Science Bv Résumé : The advantages of FLOC over clear water (CW) in rearing juvenile L. vannamei and its effects on Vibrio communities were evaluated. Survival rate in FLOC and clear water were recorded and a probiotic was tested under both conditions. Daily growth rate (DGR) was higher in FLOC (p < 0.05) than in CW. Survival in each system increased significantly when a probiotic was included in the diet (p < 0.05). The Vibrionaceae community from the hepatopancreas (HP) and the culture medium did not differ between the two culture media. Nevertheless, a novel group of Vibrio strains was found to be unique to FLOC. No high level of lesions was observed in shrimp tissues from the FLOC + probiotic treatment; it suggests that the probiotic contributed to homeostasis and prevented outbreak of opportunistic pathogenic species. Aquaculture (0044-8486) (Elsevier Science Bv), 2014-03 , Vol. 424 , P. 215-219 Droits : 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00173/28379/26694.pdf DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.01.008 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00173/28379/ | Partager |
Effect of dietary probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici on antioxidant defences and oxidative stress status of shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris Auteur(s) : Castex, Mathieu Lemaire, Pierrette Wabete, Nelly Chim, Liet Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Résumé : in this study we evaluated the effects of the probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici MA18/5M on shrimp, Litopenaeus stylirostris (also called Penaeus stylirostris), first on antioxidant defences and secondly on the oxidative stress status in the shrimps' haemolymph and digestive gland. We conducted two experiments with the same protocol in which shrimps were fed two diets for three weeks: a control diet and a probiotic diet containing 1 g of live P. acidilactici MA18/5M kg(-1). In the first experiment, the shrimps were found to be healthy over the trial period; no mortalities and non-detectable signs of infection were recorded. These resulted in high final survival rates (above 90% in both treatments). On the other hand, during the second trial, carried out at a period of increased risk for an outbreak of the summer syndrome, higher mortalities were recorded, associated with high V. nigripulchritudo prevalence and loads in the shrimp haemolymph. In healthy shrimps (trial 1), no detectable response of the antioxidant defence system and of oxidative stress bio-indicators were observed. However, feeding the probiotic significantly increased the total antioxidant status (TAS) and glutathione peroxidase activity, while all other parameters remained significantly unchanged. In the shrimps exposed to V nigripulchritudo (trial 2), the antioxidant response was characterized by higher antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and higher oxidative stress level in the digestive gland (higher oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio, higher malonclialdehyde and carbonyl protein contents) compared to levels found in trial 1. However, shrimps fed the probiotic diet exhibited (i) significantly higher final survival rates (67 +/- 3%) compared to the control (47 +/- 4%) and (ii) a lower prevalence of V nigripulchritudo throughout the trial. Moreover, the antioxidant response and the oxidative stress level recorded in the digestive gland with shrimps submitted to the probiotic diet were lower. In the light of these results, we confirm that P acidilactici enrichment in shrimps' diet seems an effective way of reducing the susceptibility of shrimps to bacterial pathogens. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Aquaculture (0044-8486) (Elsevier), 2009-09 , Vol. 294 , N. 3-4 , P. 306-313 Droits : 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-6780.pdf DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.06.016 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6780/ | Partager |
Hydraulic preferences of shrimps and fishes in tropical insular rivers Auteur(s) : Grandgirard, Virginie Monti, Dominique Valade, P. Lamouroux, N. Mallet, J.P. Grondin, H. Auteurs secondaires : Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY) ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) Dynamique des écosystèmes Caraïbe et biologie des espèces associées (DYNECAR EA 926) ; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) aucun ; Organisme Consultant en Environnement Aquatique aucun ; A.R.D.A Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley Résumé : Hydraulic habitat models based on the preferences of species for the hydraulic characteristics of their microhabitats are frequently used to evaluate the impact on the habitat of a change in river flow regime. Their application in a tropical insular environment is still limited as little is known about the hydraulic preferences of species. Hydraulic preference models have been developed for 15 taxa (diadromous shrimps and fishes) sampled in 52 rivers in the Caribbean (the French West Indies) and the Indian Ocean (the Reunion island). Five datasets were used and group 8353 