Éditeur(s) : Université de La Rochelle
Résumé : Shrimp aquaculture in New Caledonia is a developing industry, exclusively based on the species Litopenaeus stylirostris. However, it is subject to mortalities during grow out as observed all over the world. Since 1993, shrimp reared during the cold period are affected by a disease named "syndrome 93". As a consequence, the whole industry has become seasonal and produces essentially during the warm season. The climatic conditions during the periods of transition between the two main seasons could be responsible for an environmental stress and the origin reason for mortality outbreaks. Stocking density is the main risk factor. It increases the probability of the appearance and development of the epizooty in the pond. The "Summer Syndrome", a septicemic vibriosis caused by Vibrio nigripulchritudo, was identified for the first time in December 1997 in an intensive shrimp farm (DF). It has become enzootic ever since and is expressed after 50d of rearing. Since 2003, two others farms located near DF have developed the disease. As a consequence, the summer syndrome is considered to be a potential threat for all the industry. Between 1991 and 2005, the increase of feed input and nitrogen levels in feed has led to a significant increase in the growth rate over the years in the farms affected by the disease. In consequence, an early eutrophication of the water is observed, which is concomitant with the beginning of the mortality outbreaks. An early eutrophication and the virulence level of the pathogen are considered as the main risk factors of the disease. Factors may act synergistically to explain the summer syndrome. As part of a multidisciplinary approach (pathology – physiology – environment), two high-frequency surveys were carried out to analyse the pond ecosystem. Since the feed quantity increases with the biomass of shrimp, the eutrophication level of the pond ecosystem will also tend to increase with the duration of rearing. During the first part of the rearing, the abundance of each picoplankton type is exceptionally high and picophytoplankton dominated the autotrophic compartment. The nanophytoplankton dominated the second part of the rearing and was more unstable. The shift from pico to nanophytoplankton could be considered as an environmental stress and was observed in relation to the beginning of the mortalities, whatever the disease. Shift intensity could play a role by inducing directly or indirectly a stress for shrimp and/or a growth and/or virulence factors of the pathogen. Results from sediment studies show that mortality was best characterized by TAN concentration in pore water and even more when the TAN concentration was high. TAN and pH are potential stress factors for shrimp reared in ponds affected by these diseases.
L'aquaculture mondiale de crevettes est un secteur à très forte croissance. Toutefois, les problèmes liés aux maladies dans les élevages ne cessent d'augmenter depuis 1980. Au cours du développement de la filière de Nouvelle-Calédonie, deux épisodes saisonniers de mortalités associées à la présence de Vibrio pathogènes sont apparus et ont fortement perturbé les techniques et les schémas de production. Les premières mortalités hivernales, décrites sous le nom de « syndrome 93 » ont été observées en mai 1993. Elles ont affecté depuis tous les élevages de saison froide de toutes les fermes de production. Les conditions climatiques pendant les périodes de transitions entre les deux principales saisons caractérisant le climat de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, seraient responsables d'un stress environnemental à l'origine du déclenchement du syndrome 93. La densité initiale d'ensemencement, apparaît comme le principal facteur de risque, augmentant la probabilité d'apparition de la maladie et l'ampleur de ses effets. Le « syndrome d'été » a été identifié pour la première fois en 1997 dans une ferme pratiquant une production intensive. Il s'est déclaré depuis 2003 dans deux autres fermes géographiquement proches. Les mortalités apparaissent 58 jours en moyenne après l'ensemencement des post-larves dans les bassins. La recherche d'une croissance maximale des animaux a induit, avec les années, une intensification progressive du système caractérisée par une augmentation de la quantité d'aliment distribuée. L'examen des données historiques fait apparaître une eutrophisation du milieu de plus en plus précoce concomitante au déclenchement des mortalités. En l'état actuel de nos connaissances, cette évolution précoce de l'écosystème en présence de façon récurrente de la souche hautement pathogène du Vibrio incriminé et à une période où la fréquence des mues des crevettes est élevée, constitue le principal facteur de risque de la maladie. Avec l'apport croissant en aliment, la colonne d'eau évolue vers une autotrophie croissante alors que le sédiment devient de plus en plus hétérotrophe au fur et à mesure que l'élevage progresse. Au cours du processus d'eutrophisation, le compartiment autotrophe montre une succession de deux assemblages. Le picophytoplancton domine sur la première partie de l'élevage et laisse place à du nanophytoplancton en seconde partie. Cette phase de transition, concomitante à l'apparition des mortalités quel que soit le syndrome, caractérise un stress environnemental dont l'intensité pourrait favoriser ou non le déclenchement des mortalités. Les suivis de différents indicateurs dans les sédiments - pH, potentiel d'oxydoréduction et concentration en ammoniaque dans l'eau interstitielle – indiquent dans les bassins déclarant les épizooties des conditions qui ont été définies expérimentalement comme potentiellement plus stressantes pour les animaux.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/these-2643.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/2643/

