Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Résumé : International audience
From 1998 through 2006, 44 cases of severe primary toxoplasmosis were observed in French Guiana in immunocompetent adults. Toxoplasma gondii isolates exhibited an atypical multilocus genotype. Severe disease in humans may result from poor host adaptation to neotropical zoonotic strains of T. gondii circulating in a forest-based cycle.
ISSN: 1080-6040

hal-00406549
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00406549
PUBMED : 19331765

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Tin mineralization in Achmmach deposit (NE of Moroccan Central Massif) is associated with tourmaline-rich alteration halos and faults, within N70 shear zones, hosted in sandstones and metapelites of the Upper Visean-Namurian. Such deposits were reported as late-Variscan in age and related to the emplacement of late orogenic granite not outcropping in the studied area.From field constraints, it appears that the late Variscan phase is marked by a transition from transpression to extension with conditions of deformation evolving from ductile to brittle environments. During the transpressive phase (horizontal shortening direction roughly trending E-W), pervasive tourmaline is deposited under the form of metasomatic halos around fractures in the upper levels relative to the deep batholith. This hydrothermal activity is coeval with ductile shear zones within a large corridors trending N70. Tourmaline-rich alteration appears as a hardening stage contributing to the modification of the tectonic style of rocks. Thereafter, a strong brecciation occurs in response of re-using and re-opening of the strike-slip structure. The result is (1) the formation of dextral (N070, N020) and sinistral (N120) shears, and (2) the circulation of fluids within early tourmalinites and formation of tourmaline-rich breccia. Subsequently, during the late orogenic extensional phase, tourmalinite breccias reopened as normal faults acting as overpressure fluid pathways for developing other breccias and veins. Such event is marked by deposition of tin mineralization i.e., cassiterite followed by sulphides, and then fluorite and carbonates at the end.From analysis of the shear-zone structure and superimposition of tourmalines and tin mineralization in the same structures, it is possible to suggest a structural control continuum. Such control is well expressed during metasomatism and deposition of hydrothermal tourmaline under the transpressive phase. Thereafter, under the extensive phase allowing open-space, tin-mineralization were trapped.This study has been supported by AI MA/09/210
24ème RST
Pau, France

insu-01546927
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01546927

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD National Academy of Sciences
Résumé : International audience
Among the deep-sea hydrothermal vent sites discovered in thepast 30 years, Lost City on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) isremarkable both for its alkaline fluids derived from mantle rockserpentinization and the spectacular seafloor carbonate chimneysprecipitated from these fluids. Despite high concentrations ofreduced chemicals in the fluids, this unique example of a serpentinite-hosted hydrothermal system currently lacks chemosyntheticassemblages dominated by large animals typical of high-temperaturevent sites. Here we report abundant specimens of chemosymbioticmussels, associated with gastropods and chemosymbioticclams, in approximately 100 kyr old Lost City-like carbonates fromthe MAR close to the Rainbow site (36 °N). Our finding shows thatserpentinization-related fluids, unaffected by high-temperaturehydrothermal circulation, can occur on-axis and are able to sustainhigh-biomass communities. The widespread occurrence of seafloorultramafic rocks linked to likely long-range dispersion of ventspecies therefore offers considerably more ecospace for chemosyntheticfauna in the oceans than previously supposed
ISSN: 0027-8424

insu-01352929
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01352929
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01352929/document
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01352929/file/PNAS-2011-Lartaud-7698-703.pdf
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.1009383108

