Résumé : In order to provide economic indicators for fisheries, analysis of contribution and economic dependencies of the Bay of Biscay fishing fleets to major commercial species catching in the ICES VIII area is conducted. 9 species are considered (regarding the importance of their landings in this area): Sole, Norway Lobster, Sea bass, Hake, Anglerfish, Anchovy, Sardine, Cuttlefish and Monkfish. The landings data are provided by the Harmonie database of the Fisheries Information System of Ifremer and the analysis per specie is done for the 2005 year on one side and over the period 2000-2005 on the other side. A stock slip is built for each species and presents : - Key figures on landings in the Bay of Biscay (total landings, average price, number of vessels concerned and share in the national landings) - Assessment of the concentration of landings - Assessment of the fleets' contribution to these total landings - Assessment of the fleets' economic dependence to the species based on the income share depending on this species.
Dans le cadre de l'élaboration des indicateurs économiques sur les pêcheries, une analyse de la contribution et de la dépendance des flottilles du Golfe de Gascogne aux espèces commerciales majeures capturées dans la zone CIEM VIII est présentée. Les 9 espèces principales retenues sont (par ordre décroissant d'importance dans les débarquements totaux en valeur dans la zone VIII en 2005) : la sole, la langoustine, le bar, le merlu, la baudroie, l'anchois , la sardine, la seiche et le calmar. L'analyse des débarquements par stock est menée à partir des données disponibles dans la base Harmonie du SIH de l'Ifremer à deux niveaux : en coupe instantanée (année 2005) a été choisie comme année de référence (sauf pour l'anchois - année de référence 2004 et en tendance de 2000 à 2005. Chaque fiche stock présente : - des chiffres clés sur la production de cette espèce dans le Golfe de Gascogne (débarquements totaux, prix moyen, nombre de navires impliqués, part dans les débarquements nationaux). - une analyse du niveau de concentration des débarquements - une analyse de la contribution par flottilles à ces débarquements par ordre décroissant des contributions au débarquement total en valeur de l'espèce - une analyse de la dépendance mesurée à partir de la contribution de l'espèce aux Chiffre d'affaires (ou débarquements totaux en valeur) de chaque flottille contributrice.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/rapport-4697.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4697/

Éditeur(s) : ICES 2008 Annual Science Conference, 22-26 september 2008, HALIFAX, CANADA
Résumé : While the majority of small-scale coastal fisheries are found in developing nations, a considerable number exist in developed nations as well. Indeed, small-scale fisheries are strongly represented in all European Union (EU) Member States, 81% and 87% of the EU 25 whole fleet is composed of vessels less than 12 and 15 meters long respectively. In 2000, European regulation established a fisheries data collection framework including economic information requirements in order to provide the scientific basis for the implementation of the Common Fisheries Policy. This paper presents the methodology designed to collect the relevant economic data and characterize the status of the French fleets from an economic perspective. Based on stratified sampling plan including the following of small-scale fleets, data collection by field survey is based on a single questionnaire for all the fleets, whatever the size of the vessel, the gear used, the fishing area or the species targeted. It provides a large data set including earnings and costs but also capital, employment, fishing activity figures. Statistical analysis through a revenue model gives the basis for a re-assessing of the small-scale fisheries contribution to national production. Economic indicators such as gross added value, revenues, and direct employment are derived from the data set. The significant role of small scale fisheries in the French fishing sector is established and the impact of the rising fuel costs in fisheries is discussed.

