Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Human Kinetics
Résumé : International audience
The purpose of the present experiment was to examine whether the use of self-handicapping strategies influences participants' anxiety levels before athletic performance. Seventy-one competitive basketball players participated in the study. A repeated measures design was used, such that state cognitive and somatic anxiety intensity and direction were measured before and after participants were given the opportunity to self-handicap. Overall, participants reported their cognitive anxiety to be more facilitating after they had the opportunity to self-handicap. Thus, participants who were given the opportunity to self-handicap (i.e., use claimed and behavioral self-handicaps), reported greater increases in perceptions of cog-nitive anxiety as facilitating their performance. This study shows the importance of looking at anxiety direction, and not just anxiety intensity, when examining self-handicapping's effects on anxiety. Implications for sport psychologists are proposed.
ISSN: 1543-2793

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
hal-01343255
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01343255
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01343255/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01343255/file/TSP%2007-54.%20Final%20Manuscript.Self-handicapping%20and%20Anxiety%20in%20Sport%20HAL.pdf
DOI : 10.1123/tsp.22.3.304

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
How do we learn to communicate: how do we come to language or how does language come to us? Would it be a question of adaptation to the world by the act of speaking as suggested by J. Bernicot 1 (1992); would man benefit first and foremost from a genetic patrimony that enabled him to make use of language, as N. Chomsky (1985) points out by asking the existence of a competence related to generative mechanisms? J. Bruner (1996) proposes the idea of an education likely to "adapt a culture to the needs of its members and to adapt its members and their ways of learning to the needs of culture". 2. A / Motivations and objects An approach to mother-child relationships (master's thesis in developmental psychology 3, Miehakanda, 1998) has given me the opportunity to highlight the mediation of play in the structuring of relationships between the child with academic difficulties and his parents. The specific framework of this research-action was that of the educational and therapeutic care of children attending primary school (CE1-CLIS-CLAD) 4. These seven children (three girls / four boys) who were reported for various personality and behavioral disorders all had a lack of self-esteem and self-esteem affecting their relationships with those around them (peers, teachers ...).
Comment apprenons-nous à communiquer : comment venons-nous au langage ou comment le langage vient-il à nous ? Serait-ce une question d'adaptation au monde par l'action de parler comme le suggère J. Bernicot 1 (1992) ; l'homme bénéficierait-il prioritairement d'un patrimoine génétique le disposant à faire usage du langage, comme l'indique N. Chomsky (1985) en posant l'existence d'une compétence reliée à des mécanismes génératifs ? J. Bruner (1996) propose l'idée d'une éducation susceptible «d'adapter une culture aux besoins de ses membres et d'adapter ses membres et leurs manières d'apprendre aux besoins de la culture» 2. A/ Motivations et objets Une approche des relations mères-enfants (mémoire de maîtrise de psychologie du développement 3 ; Miehakanda, 1998) m'a donné l'occasion de mettre en évidence la médiation du jeu dans la structuration des rapports entre l'enfant rencontrant des difficultés scolaires et ses parents. Le cadre spécifique de cette recherche-action était celui des prises en charge éducatives et thérapeutiques d'enfants scolarisés à l'école primaire (CE1-CLIS-CLAD) 4. Ces sept enfants (trois filles / quatre garçons) qui étaient signalés pour diverses formes de troubles de la personnalité et du comportement éprouvaient tous un manque de confiance en soi et d'estime de soi affectant leurs rapports avec leur entourage (pairs ; enseignants…).
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/tel-01658934

ISBN : Livre broché : ISBN-10: 3841633412 ISBN-13: 978-3841633415. 2015, pp 316
tel-01658934
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/tel-01658934

