Éditeur(s) : Springer
Résumé : Two highly active mud volcanoes located in 990-1,265 m water depths were mapped on the northern Egyptian continental slope during the BIONIL expedition of R/V Meteor in October 2006. High-resolution swath bathymetry and backscatter imagery were acquired with an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)-mounted multibeam echosounder, operating at a frequency of 200 kHz. Data allowed for the construction of similar to 1 m pixel bathymetry and backscatter maps. The newly produced maps provide details of the seabed morphology and texture, and insights into the formation of the two mud volcanoes. They also contain key indicators on the distribution of seepage and its tectonic control. The acquisition of high-resolution seafloor bathymetry and acoustic imagery maps with an AUV-mounted multibeam echosounder fills the gap in spatial scale between conventional multibeam data collected from a surface vessel and in situ video observations made from a manned submersible or a remotely operating vehicle.
Marine Geophysical Researches (0025-3235) (Springer), 2008-12 , Vol. 29 , N. 4 , P. 275-290

Droits : 2008 Springer. Part of Springer Science+Business Media
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-6395.pdf
DOI:10.1007/s11001-009-9063-3
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6395/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Human Kinetics
Résumé : International audience
In order to study the acclimatization process over 14 days of exposure to tropical climate, 9 triathletes performed 4 outdoor indirect continuous multistage tests in both thermoneutral and tropical conditions. The thermoneutral test (TN, 14 C, 45% rh) was performed before traveling to the tropical area (Martinique, FWI). The tropical tests were performed 2, 8, and 14 days after arrival (32.9 C, 78% rh). During each trial, we measured tympanic temperature, sweat rate, body mass loss, heart rate (HR), and performance. The results showed that 1) the mean tympanic temperature was greater in T2 (P < .001), T8 (P < .01) and T14 (P < .01) than in TN and significantly lower in T14 than in T2 (P < .05); 2) the mean sweat rate was significantly greater (P < .001) in T2, T8 and T14 than in TN and significantly greater (P < .05) in T8 and T14 than in T2; 3) the body mass loss after trials was significantly greater (P < .001) in T2, T8 and T14 than in TN and significantly greater (P < .05) in T8 and T14 than in T2; 4) the mean HR and HR at rest were significantly higher (P < .005) in T2 than in TN, T8, T14 and the mean HR was significantly lower (P < .05) in T14 than in the other trials; and 5) the performance time was significantly lower in T2 (P < 0.02), T8 (P < 0.03) and T14 (P < 0.05) than in TN. We concluded that 14 days of exposure.
ISSN: 1066-7814

hal-00720075
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720075
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720075/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720075/file/02.Voltaire_551_.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Publisher : Baltimore : Williams & Wilkins, c1950-. Latest Publisher : Bethesda, MD : American Association of Immunologists
Résumé : International audience
Hepatic periportal fibrosis, which affects 5–10% of subjects infected by Schistosoma mansoni, is caused by the T cell-dependent granuloma that develop around schistosome eggs. Experimental models of infection have shown that granuloma and fibrosis are tightly regulated by cytokines. However, it is unknown why advanced periportal fibrosis occurs only in certain subjects. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the cytokine response of S. mansoni-infected subjects with advanced liver disease in an attempt to relate susceptibility to periportal fibrosis with an abnormal production of cytokines that regulate granuloma and fibrosis. Fibrosis was evaluated by ultrasound on 795 inhabitants of a Sudanese village in which S. mansoni is endemic: advanced periportal fibrosis was observed in 12% of the population; 35% of the affected subjects exhibited signs of portal hypertension. Age (odds ratio (OR), 11.5), gender (OR, 4.2), and infection levels (OR, 2.2) were significantly (p < 0.01) associated with hepatic fibrosis. Cytokines produced by egg-stimulated blood mononuclear cells from 99 subjects were measured (75 with no or mild fibrosis; 24 subjects with advanced fibrosis). Multivariate analysis of cytokine levels showed that high IFN-γ levels were associated with a marked reduction of the risk of fibrosis (p = ‫OR, 0.1); in contrast, high TNF-α levels were associated with an increased risk (p = 0.05; OR, 4.6) of periportal fibrosis. Moreover, infection levels were negatively associated with IFN-γ production. These results with observations in experimental models strongly suggest that IFN-γ plays a key role in the protection of S. mansoni-infected patients against periportal fibrosis, whereas TNF-α may aggravate the disease.
ISSN: 0022-1767