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Seismic anisotropy is a ubiquitous feature of the subcontinental mantle. This can be inferred both from direct seismic observations of shear wave splitting from teleseismic shear waves, as well as the petrofabric analyses of mantle nodules from kimberlite pipes. The anisotropy is principally due to the strain-induced lattice preferred orientation (LPO) of olivine. The combined use of these mantle samples, deformation experiments on olivine, and numerical modeling of LPO, provides a critical framework for making inferences about mantle deformation from observed seismic anisotropy. In most cases there is a close correspondence between mantle deformation derived from seismic observations of anisotropy, and crustal deformation, from the Archean to the present. This implies that the mantle plays a major, if not dominant role in continental deformation. No clear evidence is found for a continental asthenospheric decoupling zone, suggesting that continents are probably coupled to general mantle circulation.
Mantle Petrology: Field Observations and high Pressure experimentations: a Tribute to Francis R. (Joe) Boyd

hal-01391514
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01391514
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01391514/document
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01391514/file/Silver_et_al_BoydVolume 1999_hal.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
Brecciated and fractured peridotites with a carbonate matrix, referred to as ophicalcites, are common features of mantle rocks exhumed in passive margins and mid-oceanic ridges. Ophicalcites have been found in close association with massive peridotites, which form the numerous ultramafic bodies scattered along the North Pyrenean Zone (NPZ), on the northern flank of the Pyrenean belt. We present the first field, textural and stable isotopic characterization of these rocks. Our observations show that Pyrenean ophicalcites belong to three main types: (1) a wide variety of breccias composed of sorted or unsorted millimeter- to meter-sized clasts of fresh or oxidized ultramafic material, in a fine-grained calcitic matrix; (2) calcitic veins penetrating into fractured serpentine and fresh peridotite; and (3) pervasive substitution of serpentine minerals by calcite. Stable isotopic analyses (O, C) have been conducted on the carbonate matrix, veins and clasts of samples from 12 Pyrenean ultramafic bodies. We show that the Pyrenean ophicalcites are the product of three distinct genetic processes: (1) pervasive ophicalcite resulting from relatively deep and hot hydrothermal activity; (2) ophicalcites in veins resulting from tectonic fracturing and cooler hydrothermal activity; and (3) polymictic breccias resulting from sedimentary processes occurring after the exposure of subcontinental mantle as portions of the floor of basins which opened during the mid-Cretaceous. We highlight a major difference between the eastern and western Pyrenean ophicalcites belonging, respectively, to the sedimentary and to the hydrothermal types. Our data set points to a possible origin of the sedimentary ophicalcites in continental endorheic basins, but a post-depositional evolution by circulation of metamorphic fluids or an origin from relatively warm marine waters cannot be ruled out. Finally, we discuss the significance of such discrepancy in the characteristics of the NPZ ophicalcites in the frame of the variable exhumation history of the peridotites all along the Pyrenean realm.
ISSN: 1437-3254

insu-00944405
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00944405
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00944405/document
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00944405/file/clerc-etal-IJES-Review.pdf
DOI : 10.1007/s00531-013-0927-z

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Slices of polycyclic metasediments (marbles and meta-cherts) are tectonically amalgamated with the polydeformed basement of the Dent Blanche tectonic system along a major Alpine shear zone in the Western Alps (Becca di Salé area, Valtournenche Valley). A combination of techniques (structural analysis at various scales, metamorphic petrology, geochronology and trace element geochemistry) was applied to determine the age and composition of accessory phases (titanite, allanite and zircon) and their relation to major minerals. The results are used to reconstruct the polyphase structural and metamorphic histories, comprising both pre-Alpine and Alpine cycles. The pre-Alpine evolution is associated with low-pressure high-temperature metamorphism related to Permo-Triassic lithospheric thinning. In meta-cherts, microtextural relations indicate coeval growth of allanite and garnet during this stage, at ~ 300 Ma. Textures of zircon also indicate crystallisation at HT conditions; ages scatter from 263 to 294 Ma, with a major cluster of data at ~ 276 Ma. In impure marble, U-Pb analyses of titanite domains (with variable Al and F contents) yield apparent 206Pb/238U dates range from Permian to Jurassic. Chemical and isotopic data suggest that titanite formed at Permian times and was then affected by (extension-related?) fluid circulation during the Triassic and Jurassic, which redistributed major elements (Al and F) and partially opened the U-Pb system. The Alpine cycle lead to early blueschist facies assemblages, which were partly overprinted under greenschist facies conditions. The strong Alpine compressional overprint disrupted the pre-Alpine structural imprint and/or reactivated earlier structures. The pre-Alpine metamorphic record, preserved in these slices of metasediments, reflects the onset of the Permo-Triassic lithospheric extension to Jurassic rifting.
ISSN: 0024-4937

hal-00758123
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00758123
DOI : 10.1016/j.lithos.2012.05.007