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : This paper examines the changing fortunes of Durban as a tourist city from the apartheid to the post apartheid eras. Durban has long earned its prime position as one of South Africa’s most popular year‑round tourist destination. In keeping with the dictates of apartheid, the city catered largely for the needs of the white minority, while that of the black majority was largely ignored. With political changes and shifts in both the international and domestic markets, an effort had to be made to reposition tourism in the city. In order to successfully promote its tourism opportunities, Durban attempted to enhance its image and appeal by promoting its sports, convention and cultural attractions. The democratic transition of the 1990s provided many challenges, the most enduring of which was the need to cater for the emerging black tourist market. There was also an urgency to address problems of crime and grime, disparities in the distribution of labour market opportunities, especially in terms of race and gender within the tourism sector. A serious threat to tourism in Durban is unemployment and alienation of the majority of African people from the industry.
Ce document examine l'évolution des dynamiques touristiques de la ville de Durban dans un contexte post-apartheided. La ville de Durban s’est imposée comme l'une des destinations touristiques les plus populaires d’'Afrique du Sud. En accord avec les diktats de l'apartheid, pour satisfaire les souhaits d’une minorité blanche, l’organisation de la ville avait ignoré les besoin de la majorité noire. Aujourd’hui la ville de Durban se repositionne sur l’échiquier touristique, portée par les changements politiques intérieurs et les opportunités des marchés touristiques internationaux et nationaux. Afin de se positionner avec succèssur ce marché, la ville de Durban renforce son image autour de la promotion son front de mer, des sports nautiques, du tourisme de congrés, et des animations culturelles. La transition démocratique des années 1990 a fourni de nombreux défis et oppportunités dans la première sur le plan touristique fut de se positionner sur le nouveau marché touristique noir. Cal passe aussi par les urgence à résoudre sur le plan de la criminalité, de l’hygiène et de la résorption des disparités sur le marché du travail, en particulier en termes de race et de l'égalité des sexes dans le secteur du tourisme. Les plus sérieuses limites pour le tourisme à Durban sont le chômage et la marginalisation de la majorité des African people.
Afrique du Sud
Durban

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.1192
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/1192

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Geological Society of America
Résumé : International audience
On the New Jersey shelf (offshore North America), the presence of pore water fresher than seawater is known from a series of boreholes completed during the 1970s and 1980s. To account for this fresh water, a fi rst hypothesis involves possible present-day active dynamic connections with onshore aquifers, while a second involves meteoritic and/or sub- ice-sheet waters during periods of lowered sea level. Expedition 313 drilled three boreholes on the middle shelf, offering a unique opportunity for the internal structure of the siliciclastic system to be accessed, at scales ranging from the depositional matrix to the continental margin. This enables the stratigraphic architecture to be correlated with the spatial distribution and salinity of saturating fl uids. Expedition 313 revealed both very low salinities (<3 g/L) at depths exceeding 400 m below the seafl oor and evidence for a multilayered reservoir organization, with freshand/ or brackish-water intervals alternating vertically with salty intervals. In this study we present a revised distribution of the salinity beneath the middle shelf. Our observations suggest that the processes controlling salinity are strongly infl uenced by lithology, porosity, and permeability. Saltier pore waters generally occur in coarse-grained intervals and fresher pore waters occur in fi ne-grained intervals. The transition from fresher to saltier intervals is often marked by cemented horizons that probably act as permeability barriers. In the lowermost parts of two holes, the salinity varies independently of lithology, suggesting different mechanisms and/or sources of salinity. We present an interpretation of the sedimentary facies distribution, derived from core, logs, and seismic profi le analyses, that is used to discuss the marginscale two-dimensional reservoir geometry and permeability distribution. These proposed geometries are of primary importance when considering the possible pathways and emplacement mechanisms for the fresh and salty water below the New Jersey shelf.
EISSN: 1553-040X

insu-00858241
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00858241
DOI : 10.1130/GES00855.1