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/
hal-01211587
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01211587
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01211587/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01211587/file/929.full.pdf
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.169.2.929

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Geological Society of America
Résumé : International audience
Mechanisms that control seismic activity in low strain rate areas such as western Europe remain poorly understood. For example, in spite of low shortening rates of <0.5 mm/ yr, the Western Alps and the Pyrenees are underlain by moderate but frequent seismicity detectable by instruments. Beneath the elevated part of these mountain ranges, analysis of earthquake focal mechanisms indicates extension, which is commonly interpreted as the result of gravitational collapse. Here we show that erosional processes are the predominant control on present-day deformation and seismicity. We demonstrate, using fi nite element modeling, that erosion induces extension and rock uplift of the elevated region of mountain ranges accommodating relatively low overall convergence. Our results suggest that an erosion rate of ~1 mm/yr can lead to extension in mountain ranges accommodating signifi cant shortening of <3 mm/yr. Based on this study, the seismotectonic framework and seismic hazard assessment for low strain rate areas need to be revisited, because erosion-related earthquakes could increase seismic hazard.
ISSN: 0091-7613

insu-00817341
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00817341
DOI : 10.1130/G33942.1

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Chemical Society
Résumé : International audience
Constitutive activation of the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway contributes to carcinogenesis and metastasis in most, if not all, breast cancers. From a chromene backbone reported to inhibit class I PI3K catalytic subunits, several rounds of chemical syntheses led to the generation of a new collection of chromologues that showed enhanced ability to kill PI3K-addicted cancer cells and to inhibit Akt phosphorylation at serine 473, a hallmark of PI3K/mTOR activation. This initial screen uncovered a chromene designated DHM25 that exerted potent antitumor activity against breast tumor cell lines. Strikingly, DHM25 was shown to be a selective and covalent inhibitor of mTOR using biochemical and cellular analyses, modeling, and a large panel of kinase activity assays spanning the human kinome (243 kinases). Finally, in vivo, this novel drug was an efficient inhibitor of growth and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer cells, paving the way for its clinical application in oncology
ISSN: 0022-2623

hal-01187307
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01187307
DOI : 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00991
PUBMED : 26237138

Éditeur(s) : Soc Francaise D Ichtyologie
Résumé : The ichtyofauna of Geyser and Zelee coral banks (north of Mozambique canal) was investigated in 1996, this work being the first quantitative study on this area. Quantitative data were collected on 11 stations (mean depth 18 m) by visual observations along 50 m transect, widened to 2 m for small sedentary species, and to 5 m for commercial species with a large action range. The main descriptors of the fish communities (species richness, abundance per species) and the trophic structure (omnivorous, herbivorous, carnivorous, browsers of sessile invertebrates) were described and analysed.A total of 294 fish species, belonging to 43 families were recorded. The species richness varied from 45 to 83 species / station, and the abundance, from 292 to 1322 individuals / 100 m(2), the lower values being recorded on the inner slope and the higher ones on the outer slope. In terms of number of individuals, diurnal planktivores were highly represented at all sites (mean 63.7%). Pomacentridae and Caesionidae were the most abundant families, damselfishes being mainly represented by Chromis ternatensis (mean 73 ind., max, 148 ind. 100 m(2)), C. dimidiata (mean 33 ind., max. 151 ind. / 100 m(2)) and Dascyllus carneus (mean 38 ind., max. 92 ind. 100 m(2)), and fusiliers by Pterocaesio chrysozona (mean 19 ind., max. 128 ind. / 100 m(2)), P. tile (mean 12 ind., max. 38 ind. / 100 m(2)) and Caesio teres (mean 6 ind., max. 32 ind. / 100 m(2)). The high values recorded showed that small and isolated coral banks can support relatively rich fish faunas and substantial populations of individuals. This result may be explained by different factors such as the oceanographic circulation favourable to a localised enrichment of nutrients from surface water, the low human impact, a good coral cover and a high degree of self-recruitment associated with regional recruitment. Nevertheless, the main commercial species such as Lutjanus bohar and Variola louti, observed at each station, were represented at a low density (mean 0.8 ind., max. 6 ind. / 100 m(2) and mean 0.2 ind., max. 0.8 ind. / 100 m(2) respectively). This result may be due to the exploitation of these coral banks between 1990 and 1992, which was interrupted following the fast decreasing output.Such an experience shows us the fragility of these small coral banks and the necessity to establish a rational management of the resource.
Cybium (0399-0974) (Soc Francaise D Ichtyologie), 2002 , Vol. 26 , N. 1 , P. 11-26