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Physiological Society
Résumé : International audience
Interleukin (IL)-33 is crucially involved in liver pathology and drives hepatoprotective functions. However, the regulation of IL-33 by cytokines of the IL-6 family, including oncostatin M (OSM) and IL-6, is not well studied. The aim of the present study was to determine whether OSM mediates regulation of IL-33 expression in liver cells. Intramuscular administration in mice of an adenovirus encoding OSM (AdOSM) leads to increase in expression of OSM in muscles, liver, and serum of AdOSM-infected mice compared with control mice. The increase of circulating OSM markedly regulated mRNA of genes associated with blood vessel biology, chemotaxis, cellular death, induction of cell adhesion molecules, and the alarmin cytokine IL-33 in liver. Steady-state IL-33 mRNA was upregulated by OSM at an early phase (8 h) following AdOSM infection. At the protein level, the expression of IL-33 was significantly induced in liver endothelial cells [liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) and vascular endothelial cells] with a peak at 8 days post-AdOSM infection in mice. In addition, we found OSM-stimulated human microvascular endothelial HMEC-1 cells and human LSEC/TRP3 cells showed a significant increase in expression of IL-33 mRNA in a dose-dependent manner in cell culture. The OSM-mediated overexpression of IL-33 was associated with the activation/enrichment of CD4(+)ST2(+) cells in liver of AdOSM-infected mice compared with adenovirus encoding green fluorescent protein-treated control mice. In summary, these data suggest that the cytokine OSM regulates the IL-33 expression in liver endothelial cells in vivo and in HMEC-1/TRP3 cells in vitro and may specifically expand the target CD4(+)ST2(+) cells in liver
ISSN: 0193-1857

hal-01220632
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01220632
DOI : 10.1152/ajpgi.00398.2014
PUBMED : 26251474

Éditeur(s) : American Geophysical Union
Résumé : The origins and fates of the Atlantic salinity maximum water (SMW), formed through excess evaporation in the tropics and subtropics of both hemispheres, are studied using monthly mean outputs of a numerical simulation of the world ocean climatological circulation. After defining formation domains from the surface salinity field and the vertical stratification, a Lagrangian technique is used to estimate the formation rates and main pathways in each hemisphere and the role of this water in the framework of the warm water return flow of the meridional overturning cell. Formation rates around 9 and 11 Sv are found in the Southern and Northern Hemispheres, respectively. While the export of the southern SMW from its formation area is realized by the western boundary currents, that of the northern SMW mainly results from interior subduction. Equatorward of the formation regions, a fraction of each SMW variety is entrained in the subtropical cells that connect the subtropics to the equatorial region. Poleward of them, both varieties are seen to feed the regions of subtropical mode water (STMW) formation around 35degrees of latitude in both hemispheres. The bulk of the transport associated with each variety eventually turns northward: This amounts to similar to6 Sv of southern SMW gathered in the North Brazil Undercurrent (NBUC), and similar to10 Sv of northern SMW found in the Gulf Stream at 35degreesN, of which 8 Sv have gone through the Caribbean Sea. Of the 13.4-Sv northward transport of the meridional overturning cell estimated by the model at 47degreesN, more than 50% (6.9 Sv) is found to have transited through at least one of the SMW regions. This gives an indication of the likely important role of SMW formation in the observed northward salinity increase of the upper Atlantic Ocean.
Journal of Geophysical Union - Research C - Oceans (0148-0227) (American Geophysical Union), 2002-09 , Vol. 107 , N. C10 , P. NIL_610-NIL_624