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
The effects of biodiversity on the transmission of infectious diseases now stand as a cornerstone of many public health policies. The upper Amazonia and Guyana shield are hot-spots of biodiversity that offer genuine opportunities to explore the relationship between the risk of transmission of Chagas disease and the diversity of its triatomine vectors. Over 730 triato-mines were light-trapped in four geomorphological landscapes shaping French-Guiana, and we determined their taxonomic status and infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. We used a model selection approach to unravel the spatial and temporal variations in species abundance , diversity and infection. The vector community in French-Guiana is typically made of one key species (Panstrongylus geniculatus) that is more abundant than three secondary species combined (Rhodnius pictipes, Panstrongylus lignarius and Eratyrus mucronatus), and four other species that complete the assemblage. Although the overall abundance of adult triatomines does not vary across French-Guiana, their diversity increases along a coastal-inland gradient. These variations unravelled a non-monotonic relationship between vector biodiversity and the risk of transmission of Chagas disease, so that intermediate biodiversity levels are associated with the lowest risks. We also observed biannual variations in triatomine abundance, representing the first report of a biannual pattern in the risk of Cha-gas disease transmission. Those variations were highly and negatively correlated with the average monthly rainfall. We discuss the implications of these patterns for the transmission of T. cruzi by assemblages of triatomine species, and for the dual challenge of controlling Amazonian vector communities that are made of both highly diverse and mostly intrusive species.
ISSN: 1935-2727

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
hal-01298091
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01298091
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01298091/document
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01298091/file/journal.pntd.0004427.PDF
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004427

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Résumé : International audience
In disease-endemic areas, histoplasmosis is the main differential diagnosis for tuberculosis among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. However, no study has compared the two diseases. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare tuberculosis and histoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients. A population of 205 HIV-infected patients (99 with tuberculosis and 106 with histoplasmosis) hospitalized in Cayenne, French Guiana during January 1, 1997-December 31, 2008 were selected retrospectively from the French Hospital Database on HIV. Multivariate analysis showed that tuberculosis was associated with cough (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.05-0.73) and a C-reactive protein level > 70 mg/L (AOR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.97-0.99). Variables associated with disseminated histoplasmosis were a γ-glutamyl transferase level > 72 IU/L (AOR = 4.99, 95% CI = 1.31-18.99), origin from French Guiana (AOR = 5.20, 95% CI = 1.30-20.73), disseminated localization (AOR = 6.40, 95% CI = 1.44-28.45), a concomitant opportunistic infection (AOR = 6.71, 95% CI = 1.50-29.96), a neutrophil count < 2,750 cells/mm(3) (AOR = 10.54, 95% CI = 2.83-39.24), a CD4 cell count < 60 cells/mm(3) (AOR = 11.62, 95% CI = 2.30-58.63), and a platelet count < 150,000/mm(3) (AOR = 19.20, 95% CI = 3.35-110.14). Tuberculosis and histoplasmosis have similarities, but some factors show a greater association with one of these diseases. Thus, adapted therapeutic choices can be made by using simple clinical and paraclinical criteria.
ISSN: 0002-9637

inserm-01065027
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01065027
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01065027/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01065027/file/2014_Adenis_-_Tuberculosis_and_Histoplasmosis_among_HIV.pdf
DOI : 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0084

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Despite the importance of invertebrate resources for Pacific coral reef islands, few studies have specifically addressed the effects of harvesting on invertebrate assemblages including targeted and non-targeted species. The impacts of recreational harvesting on reef and seagrass invertebrate assemblages in New Caledonia (South Pacific) are investigated by comparing communities in non-MPA and MPA areas. Sampling was done using a standard core method on seagrasses and by visual survey along belt transects on reefs. A total of 371 species were recorded, 174 on seagrasses and 254 on reefs, with 57 common species. Reef and seagrass invertebrate communities were very different in MPA and non-MPA areas. On both habitats, MPAs were identified as undisturbed areas while non-MPAs were defined as moderately disturbed with a predominance of small-sized and opportunistic species. Fishing not only affects target species but also non-target species through secondary effects. These results highlight the necessity of a community based approach for the conservation of resources in tropical poorly known environments.
ISSN: 0165-7836

hal-01311486
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01311486
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01311486/document
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01311486/file/Harvesting%20effects%20on%20tropical%20invertebrate%20assemblages%20in%20New_hal.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.fishres.2015.02.001