samples collected by electrofishing during 320 surveys (reach date) performed between 1999 and 2011. Generalized additive models were used to link variations of taxa density within surveys to the hydraulic characteristics of the microhabitat (velocity, depth and substrate). Hydraulic preferences within each region (Caribbean and Indian Ocean) are significant for most of the taxa and vary little between rivers and surveys. The hydraulic variables explain up to 18.1% (univariate models) and 30.0% (multivariate models) of the deviance of densities within survey. Of the taxa selected, Atya scabra, Macrobrachium heterochirus, Xiphocaris elongata and the Sicydiinae are the most demanding. ISSN: 1535-1459 hal-01072479 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01072479 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01072479/document https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01072479/file/ly2014-pub00038946.pdf DOI : 10.1002/rra.2675 | Partager |
Biological, physiological, immunological and nutritional assessment of farm-reared Litopenaeus stylirostris shrimp affected or unaffected by vibriosis Auteur(s) : Mugnier, Chantal Justou, Carole Lemonnier, Hugues Patrois, Jacques Ansquer, Dominique Goarant, Cyrille Le Coz, Jean-rene Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Science Bv Résumé : Shrimp aquaculture in New Caledonia is subject to seasonal mortalities during grow-out due to highly virulent Vibrio nigripulchritudo (Vn). To understand the mechanisms affecting shrimp resistance and leading to significant mortality, a shrimp ecophysiology and immunology survey was conducted on two farms, the first considered as a "control" farm (HC), the second affected by the disease (DF). Mortality observed during the survey at DF started 50 days after stocking and was typical of this disease. The main observations regarding shrimp were: (a) growth was not affected by the disease and was faster in the DF than in the HC pond; (b) disease did not affect one sex more than the other, or a specific part of the population in terms of weight; (c) the physical condition of shrimp did not specifically allow us to foresee disease outbreak; (d) shrimp at late premolt stage D-2 and early postmolt stage A appeared to be at some points of the mortalities - but not continuously - the most sensitive to disease; (e) physiological, immunological and nutritional parameters of uninfected shrimp in the DF pond were altered, suggesting that environmental stress occurred just before the first mortalities; (f) data suggest that Vn-infected shrimp are more stressed than the presumed healthy shrimp. Combined with pathological and environmental knowledge gained in parallel during this survey, a conceptual model is proposed. Results suggest that an unstable environment induced conditions (i) stressful for the shrimp, increasing their susceptibility to bacterial infections and (ii) favoring the proliferation of the pathogen in the pond. The combination of these two processes could lead to significant mortality. Aquaculture (0044-8486) (Elsevier Science Bv), 2013-04 , Vol. 388 , P. 105-114 Droits : 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00176/28764/27567.pdf DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.01.010 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00176/28764/ | Partager |
Analyse socio-économique de l'exploitation des crevettes en Guyane française Auteur(s) : Gilly, Bernard Cochet, Y Résumé : Shrimp fisheries in French Guyana suffer from the influence of exogenous pressures on shrimp stock. In terms of shrimp stock, the fluctuations in recruitment are very high and determine for the most part the annual production of shrimp boats (Figure 1). Work in progress on the evolution of shrimp stocks suggest that the relatively short shrimp life span (18 months) does not allow a cohort to be exploited over more than one year. In terms of the shrimp boat fleet, there are no alternative outlets for fishing effort. La pêcherie crevettière de Guyane française se trouve à.. cet égard dans des conditions extrêmes. Au plan de la ressource, les fluctuations du recrutement sont très importantes et déterminent en grande partie les résultats annuels des flottilles (figure 1). Les travaux en cours relatifs à la dynamique des stocks de crevettes permettent de considérer que la durée de vie relativement brève des crevettes (18 mois) ne permet pas à un recrutement d'être exploité sur plus d'une année. Au plan des flottilles, il n'existe à. l'heure actuelle aucune possibilité alternative d'allocation de l'effort de pêche. [OCR NON CONTRÔLE] Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1987/rapport-4138.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4138/ | Partager |