Droits : 2002 by the American Geophysical Union
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2002/publication-769.pdf
DOI:10.1029/2002JC001318
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/769/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Instituto de Medicina Tropical
Résumé : International audience
Malaria is a major health problem for people who live on the border between Brazil and French Guiana. Here we discuss Plasmodium vivax distribution pattern in the town of Oiapoque, Amapá State using the circumsporozoite (CS) gene as a marker. Ninety-one peripheral blood samples from P. vivax patients have been studied. Of these, 64 individuals were from the municipality of Oiapoque (Amapá State, Brazil) and 27 patients from French Guiana (August to December 2011). DNA extraction was performed, and a fragment of the P. vivax CS gene was subsequently analyzed using PCR/RFLP. The VK210 genotype was the most common in both countries (48.36% in Brazil and 14.28% in French Guiana), followed by the P. vivax-like (1.10% in both Brazil and French Guiana) and VK247 (1.10% only in Brazil) in single infections. We were able to detect all three CS genotypes simultaneously in mixed infections. There were no statistically significant differences either regarding infection site or parasitaemia among individuals with different genotypes. These results suggest that the same genotypes circulating in French Guiana are found in the municipality of Oiapoque in Brazil. These findings suggest that there may be a dispersion of parasitic populations occurring between the two countries. Most likely, this distribution is associated with prolonged and/or more complex transmission patterns of these genotypes in Brazil, bordering French Guiana.
ISSN: 0036-4665

inserm-01408935
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01408935
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01408935/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01408935/file/2016%2C%20Gomes%20-%20Evaluation%20of%20circumsporozoite%20protein%20of%20Plasmodium%20vivax.pdf
DOI : 10.1590/S1678-9946201658072

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
We investigate the contribution of atmospheric and its induced non-tidal oceanic loading effects on surface time-varying gravity and tilt measurements for several stations in Western Europe. The ocean response to pressure forcing can be modelled accordingly to the inverted barometer, i.e. assuming that air pressure variations are fully compensated by static sea height changes, or using ocean general circulation models.Wevalidate two runs of theHUGO-mbarotropic ocean model by comparing predicted sea surface height variations with hundred tide-gauge measurements along the European coasts. We then show that global surface pressure field, as well as a barotropic high-resolution ocean model forced by air pressure and winds allow in most cases a significant reduction of the variance of gravity residuals and, to a smaller extends tilt residuals. Wefinally show that precise gravity measurements with superconducting gravimeters allow the observation of large storm surges, occurring in the North Sea, even for inland stations. However, we also confirm that the continental hydrology contribution cannot be neglected. Thanks to their specific sensitivity feature, only tiltmeters closest to the coast can clearly detect the loading due to these storm surges.
ISSN: 0264-3707

hal-00708046
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00708046
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00708046/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00708046/file/ETS2008_BOY.pdf
BIBCODE : 2009JGeo...48..182B

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Sci Ltd
Résumé : The eastern Demerara Plateau offshore French Guiana was surveyed in 2003 during the GUYAPLAC cruise (multibeam bathymetry and acoustic imagery, 6-channel seismic reflection and 3.5 kHz echo-sounding). The data show the "post-transform" Cenozoic that the series located on the outer part of the plateau (below c. 2000 m) contain at least twelve stacked mass transport deposits (MTDs) that have recorded a history of large-scale slope failure, as well as two main normal fault sets that provide possible pathways for upward fluid migration through the series, reaching at high as the uppermost MTDs. Seabed data show that the area above the failures is characterized by circular-to-elongate (slope-parallel) depressions interpreted as fluid seeps (pockmarks), some of them have been modified by along slope currents. We suggest that the development of the MTDs to results from the combinaiton of the presence of fluid overpressure at depth the geometry of the margin's deep structure, in particular the existence of a 'free borderlateral border' on the outermost plateau. Our results also emphasise the role of stratigraphic decollements within the Cenozoic series.
Marine And Petroleum Geology (0264-8172) (Elsevier Sci Ltd), 2013-09 , Vol. 46 , P. 287-303