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/10132/7687.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/10132/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
This study investigated the possibility of there being differences in respiratory muscle strength and endurance in elite and competition triathletes who have similar maximal oxygen uptakes (V_O2max) and ventilatory thresholds (Thvent). Five internationally-ranked elite, [mean (SD) age 23.8 (1.4) years] and six nationallyand regionally-ranked competition [age 21.1 (1.1) years] male triathletes performed two successive trials: first an incremental cycle test to assess V_O2max and Thvent and second 20 min of cycling followed by 20 min of running (C-R) at intensities higher than 85% V_O2max. Cardioventilatory data were collected every minute during the two trials, using an automated breath-by-breath system. Maximal expiratory and inspiratory (PImax) strength were assessed before and 10 min after C-R from the functional residual capacity. Respiratory muscle endurance was assessed 1 day before and 30 min after C-R by measuring the time limit (tlim). The results showed firstly that during C-R, the competition triathletes had significantly (P<0.05) higher minute ventilation [mean (SEM) 107.4 (3.1) compared to 99.8 (3.7) lÆmin-1], breathing frequency [44.4 (2.0) compared to 40.2 (3.4) Æmin-1] and heart rate [166 (3) compared to 159 (4) beatsÆmin-1] and secondly that after C-R, they had significantly lower PImax [127.1 (4.2) compared to 130.7 (3.0) cmH2O] and tlim [2:35 (0:29) compared to 4:12 (0:20) min] than the elite triathletes. We conclude that, despite similar V_O2max and Thvent, the competition triathletes showed less extensive adaptive mechanisms, including those in the respiratory muscles, than did the elite triathletes. This led to higher ventilation, which appeared to be the cause of the faster development of fatigue in the inspiratory muscles in this group.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY

hal-00720562
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720562
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720562/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720562/file/BoussanaEJAP02_2_.pdf

Résumé : The document, fifth edition of a collection which has started in 1997, presents a survey of marine-related activities in France. The commercial sector includes exploitation and extraction of marine resources , manufacturing industry, private services. In this new edition, a special effort is devoted to the analysis of maritime ports related industries. The non-commercial sector includes public services, among which the Navy, state services, education, safety, marine and coastal environment protection, marine sciences. Each activity of the commercial sector is described by key figures (turnover, value added, employment). The non-commercial sector includes data on running costs, in particular personnel costs. In addition to indicators, qualitative information is provided on the recent developments and future prospects of industries
Le document, cinquième édition d'une série lancée en 1997, présente un panorama des activités liées à la mer en France. Le secteur marchand comprend l'exploitation et l'extraction des ressources marines, l'industrie manufacturière, les services privés. Dans cette nouvelle édition, un effort particulier est consacré à l'analyse de l'activité portuaire. Le secteur non marchand est constitué des services publics, dont la Marine nationale, les services de l'État, l'enseignement, la sécurité, la protection de l'environnement littoral et marin, la recherche scientifique. Chaque activité du secteur marchand est décrite par des chiffres-clés (chiffre d'affaires, valeur ajoutée, emploi). Sur le secteur non marchand sont fournies des données de coûts, dont les coûts de personnel. Tous ces indicateurs sont accompagnés d'informations qualitatives sur l'évolution récente et les perspectives des branches d'activité.