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : The gametogenic cycle and the reproductive effort of the blacklip pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera, cultivated in Takapoto lagoon were studied for a 1-year period (March 1997-April 1998) by bimonthly observations of gonadal sections, dry tissue weights and gonadal index in a population of pearl oyster composed of three age-groups. pearl oysters attained sexual maturity in the end of their first year (height approximate to 40 mm), implying that P. margaritifera is a late-maturing species in comparison with other Pteriidae. This species was also confirmed to be a marked protandrous successive hermaphrodite in culture, with 100 % of males at first maturity and 75 % in older pearl oyster (height > 120 mm). The general pattern of gametogenic activity, fairly synchronous in both sexes, was comparable with that of other tropical bivalves: reproduction occurs continuously throughout the year with a maximal activity during the warm season (November-May). No resting period was observed. Quantitative growth data showed that P. margaritifera exhibits an annual synchronised polymodal spawning pattern, with two spawning peaks in age-group I (height approximate to 70 mm) and five in age-groups II (height approximate to 100 mm) and III (height approximate to 120 mm). Spawning was sometimes incomplete, nevertheless a clear relationship between gamete production (P-R, g) and size (height H, mm) was obtained: P-R = 5.26 x 10(-7) H-2.91 (R-2 = 0.99, p < 0.05). Estimation of P-R was used to calculate the annual reproductive effort in P. margaritifera. Reproductive effort (%) was similar to those calculated for temperate species and showed a progressive increase with the age of pearl oyster, from 7 % in age-group I to 38 % in age-group III. This study showed that, in a fairly stable tropical environment such as the Takapoto lagoon, P. margaritifera is a multiple spawner, which uses an opportunistic reproductive strategy, allowing investment all year around, of any surplus energy into gamete production. Surplus energy is ensured by the high pumping rates developed by this non-symbiotic bivalve to succeed in low seston conditions. (C) 2000 Ifremer/Cnrs/Inra/Ird/Cemagref/Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS.
Le cycle et l'effort de reproduction de l'huître perlière à lèvres noires, Pinctada margaritifera, cultivée dans le lagon de Takapoto, ont été étudiés sur une période annuelle (de mars 1997 à avril 1998), par un suivi bimensuel des stades de maturation et des indices gonadiques, sur une population en élevage composée de trois groupes d'âge (1, 2 et 3 ans). Cette étude a confirmé que P. margaritifera est une espèce qui se reproduit tardivement par rapport aux autres Ptériidés (elle atteint sa maturité sexuelle à la fin de sa première année, pour une hauteur approximative de 40 mm). Par ailleurs, elle présente, en élevage, une protandrie marquée (100 % de mâles à première maturité, 75 % pour des huîtres âgées de trois ans). Le schéma général de sa gamétogenèse, relativement synchrone dans les deux sexes, est comparable à celui des autres bivalves tropicaux : la reproduction est quasiment continue (aucune période de repos sexuel) avec une activité accrue en saison chaude (de novembre à mai). L'analyse des variations du poids de la gonade suggère l'existence de deux pics d'émission de gamètes chez les huîtres de un an et cinq pics chez les huîtres de 2 et 3 ans (cycle de reproduction de type polymodal). Bien que ces émissions de gamètes soient parfois incomplètes, une relation entre la production de gamètes (PR, en g) et la taille de l'huître perlière (hauteur, H, en mm) a été établie : PR = 5,26 x 10-7 H2,91 (R2 = 0,99, p < 0,05). Ces résultats ont permis de calculer l'effort de reproduction de P. margaritifera à Takapoto et sur un bilan annuel : il augmente avec l'âge de l'huître perlière de 7 % pour le groupe d'âge I à 38% pour le groupe d'âge III. Ces valeurs annuelles sont similaires à celles calculées chez les bivalves de milieux tempérés. Cette étude a donc montré que, dans un environnement tropical assez stable tel que celui du lagon de Takapoto, P. margaritifera présente une reproduction continue, avec plusieurs pics d'émission de gamètes par an. Cette stratégie « opportuniste » permet l'investissement, de tout surplus d'énergie en production de gamètes, tout au long de l'année. Malgré la faible concentration du milieu en nourriture, ces surplus d'énergie sont assurés par les fortes capacités de filtration développées par cette espèce tropicale non-symbiotique.
Aquatic Living Resources (0990-7440) (Elsevier), 2000 , Vol. 13 , N. 1 , P. 37-48