Droits : 2008 ICES
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00059/16998/14500.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00059/16998/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has a poor prognosis with a 50% risk of metastases. Little is known about the phenotypic and molecular profiles of metastases regarding their corresponding primary tumors. This study aimed to screen phenotypic and genotypic differences between metastases and their corresponding primary tumors. We selected four cases with available frozen material. The histological, immunohistochemical (VEGFA, CD31, SMA, Ki67, p53, PAR-3), FISH (VHL gene), next-generation sequencing (VHL and c-MET genes), multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, and array-(comparative genomic hybridization) CGH analyses were realized. Metastases were nodal, hepatic (synchronous), adrenal, and pulmonary (metachronous). High-grade tumor cells were significantly more frequent in metastases (p = 0.019). Metastases and high-grade zones of primary tumors shared similar characteristics compared to low-grade zones: a lower microscopic vascular density (43.5 vs 382.5 vessels/mm(2); p = 0.0027), a higher expression of VEGF (73 vs 10%, p = 0.045), Ki67 (37.6 vs 8.3%; p = 0.011), and p53 (54 vs 10.6%; p = 0.081), and a cytoplasmic and membranous PAR-3 staining. Metastases exhibited more chromosomal imbalances than primary tumors in total (18.75 ± 6.8; p = 0.044) with more genomic gains (13.5 ± 7; p = 0.013). The loss of chromosome 9 and gain of Xq were found in both primary tumors and metastases but gains of loci or chromosomes 2p, 3q, 5, 8q, 12, and 20 were only found in metastases. The VHL gene status was similar in each tumor couple. Although metastases and primary tumors share common histological features, this study highlights chromosomal differences specific to metastases which could be involved in ccRCC metastatic evolution.
Virchows Archiv

hal-01560281
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01560281
DOI : 10.1007/s00428-017-2124-0
PUBMED : 28488172

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Physiological Society
Résumé : International audience
Interleukin (IL)-33 is crucially involved in liver pathology and drives hepatoprotective functions. However, the regulation of IL-33 by cytokines of the IL-6 family, including oncostatin M (OSM) and IL-6, is not well studied. The aim of the present study was to determine whether OSM mediates regulation of IL-33 expression in liver cells. Intramuscular administration in mice of an adenovirus encoding OSM (AdOSM) leads to increase in expression of OSM in muscles, liver, and serum of AdOSM-infected mice compared with control mice. The increase of circulating OSM markedly regulated mRNA of genes associated with blood vessel biology, chemotaxis, cellular death, induction of cell adhesion molecules, and the alarmin cytokine IL-33 in liver. Steady-state IL-33 mRNA was upregulated by OSM at an early phase (8 h) following AdOSM infection. At the protein level, the expression of IL-33 was significantly induced in liver endothelial cells [liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) and vascular endothelial cells] with a peak at 8 days post-AdOSM infection in mice. In addition, we found OSM-stimulated human microvascular endothelial HMEC-1 cells and human LSEC/TRP3 cells showed a significant increase in expression of IL-33 mRNA in a dose-dependent manner in cell culture. The OSM-mediated overexpression of IL-33 was associated with the activation/enrichment of CD4(+)ST2(+) cells in liver of AdOSM-infected mice compared with adenovirus encoding green fluorescent protein-treated control mice. In summary, these data suggest that the cytokine OSM regulates the IL-33 expression in liver endothelial cells in vivo and in HMEC-1/TRP3 cells in vitro and may specifically expand the target CD4(+)ST2(+) cells in liver
ISSN: 0193-1857

hal-01220632
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01220632
DOI : 10.1152/ajpgi.00398.2014
PUBMED : 26251474

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Society of Hematology
Résumé : International audience
Sickle cell disease is characterized by painful vaso-occlusive crises during which abnormal interactions between erythroid adhesion molecules and vessel-wall proteins are thought to play a critical role. Hydroxyurea, the only drug with proven benefit in sickle cell disease, diminishes these interactions, but its mechanism of action is not fully understood. We report that, under hydroxyurea, expression of the unique erythroid laminin receptor Lu/BCAM was increased, but red blood cell adhesion to laminin decreased. Because Lu/BCAM phosphorylation is known to activate cell adhesion to laminin, it was evaluated and found to be dramatically lower in hydroxyurea-treated patients. Analysis of the protein kinase A pathway showed decreased intracellular levels of the upstream effector cyclic adenosine monophosphate during hydroxyurea treatment. Using a cellular model expressing recombinant Lu/BCAM, we showed that hydroxyurea led to decreased intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels and diminished Lu/BCAM phosphorylation and cell adhesion. We provide evidence that hydroxyurea could reduce abnormal sickle red blood cell adhesion to the vascular wall by regulating the activation state of adhesion molecules independently of their expression level.
ISSN: 0006-4971

inserm-00821117
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00821117
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00821117/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00821117/file/Bartolucci_Blood_2010.pdf
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2009-12-257444