Droits : 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00157/26850/25316.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2013.06.010
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00157/26850/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioScientifica
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Differences in circulating steroid hormone levels have been hypothesized to explain ethnic differences in steroid-related diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the serum levels of a wide panel of steroid hormones, both androgens and estrogens, in healthy middle-aged African-Caribbean and European men. DESIGN AND METHODS: Serum steroid hormone levels were determined in men participating in a systematic public health study funded by the French National Health Insurance system. Blood was collected in the morning from 304 healthy African-Caribbean and European men aged between 40 and 69 years. Serum steroids were measured by mass spectrometry-gas chromatography, except for DHEAS and sex hormone-binding globulin, which were determined by RIA. Data were analyzed in 10-year age intervals by analysis of covariance, with adjustment for age, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and season of sampling. RESULTS: Compared with Europeans, African-Caribbean men presented significantly higher serum levels of measured bioavailable testosterone, 4-androstenedione (4-dione), and estrone (E1) regardless of the age group, of 5-androstenediol (5-diol) in those aged 40-49 and 50-59 years, and of testosterone (TT) and dihydrotestosterone in those aged 40-49 years. In contrast, European men aged 40-69 years showed significantly higher serum levels of DHEA and DHEAS. CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences in serum steroid hormone levels were observed in middle-aged African-Caribbean and European men. Whether such differences could contribute to ethnic differences in disease risk in adult men remains to be investigated. Some steroids, such as bioavailable TT, 4-dione, 5-diol, and E1, deserve particular attention.
ISSN: 0804-4643

hal-00876034
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00876034
DOI : 10.1530/EJE-11-0551
PUBMED : 21951700

Éditeur(s) : Amer Geophysical Union
Résumé : Hydrographic (0-1000 dbar) and direct current measurements (0-600 dbar) along 165-degrees-E (20-degrees-S-10-degrees-N) between January 1984 and July 1991 are used to investigate the mean circulation and its relationships with the distributions of salinity and potential vorticity on isopycnal surfaces. Less well documented mean sections along 142-degrees-E and 137-degrees-E are used to complement the 165-degrees-E analysis. The Equatorial Undercurrent is centered on the equator at 165-degrees-E and on 0.5-degrees-N at 142-degrees-E. No variation in its transport (15.0 x 10(6) m3 s-1) is found between those longitudes. We find indication of the Equatorial Undercurrent at 137-degrees-E-0.75-degrees-N in the geostrophic field. The northern and southern Subsurface Countercurrents are clearly identified by extrema of eastward velocity at 165-degrees-E around 3-degrees-N and 3-degrees-S (250 dbar). No evidence of a southern Subsurface Countercurrent is found at 142-degrees-E. At 137-degrees-E the northern Subsurface Countercurrent is not characterized by a local extrema of eastward velocity: the North Equatorial Countercurrent seems to extend from the surface to 400 dbar with a southward shift of its core. Analysis of the seasonal variability at 165-degrees-E indicates that the Equatorial Undercurrent transport increases by a factor 2 between January (10.7 x 10(6) m3 s-1) and July (21.5 x 10(6) m3 s-1) and the Equatorial Intermediate Current transport is halved (6.3 x 10(6) m3 s-1 in January, 3.5 x 10(6) m3 s-1 in July). hi contrast, the transport of the Subsurface Countercurrents does not vary substantially between those two months. The meridional distributions of salinity and potential vorticity show that the axes of the main eastward currents are associated with strong meridional property gradients, not with property extrema. The eastward currents thus represent a barrier to the northward extension of the high salinity Tropical Water. Relatively weak meridional gradients of salinity and potential vorticity are observed in the westward directed South Equatorial Current and Equatorial Intermediate Current.
Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans (0148-0227) (Amer Geophysical Union), 1993-12 , Vol. 98 , N. C12 , P. 22495-22520