Droits : 2004 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00117/22855/20667.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00117/22855/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Geophysical Union
Résumé : International audience
This work presents seismic properties derived from a detailed microstructural study of supra-subduction mantle xenoliths extracted by the active Avacha volcano in the southern Kamchatka arc. These peridotites underwent low-stress deformation and syn- to late-kinematic reactive percolation of hydrous melts or fluids leading to local orthopyroxene enrichment and dispersion of the olivine CPO in the shallow mantle wedge. All samples show an axial [ 100] olivine CPO implying fast S-wave polarization parallel to the flow direction in the mantle. Orthopyroxene-enrichment by reactive fluids/melts percolation lowers the Vp/Vs ratio, but cannot explain the Vp/Vs ratios <1.7 mapped in the Japan and Andes forearc mantle. These low Vp/Vs ratios may however be explained by considering the intrinsic anisotropy of the peridotites.
ISSN: 0094-8276

hal-00512636
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00512636
DOI : 10.1029/2010GL043450

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : The Karakorum Fault zone (KFZ), lying in the west of the Tibetan plateau, is an important dextral strike-slip fault and the important northern geological boundary of the west Himalaya. In the AyilaRi' gyu Range-Gai Basin area lying in the southeast of the KFZ, Ar-40/Ar-39 thermochronologic analysis was performed on the syn-tectonic minerals in the, metamorphic rocks in the Karakorum ductile shear zone, with the base of petrology and deformation structure researches. According to the microstructure features, the minerals in the shear zone recorded the continuous deformation from high ( > 600 degrees C) to low temperature ( < 250 degrees C) appeared as that the nearly horizontal dextral shearing has transformed into the oblique dextral normal slip, made the greenschist facies of deformation stack oil the early medium-high temperature deformation, indicated the uplift during the slip. The thermochronologic revealed the continuous shear process from the early Miocene to 4Ma at least, which containing three rapid cooling stage: from 25 similar to 22Ma to 21 similar to 18Ma, the deformation locally stopped or slower in the, shallow high temperature shear process; from 15Ma to 12Ma, the rapid uplift of the AyilaRi' gyu Range, the initial formation of the Gar Basin together with the main deep incision of river during the strip-slip of the KFZ; since 9Ma, the AyilaRi' gyu Range has increased the rapid uplift and the Gar Basin has formed finally. According to the different levels of deformation and the dextral displacement of the surface landform with different ages, the long term slip rate and the uplift rate indicated the intense dextral strike slip and uplift associated since the late Quarternary Period.
Acta Petrologica Sinica