Éditeur(s) : Ieee
Résumé : The Momareto cruise was held from August 6 to September 6, 2006 on the new French oceanographic vessel Pourquoi pas? The ROV Victor 6000 visited three vent fields, ranging from 850m to 2300m, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The scientific objective of the cruise was to study the spatial and temporal dynamics of hydrothermal communities colonizing these active vent sites. Aside scientific and technological objectives, one of the major goals of this cruise was to share the excitement of our science with the public. For this, the results of the project were shared through different media. The most challenging and exciting communication event remains the real-time transmission of images acquired by the ROV Victor at 1700m depth to a 250 person audience on land.
Oceans 2007 - Europe, Vols 1-3 (Ieee), 2007 , P. 707-710

Droits : 2007 IEEE
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/publication-3599.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/3599/

Éditeur(s) : Edp Sciences S A
Résumé : Moored FADs (MFADs) have been a key area for development in Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles) since the late 1980's. The main objectives underpinning the development of MFADs were to (i) reduce fishing pressure on coastal fishing resources; (ii) boost fishermen's incomes; and (iii) increase local consumption of locally generated fishery products as a proportion of overall consumption. This paper gives an overview of the current structure of Guadeloupe's fishing fleet and fisheries, with a specific focus on MFAD fleets in a relatively unstructured environment with regard to regulation, and so how these fleets operate in a context of unrestricted development of private MFADs. In addressing the following key issues, this paper aims to: assess the economic performance of fleets operating on MFADs, understand why the MFAD fishing activity has not developed more than it has, and suggest how better MFAD management could improve the situation. Socio-economic information on a trip and fleet level basis were collected and stored on a fisheries information system to analyse the relative attractiveness of MFAD fishing and assess the overall economic performance of MFAD fleets as compared to other non-MFAD fleets. Non-monetary variables were also tested to explain the degree of dependence on MFADs. In 2008, economic returns from FADs were relatively low, both in terms of wages for the crews and in terms of profit for vessel owners. Earnings were higher than coastal fishing activities, but seem to have been very sensitive to the indicators used in our analysis. MFADs are expected to become much more attractive as a result of MFAD regulation, especially through the establishment of collective MFADs.
Aquatic Living Resources (0990-7440) (Edp Sciences S A), 2013-01 , Vol. 26 , N. 1 , P. 97-105

Droits : EDP Sciences, IFREMER, IRD 2013
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00137/24836/22914.pdf
DOI:10.1051/alr/20013044
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00137/24836/