Droits : 1993 by the American Geophysical Union.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00192/30346/29190.pdf
DOI:10.1029/93JC02513
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00192/30346/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy P - Oxford Open Option A Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
While the kinematics of Anatolia plate and the North Anatolian Fault System (NAFS) has been studied extensively, the slip rate and locking depth along the NAFS are usually assumed constant in the analyses due to the lack of sufficient data. This is also partly due to the reasonably good fit of Euler small circle and partly due to the lack of spatial resolution of observations to determine slip rates independently from locking depths. On the other hand, recent geodetic studies show a contrast for locking depth between Marmara and other parts of the NAFS, implying a non-uniform locking depth across the NAFS. In this study, we analyse new GPS data and homogenously combine available data sets covering the eastern part of the NAFS to form the most complete data set. In particular, we incorporate the first results of Turkish Real-Time Kinematic GPS Network (CORS-TR) into our data set. A detailed analysis of three profiles within the NAFS reveals an increase of locking depth in the middle profile to 19.1 ± 3.4 km from 11.9 ± 3.5 km in the easternmost profile while the slip rate is nearly constant (20–22 mm yr−1), which implies a variation of strain rate of ∼100 nanostrain yr−1. Assuming a constant locking depth throughout whole NAFS gives an average locking depth of 14.3 ± 1.7 km. Our best estimates of slip rates in block modelling which takes the variation of locking depths into account are in the range between 22.5 and 22.8 mm yr−1 over eastern part of the NAFS.
ISSN: 0956-540X

hal-01218392
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01218392
DOI : 10.1093/gji/ggv274

Résumé : Sommaire * Les objectifs................................2 * Les moyens d’observations et de prévisions de l’état des mers côtières........................................2 * Météo, état de mer et débits des fleuves..........................................4 * Circulation et masses d’eau côtières........................................5 * Production biologique..............13 * Les faits marquants..................15 * Glossaire....................................16

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00242/35356/33857.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00242/35356/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer
Résumé : The analysis of three different regions of the South- Pyrenean fold-and-thrust belt reveals that during the Tertiary compression the hydrological system was compartmentalised in time and space. During the early-middle Eocene, when the thrust front affected marine soft-sediments in the Ainsa basin, the thrust fault zones were dominated by formation fluids derived from Eocene marine waters trapped in the underlying Eocene marls, although influences of meteoric waters were also present. During the middle-late Eocene, when the thrust front emplaced marine rocks over continental redbeds in the eastern Catalan basin (L'Escala thrust), the thrust fault zones were dominated by meteoric fluids. These fluids flowed preferentially along these faults, draining laterally the meteoric fluids and acting as barriers hindering their flowing towards more external parts of the belt. During the Oligocene, the most external part of the fold-and-thrust belt in the eastern Catalan basin developed on top of a salt detachment horizon. The thrust front affected continental materials of late Eocene-Oligocene age. At this moment, the thrusts were conduits for meteoric fluids arriving from the surface and also for evolved meteoric fluids migrating over short distance upwards after being in contact with the underlying evaporitic beds. Most of the fractures show a similar sequence of microfractures. Microfractures of stage 1 formed when the sediment was poorly lithified. Microfractures of stage 2 represent the main episode of vein formation which developed when a progressive induration of the host sediment occurred. During microfracture stage 3, formed in an extensional regime, the host sediment was more indurated. The repetition of this sequence of microfractures in different fracture generations of the same outcrop indicates that the sediment induration was restricted to the vicinity of the vein. Away from the veins, the sediment remained poorly lithified during the entire deformation cycle. Calcite cement within the host rock precipitated later than the syn-compressive veins, when the sediment was more indurated. Elemental geochemistry and stable isotopes of the calcite veins indicates that early generation of microfractures is infilled by local fluids (either marine or meteoric), whereas external fluids (meteoric or evolved meteoric) infilled the main compressive stage of microfractures. The hot temperature of these fluids (157°C to 183°C in the Atiart-Arro example) indicates their circulation through deep parts of the thrust belt. The progressive increase of the 87Sr/86Sr ratio through time is due to the progressive uplift, exposure and erosion of the internal Pyrenean Axial Zone.
Thrust belts and foreland basins, from fold kinematics to hydrocarbon systems

hal-00408001
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00408001
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-69426-7_5