Résumé : The New-Caledonian shrimp industry is based on the controlled reproduction of the shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris, a species which was introduced in the 80s. The major difficulty to which the industry has been faced for 10 years is the occurrence of the “Syndrome 93”, which corresponds to mortality phases when the temperature falls down in April-May-June. This mortality is associated to the pathogenic bacteria Vibrio penaecida. An experiment of genetic selection based on the criterion ofsurvival to Syndrome 93 has been conducted at the Laboratory of Aquaculture of New Caledonia. The 3rd selected generation had demonstrated very encouraging results (survival rates improved by around 20% in experimental infections with V. penaeicida). These results have not been confirmed at the 4th generation and no difference in terms of physiology and immunology appears between the selected population and the non-selected control population. The potential causes of these results are examined and proposals for protocol improvements are given.
La filière crevette de Nouvelle-Calédonie reposesur la maîtrise de la reproduction contrôlée de la crevette Litopenaeus stylirostris, espèce introduite dans les années 1980. La difficulté majeure que rencontre la filière depuis une dizaine d’années est la récurrence du « Syndrome 93 », qui s’exprime sous forme d’épisodes de mortalités lors des baisses de température aux intersaisons. Ces mortalités sont associées à la bactérie pathogène Vibrio penaeicida Une expérience de sélection sur un critère de survie à des épisodes de Syndrome 93 a été menée au Laboratoire Aquacole de Calédonie. La 3èmegénération sélectionnée avait montré des résultats très encourageants (survies améliorées de l’ordre de 20% lors d’infections expérimentales à V. penaeicida). Ces résultats ne sont pas confirmés en 4ème génération et aucune différence en termes physio-et immunologique n’apparaît entre la population sélectionnée et la population témoin non sélectionnée. Les causes potentielles de ces résultats sont examinées et des propositions d’amélioration de protocoles sont avancées.

Droits : 2004 Université de la Rochelle, Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00204/31527/29943.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00204/31527/

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : In New Caledonia, the "syndrome 93," which results in mass mortalities of farmed shrimp Penaeus stylirostris, occurs during the transitional and the cold seasons. The transitional season is characterized by an important fall in the average water temperature from 28 to 19 degreesC in 2 weeks. Besides this marked temperature fall, there are also nyctemeral temperature changes of up to 7 degreesC in 12 h. The cold season is characterized by an average water temperature of 19 degreesC with extreme lows of 14 degreesC. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of temperature and its variations on the osmoregulatory capacity of juvenile (7-10 g average weight) and subadult (25 g average weight) shrimps subjected to conditions of different salinity. A reduction in temperature level resulted in a decreased osmoregulatory capacity (OC) (defined as the difference between the osmolality of the haemolymph and that of sea water) at low salinity (hyper-CO) and at high salinity (hypo-CO), respectively, below and above the isoosmotic point (26.2 ppt). In subadult shrimps, the hyper-CO was affected when temperature dropped from 26 to 22 degreesC. The hypo-CO was modified only when temperature decreased down to 15 degreesC. Furthermore, the sensitiveness of osmoregulation to temperature changes was dependent on the developmental stage of the shrimp. Subadults were more sensitive than juvenile animals. The value of the isoosmotic point, which did not depend on the shrimp developmental stage, increased when temperature decreased to 17 or 15 degreesC. Our results provide an additional explanation of the "syndrome 93" and display the unfavourable influence of marked temperature drop on shrimp health. Our research could provide a possibility of seeking a nutritional and/or genetic solution to improve the capacity of the shrimps to maintain their homeostasis within a rearing medium with fluctuating temperatures.
Aquaculture (0044-8486) (Elsevier), 2002-06 , Vol. 209 , N. 1-4 , P. 307-317

Droits : 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2002/publication-395.pdf
DOI:10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00756-6
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/395/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: This study examines gene-environment interaction between the MTHFR C667T polymorphism and folic acid in the etiology of orofacial clefts (OFC). We used a pooled-analytical approach on four studies that used similar methods. METHODS: We used logistic regression to analyze the pooled sample of 1149 isolated cases and 1161 controls. Fetal and maternal MTHFR C677T genotypes, and maternal periconceptional exposure to smoking, alcohol, vitamin containing folic acid and folic acid supplements were contrasted between the cleft types [non-syndromic clefts lip or without cleft palate (CL(P)) and non-syndromic cleft palate (CP)] and control groups. RESULTS: There was a reduced risk of CL(P) with maternal folic acid use (p = 0.008; OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.65-0.94) and with supplements containing folic acid (p = 0.028, OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.65-0.94). Maternal smoking increased the risk of both CL(P) (p < 10 e-3; OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.35-1.95) and CP (p = 0.028; OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.04-1.83). No significant risk was observed with either maternal or fetal MTHFR C677T genotypes. CONCLUSION: This individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis affords greater statistical power and can help alleviate the problems associated with aggregate-level data-sharing. The result of this IPD meta-analysis is consistent with previous reports suggesting that folic acid and smoking influence OFC outcomes.
ISSN: 1542-0752

hal-00875899
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875899
DOI : 10.1002/bdra.23133
PUBMED : 23670871