Éditeur(s) : EDP Sciences
Résumé : Batch fecundity and relative fecundity of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in the southwestern Indian Ocean were estimated from seven gravid swordfish females (size range 127-225 cm lower jaw-to-fork length, LJFL) with unovulated, hydrated oocytes collected onboard Reunion-based (France) longline swordfish fishing vessels between December 1999 to January 2001. To investigate the spawning pattern of swordfish, we used data collected through a combination of two at sea sampling regimes. A total of 17 007 geo-located size data of swordfish were recorded during 8 years (1993-2001) and a total of 1727 (size range 75-289 cm, LJFL) swordfish gonads (1107 females and 620 males) were sampled from May 1998 to January 2001. The estimated batch fecundity ranged from 995 000 hydrated oocytes for the smallest ripe female to 4.3 millions for the largest female sampled measuring respectively 127 to 225 cm in curved length (LJFL). The relative fecundity ranged from 25 to 72 hydrated oocytes per gram of body weight. We found that batch fecundity was positively correlated with fish length and that the older/larger females have earlier and longer spawning seasons than younger/smaller females. These findings suggested that older/larger females which are seasonally migrating in this spawning ground seem to play a major role in reproductive success of the species in producing significantly more offspring than younger females during an extended spawning season. Examination of the length-frequency date from the fishery indicated that the young fish are resident around Reunion and around the seamounts off Reunion Island. Our results highlight the important role of the older/larger females in the reproductive capacity of southwestern Indian Ocean stock. We discuss the potential implications of fishing the older/larger females for this stock in terms of reproduction and recruitment.
La fécondité par acte de ponte et la fécondité relative chez l'espadon (Xiphias gladius) dans le sud-ouest de l'océan Indien sont estimées d'après sept femelles de taille comprise entre 127 et 225 cm (de l'extrémité de la mâchoire inférieure à la fourche caudale) ; celles-ci ayant atteint la maturité sexuelle, les ovaires contenant des ovocytes hydratés. Ces femelles ont été pêchées entre décembre 1999 et janvier 2001, par des palangriers ciblant l'espadon et basés à La Réunion. La stratégie de la reproduction chez l'espadon a été étudiée en utilisant des données collectées au cours de deux campagnes d'échantillonnages en mer : soit 17 007 mensurations géo-référencées d'espadons, de 75 à 289 cm, qui ont été enregistrées durant les 8 années d'étude (1993-2001) et 1727 gonades d'espadon (1107 femelles et 620 mâles) prélevées entre mai 1998 et juin 2001.La fécondité par acte de ponte estimée varie de 995 000 ovocytes hydratés, pour la plus petite femelle (127 cm), à 4,3 millions pour la plus grande femelle (225 cm). La fécondité par acte de ponte est corrélée positivement à la taille du poisson. La fécondité relative s'étend de 25 à 72 ovocytes hydratés par gramme de poids de corps. Les femelles les plus âgées/grandes pondent plus tôt et sur une période plus grande que les plus jeunes/petites femelles. Ainsi, les femelles plus âgées/grandes qui migrent de façon saisonnière vers cette aire de ponte, contribueraient plus largement au renouvellement de l'espèce en produisant de façon significative davantage de recrues que les femelles plus jeunes et ceci pendant une saison de ponte plus étendue. Par ailleurs, les jeunes individus semblent séjourner aux abords de l'île de La Réunion et des monts sous-marins situés au large. Nos résultats soulignent l'importance du rôle des femelles âgées/grandes dans la capacité reproductrice du stock d'espadon du sud-ouest de l'océan Indien. Les implications potentielles de la pêche : des femelles âgées et de grandes tailles sont discutées pour ce stock, du point de vue de la reproduction et du recrutement.
Aquatic Living Resources (0990-7440) (EDP Sciences), 2009 , Vol. 22 , N. 1 , P. 59-68

Droits : 2009 EDP Sciences
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-6354.pdf
DOI:10.1051/alr/2009012
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6354/

Éditeur(s) : ISTPM
Résumé : The authors give the list of fishes captured by the oceanographic vessel Thalassa during 4 cruises, in 1962, 1968, 1971 and 1973, on the northwestern African coasts (Clupeiformes, Scopeliformes and Cetomimiformes) with indications on their morphology and geographical repartition.
Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Pêches Maritimes (0035-2276) (ISTPM), 1977-03 , Vol. 41 , N. 1 , P. 5-92

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1977/publication-1994.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1994/