Droits : 2000 Ifremer/Cnrs/Inra/Ird/Cemagref/Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2000/publication-1391.pdf
DOI:10.1016/S0990-7440(00)00135-2
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1391/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Université des Antilles
Résumé : International audience
Tourism in coastal and island environments: Continuity, limits and perspectives Coastlines and islands are particularly affected by the development of tourism worldwide. Between "desire costal" and "fantasy Island", its coveted spaces for both their tangible and intangible dimensions, open to tourism. Attracted by the economic opportunities they so desperately need, more or less aware of their comparative advantage and their limitations, they deliver resources preserved, the most vulnerable, which are the subject of complex relationships and issues.
Les littoraux et les îles sont des espaces particulièrement prisés par le développement du tourisme à travers le monde. Entre " désir de rivages " et " île fantasmée ", ces espaces convoités, tant pour leurs dimensions tangibles qu'intangibles, s'ouvrent au tourisme. Séduits par les opportunités économiques dont ils ont tant besoin, plus ou moins conscients de leur avantage comparatif et de leurs limites, ils livrent des ressources préservées, des plus vulnérables, autour desquelles se construisent de complexes relations et enjeux.
ISSN: 1779-0980

hal-00830502
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00830502
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00830502/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00830502/file/etudescaribeennes-5774-19-le-tourisme-dans-les-environnements-littoraux-et-insulaires-permanences-limites-et-perspectives.pdf

Éditeur(s) : IEEE
Résumé : It is now well understood that data on soil moisture and sea surface salinity (SSS) are required to improve meteorological and climate predictions. These two quantities are not yet available globally or with adequate temporal or spatial sampling. It is recognized that a spaceborne L-band radiometer with a suitable antenna is the most promising way of fulfilling this gap. With these scientific objectives and technical solution at the heart of a proposed mission concept the European Space Agency (ESA) selected the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission as its second Earth Explorer Opportunity Mission. The development of the SMOS mission was led by ESA in collaboration with the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) in France and the Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnologico Industrial (CDTI) in Spain. SMOS carries a single payload, an L-Band 2-D interferometric radiometer operating in the 1400-1427-MHz protected band [1]. The instrument receives the radiation emitted from Earth's surface, which can then be related to the moisture content in the first few centimeters of soil over land, and to salinity in the surface waters of the oceans. SMOS will achieve an unprecedented maximum spatial resolution of 50 km at L-band over land (43 km on average over the field of view), providing multiangular dual polarized (or fully polarized) brightness temperatures over the globe. SMOS has a revisit time of less than 3 days so as to retrieve soil moisture and ocean salinity data, meeting the mission's science objectives. The caveat in relation to its sampling requirements is that SMOS will have a somewhat reduced sensitivity when compared to conventional radiometers. The SMOS satellite was launched successfully on November 2, 2009.
Proceedings of the IEEE (0018-9219) (IEEE), 2010-05 , Vol. 98 , N. 5 , P. 666-687

Droits : 2010 IEEE – All Rights Reserved
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00004/11483/8065.pdf
DOI:10.1109/JPROC.2010.2043032
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00004/11483/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : National audience
Objective of the study An estimation of burden of serious fungal diseases in France is essential data to inform public health priorities on the importance of resources and research needed on these infections. In France, precise data are available for invasive fungal diseases but estimates for several other diseases such as chronic and immunoallergic diseases are by contrast less known. Materials and methods A systematic literature search was conducted using the Web of Science Platform. Published epidemiology papers reporting fungal infection rates from France were identified. Where no data existed, we used specific populations at risk and fungal infection frequencies in those populations to estimate national incidence or prevalence, depending on the condition. Results The model predicts high prevalences of severe asthma with fungal sensitization episodes (189 cases/100,000 adults per year), of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (145/100,000) and of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (5.24/100,000). Besides, estimated incidence for invasive aspergillosis is 1.8/100,000 annually based on classical high risk factors. Estimates for invasive mucormycosis, pneumocystosis and cryptococcosis are 0.12/100,000, 1/100,000 and 0.2/100,000, respectively. Regarding invasive candidiasis, more than 10,000 cases per year are estimated, and a much higher number of recurrent vaginal candidiasis is probable but must be confirmed. Finally, this survey was an opportunity to report a first picture of the frequency of tinea capitis in France. Conclusion Using local and literature data of the incidence or prevalence of fungal infections, approximately 1,000,000 (1.47%) people in France are estimated to suffer from serious fungal infections each year. © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS
Journal de Mycologie Medicale

hal-01467554
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01467554
DOI : 10.1016/j.mycmed.2016.11.001
PUBMED : 27887809