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is the most frequent genetic haemoglobinopathy, which exhibits a highly variable clinical course characterized by hyper-coagulable and pro-inflammatory states, as well as endothelial dysfunction. Extracellular microvesicles are released into biological fluids and play a role in modifying the functional phenotype of target cells. We hypothesized that potential differences in plasma-derived extracellular microvesicles (EV) function and cargo from SCA patients may underlie divergent clinical trajectories. Plasma EV from SCA patients with mild, intermediate and severe clinical disease course were isolated, and primary endothelial cell cultures were exposed. Endothelial cell activation, monocyte adhesion, barrier disruption and exosome cargo (microRNA microarrays) were assessed. EV disrupted the endothelial barrier and induced expression of adhesion molecules and monocyte adhesion in a SCA severity-dependent manner compared to healthy children. Microarray approaches identified a restricted signature of exosomal microRNAs that readily distinguished severe from mild SCA, as well as from healthy children. The microRNA candidates were further validated using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction assays, and revealed putative gene targets. Circulating exosomal microRNAs may play important roles in predicting the clinical course of SCA, and in delineation of individually tailored, mechanistically-based clinical treatment approaches of SCA patients in the near future.
ISSN: 0007-1048

hal-01668328
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01668328
DOI : 10.1111/bjh.14104

Éditeur(s) : Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd
Résumé : We report rare earth element (REE) and neodymium (Nd) isotope data for the organic fraction of sediments collected from various depositional environments, i.e. rivers (n=25), estuaries (n=18), open-ocean settings (n=15), and cold seeps (n=12). Sedimentary Organic Matter (SOM) was extracted using a mixed hydrogen peroxide/nitric acid solution (20%-H2O2 – 0.02M-HNO3), after removal of carbonate and oxy-hydroxide phases with dilute hydrochloric acid (0.25M-HCl). A series of experimental tests indicate that extraction of sedimentary organic compounds using H202 may be complicated occasionally by partial dissolution of sulphide minerals and residual carbonates. However, this contamination is expected to be minor for REE because measured concentrations in H2O2 leachates are about two-orders of magnitude higher than in the above mentioned phases. The mean REE concentrations determined in the H2O2 leachates for samples from rivers, estuaries, coastal seas and open-ocean settings yield relatively similar levels, with ΣREE = 109 ± 86 ppm (mean ± s; n=58). The organic fractions leached from cold seep sediments display even higher concentration levels (285 ± 150 ppm; mean ± s; n=12). The H2O2 leachates for most sediments exhibit remarkably similar shale-normalized REE patterns, all characterized by a mid-REE enrichment compared to the other REE. This suggests that the distribution of REE in leached sedimentary organic phases is controlled primarily by biogeochemical processes, rather than by the composition of the source from which they derive (e.g. pore, river or sea- water). The Nd isotopic compositions for organic phases leached from river sediments are very similar to those for the corresponding detrital fractions. In contrast, the SOM extracted from marine sediments display εNd values that typically range between the εNd signatures for terrestrial organic matter (inferred from the analysis of the sedimentary detrital fractions) and marine organic matter (inferred from the analysis of local surface seawater). A notable exception is the case of organic matter (OM) fractions leached from cold seep sediment samples, which sometimes exhibit εNd values markedly different from both terrigenous and surface seawater signatures. This suggests that a significant fraction of organic compounds in these sediments may be derived from chemosynthetic processes, recycling pore water REE characterized by a distinct isotopic composition. Overall, our results confirm that organic matter probably plays an important role in the oceanic REE budget, through direct scavenging and remineralization within the water column. Both the high REE abundances and the shape of shale-normalized patterns for leached SOM also suggest that OM degradation in sub-surface marine sediments during early diagenesis could control, to a large extent, the distribution of REE in pore waters. Benthic fluxes of organic-bound REE could hence substantially contribute to the exchange processes between particulates and seawater that take place at ocean margins. Neodymium isotopes could provide useful information for tracing the origin (terrestrial versus marine) and geographical provenance of organic matter, with potential applications in paleoceanography. In particular, future studies should further investigate the potential of Nd isotopes in organic compounds preserved in sedimentary records for reconstructing past variations of surface ocean circulation.
Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta (0016-7037) (Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd), 2014-09 , Vol. 140 , P. 177-198