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : The long-term BIOZAIRE multidisciplinary deep-sea environmental program on the West Equatorial African margin organized in partnership between Ifremer and TOTAL aimed at characterizing the benthic community structure in relation with physical and chemical processes in a region of oil and gas interest. The morphology of the deep Congo submarine channel and the sedimentological structures of the deep-sea fan were established during the geological ZAIANGO project and helped to select study sites ranging from 350 to 4800 m water depth inside or near the channel and away from its influence. Ifremer conducted eight deep-sea cruises on board research vessels between 2000 and 2005. Standardized methods of sampling together with new technologies such as the ROV Victor 6000 and its associated instrumentation were used to investigate this poorly known continental margin. In addition to the study of sedimentary environments more or less influenced by turbidity events, the discovery of one of the largest cold seeps near the Congo channel and deep coral reefs extends our knowledge of the different habitats of this margin. This paper presents the background, objectives and major results of the BIOZAIRE Program. It highlights the work achieved in the 16 papers in this special issue. This synthesis paper describes the knowledge acquired at a regional and local scale of the Equatorial East Atlantic margin, and tackles new interdisciplinary questions to be answered in the various domains of physics, chemistry, taxonomy and ecology to better understand the deep-sea environment in the Gulf of Guinea.
Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography (0967-0645) (Elsevier), 2009-11 , Vol. 56 , N. 23 , P. 2156-2168

Droits : 2009 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-7349.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.04.015
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/7349/

Éditeur(s) : ESITPA, Rouen
Résumé : This report presents a functional typology of the exploitation systems of fisheries in the Charentais sounds. It describes the nature of such a typology as well as the method developed in relation to the topic of the study. The determination and formalization accepted to characterise the exploitation systems are outlined. Also presented is the evaluation of the value of the vessels of the sounds fleet. Types are identified based on two main explanatory variables: capital and work. They enable us to set the internal dynamics of the production system straight.
Ce rapport présente une typologie dite fonctionnelle des systèmes d'exploitation pour la pêche dans les Pertuis charentais. La nature d'une telle typologie est exposée ainsi que la méthode mise au point en correspondance avec le sujet de l'étude. La détermination et la formalisation retenues pour caractériser les systèmes d'exploitation sont décrites. L'exercice a demandé une évaluation de la valeur des bateaux de la flottille des Pertuis, qui est présentée. Les types sont identifiés en fonction de deux variables explicatives principales, à savoir le capital et le travail. Ils permettent d'éclairer la dynamique interne au système productif. OCR NON CONTRÔLE

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1998/these-3932.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/3932/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
This paper proposes Chebyshev-dependent inhomogeneous second order differential equation for the m-Boubaker polynomials (or Boubaker-Turki polynomials). This differential equation is also presented as a guide to applied physics studies. A concrete example is given through an attempt to solve the Bloch NMR flow equation inside blood vessels.
Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal

hal-00766227
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00766227

Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-Villars
Résumé : Pegasus current measurements carried out along a section located off French Guiana are presented; the section was repeated five times from September 1989 to June 1991 during the NOE (region Nord-Ouest equatoriale)/STACS (Sub Tropical Atlantic Climate Studies) cruises on board the NOAA (National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration) research vessels. The data (vertical and horizontal distributions) show, as suggested by earliest observations, the presence of different currents. At the surface, and in winter, the North Brazil Current (NBC) flows northwestward (positive), is strong (120 cm/s), confined in the first 250 m, coastally trapped (within 250 km) and fed by offshore waters; in summer the NBC strengthens (the velocity increases to 150 cm/s), vertically extends (down to 800 m) and veers offshore; the mean NBC mass flux computed from all the sections available is 34 +/- 9 Sv with absolute maximum and minimum respectively in September 1989 (81 +/- 4 Sv) and February 1990 (13 +/- 1 Sv). Subsurface, a southeastward (negative) undercurrent (herein after named Western Boundary UnderCurrent) is present in winter-spring and located in the layer 250-800 m with similar velocities in February 1990 (- 33 cm/s) and June 1991 (- 29 cm/s) but with largest vertical and horizontal extensions in the latter case; in summer (September 1989 and September 1990) this undercurrent is absent; the mean mTBUC mass flux is - 9 +/- 3 Sv; the maximum is observed in June 1991 (- 19 +/- 2 Sv) and the minimum in February 1990 (- 3 +/- 0.4 Sv) and January 1991 (- 5 +/- I Sv). Deeper, the equatorward Deep Western Boundary Current is trapped against the continental shelf (within 100 km of the shelf break), extends downward from 1 200 to 3 000 m depth with the velocity core centred in the 1 700-2 000 m layer, is maximum (- 50 cm/s) in spring-summer and minimum (- 23 cm/s) in winter; the absolute velocity (- 92 cm/s) has been recorded at 2 000 m depth in September 1989 suggesting a strong variability at this level; the mean equatorward DWBC mass flux is - 30 +/- 14 Sv with absolute maximum and minimum respectively in September 1989 (- 59 +/- 6 Sv) and September 1990 (- 7 +/- 1 Sv). The Integrated Mass, Temperature and Salt Fluxes (IMF, ITF and ISF) with the cumulated errors, computed across the whole section and down to 3 000 m depth for the September 1990, January 1991 and June 1991 cruises, are all positive in September 1990 (respectively 1.9 +/- 19 Sv, 3.1 +/- 30.1 PW and 74 +/- 1 845 Tt/s) but all negative both in January 1991 (- 13.3 +/- 17.0 Sv, - 15.6 +/- 26.5 PW and - 478 +/- 1594 Tt/s) and June 1991 (- 3.8 +/- 10.1 Sv, - 4.0 +/- 16.3 PW, - 130 +/- 989 Tt/s) showing a strong variability between the summer and winter periods. The mean IMF, ITF and ISF values (respectively - 5.1 +/- 46.4 Sv, - 5.2 +/- 73 PW and - 178 +/- 4428 Tt/s) are high and negative, indicating the large influence of the DWBC and the associated North Atlantic Deep Water (upper part) off French Guiana at 5 degrees N.
Oceanologica Acta (0399-1784) (Gauthier-Villars), 1994 , Vol. 17 , N. 2 , P. 143-157