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Ocean Drilling Program Hole 1256D reached for the first time the transition zone between the sheeted dike complex and the uppermost gabbros. The recovered crustal section offers a unique opportunity to study the deepest part of the hydrothermal system in present-day oceanic crust. We present a structural analysis of electrical borehole wall images. We identified, and measured the orientations of four categories of structures: major faults, minor fractures, possibly hydrothermal veins, and dikes. All structures tend to strike parallel to the paleo-ridge axis. Three major fault zones (meter thick) and dikes are steeply dipping (~ 75° on average) outward the ridge. Centimeter-thick moderately conductive planar features are interpreted as hydrothermal veins, are organized in arrays of consistent spacing, thickness, and orientation, and are dipping about 15-20° toward the ridge. This structural pattern is interpreted as an on-axis paleohydrothermal circulation system, with vertical, dike-parallel fractures, and sub-horizontal high-temperature hydrothermal veins at the base of the sheeted dike, which was subsequently rotated ~ 15° westward around a ridge-parallel, sub-horizontal axis. This rotation can be caused by upper-crustal block rotation along a listric normal fault, and/or subsidence at the ridge axis.
Ofioliti

hal-00757592
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00757592
DOI : 10.4454/ofioliti.v37i1.402

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
Losses of corals worldwide emphasize the need to understand what drives reef decline. Stressors such as overfishing and nutrient pollution may reduce resilience of coral reefs by increasing coral–algal competition and reducing coral recruitment, growth and survivorship. Such effects may themselves develop via several mechanisms, including disruption of coral microbiomes. Here we report the results of a 3-year field experiment simulating overfishing and nutrient pollution. These stressors increase turf and macroalgal cover, destabilizing microbiomes, elevating putative pathogen loads, increasing disease more than twofold and increasing mortality up to eightfold. Above-average temperatures exacerbate these effects, further disrupting microbiomes of unhealthy corals and concentrating 80% of mortality in the warmest seasons. Surprisingly, nutrients also increase bacterial opportunism and mortality in corals bitten by parrotfish, turning normal trophic interactions deadly for corals. Thus, overfishing and nutrient pollution impact reefs down to microbial scales, killing corals by sensitizing them to predation, above-average temperatures and bacterial opportunism.
ISSN: 2041-1723

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
hal-01340547
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01340547
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01340547/document
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01340547/file/ncomms11833.pdf
DOI : 10.1038/ncomms11833

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The emerging orbicular batfish (Platax orbicularis) aquaculture is the most important fish aquacultureindustry in French Polynesia. However, bacterial infections are causing severe mortality episodes.Therefore, there is an urgent need to find an effective management solution. Besides the supplyingdifficulty and high costs of veterinary drugs in French Polynesia, batfish aquaculture takes place close tothe coral reef, where use of synthetic persistent drugs should be restricted. Medicinal plants andbioactive algae are emerging as a cheaper and more sustainable alternative to chemical drugs. We havestudied the effect of local Polynesian plants and the local opportunistic algae Asparagopsis taxiformis onbatfish when orally administered. Weight gain and expression of two immune-related genes (lysozyme ge Lys G and transforming growth factor beta - TGF-b1) were studied to analyze immunostimulant activityof plants on P. orbicularis. Results showed that several plants increased Lys G and TGF-b1 expressionon orbicular batfish after 2 and 3 weeks of oral administration. A. taxiformis was the plant displaying themost promising results, promoting a weight gain of 24% after 3 weeks of oral administration andsignificantly increasing the relative amount of both Lys G and TGF-b1 transcripts in kidney and spleen ofP. orbicularis.
ISSN: 1050-4648

hal-01381334
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01381334
DOI : 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.09.011