Droits : 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00191/30250/28682.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.gca.2014.05.016
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00191/30250/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Presses universitaires du sport
Résumé : International audience
The institutional changes interrogate the structuration of the collective organisation modalities in particular in the development of sports practices for disabled people. The phenomenon of circularity between global and local logics has to be taken into account in the analysis of institutions and gives to these ones a multidimensional character (Fossier & Monet, 2009). This work studies various local modalities of organization to enlighten foreground institutional stakes which are in process. For that purpose, we made a compared historical monograph of two Guadeloupians associations which develop sports practices for the physical disabled people. The hypothesis would be that these various Handisport organizations do not aim the same object to be established. The characteristics of these associations show that through the modalities of organization deceive underground divergent institutional stakes in particular about the definition of social places of physical disabled people.
Les transformations institutionnelles questionnent la structuration des modes d’organisation collective notamment dans le développement des pratiques sportives pour les personnes handicapées. Le phénomène de circularité entre des logiques globales et des logiques locales est à prendre en compte dans l’analyse des institutions et donne à ces dernières un caractère multidimensionnel (Fossier & Monet, 2009). Ce travail se propose d’étudier différents modes d’organisation locaux afin de faire émerger les enjeux institutionnels sous-jacents qui sont à l’oeuvre. Pour cela, nous avons effectué une monographie historique comparée de deux associations guadeloupéennes qui développent les pratiques sportives à l’intention des personnes déficientes physiques. L’hypothèse de travail est que ces différentes organisations Handisport ne visent pas le même objet à instituer. Les caractéristiques de ces associations montrent qu’à travers les modes d’organisation se dévoilent des enjeux institutionnels divergents qui portent notamment sur la définition des places sociales des personnes handicapées physiques.
ISSN: 1297-8019

hal-01681887
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01681887

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde
Résumé : International audience
A cross section of a human population (501 individuals) selected at random, and living in a Bolivian community, highly endemic for Chagas disease, was investigated combining together clinical, parasitological and molecular approaches. Conventional serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) indicated an active transmission of the infection, a high seroprevalence (43.3%) ranging from around 12% in < 5 years to 94.7% in > 45 years, and a high sensitivity (83.8%) and specificity of PCR. Abnormal ECG tracing was predominant in chagasic patients and was already present among individuals younger than 13 years. SAPA (shed acute phase antigen) recombinant protein and the synthetic peptide R-13 were used as antigens in ELISA tests. The reactivity of SAPA was strongly associated to Trypanosoma cruzi infection and independent of the age of the patients but was not suitable neither for universal serodiagnosis nor for discrimination of specific phases of Chagas infection. Anti-R-13 response was observed in 27.5% only in chagasic patients. Moreover, anti-R13 reactivity was associated with early infection and not to cardiac pathology. This result questioned previous studies, which considered the anti-R-13 response as a marker of chronic Chagas heart disease. The major clonets 20 and 39 (belonging to Trypanosoma cruzi I and T. cruzi II respectively) which circulate in equal proportions in vectors of the studied area, were identified in patients' blood by PCR. Clonet 39 was selected over clonet 20 in the circulation whatever the age of the patient. The only factor related to strain detected in patients' blood, was the anti-R-13 reactivity: 37% of the patients infected by clonet 39 (94 cases) had anti-R13 antibodies contrasting with only 6% of the patients without clonet 39 (16 cases).
ISSN: 0074-0276

hal-01256421
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01256421
DOI : 10.1590/S0074-02762002000300002
IRD : fdi:010029219
PUBMED : 12048553