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
INTRODUCTION: The syndrome of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is characterized by imaging features consisting of the association of centrilobular and/or paraseptal emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis. Virtually all patients are smokers and thus at high risk of developing lung cancer. METHODS: This retrospective multicentre study was conducted by the Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Maladies "Orphelines" Pulmonaires (GERM"O"P). RESULTS: A total of 47 patients presenting with lung cancer and CPFE syndrome were identified. All patients were smokers, with a mean of 47 pack-years. A pathological diagnosis of lung cancer was obtained for 38 (81%) patients. Histological type was squamous cell carcinoma in 17 (36%) patients, adenocarcinoma in 14 (30%), non-small-cell lung cancer not otherwise specified in three (6%), small-cell lung cancer in three (6%), and sarcomatoid carcinoma in one (2%). Overall, 20 of the 47 patients could not receive standard-of-care treatment for lung cancer, as per international recommendations or guidelines; this limitation was considered to be directly related to the CPFE syndrome in eight (40%) cases. CONCLUSION: Lung cancer in patients with CPFE syndrome represents a specific entity with a poor prognosis, that further represents the most characteristic and severe model of tobacco-related disease.
Journal of Thoracic Oncology: Official Publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer

hal-01063912
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01063912
DOI : 10.1097/JTO.0000000000000209
PUBMED : 25157769

Éditeur(s) : Inter-research
Résumé : Vibriosis is a major disease problem in shrimp aquaculture. 'Syndrome 93' is a seasonal juvenile vibriosis caused by Vibrio penaeicida which affects Litopenaeus stylirostris in grow-out ponds in New Caledonia. This study assessed the toxic activities of extracellular products (ECPs) from V: penaeicida, V. alginolyticus and V, nigripulchritudo using in vivo injections in healthy juvenile L. stylirostris (= Penaeus stylirostris) and in vitro assays on shrimp primary cell cultures and the fish cell line epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC). Toxic effects of ECPs were demonstrated for all pathogenic Vibrio strains tested both in vivo and in vitro, but for shrimp only; no effect was observed on the fish cell line. ECP toxicity for New Caledonian V. penaeicida was found only after cultivation at low temperature (20 degrees C) and not at higher temperature (30 degrees C). This points to the fact that 'Syndrome 93' episodes are triggered by temperature drops. The assays used here demonstrate the usefulness of primary shrimp cell cultures to study virulence mechanisms of shrimp pathogenic bacteria.
Diseases Of Aquatic Organisms (0177-5103) (Inter-research), 2000-03 , Vol. 40 , N. 2 , P. 101-107

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/10543/7600.pdf
DOI:10.3354/dao040101
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/10543/

Résumé : The New-Caledonian shrimp industry is based on the controlled reproduction of the shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris, a species which was introduced in the 80s. The major difficulty to which the industry has been faced for 10 years is the occurrence of the "syndrome 93", which corresponds to mortality phases when the temperature falls down in April-May-June. This mortality is associated to the pathogenic bacteria Vibrio penaecida and is expressed at different levels which are variable from year ta year and from pond to pond. No resistance to this pathology has been developed spontaneously. This is likely due to the protocole used to rear spawners, which does not allow to implement an efficient selective pressure at each generation An experimental selection on the criteria of survival after picks of syndrome 93 has been conducted at the Laboratoire Aquacole de Calédonie. The 3rd selected generation demonstrates survival rates improved by 20% during experimental infections with V. penaeicida in comparison with a non selected control population of same genetic origin. The comparison of the correlated responses on the level of expression of 5 genes which are potentially implicated in immunity phenomena (Peneidins, lysozyme, transglutaminase. profiline, annexine) shows that the selected population has a level of expression in lyzozyme twice higher than the control population. This result suggests that the lysozyme could be a genetic marker which could be used in a selective breeding program to he developed in relation with the private hatcheries.
La filière crevette de Nouvelle-Calédonie repose sur la maîtrise de la reproduction contrôlée de la crevette Litopenaeus stylirostris, espèce introduite dans les années 80. La difficulté majeure que rencontre la filière depuis une dizaine d'années est la récurrence du « syndrome 93 », qui correspond à des épisodes de mortalités lors des baisses de température en avril-mai-juin. Ces mortalités sont associées à la bactérie pathogène Vibrio penaeicida et s'expriment à des niveaux d'intensité variable d'une année à l'autre et d'un bassin à l'autre. Aucune résistance vis-à-vis de cette pathologie ne s'est développée spontanément. Ceci est vraisemblablement lié au protocole employé pour l'élevage des géniteurs qui ne permet pas d'exercer une pression de sélection efficace à chaque génération. Une expérience de sélection sur un critère de survie à des épisodes de syndrome 93 a été menée au Laboratoire Aquacole de Calédonie. La 3ème génération sélectionnée montre des survies améliorées de l'ordre de 20% lors d'infections expérimentales à V. penaeicida par rapport à une population témoin non sélectionnée de même origine génétique. La comparaison des réponses corrélées sur le niveau d'expression de 5 gènes potentiellement impliqués dans les phénomènes de défense immunitaire (penaeidine, lysozyme, transglutaminase, profiline, annexine) montre que la population sélectionnée a un niveau d'expression en lysozyme deux fois plus élevé que la population témoin. Ce résultat suggère que le lysozyme pourrait être un marqueur génétique utilisable dans un programme de sélection à développer en relation avec les écloseries de production.