Cross breeding of different domesticated lines as a simple way for genetic improvement in small aquaculture industries: Heterosis and inbreeding effects on growth and survival rates of the Pacific blue shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) stylirostris Auteur(s) : Goyard, Emmanuel Goarant, Cyrille Ansquer, Dominique Brun, Pierre De Decker, Sophie Dufour, Robert Galinie, C Peignon, Jean-marie Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Résumé : Two populations of the Latin American shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus)stylirostris domesticated in Hawaii and in New Caledonia were previously shown to be genetically differentiated and proven highly inbred. In New Caledonia, where different Vibriosis affect shrimp production and antibiotic use is banned in growing ponds, the Hawaiian population was introduced to increase the allelic variability available for local shrimp farmers and start a genetic improvement program. Growth and survival rates of the two pure populations and the two-way F-1-hybrids obtained by breeding Hawaiian animals with New Caledonian animals were assessed in several simple experiments (earthen ponds, floating cages and experimental infection challenges) during two years on two successive generations. Results were very consistent: F-1-hybrids growth rates in earthen ponds were 37% (+/-7% SD) higher than for pure populations. Cage experiments demonstrated no competition between the different populations when reared together or separately in a common environment. The F-1-hybrids also showed better survival rates in all experiments. Combining the results on growth and survival rates leads to the conclusion that biomass production is much higher with F-1-hybrid populations than with pure populations using the same quantity of juveniles stocked: biomass production in ponds was increased 1.4 and 2.3 times on year I and year 2 respectively, and 1.9 times in floating cages. The advantage of growing F-1-hybrids appeared proportionally higher when environmental and sanitary conditions led to poorer survival (34% in year 2 vs. 56% in year 1). These results are a good example of performance improvement by heterosis effect and/or of performance loss due to inbreeding in the pure populations. This study demonstrates that aquaculture industries which cannot afford large selection programs may benefit from using two different inbred parental stocks to produce F-1-hybrids for each commercial growout. This is notably true when only inbred populations are available, or when introduction of genetic variability from the wild or from other genetic resources represents a zoo-sanitary risk. In our case, the expected increase in L stylirostris production could be around 85% (according to our average results) if producers keep stocking their ponds at their current densities using F-1-hybrids. However, for sustainability reasons, it is advisable to stock F-1-hybrid animals at lower densities, the gain in performance allowing producing the same amount of biomass with less input. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Aquaculture (0044-8486) (Elsevier), 2008-06 , Vol. 278 , N. 1-4 , P. 43-50 Droits : 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-4316.pdf DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.03.018 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4316/ | Partager Voir aussi Vibriosis Survival Growth Penaeus Litopenaeus stylirostris Shrimp Cross breeding Genetic improvement Télécharger |
Seasonal Pattern of the Biogeochemical Properties of Mangrove Sediments Receiving Shrimp Farm Effluents (New Caledonia) Auteur(s) : Marchand, Cyril Molnar, N. Deborde, Jonathan Della Patrona, Luc Meziane, Tarik Éditeur(s) : OMICS Publishing Group Résumé : Coastal tropical shrimp farming may impact the adjacent ecosystems through the release of large quantities of effluents rich in nutrients. In New Caledonia, mangroves are considered as a natural biofilter to reduce impacts on the surrounding World Heritage listed lagoon. Our main objective was to understand the influence of effluent discharge on the biogeochemistry of mangrove sediments. A monitoring of the physico-chemical parameters of mangrove sediments was carried out during a whole year, including active and non active periods of the farm. The parameters studied were: i) benthic primary production (Chl-a concentrations), ii) physico-chemical parameters of sediments (redox potential, pH, salinity, TOC, TN, TS, δ13C and δ15N), iii) concentrations of dissolved nitrogen, iron and phosphorus. A mangrove developing in the same physiographic conditions, presenting the same zonation, and free of anthropogenic input was used as reference. The concentration of benthic Chl-a measured at sediment surface in the effluent receiving mangrove was twice to three times that measured in the control zone whatever the season. We thus suggest that nutrients inputs significantly increased the phytobenthic production in the effluent receiving mangrove during the whole year, even after the cessation of discharges and because of natural seasonal dynamic of phytobenthos. Although the flow of surface OM was increased, the OM content at depth was not higher than in the control mangrove. However, the contribution of mangrove detritus to the sedimentary organic pool was higher probably as a result of higher density and much greater individual size of the mangrove trees. Unlike the control mangrove sediment, the effluent receiving mangrove sediment was not stratified, redox potential values were high and presence of Fe3+ was detected down to 50 cm depth, probably as a result of a larger root system, allowing a better sediment oxygenation and accentuated OM decomposition processes, and thus limiting ecosystem saturation. Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development (21559546) (OMICS Publishing Group), 2014-07-03 , Vol. 5 , N. 5 , P. 1-13 Droits : 2014 Marchand C, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00251/36253/34801.pdf DOI:10.4172/2155-9546.1000262 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00251/36253/ | Partager |