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00098/20881/18495.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00098/20881/

Résumé : ON the 17th December 1873, the Challenger left Simon's Bay for the southern cruise, at 6.30 A.M. As the vessel steamed out to the open sea considerable differences in the temperature of the surface water were observed. [NOT CONTROLLED OCR]
H.M.S. Challenger

Droits : Johnson Reprint Corporation
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1885/publication-4757.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4757/

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Science Bv
Résumé : Small-scale fisheries have traditionally received less research effort than large-scale fisheries and are generally under-studied in Europe. In spite of their comparatively low volume of catches and economic importance, small-scale fisheries are socially important and an integral part of the European coastal zone. Considering the high heterogeneity of situations and the paucity of quantitative data, we used an analytical methodology based on the comparative method. We carried out an analysis of small-scale fisheries (SSFs) in Europe based on a selection of nine case studies. Our objective was to obtain a comprehensive description of small-scale fleets covering different areas/fisheries/species, encompassing the diversity and specific conditions under which SSFs operate, in order to demonstrate the ecological and social sustainability of this often overlooked fisheries segment. A common approach formulated so that the case studies could be compared with the case histories of other competing users, required that for each set of criteria – technical, biological, socio-economic, and institutional – a set of relevant items and indicators was established. An analysis of characteristics common to the selected case studies is conducted and an attempt made to extend our comparisons to the whole of the European Union. Our results show that (as compared with large-scale fleets, their main competitor) small-scale fleets: (i) are composed of smaller vessels and, consequently, travel lower distances to fishing grounds, and are more reliant on coastal areas; (ii) have smaller crews (although the global employment figure is similar to that of large-scale fleets in Europe); (iii) use mostly, but not exclusively, passive gears; (iv) use multi-purpose fishing approaches, and can change the fish species they target during the year; (v) have lower extraction rates; (vi) have lower total capital investments (including fishing rights), turnover and costs; and (vii) have lower fuel consumption, making them less sensitive to changing oil prices. Dependence on subsidies is lower (viii). Involvement in fisheries management is variable, conservation and access regulation measures are largely local in origin. For the selected case studies, the most significant competitors are large-scale fleets, and recreational fisheries, but other sources of interaction (water quality, invasive species, etc.) cannot be ignored.
Fisheries Research (0165-7836) (Elsevier Science Bv), 2013-02 , Vol. 140 , P. 1-13