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Science Bv
Résumé : On the Mediterranean continental shelves the post-glacial transgressive succession is a complex picture composed by seaward progradations, related to sea level stillstands and/or increased sediment supply to the coasts, and minor flooding surfaces, associated to phases of enhanced rates of sea level rise. Among Late Pleistocene examples, major mid-shelf progradations have been related to the short-term climatic reversal of the Younger Dryas event, a period during which the combination of increased sediment supply from rivers and reduced rates of sea level rise promoted the formation of progradations up to tens-meter thick. While the documentation of coastal and subaqueous progradations recording the Younger Dryas interval are widely reported in the literature, the model of compound progradation within transgressive deposits is not proposed so far. Here we present the documentation of a deltaic system where both delta front sands and related fine-grained subaqueous progradations (prodeltaic to shallow marine) have been preserved. The Paleo Gargano Compound Delta (PGCD) formed offshore the modern Gargano Promontory (southern Adriatic Sea), and is composed by a coastal coarse-grained delta of reduced thickness and a muddy subaqueous clinoform, up to 30 meters thick. The PGCD, probably the first worldwide documentation of a compound delta within the transgressive record, provides the opportunity to investigate the processes controlling the formation of a compound delta system during an overall sea level rise and the factors that allowed its preservation. The finding of the PGCD provides the opportunity of a comparison with modern worldwide compound systems.
Marine Geology (0025-3227) (Elsevier Science Bv), 2015-04 , Vol. 362 , P. 43-59

Droits : 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00250/36158/34714.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.margeo.2015.01.010
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00250/36158/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Université des Antilles
Résumé : International audience
The development of the small island territories is often approached under the angle of the vulnerability, the limits and other handicaps which penalize inevitably their growth perspectives. However, it is noticed that some islands display nowadays among the most prosperous economies to the world. The object of this reflection is to propose a frame to study the small islands, the evolution of their positioning and trajectories of development. It’s interesting to see how small islands, with their different political statuses and economic dependences, manage their development in the globalized economy by using conveniently their peculiarity.
Le développement des petits territoires insulaires est souvent abordé sous l'angle de la vulnérabilité, des limites et autres handicaps qui pénalisent inéluctablement leurs perspectives de croissance. Or force est de constate que quelques îles s’affichent désormais parmi les économies les plus prospères au monde. L’objet de cette réflexion est de proposer un cadre pour étudier les petites îles, appréhender l’évolution de leurs positionnements et leurs trajectoires de développement. Il s’agit de voir dans quelle mesure ces petites îles, aux statuts juridiques variables et dépendantes sur le plan économique, peuvent opportunément tirer profit de leur situation – parfois en jouant sur leur singularité- pour se positionner avantageusement dans la configuration actuelle de l’économie mondialisée.
ISSN: 1779-0980

hal-01624763
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01624763
DOI : 10.4000/etudescaribeennes.7250

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Station Biologique
Résumé : International audience
This study deals with temporal variations in eel diet Anguilla anguilla sampled at each of the four seasons in the Languedocian Prévost lagoon (Gulf of Lion) from Autumn 1998 to Summer 1999. The following feeding indices were calculated based on observations of 12 categories of prey found in the contents of full stomachs: coefficient of vacuity CV, degree of fullness DR, occurrence frequency PP, relative abundance N (in %) and relative weight P (in %). The interpretation of results is also based on the Costello's method (1990) which combines PP and N. Anguilla anguilla mainly feeds on benthic organisms, primarily Gammarus gr. locusta, Polychaeta, insect larvae, small fish. Based on variations in eel diet, seasonal influence is illustrated by a decrease in feeding activity in summer which gradually increases during the following seasons. The good trophic quality available to eels in the Prévost lagoon depends on its hydrodynamics which is directly related to the movement of water entering and leaving lagoon by a short communication with the sea. This water movement accelerates the enrichment and production processes of this ecosystem. Changes observed during the four seasons illustrate an opportunistic type of feeding behaviour. Eels consume the most available benthic prey. They favour the importance of the prey at a given moment without using a particular feeding strategy like specialisation or generalisation. Thus, eel adapts its diet in adjusting available energy resources in the ecosystem. Because of this, the lagoon-resident species Anguilla anguilla is an obvious indirect bioindicator of the trophic capacity and present level of confinement in the brackish water lagoon ecosystem of Prévost.
ISSN: 0007-9723