Droits : 2003 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00109/22020/19643.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00109/22020/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD IOS Press
Résumé : International audience
The hematocrit-to-viscosity ratio (HVR) has been widely used has an estimate of red blood cell (RBC) oxygen transport effectiveness into the microvasculature or as an oxygen delivery index. However, no study investigated the possibility of HVR to truly reflect RBC oxygen transport effectiveness or to be an oxygen delivery index. We measured blood viscosity at high shear rate (225 s-1), hematocrit, HVR, as well as the microvascular oxyhemoglobin saturation (TOI; tissue oxygen index) by spatial resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) at cerebral and muscle levels in three population known to have various degrees of hemorheological abnormalities: healthy subjects (AA), patients with sickle cell SC disease (SC) characterized by moderate anemia and patients with sickle cell anemia (SS) marked by severe anemia. At both the cerebral and muscle level, HVR was positively correlated with TOI (r = 0.28; p = 0.03 and r = 0.38; p = 0.003, at the cerebral and muscle level, respectively). These findings suggest that HVR probably play a key role in blood flow and hemodynamic regulation in the microvasculature, hence modulating the amount of oxygen available for tissues. Nevertheless, the strengths of the associations are weak (R2 < 0.50), suggesting that other determinants modulate microvascular blood flow and oxygenation, such as vascular geometry and vasomotor reserve.
ISSN: 1386-0291

inserm-01081701
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01081701
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01081701/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01081701/file/2013%2C%20Waltz%20-%20Is%20there%20a%20relationship%20between%20the%20hematocrit-to-viscosity%20ratio%20and%20microvascular%20oxygenation%20in%20brain%20and%20muscle.pdf
PUBMED : 23719422

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
Résumé : International audience
Among 103 patients with multidrug-resistant HIV who initiated raltegravir, etravirine, and darunavir/ritonavir-containing regimen in the ANRS 139 TRIO trial, 100 participated in extended follow-up and continued study treatment until week 96. Among them, 87 (87%) received an optimized background therapy including either nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors or enfuvirtide, they were 78 (78%) at week 96. At week 96, 88% achieved durable virologic response (<50 copies/mL). CD4 response was maintained (median change of +150 cells/mm(3)). No major toxicity was reported. This triple drug combination showed sustained efficacy and thus should be strongly considered for patients with multiclass-resistant virus.
ISSN: 1525-4135

hal-00875207
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875207
DOI : 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31824bb720
PUBMED : 22293546

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Leishmania parasites induce an immunomodulation by subverting the host immune response towards a CD4(+) Th2 lymphocytic cell response that favors parasite persistence. Here, we report that after successful treatment of visceral leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum, an immune reconstitution syndrome revealing hip septic arthritis was associated with a switch from Th2 towards a Th1 cytokine profile, and a decrease in the level of immunomodulating factors, such as soluble HLA-G and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity. We then measured IDO activity in a cohort of 39 patients and uninfected control subjects. Results showed significantly enhanced IDO activity in patients with visceral Leishmania infection, compared with uninfected control subjects (P < 0.001), but also compared with treated patients (P < 0.05). A decrease in IDO activity could constitute a relevant biomarker for the restoration of the immune response during visceral leishmaniasis.
Innate Immunity

inserm-00818884
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00818884
DOI : 10.1177/1753425912473170
PUBMED : 23413147