Droits : 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00118/22934/20757.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.fishres.2012.11.008
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00118/22934/

Éditeur(s) : Springer
Résumé : Two highly active mud volcanoes located in 990-1,265 m water depths were mapped on the northern Egyptian continental slope during the BIONIL expedition of R/V Meteor in October 2006. High-resolution swath bathymetry and backscatter imagery were acquired with an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)-mounted multibeam echosounder, operating at a frequency of 200 kHz. Data allowed for the construction of similar to 1 m pixel bathymetry and backscatter maps. The newly produced maps provide details of the seabed morphology and texture, and insights into the formation of the two mud volcanoes. They also contain key indicators on the distribution of seepage and its tectonic control. The acquisition of high-resolution seafloor bathymetry and acoustic imagery maps with an AUV-mounted multibeam echosounder fills the gap in spatial scale between conventional multibeam data collected from a surface vessel and in situ video observations made from a manned submersible or a remotely operating vehicle.
Marine Geophysical Researches (0025-3235) (Springer), 2008-12 , Vol. 29 , N. 4 , P. 275-290

Droits : 2008 Springer. Part of Springer Science+Business Media
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-6395.pdf
DOI:10.1007/s11001-009-9063-3
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6395/

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Sci Ltd
Résumé : The reduction of by-catch mortality is an objective of the ecosystem approach to fisheries and a request made by consumers. Elasmobranchs, an important component of the French tropical tuna purse seine fishery by-catch, are currently thrown back into the sea. Fishers interact with various types of elasmobranchs that range widely in size, weight and shape, and could pose various degrees of danger to the crew. A diversity of discarding practices within the fleet were reported, some practices were considered suitable, others needed to be adapted and improved and others simply had to be banned. The majority of the crews were likely to improve their handling practices if they were presented with practical suggestions that were quick and easy. Combining scientific observations and empirical knowledge from skippers and crew, a manual, providing appropriate handling practices to ensure crew safety and increase the odds of survival for released animals has been developed and disseminated. Bringing these good practices onto the decks of fishing vessels should contribute to the reduction of the fishing mortality of some vulnerable species. It would be positively viewed by consumers as an act that reduces fishing's footprint on the environment and promoting animal welfare which would improve the image of fishing industry. Mitigation research is by definition an iterative process and different complementary methods must be carried out at different levels of the fishing process to significantly reduce the mortality of the by-catch.
Marine Policy (0308-597X) (Elsevier Sci Ltd), 2014-02 , Vol. 44 , P. 312-320

Droits : 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00159/27008/28367.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.marpol.2013.09.025
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00159/27008/

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : The present work is based on a set of bottom trawl surveys performed in the Gulf of Lions between 1983 and 1992. A new method which couples the STATIS multitable approach with the logic of correspondence analysis (CoA) is proposed to study the stability of spatial organization of demersal assemblages in terms of species composition. This CoA version of STATIS has provided a clear representation of the stable part of the spatial structure of the assemblages. In addition, it gave an insight into the interannual variations of the distribution of each population around the reference structure. Our results showed that the demersal assemblages of the Gulf of Lions exhibited strong spatial structuring, mainly orientated along a bathymetric gradient. This gradient is structured around three major regions: the coast, the continental shelf and the continental slope. Despite sampling variations that occurred during the course of the study, the analysis showed a high degree of reproducibility for this spatial pattern. With the exception of Mullus surmuletus, the species considered in this investigation exhibit limited variations in their spatial distribution. Finally, in the absence of log-books covering the activities of commercial fishing vessels, these findings constitute a base of reference for the analysis of the dynamics of fishing fleets exploiting the demersal resources of the Gulf of Lions.
Ce travail porte sur une série de campagnes de chalutage de fond réalisé dans le golfe du Lion entre 1983 et 1992. Une nouvelle méthode fondée sur le couplage de la technique multitableaux STATIS et de l'analyse factorielle des correspondances (AFC) est proposée afin d'étudier l'organisation spatio-temporelle des assemblages démersaux, poissons et quelques céphalopodes, en terme de composition spécifique. Cette version AFC de STATIS a fourni une représentation claire de la part stable de l'organisation spatiale des assemblages. De plus, elle nous a permis d'appréhender les variations interannuelles de la distribution de chaque population autour de la structure de référence. Nos résultats montrent que les assemblages démersaux du golfe du Lion présentent une forte structuration spatiale, principalement orientée selon un gradient bathymétrique. Ce dernier est structuré en trois grandes régions: la côte, le plateau continental et le talus continental. En dépit des variations d'échantillonnage survenues au cours de la période d'étude, l'analyse a mis en évidence une forte reproductibilité de ce schéma d'organisation. A l'exception de Mullus surmuletus, les espèces considérées dans ce travail présentent des variations limitées de leur distribution spatiale. Enfin, en l'absence de livres de bord sur l'activité des navires professionnels, ces résultats constituent une base de référence pour l'analyse de la dynamique des flottilles exploitant les ressources démersales dans le golfe du Lion.
Aquatic Living Resources (Elsevier), 1998-03 , Vol. 11 , N. 2 , P. 75-85