Effect of dietary protein level on growth and energy utilization by Litopenaeus stylirostris under laboratory conditions Auteur(s) : Gauquelin, F Cuzon, Gerard Gaxiola, G Rosas, C Arena, L Bureau, D Cochard, Jean-claude Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Résumé : A study was conducted using a bioenergetics approach to generate information on energy requirement and feed utilization of Litopenaeus stylirostris. Animals (initial mean weight 21 +/- 1 g were fed ad libitum six experimental diets, ranging from 25 to 58% crude protein (CP), for 50 days. Weight gain increased from 21 to 30 g with increasing dietary protein level. Survival rates averaged 80%. Basal metabolism (HeE) and heat increment of feeding (HiE) were monitored using respirometry. HeE was on average I U shrimp(-1) day(-1) or 47 U kg live weight(-1) day (22 kJ/kg(0.8). d(-1)), slightly more than what is observed in fish. HiE averaged 0.2 W/sbrimp(-1) day(-1) or 10 W kg live weight(-1) day(-1) (4 kJ/kg(0.8) d(-1)). It represented 3 1 % and 12% digestible energy intake (DET) for shrimp fed on 58% CP and 25% CP diet respectively. Non-fecal (UE + ZE) energy calculated on the basis of N-ammonia excretion averaged 0.2 jig N-ammonia/g dry wt./ mn or 25 J live shrimp(-1) day(-1) in fasting stage and increased to 40 J in post-prandial stage. Ammonia production increased with increasing dietary crude protein (CP). The O:N ratio indicated that protein was increasingly used as an energy substrate as CP increased. The information was used to construct an energy budget for shrimp fed a protypical 40% CP diet. Gross energy intake (IE) was estimated at 6.5 W live shrimp(-1) day(-1); digestible energy intake (DEI) at 5, urinary and branchial excretion (UE +ZE) at 1.2, total heat production (HE) at 3.2; recovered energy (RE) at 0.6 (or 11% DEI). L. stylirostris adults issued from domesticated strain appeared to be more efficiently utilizing (i.e. converting into carcass energy) protein than carbohydrates. This preliminary energy budget can be used to construct theoretical feed requirement and waste outputs model for L. stylirostris. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. Aquaculture (0044-8486) (Elsevier), 2007-10 , Vol. 271 , N. 1-4 , P. 439-448 Droits : 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/publication-6263.pdf DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.05.062 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6263/ | Partager |
PenBase, the shrimp antimicrobial peptide penaeidin database: Sequence-based classification and recommended nomenclature Auteur(s) : Gueguen, Yannick Garnier, Julien Robert, Lorenne Lefranc, Marie-paule Mougenot, Isabelle De Lorgeril, Julien Janech, Michael Gross, Paul S. Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Résumé : Antimicrobial peptides play a major role in innate immunity. The penaeidins, initially characterized from the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, are a family of antimicrobial peptides that appear to be expressed in all penaeid shrimps. As of recent, a large number of penaeid nucleotide sequences have been identified from a variety of penaeid shrimp species and these sequences currently reside in several databases under unique identifiers with no nomenclatural continuity. To facilitate research in this field and avoid potential confusion due to a diverse number of nomenclatural designations, we have made a systematic effort to collect, analyse, and classify all the penaeidin sequences available in every database. We have identified a common penaeidin signature and subsequently established a classification based on amino acid sequences. In order to clarify the naming process, we have introduced a 'penaeidin nomenclature' that can be applied to all extant and future penaeidins. A specialized database, PenBase, which is freely available at http://www.penbase.immunaqua.com, has been developed for the penaeidin family of antimicrobial peptides, to provide comprehensive information about their properties, diversity and nomenclature. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Developmental & Comparative Immunology (0145-305X) (Elsevier), 2006 , Vol. 30 , N. 3 , P. 283-288 Droits : 2005 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-2332.pdf DOI:10.1016/j.dci.2005.04.003 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/2332/ | Partager |