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Masson
Résumé : National audience
Objectif Analyser les caractéristiques virologiques et les complications des syndromes grippaux chez les diabétiques en période hivernale. Patients et Méthodes Étude conduite dans 6 hôpitaux (Montpellier, Lyon, Cochin, Bichat, Limoges, Rennes) au cours de 3 saisons grippales (2012-2013, 2013-2014 et 2014-2015), sur 1 451 adultes hospitalisés avec syndrome grippal récent (début ≤ 7 jours), associant un signe respiratoire (toux, dys-pnée) et un signe systémique (fièvre, céphalées, malaise, myalgies). Les virus respiratoires étaient recherchés par RT-PCR sur prélèvement naso-pharyngé ou LBA (Centre National de Référence, Lyon). La vaccination anti-grippale, la présence d'un diabète, les comorbidités, les complications en cours d'hospitalisation (insuffisance rénale, cardiaque, respiratoire, pneumonie, décès) et la durée moyenne de séjour (DMS) étaient enregistrées. Les facteurs de risque de complications ont été étudiés par régression logistique multivariée ajustée sur âge, sexe, infection grippale, vaccination, diabète et antécédents de pathologies rénale, cardiaque ou respiratoire. Résultats Les hospitalisations ont eu lieu dans des services de maladies respiratoires, médecine interne, MIT et réanimation. Un diabète était présent chez 368 sujets (non traités : 15 %, ADO : 41 %, insuline : 27 %, mixte : 17 %). Les diabétiques étaient plus âgés (71 ± 15 vs 65 ± 20 ans, P < 0,001) et présentaient plus souvent un antécédent de pathologie rénale (18 % vs 8 %, P < 0,00001) ou cardiaque (19 % vs 11 %, P < 0,001). Leur couverture vaccinale était meilleure (60 % vs 46 %). Les données virologiques étaient comparables : grippe 38,9 % (76,1 % type A) vs 39,2 % ; (74,1 % type A) ; autres virus respiratoires : 17,0 % vs 19,9 %. La DMS était un peu plus élevée chez les diabétiques (9,1 ± 9 vs 8,9 ± 11, P = 0,015), avec une tendance à un risque de décès plus élevé (6,25 % vs 3,97 %, P 0,07). En analyse multivariée, le diabète était un facteur de risque de complications à type d'insuffisance rénale (OR : 1,66, IC 95 % : 1,10-2,52) mais pas d'insuffisance cardiaque, respiratoire ou de décès. Les complications n'étaient pas modi-fiées par les résultats virologiques. Conclusions Le diabète est un facteur de risque de complications rénales chez les patients hospitalisés avec syndrome grippal
ISSN: 1262-3636

hal-01300779
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01300779
DOI : 10.1016/S1262-3636(16)30020-9

Résumé : Selective breeding of shrimp for viral resistance is established for species like L. vannamei and L. stylirostris. However, selection for bacterial infection resistance is not documented. In New Caledonia, "Syndrome 93" is a vibriosis that affects cultured shrimps during the cool season with survival from 15 to 30%. Current practises for breeders rearing at low densities do not improve the resistance of the offsprings mainly because selection pressures for "Syndrome 93" are low. Even after the fifth generation, survival improvement is not significant.
La sélection génétique de lignées de crevettes résistantes à certains virus a démontré son efficacité en particulier chez L. vannamei et L. stylirostris. En revanche, la sélection de crevettes résistantes à une bactérie du genre Vibrio est peu documentée. En Nouvelle-Calédonie, le « Syndrome 93 », vibriose à V. penaeicida, affecte toutes les fermes de crevettes L. stylirostris lors des élevages de saison fraîche. Les survies en bassins de grossissement, de l’ordre de 40 à 60% dans un élevage sain, tombent à des valeurs de 15 à 30%. L’élevage de géniteurs à faible densité, s’il maximise les performances de reproduction, ne semble pas optimiser la qualité de la descendance du fait des faibles pressions de sélection qui s’exercent vis-à-vis du syndrome 93. Les améliorations significatives du nombre d’animaux survivant aux infections et aux épisodes de mortalité en bassin restent faibles en valeur absolue à la 5ème génération de sélection expérimentale en conditions d’élevage, mais sur le long terme la stratégie testée pourrait se révéler économiquement efficace.

Droits : 2005 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00117/22848/20658.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00117/22848/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Diabetes Association
Résumé : International audience
OBJECTIVE: To compare incidences and risk factors for diabetes using seven definitions, with combinations of pharmacological treatment, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥7.0 mmol/L, and HbA(1c) ≥6.5%. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Participants aged 30-65 years from the Data from an Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (DESIR) cohort were followed for 9 years. RESULTS: More men had incident diabetes as defined by FPG ≥7.0 mmol/L and/or treatment than by HbA(1c) ≥6.5% and/or treatment: 7.5% (140/1,867) and 5.3% (99/1,874), respectively (P < 0.009); for women incidences were similar: 3.2% (63/1,958) and 3.4% (66/1,954). Known risk factors predicted diabetes for almost all definitions. Among those with incident diabetes by FPG alone versus HbA(1c) alone, there were more men (78 vs. 35%), case patients were 8 years younger, and fewer were alcohol abstainers (12 vs. 35%) (all P < 0.005). A diabetes risk score discriminated well between those with and without incident diabetes for all definitions. CONCLUSIONS: In men, FPG definitions yielded more incident cases of diabetes than HbA(1c) definitions, in contrast with women. An FPG-derived risk score remained relevant for HbA(1c)-defined diabetes.
Diabetes Care

inserm-00739799
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00739799
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00739799/document
DOI : 10.2337/dc10-1581
PUBMED : 21346181