hal-00411572
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00411572

Résumé : À la Martinique au XVIIIe siècle, les « libres de couleur », qu’ils soient nés libres ou affranchis, noirs ou métis, forment une catégorie juridique distincte des Blancs et des esclaves. L’étude comparée, avec les territoires espagnols ou anglais, montre qu’aucune réglementation légale n’a officialisé un passage de la catégorie Libre de couleur à celle de Blanc dans les colonies françaises de la fin du XVIIe siècle à la Révolution française. Aussi, cette thèse se propose de montrer les processus officieux qui ont permis à certaines personnes – les « assimilés » – de franchir la barrière de couleur. Une réflexion a été menée sur le préjugé de couleur, système raciste dont l’idéologie, soutenue par la réglementation locale, a légitimé la construction collective d’un ordre public et social. Puis, on a examiné l’élaboration de la barrière de couleur. Les libres de couleur ont été les premiers à faire les frais de l’imperméabilisation de la ligne de démarcation et des problèmes posés par la pureté de sang ; mais les Blancs mésalliés, dans le cadre d’unions interraciales, et les Amérindiens ont aussi été visés. Enfin nous avons réfléchi à ce qui faisait la blancheur et aux stratégies adoptées pour réussir ce changement de statut. Le notariat et les 33 000 actes des registres paroissiaux traités ont donné lieu à la reconstitution de généalogies pour examiner des individus et des familles sur plusieurs générations ; on a ainsi observé l’importance du phénotype, le blanchiment, la légitimité des relations, les conjoints privilégiés, le choix des réseaux, les niveaux de fortune et l’usage de l’espace.
In Martinique in the eighteenth century, the "free people of color", both those free by birth and freedmen, black or mixed race, form a legal category, which was distinct from those of whites and slaves. Comparative studies with Spanish or English territories show that no legal regulation formalized a shift - from the category of free colored people to that of White - in the French colonies between the late seventeenth century and the French Revolution. Also, this thesis proposes to show the informal process that enabled some people - the "assimilated" - to cross the color barrier. I analysed the color prejudice, a racist system, whose ideology, supported by local regulations, legitimized the collective construction of a public and social order. In a second step, I examined the development of the color bar. The free colored people were the first to bear the brunt of the impermeability of the demarcation line and of the problems posed by the purity of blood; but some whites, through interracial unions, and Native Americans have also been targeted. Finally I thought about what made the whiteness, and the strategies to achieve whiteness, change in status. Notarial acts and 33,000 acts of parish registers treaties led to the reconstitution of genealogies, in order to examine individuals and families over generations; I observed the importance of the phenotype, whitening, legitimacy relations, privileged partners, choice of networks, wealth levels and the use of space.

http://www.theses.fr/2015AGUY0847/document

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Aim of the study: A knowledge attitude and practice study centred on leishmaniasis and its treatment was performed among the Chayahuita, an Amazonian Peruvian ethnic group living in an endemic area. This study documents traditional Chayahuita plant's use and disease concepts. Also, activty of some medicinal plants used by the Chayahuita is highlighted and discussed. Materials and methods: Ninety-three Chayahuita people were interviewed, following a semi-structured questionnaire focussed on disease knowledge and perception, personal attitude and healing practices. Simultaneously, a collection of plants was performed in different ecotopes, in order to make an extensive inventory of the pharmacopoeia. Results: For the Chayahuita, cutaneous (CL) and muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) are considered as diseases of their own, with specific names, aetiologies, mode of transmission. Regarding CL, Chayahuita people consider that the humid characteristic of the skin ulcer is a discriminative fact orienting the diagnostic forTa'ta' (leishmaniasis). Forty-six different species were designated useful against LC and /or MCL (29 species by means of the questionnaire and 27 species when collecting in different ecotopes). Thirty-seven extracts corresponding to 31 species used medicinally were screened in vitro against Leishmania amnzonensis axenic amastigotes, assessing their viability by the reduction of tetrazolium salt (MTT). Six species displayed a good activity ( 10 μg/ml < IC50 < 20 μg/ml): an undetermined hemi-epiphytic Clusiaceae, Cyhianthus anthuriophyllus Pipoly (Myrsinaceae), two Piper, Piper sanguineispicum Trel., and Piper loretoanum Trel. (Piperaceae), Desmodium axillare Sw. DC. (Fabaceae), and Clibadium sylvestre (Aubl.) Baill. (Asteraceae). Conclusion: Perception of leishmaniasis, attitude, treatments and diet prohibitions still largely reflects traditional Chayahuita cosmovision, even if some tentative of bio-medical re-interpretation is arising.
ISSN: 0378-8741

hal-01087667
https://hal-agroparistech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01087667
DOI : 10.1016/j.jep.2009.07.015

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Seven male subjects volunteered to participate in an investigation of whether the diurnalincrease in core temperature influences the effects of pre-cooling or passivewarm-up on muscular power. Morning (07:00-09:00 h) and afternoon (17:00-19:00 h) evaluation of maximal power output during a cycling sprint was performed on different days in a control condition (room at 21.8 °C, 69% rh), after 30 min of pre-cooling in a cold bath (16 °C), or after 30 min of passivewarm-up in a hot bath (38 °C). Despite an equivalent increase from morning to afternoon in core temperature in all conditions (+0.4 °C, P < 0.05), power output displayed a diurnalincrease in control condition only. A local cooling or heating of the leg in a neutral environment blunted the diurnal variation in muscular power. Because pre-cooling decreases muscle power, force and velocity irrespective of time-of-day, athletes should strictly avoid any cooling before a sprint exercise. In summary, diurnal variation in muscle power output seems to be more influenced by muscle rather than core temperature.
ISSN: 1440-2440

hal-00706159
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00706159
DOI : 10.1016/j.jsams.2007.09.008