Evaluation du probiotique bactérien Pediococcus acidilactici MA18/5M chez la crevette pénéide Litopenaeus stylirostris en Nouvelle- Calédonie Auteur(s) : Castex, Mathieu Éditeur(s) : Agro Paris Tech Résumé : P. acidilactici MA 18/5M is a dietary probiotic (BACTOCELL®) which has shown its efficiency on several terrestrial and aquatic species. The present thesis aimed to investigate more fully the effects of this probiotic on cultured penaeid shrimps. For this study, we chose a global approach by replacing the problem studied in a model of interactions between three compartments: the shrimp, its intestinal microflora and the probiotic. Having first defined how the probiotic should be administrated, we studied its effects under controlled laboratory conditions at several levels of Litopenaeus stylirostris biology: (i) Nutritional status and growth, (ii) associated bacterial microflora, and (iii) health status with respect to oxidative stress. Then the probiotic improves the growth of the shrimps and the feed conversion ratio. Our study shows that these effects are partially due to a better use of the feed, particularly of dietary carbohydrates, but also suggest an action on the metabolism, andor on the growth via a contribution of essential nutrients. On the other hand, although the intestinal bacterial communities seems little affected, we show an antagonism effect of the probiotic toward total and vibrionacea intestinal flora, as well as a decrease in the level of infection of shrimps during challenge with pathogenic V. nigripulchritudo. Beside, our works highlight that infection by this pathogen, led to a reduction in antioxidant defences, to a rise in oxidative damages, and to a release of mortalities within 48 hours. This oxidative stress following bacterial infection was better controlled by animals receiving the probiotic diet, and resistance of the shrimps to infection was significant improved. A nutritional hypothesis is proposed to explain such result, hypothesis based on a link between carbohydrate metabolism and antioxidant status. As a conclusion of these works, we can propose a first explanatory scenario for the effects of P. acidilactici on a penaeid shrimp. Finally probiotic's effects were assessed under a pilot scale in a commercial farm from New Caledonia currently affected by the "summer syndrome ". We confirm the improvements brought in term of zootechnical results, with in particular, a better resistance to this syndrome. This work was made possible thanks to a breeding method in floating cages, developed during this thesis, and therefore transferred, as an experimental tool, to the shrimp industry of New Caledonia. Pediococcus acidilacticii MA18/5M est un probiotique bactérien (BACTOCELL®) qui a démontré son efficacité chez plusieurs espèces d'animaux terrestres et aquatiques. Cette thèse avait pour objectif d'investiguer plus en détails les effets de ce probiotique chez les crevettes pénéides d'élevage. Pour cette étude, nous avons choisi une approche globale replaçant la problématique dans un modèle d'interactions entre trois compartiments : la crevette, sa microflore intestinale et le probiotique. Après avoir défini les modalités d'administration, l'effet de P. acicilactici a été étudié, en conditions de laboratoire, chez la crevette Litopenaeus stylirostris, à différents niveaux: (i) statut nutritionnel et croissance, (ii) microflore bactérienne associée, et (iii) santé de l'animal à travers son statut antioxydant et son niveau de stress oxydant. Ainsi, le probiotique améliore la croissance des crevettes et l'indice de conversion de l'aliment. Notre étude montre que ces effets sont en partie liés à une meilleure utilisation de l'aliment, notamment des carbohydrates alimentaires, mais suggèrent aussi une action sur le métabolisme, et/ou sur la croissance via un apport de nutriments essentiels. D'autre part, bien que les communautés bactériennes intestinales semblent peu affectées, un effet d'antagonisme du probiotique vis-à-vis de la flore intestinale totale et vibrionacée a été montré, ainsi qu'une réduction du niveau d'infection des crevettes au cours de challenge avec le pathogène V. nigripulchritudo. Par ailleurs, nous mettons en évidence que l'infection par ce pathogène, conduit à un abaissement des défenses antioxydantes, à une élévation des dégâts oxydatifs, et au déclenchement de mortalités dans les 48 heures. Le probiotique atténue le niveau de ce stress oxydant, et améliore significativement la résistance des crevettes à l'infection. Une hypothèse nutritionnelle est proposée afin d'expliquer ce résultat, hypothèse reposant sur un lien entre le métabolisme des carbohydrates et le statut antioxydant. A l'issue de ces travaux, nous pouvons alors proposer un premier scénario explicatif des effets de P. acidilactici chez une crevette pénéide. Finalement le probiotique a été éprouvé à l'échelle pilote sur une ferme commerciale de Nouvelle-Calédonie affectée par le « syndrome d'été ». Nous confirmons les améliorations apportées en termes de résultats zootechniques, avec notamment une meilleure résistance au syndrome. Ce travail a été réalisé grâce une méthode d'élevage en cages flottantes, mis au point au cours de cette thèse, et qui a dés lors été transférée, comme outil expérimental, à la filière crevetticole Calédonienne. Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/these-6814.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6814/ | Partager |