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Masson
Résumé : National audience
Introduction Les télomérases sont les enzymes assurant la synthèse des télomères, séquences d’ADN essentiels dans la protection des chromosomes. Les mutations des télomérases sont responsables, entre autres, d’anomalies hématologiques, pulmonaires (fibrose pulmonaire idiopathique) et hépatiques. Il n’y a que peu de données dans la littérature concernant les résultats des transplantations pulmonaires chez ces patients mutés. Cas clinique Nous rapportons le cas d’un jeune homme de 39 ans, souffrant de syndrome myélodysplasique associé à une fibrose pulmonaire, permettant de poser le diagnostic de téloméropathie (mutation de la sous-unité ARN ou TERC ; r.182delG, pseudoknot area). L’insuffisance médullaire est sévère : leucopénie à 1,3 G/L dont 0,54 G/L de PNN, anémie macrocytaire (Hb à 10,3 g/dL ; VGM à 120 fL) et thombopénie à 27 G/L. Le syndrome restrictif est également sévère avec une CPT à 60 % et une CVF à 82 % de la valeur prédite (% pred). Il s’associe à une altération de la membrane alvéolo-capillaire (DLCO corrigée sur l’hémoglobine à 31 % pred). Le patient a été récusé à la fois pour la transplantation médullaire et pour la transplantation pulmonaire malgré son jeune âge. La prise en charge est donc palliative : réhabilitation respiratoire, oxygénothérapie, puis nintedanib. Discussion Dans la littérature, les transplantations médullaires chez les patients présentant une mutation des télomérases s’associent à une dégradation de la fonction respiratoire, en lien avec la toxicité des traitements immunosuppresseurs, même en l’absence d’atteinte pulmonaire initiale. Par ailleurs, les complications infectieuses et hématologiques post-transplantations pulmonaires chez ces patients mutés semblent plus fréquentes et nécessitent souvent une adaptation des traitements anti-rejets. Ces risques post-transplantations paraissent plus importants en présence d’une thrombopénie sévère préopératoire. Ces données sont cependant limitées à trois études rétrospectives de petites tailles. Au total, ce jeune patient a été jugé inéligible à la transplantation médullaire et à la transplantation pulmonaire, respectivement à cause de l’insuffisance respiratoire et de l’insuffisance médullaire. Il est émis l’hypothèse que l’allègement de la thérapie immunosuppressive pourrait améliorer le devenir des patients mutés transplantés, sans majorer le risque de rejet, illustrant le concept d’immunosénescence. Mais cette hypothèse reste à être validée. Ce cas clinique souligne l’importance de reconnaître les signes évocateurs de téloméropathie, dans la mesure où le diagnostic impacte la prise en charge de la fibrose pulmonaire
ISSN: 0761-8425

hal-01334065
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01334065
DOI : 10.1016/j.rmr.2016.04.018

Éditeur(s) : Inter-Research
Résumé : Experimental infections of Penaeus (Litopenaeus) stylirostris were performed with a Vibrio penaeicida strain (AM101) isolated in New Caledonia from Syndrome 93 diseased shrimp. Cumulative mortalities resulting from intramuscular injection or immersion of shrimp in bacterial suspensions demonstrated high virulence for this bacterial strain and suggested that V. penaeicida could be the etiological agent of Syndrome 93. The median lethal dose (LD50) for AM101 was 1.3 x 104 CFU (colony forming units) ml-1 by immersion and less than 5 CFU shrimp-1 by intramuscular challenge, with mortality outbreaks at 48 and 22 h after challenge, respectively. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection assay using a primer set designed from the 16S ribosomal RNA gene of V. penaeicida was developed. It gave an expected amplicon of approximately 310 bp in ethidium bromide-stained agarose gels. The specificity of these primers was assessed with different Vibrio species. Furthermore, DNA extracted by the ChelexTM method could be used to detect fewer than 20 cultured Vibrio cells in seawater or shrimp hemolymph by this assay. It appears to be a reliable screening method for detecting V. penaeicida in shrimp and from the aquatic environment.
Diseases of aquatic organisms (0177-5103) (Inter-Research), 2000-03 , Vol. 49 , N. 2 , P. 109-115