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Geophysical Union
Résumé : International audience
Strain and strain rate partitioning in partially molten rocks are two of the important mechanisms that govern the process of coupling and/or decoupling of the partially molten lithosphere. Consequently, the proportion of partial melt and crystals and their network in partially molten rocks influence the degree of the partitioning along with the bulk rheology of the system. This study explores the possible role of finite strain and strain rate on the rate and volume of partial melting and crystallization in a metapelitic system undergoing deformation. Cylinders of synthetic quartz-muscovite aggregate (7: 3 volume ratio) were deformed in torsion at 750 C, 300 MPa and constant shear strain rate ((gamma) over dot = 3 x 10(-4) s(-1)) for finite shear strains (gamma) 1-15. The deformed samples were studied along the longitudinal tangential ( LT) and axial ( LA) sections to obtain the data along a range of strain rates for a given finite strain and vice versa. The results showed that deformation plays an important role on the kinetics of partial melting and crystallization. With increasing strain rate, amount and rate of crystallization comprise the volumetrically dominant process compared to partial melting at a given finite strain. In contrast, when the strain rate is constant, partial melting is the dominant process over crystallization up to moderate strain (gamma < 5). The dominant process reverses at higher strain, and the system shows more crystallization than partial melting. Application of the experimental data to geological systems implies that for metapelites a significant amount (similar to 20%) of partial melt can generate at high strain rate and moderate strain (gamma similar to 7), but at high strain (gamma = 15) the system is melt depleted. Under such conditions, decoupling should take place in brittle-ductile mode. On the other hand, rocks undergoing deformation with low strain rates and strain (gamma < 3) contain more than 25% partial melt, which can act as a major decoupling agent by localizing ductile shear zones.
ISSN: 0148-0227

hal-00617714
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00617714
DOI : 10.1029/2010JB007865

Éditeur(s) : Institut de Ciències del Mar de Barcelona, CSIC
Résumé : Acoustic and core data have recently been collected on the shelf break and the upper part of the slope of the south Aquitaine continental margin. They reveal the major role played by mass-flow gravity processes in deposit erosion and redistribution, modelling of the sea-bed, and transfer of sediment toward the deep-sea. The study region is bounded in the south by the Capbreton canyon. The northern area, which shows a smooth morphology, is characterised by small-scale deformations due to sediment creep or low-amplitude slide processes. The deformations are associated with mini listric-like faults that bound packets of sediments in which the deposit geometry is typical of constructional sediment waves. These sediment waves result from the interaction of depositional and gravity deformation processes. In the southern area, closer to the canyon, wave-like structures are still present but mostly of smaller size. They only result from gravity deformation processes without any evidence of constructional processes. In the vicinity of the Capbreton canyon, the shelf break and upper slope have a much more uneven morphology with sedimentary reliefs, escarpments and depressions directed toward the canyon thalweg. The depressions look like slide scars, and could be the result of regressive slides initiated at the top of the canyon flank. The age of the sliding event responsible for the formation of the depression observed today could be middle to upper Quaternary. Since their formation, these depressions act as conduits that channel the transfer of shelf sediment into the canyon, as demonstrated by the occurrence of a meandering channel on the sea-floor of one depression.
Scientia Marina (0214-8358) (Institut de Ciències del Mar de Barcelona, CSIC), 2006-06 , Vol. 70 , N. 1 , P. 89-100