Droits : 1998 Published by Elsevier SAS
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1998/publication-875.pdf
DOI:10.1016/S0990-7440(98)80063-6
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/875/

Éditeur(s) : ICES 2008 Annual Science Conference, 22-26 september 2008, HALIFAX, CANADA
Résumé : Since 2000, Ifremer has been implemented a Fisheries Information System (FIS), in strong collaboration with the DPMA (Direction of fisheries and aquaculture of the French Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries). The FIS aims at building an operational and multidisciplinary monitoring network for scientific purposes, allowing a comprehensive view of fishery systems including their biological, technical, environmental and economical components. The objectives of the FIS are (i) to provide the specifications and methodologies for the collection, storage and processing of fisheries data, with the constant concern to harmonise all these procedures on a national scale, (ii) to improve data management system and access to data for a wide-spread public, and (iii) to produce and distribute relevant datasets, indicators and synthesis, for understanding and evaluation, including bio-economic diagnostics of the fisheries, and assessment of the short and long-term impacts of fisheries management scenario and measures. The FIS covers all the French fisheries, including overseas territories and small-scale fisheries, for which data are often hardly available or missing, whereas two thirds of the French vessels are less than 12 meters long. The challenge was to establish a statistical and an integrated approach supporting bio-ecological and economic issues. To further an integrated analysis of the fishery systems, the wide range kinds of data - including acoustic surveys, biological in-situ observations, environmental observations, as well as fishing statistics (landings and efforts) or economic data - are managed in a single data management system, based on an integrated relational data base with geographical facilities.

Droits : 2008 ICES
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00059/17002/14504.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00059/17002/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : In early 1980s, fad fisheries were introduced from the Philippines to Japan, mainly to Okinawa. The fisheries have well developed becoming one of the main fisheries in Okinawa where 210 fads are approved to deploy in 1999. The annual catch by roughly 1 000 boats (most of them are small) is 2500-4000 mt; average catch from one fad is about 20 mt; average catch by one boat on one day is 73 kilogrammes. fads are also important for easing the fishing pressures on bottom fish stocks. Most of the fads were deployed and managed by local fishermen's groups that have improved the structures of the system to withstand typhoons. The catches are strongly depending on the sites, usually the farther offshore, the better the catches. A variety of fishing methods are devised targeting each species and the size of the fish. Being most abundant and having relatively higher prices, yellowfin tuna is the most important and consists 68% of the total production. There have been conflicts among fishermen on the use of fads since the early stage of the fisheries development. Now, the number of fads is regulated by a management committee. Conflicts between fishermen and sport fishermen have become problems; on the other hand, the sport fishing could lead to further development of the fisheries. Degraded fish meat caused by high meat temperature and occasional oversupply have been major marketing problems since prices are strongly related to the meat quality and the fish supply.

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15281/12667.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15281/