Droits : Inter-Research 2000
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2000/publication-4436.pdf
DOI:10.3354/dao040109
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4436/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: The timing of cardiac surgery after stroke in infective endocarditis (IE) remains controversial. We examined the relationship between the timing of surgery after stroke and the incidence of in-hospital and 1-year mortalities. METHODS: Data were obtained from the International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study of 4794 patients with definite IE who were admitted to 64 centers from June 2000 through December 2006. Multivariate logistic regression and Cox regression analyses were performed to estimate the impact of early surgery on hospital and 1-year mortality after adjustments for other significant covariates. RESULTS: Of the 857 patients with IE complicated by ischemic stroke syndromes, 198 who underwent valve replacement surgery poststroke were available for analysis. Overall, 58 (29.3%) patients underwent early surgical treatment vs 140 (70.7%) patients who underwent late surgical treatment. After adjustment for other risk factors, early surgery was not significantly associated with increased in-hospital mortality rates (odds ratio, 2.308; 95% confidence interval [CI], .942-5.652). Overall, probability of death after 1-year follow-up did not differ between 2 treatment groups (27.1% in early surgery and 19.2% in late surgery group, P = .328; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.138; 95% CI, .802-1.650). CONCLUSIONS: There is no apparent survival benefit in delaying surgery when indicated in IE patients after ischemic stroke. Further observational analyses that include detailed pre- and postoperative clinical neurologic findings and advanced imaging data (eg, ischemic stroke size), may allow for more refined recommendations on the optimal timing of valvular surgery in patients with IE and recent stroke syndromes.
ISSN: 1058-4838

hal-00875143
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875143
DOI : 10.1093/cid/cis878
PUBMED : 23074311

Éditeur(s) : Springer
Résumé : Two recurring syndromes threaten the viability of the shrimp industry in New Caledonia, which represents the second largest export business. The "Syndrome 93" is a cold season disease due to Vibrio penaeicida affecting all shrimp farms, while the "Summer Syndrome" is a geographically restricted vibriosis caused by a virulent lineage of Vibrio nigripulchritudo. Microbiological procedures for diagnosis of these diseases are time-consuming and do not have the ability to discriminate the range of virulence potentials of V. nigripulchritudo. In this study, we developed a multiplex PCR method to simultaneously detect these two bacterial species and allow for pathotype discrimination. The detection limits of this assay, that includes an internal amplification control to eliminate any false-negative results, were determined at 10 pg purified DNA and 200 cfu/ml. After confirming the effectiveness of our method using experimentally infected animals, its accuracy was compared to standard biochemical methods during a field survey using 94 samples collected over 3 years from shrimp farms encountering mortality events. The multiplex PCR showed very high specificity for the detection of V. penaeicida and V. nigripulchritudo (inclusivity and exclusivity 100%) and allowed us to detect the spreading of highly pathogenic isolates of V. nigripulchritudo to a farm adjoining the "Summer Syndrome area." This assay represents a simple, rapid, and cost-effective diagnostic tool for implementing timely risk management decisions but also understanding the seasonal and geographical distribution of these pathogens.
Microbial Ecology (0095-3628) (Springer), 2012-01 , Vol. 63 , N. 1 , P. 127-138

Droits : Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00063/17398/15169.pdf
DOI:10.1007/s00248-011-9951-3
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00063/17398/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Background Orodental diseases include several clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders that can present in isolation or as part of a genetic syndrome. Due to the vast number of genes implicated in these disorders, establishing a molecular diagnosis can be challenging. We aimed to develop a targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay to diagnose mutations and potentially identify novel genes mutated in this group of disorders. Methods We designed an NGS gene panel that targets 585 known and candidate genes in orodental disease. We screened a cohort of 101 unrelated patients without a molecular diagnosis referred to the Reference Centre for Oro-Dental Manifestations of Rare Diseases, Strasbourg, France, for a variety of orodental disorders including isolated and syndromic amelogenesis imperfecta (AI), isolated and syndromic selective tooth agenesis (STHAG), isolated and syndromic dentinogenesis imperfecta, isolated dentin dysplasia, otodental dysplasia and primary failure of tooth eruption. Results We discovered 21 novel pathogenic variants and identified the causative mutation in 39 unrelated patients in known genes (overall diagnostic rate: 39%). Among the largest subcohorts of patients with isolated AI (50 unrelated patients) and isolated STHAG (21 unrelated patients), we had a definitive diagnosis in 14 (27%) and 15 cases (71%), respectively. Surprisingly, COL17A1 mutations accounted for the majority of autosomal-dominant AI cases. Conclusions We have developed a novel targeted NGS assay for the efficient molecular diagnosis of a wide variety of orodental diseases. Furthermore, our panel will contribute to better understanding the contribution of these genes to orodental disease. Trial registration numbers NCT01746121 and NCT02397824
Journal of Medical Genetics

hal-01272929
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01272929
DOI : 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103302
PUBMED : 26502894