Droits : 2006 Institut de Ciències del Mar de Barcelona
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-3960.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/3960/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Studies relating long-term exposure to persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) with endocrine activities (endocrine disrupting chemicals) on circulating levels of steroid hormones have been limited to a small number of hormones and reported conflicting results. OBJECTIVE: We examined the relationship between serum concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, androstenedione, androstenediol, testosterone, free and bioavailable testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estrone, estrone sulphate, estradiol, sex-hormone binding globulin, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone as a function of level of exposure to three POPs known to interfere with hormone-regulated processes in different way: dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener 153, and chlordecone. METHODS: We collected fasting, morning serum samples from 277 healthy, non obese, middle-aged men from the French West Indies. Steroid hormones were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, except for dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, which was determined by immunological assay, as were the concentrations of sex-hormone binding globulin, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. Associations were assessed by multiple linear regression analysis, controlling for confounding factors, in a backward elimination procedure, in multiple bootstrap samples. RESULTS: DDE exposure was negatively associated to dihydrotestosterone level and positively associated to luteinizing hormone level. PCB 153 was positively associated to androstenedione and estrone levels. No association was found for chlordecone. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that the endocrine response pattern, estimated by determining blood levels of steroid hormones, varies depending on the POPs studied, possibly reflecting differences in the modes of action generally attributed to these compounds. It remains to be investigated whether this response pattern is predictive of the subsequent occurrence of disease.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-00876025
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00876025
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00876025/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00876025/file/Persistent_Organochlorine-accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0066460

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
This research aim focused onthe interpretation of the action of pupils for two school professors in mathematics and in physical education. The research is in the field of work concerned with the process of didactic contextalisation (Delcroix, Forissier, Anciaux, 2012). It also mobilizes process of the comparative approach (Mercier, Schubauer-Leoni et Sensevy, 2002). Data processed within the limits of this communication were collected by interview of self-confrontation. The results are used to model the interpretive filters according to three axes: the practical epistemology of the professor through the categories of Shulman (1987), forms of inference employed and his organization. Our study allows us to confront, in this model, the specifics or generics, fruits of disciplinary didactics to the effects of the didactic contextualization. We note that the use of contextualization seems to act as a filter (regardless of the teacher or the discipline concerned) constitutive of a profile kind (in the sense of Clot). Finally, at the end of this research, we discuss the contribution of this type of study for the training of teachers by querying the aspect built of these filters in action-context interaction and by validating the legitimacy of this question: "What is happening in the minds of the students"?Clot, Y. et Faïta, D. (2001). Genre et style en analyse du travail. Concepts et méthodes, Travailler, 6, 7-42Delcroix, A., Forissier, T., & Anciaux, F. (2012). Vers un cadre d’analyse opérationnel des phénomènes de contextualisation didactique. Dans F. Anciaux, T. Forissier et LF. Prudent, Contextualisations didactiques (pp. 141-188). Paris : L’harmattan.Mercier, A., Schubauer-Leoni, ML. & Sensevy, G. (2002). Vers une didactique comparée. Revue française de pédagogie, 141, 5-16.Shulman, L. (1987). « Knowledge and teaching : foundations of the new reform ». Harvard Educational Review, vol. 57, n° 1, p. 1-22.
The Caribbean Academy of Sciences 20th GENERAL MEETING AND BIENNIAL CONFERENCE
Deshaies, Guadeloupe

hal-01618424
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01618424

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Geophysical Union
Résumé : International audience
We recover the Holocene earthquake history of seven seismogenic normal faults in the Fucino system, central Italy. We collected 800 samples from the well-preserved limestone scarps of the faults and modeled their 36Cl concentrations to derive their seismic exhumation history. We found that > 30 large earthquakes broke the faults in synchrony over the last 12 ka. The seven faults released strain at the same periods of time, 12-9 ka, 5-3 ka, and 1.5-1 ka. On all faults, the strain accumulation and release occurred in 3-6 ka supercycles, each included a 3-5 ka phase of slow (≤ 0.5-2 mm/yr) strain accumulation in relative quiescence, followed by a cluster of three to four large earthquakes or earthquake sequences that released most of the strain in < 1-2 ka. The large earthquakes repeated every 0.5 ± 0.3 ka during the paroxysmal phases and every 4.3 ± 0.9 ka between those phases. Earthquakes on the northern faults produced twice larger surface slips (~ 2 m) and had larger magnitudes (Mw 6.2-6.7) than those on the southern faults. On most faults, the relative strain level was found to control the amount of slip and the time of occurrence of the next large earthquake. Faults entered a phase of clustered activity once they had reached a specific relative strain threshold. The Tre Monti fault is identified as the most prone to break over the next century. Our data document earthquake synchrony and clustering at a broader space and time scale than has been reported to date.
ISSN: 0148-0227