hal-00753021
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00753021

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
The way faults control upward fluid flow in nonmagmatic hydrothermal systems in extensional context is still unclear. In the Eastern Pyrénées, an alignment of twenty-nine hot springs (29 ∘ C to 73 ∘ C), along the normal Têt fault, offers the opportunity to study this process. Using an integrated multiscale geological approach including mapping, remote sensing, and macro-and microscopic analyses of fault zones, we show that emergence is always located in crystalline rocks at gneiss-metasediments contacts, mostly in the Têt fault footwall. The hot springs distribution is related to high topographic reliefs, which are associated with fault throw and segmentation. In more detail, emergence localizes either (1) in brittle fault damage zones at the intersection between the Têt fault and subsidiary faults or (2) in ductile faults where dissolution cavities are observed along foliations, allowing juxtaposition of metasediments. Using these observations and 2D simple numerical simulation, we propose a hydrogeological model of upward hydrothermal flow. Meteoric fluids, infiltrated at high elevation in the fault footwall relief, get warmer at depth because of the geothermal gradient. Topography-related hydraulic gradient and buoyancy forces cause hot fluid rise along permeability anisotropies associated with lithological juxtapositions, fracture, and fault zone compositions.
ISSN: 1468-8115

hal-01582968
https://hal-brgm.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01582968
https://hal-brgm.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01582968/document
https://hal-brgm.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01582968/file/Taillefer_et_al_Geofluids_2017.pdf
DOI : 10.1155/2017/8190109

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
It is becoming clear that the female brain has an inherent plasticity that is expressed during reproduction. The changes that occur benefit the offspring, which in turn secures the survival of the mother’s genetic legacy. Thus, the onset of maternal motivation involves basic mechanisms from genetic expression profiles, to hormone release, to hormone-neuron interactions, all of which fundamentally change the neural architecture – and for a period of time that extends, interestingly, beyond the reproductive life of the female. Although multiple brain areas involved in maternal responses are discussed, this review focuses primarily on plasticity in the maternal hippocampus during pregnancy, the postpartum period and well into aging as it pertains to changes in cognition. In addition, the effects of prolonged and repeated stress on these dynamic responses are considered. The maternal brain is a marvel of directed change, extending into behaviors both obvious (infant-directed) and less obvious (predation, cognition). In sum, the far-reaching effects of reproduction on the female nervous system provide an opportunity to investigate neuroplasticity and behavioral flexibility in a natural mammalian model.
ISSN: 0018-506X

hal-01169791
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01169791
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01169791/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01169791/file/Neuroplasticity%20In%20The%20Maternal%20Hippocampus_accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.004

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
Little is known of how linkage patterns between species change along environmental gradients. The small, spatially discrete food webs inhabiting tank-bromeliads provide an excellent opportunity to analyse patterns of community diversity and food-web topology (connectance, linkage density, nestedness) in relation to key environmental variables (habitat size, detrital resource, incident radiation) and predators: prey ratios. We sampled 365 bromeliads in a wide range of understorey environments in French Guiana and used gut contents of invertebrates to draw the corresponding 365 connectance webs. At the bromeliad scale, habitat size (water volume) determined the number of species that constitute food-web nodes, the proportion of predators, and food-web topology. The number of species as well as the proportion of predators within bromeliads declined from open to forested habitats, where the volume of water collected by bromeliads was generally lower because of rainfall interception by the canopy. A core group of microorganisms and generalist detritivores remained relatively constant across environments. This suggests that (i) a highly-connected core ensures food-web stability and key ecosystem functions across environments, and (ii) larger deviations in food-web structures can be expected following disturbance if detritivores share traits that determine responses to environmental changes. While linkage density and nestedness were lower in bromeliads in the forest than in open areas, experiments are needed to confirm a trend for lower food-web stability in the understorey of primary forests.
PLoS ONE

hal-00913931
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00913931
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00913931/document
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0071735
OATAO : 10204