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Ferrata Storti Foundation
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the effects of blood rheology on the occurrence of acute chest syndrome and painful vaso-occlusive crises in children with sickle cell anemia and hemoglobin SC disease. DESIGN AND METHODS: To address this issue, steady-state hemorheological profiles (blood viscosity, red blood cell deformability, aggregation properties) and hematologic parameters were assessed in 44 children with sickle cell anemia and 49 children with hemoglobin SC disease (8-16 years old) followed since birth. Clinical charts were retrospectively reviewed to determine prior acute chest syndrome or vaso-occlusive episodes, and rates of these complications were calculated. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis revealed that: 1) a higher steady-state blood viscosity was associated with a higher rate of vaso-occlusive crises in children with sickle cell anemia, but not in children with hemoglobin SC disease; 2) a higher steady-state red blood cell disaggregation threshold was associated with previous history of acute chest syndrome in children with hemoglobin SC disease and boys with sickle cell anemia. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate for the first time that the red blood cell aggregation properties may play a role in the pathophysiology of acute chest syndrome in children with hemoglobin SC disease and boys with sickle cell anemia. In addition, whereas greater blood viscosity is associated with a higher rate of vaso-occlusive crises in children with sickle cell anemia, no association was found in children with hemoglobin SC disease, underscoring differences in the etiology of vaso-occlusive crises between sickle cell anemia and hemoglobin SC disease.
ISSN: 0390-6078

inserm-00849038
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00849038
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00849038/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00849038/file/inserm-00849038.pdf
DOI : 10.3324/haematol.2012.066670

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Masson
Résumé : International audience
Background. An association with cancer is described in 17–32% of cases of dermatomyositis (DM) and in 5–16% of cases of anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS). The literature contains very few studies involving Afro-Caribbean patients with DM or ASS. The aim of our retrospective study was to determine the prevalence of cancer in a series of patients with DM or ASS at the University Hospital of Pointe-à-Pitre between 1st January 2000 and 31st December 2012. The secondary objective was to review the clinical and laboratory features as well as the course of DM/ASS in these patients.Patients and methods. The inclusion criteria were as follows: Afro-Caribbean origin; age >15 years; patient living in Guadeloupe; screening for malignancy.Results. Twenty-two patients were included (15 DM, 7 ASS). Only one case of cancer was diagnosed in the entire study population at a mean follow-up of 6±4 years (prevalence: 6.7%, CI95% [1.7–31.9]). Of the 15 patients presenting DM (sex ratio F/M: 4, mean age: 45±14 years), 6 (40%) had associated connective tissue disease.Conclusion. Our study suggests a weak association between DM and cancer in Afro-Caribbean patients. These results may be explained by the features of the disease seen in these patients (female gender, young age at onset, associated connective tissue disease) and the low prevalence in the Caribbean region of cancers typically associated with DM.
Introduction. Dix-sept à 32 % des cas de dermatomyosite (DM) et 5 à 16 % des cas de syndrome des anti-synthétases (SAS) sont associés à un cancer. Les séries de patients afro-caribéens atteints de DM ou de SAS sont exceptionnellement rapportées dans la littérature. Le but de notre étude rétrospective était d’estimer la prévalence des cancers dans une série de patients guadeloupéens atteints de DM ou de SAS. L’objectif secondaire était de préciser les caractéristiques cliniques, biologiques et évolutives de la maladie chez ces patients.Patients et méthode. Les critères d’inclusion étaient les suivants : patient afro-caribéen ; âge >15ans ; patient vivant en Guadeloupe ; réalisation d’un bilan d’extension à la recherche d’une néoplasie.Résultats. Vingt-deux patients ont été inclus (15 atteints de DM, 7 de SAS). Un seul cancer a été diagnostiqué, avec une durée moyenne de suivi de 6±4ans sur l’ensemble de la série (prévalence de 6,7 % ; IC 95 % [1,7 ; 31,9]). Parmi les 15 patients atteints de DM (sex-ratio H/F=1/4 ; âge moyen : 45±14ans), 6 (40 %) avaient une connectivite associée.Conclusion. Notre étude suggère une faible association entre DM et cancer chez les patients afro-caribéens. Ces résultats s’expliquent principalement par les caractéristiques de la maladie chez ces patients (sexe féminin, jeune âge, connectivite associée) et la faible prévalence, aux Antilles, des cancers classiquement associés aux DM.
ISSN: 0151-9638

inserm-01110999
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01110999
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01110999/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01110999/file/2014%2C%20Tersiguel%20-%20Epid%C3%A9miologie%20de%20la%20dermatomyosite%20et%20du%20syndrome%20des%20anti-synth%C3%A9tases%20en%20population%20afro-carib%C3%A9enne.pdf
PUBMED : 25288059