hal-00903460
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00903460
DOI : 10.1002/jgrb.50299

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of 40 km of cycling on the biomechanical and cardiorespiratory responses measured during the running segment of a classic triathlon, with particular emphasis on the time course of these responses. Seven male triathletes underwent four successive laboratory trials: (1) 40 km of cycling followed by a 10-km triathlon run (TR), (2) a 10-km control run (CR) at the same speed as TR, (3) an incremental treadmill test, and (4) an incremental cycle test. The following ventilatory data were collected every minute using an automated breath-by-breath system: pulmonary ventilation VE, l x min[-1]), oxygen uptake (VO2, ml x min(-1) x kg[-1]), carbon dioxide output (ml x min[-1]), respiratory equivalents for oxygen (VE/VO2) and carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2), respiratory exchange ratio (R) respiratory frequency (f, breaths x min[-1]), and tidal volume (ml). Heart rate (HR, beats x min[-1]) was monitored using a telemetric system. Biomechanical variables included stride length (SL) and stride frequency (SF) recorded on a video tape. The results showed that the following variables were significantly higher (analysis of variance, P < 0.05) for TR than for CR: VO2 [51.7 (3.4) vs 48.3 (3.9) ml x kg(-1) x min(-1), respectively], VE [100.4 (1.4) l x min(-1) vs 84.4 (7.0) l x min(-1)], VE/VO2 [24.2 (2.6) vs 21.5 (2.7)] VE/VCO2 [25.2 (2.6) vs 22.4 (2.6)], f[55.8 (11.6) vs 49.0 (12.4) breaths x min(-1)] and HR [175 (7) vs 168 (9) beats x min(-1)]. Moreover, the time needed to reach steady-state was shorter for HR and VO2 (1 min and 2 min, respectively) and longer for VE (7 min). In contrast, the biomechanical parameters, i.e. SL and SF, remained unchanged throughout TR versus CR. We conclude that the first minutes of the run segment after cycling in an experimental triathlon were specific in terms of VO2 and cardiorespiratory variables, and nonspecific in terms of biomechanical variables.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY

hal-00720703
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720703
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720703/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720703/file/EJAP.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Within the framework of the international field campaign COPS (Convective and Orographically induced Precipitation Study), a large suite of state-of-the-art meteorological instrumentation was operated, partially combined for the first time. This includes networks of in situ and remote-sensing systems such as the Global Positioning System as well as a synergy of multi-wavelength passive and active remote-sensing instruments such as advanced radar and lidar systems. The COPS field phase was performed from 01 June to 31 August 2007 in a low-mountain area in southwestern Germany/eastern France covering the Vosges mountains, the Rhine valley and the Black Forest mountains. The collected dataset covers the entire evolution of convective precipitation events in complex terrain from their initiation, to their development and mature phase until their decay. Eighteen Intensive Observations Periods with 37 operation days and eight additional Special Observations Periods were performed, providing a comprehensive dataset covering different forcing conditions. In this article, an overview of the COPS scientific strategy, the field phase, and its first accomplishments is given. Highlights of the campaign are illustrated with several measurement examples. It is demonstrated that COPS research provides new insight into key processes leading to convection initiation and to the modification of precipitation by orography, in the improvement of quantitative precipitation forecasting by the assimilation of new observations, and in the performance of ensembles of convection-permitting models in complex terrain.
ISSN: 0035-9009

hal-00565513
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00565513
DOI : 10.1002/qj.752