Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Kluwer
Résumé : This paper presents some considerations about hybrid optimization algorithms useful to optimize real complex system. The given indication could be used by readers to conceive hybrid algorithms. These considerations have been deducted from a concrete application case: the satellites constellations design problem. But each of the advanced techniques proposed in this paper are considered in a more general way to solve other problems. This problem is used to illustrate the techniques along the paper because it is grouping many characteristics (di culties) of contemporary real complex systems: the size and the characteristics of the search space engendered by a combinatorial problem; The irregularity of the criterions; The mathematical and physical heterogeneity of parameters forbids the use of classical algorithms; The evaluation of a solution, which uses a time consuming simulation; A need of accurate values. More details are available in previous papers ([?], [?], [?], [?]). For these reasons, we could learn a lot from this experiment in order to detach hybrid techniques usable for problems having close characteristics. This paper presents the historic leading to the current algorithm, the modeling of the complex system and the sophisticated algorithm proposed to optimize it. Application cases and ways to built signi cant tests of hybrid algorithm are also given.
International Federation for Information Processing

hal-00602279
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00602279

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : La sous-préfecture de Madingo-Kayes est arrosée par le bassin du Kouilou-Niari. Celui-ci constitue une niche écologique d’une grande diversité d’espèces halieutiques. Ces espèces sont recherchées par les populations locales pour leur rôle d’appoint dans la lutte contre l’insécurité alimentaire et leur contribution aux moyens d’existence et aux économies rurales. Le poisson, dont la consommation fournit près de 70 % de protéines animales à Madingo-Kayes, provient essentiellement de la pêche artisanale (avec l’utilisation d’outils rudimentaires tels que la nasse, le filet, la ligne, etc.). La recette mensuelle générée par cette activité oscille entre 250 000 et 500 000 FCF, soit environ un million de FCFA par année. Les principales espèces capturées sont les poissons-chat électriques (Malapterurus electricus), les poissons de la famille des Mormyridae, etc. Elles sont soit consommées sur place, soit écoulées à Pointe-Noire, ville où la demande est très forte.
The sub-prefecture of Madingo-Kayes is watered by the Kouilou-Niari basin. This constitutes an ecological niche of a wide variety of fish species sought by local people for their supporting role in the fight against food insecurity and their contribution to livelihoods and rural economies. Fish consumption in Madingo-Kayes provides nearly 70% of animal protein. The monthly recipe fish production in the district is between 250 000 and 500 000 FCFA. It is estimated an average of one million a year. The fishery is artisanal, with the use of simple tools such as the trap, net, line, etc. The main species of fish are captured electric catfish (Malapterurus electricus), fish of the family Mormyridae, etc. They are either consumed in the localities for food reasons or passed in Pointe-Noire, the city where the fish demand is very strong for mercantile reasons.
Madingo-Kayes
Congo RD

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.10391
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/10391

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Station Biologique
Résumé : International audience
This study deals with temporal variations in eel diet Anguilla anguilla sampled at each of the four seasons in the Languedocian Prévost lagoon (Gulf of Lion) from Autumn 1998 to Summer 1999. The following feeding indices were calculated based on observations of 12 categories of prey found in the contents of full stomachs: coefficient of vacuity CV, degree of fullness DR, occurrence frequency PP, relative abundance N (in %) and relative weight P (in %). The interpretation of results is also based on the Costello's method (1990) which combines PP and N. Anguilla anguilla mainly feeds on benthic organisms, primarily Gammarus gr. locusta, Polychaeta, insect larvae, small fish. Based on variations in eel diet, seasonal influence is illustrated by a decrease in feeding activity in summer which gradually increases during the following seasons. The good trophic quality available to eels in the Prévost lagoon depends on its hydrodynamics which is directly related to the movement of water entering and leaving lagoon by a short communication with the sea. This water movement accelerates the enrichment and production processes of this ecosystem. Changes observed during the four seasons illustrate an opportunistic type of feeding behaviour. Eels consume the most available benthic prey. They favour the importance of the prey at a given moment without using a particular feeding strategy like specialisation or generalisation. Thus, eel adapts its diet in adjusting available energy resources in the ecosystem. Because of this, the lagoon-resident species Anguilla anguilla is an obvious indirect bioindicator of the trophic capacity and present level of confinement in the brackish water lagoon ecosystem of Prévost.
ISSN: 0007-9723

hal-00753021
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00753021

Éditeur(s) : EDP Sciences
Résumé : Market position and its evolution were analysed in nine key fish and cephalopod species subject to long-term changes, using the Bay of Biscay fisheries as a case study. Although such long term changes have already been documented, and in some cases shown to be related to the impacts of fishing, changes in the physical environment, or both, relatively little work has been devoted to their potential consequences in economic terms. The nature and extent of these consequences was determined in the present study by looking at the composition of the affected fish production, and the status of different fish products on the markets. We propose a methodology to characterize market position for this set of nine species. The selected species represent a significant part of the gross turnover of French fishing fleets operating in the bay. These species were characterized in terms of their potential sensitivity to fishing and changes in environmental conditions due to global warming. We separated species potentially positively (Engraulis encrasicolus and Lophius budegassa) and negatively affected (Pollachius pollachius and Lophius piscatorius) by warming. Evolution of the value of production of the nine species was then depicted using analysis of macro-economic index (production and potential consumption) and price indices. This revealed the relatively high sensitivity of domestic production to the market crisis that occurred in France in the early 1990s, compared to imported and exported products. The relative position of individual species, with respect to the market and its evolution between 1990 and 2005, was analyzed by multi-factorial analysis. Results derived from the analysis clearly distinguish two groups of species, the first characterized by higher prices (monkfish, Nephrops, sole, seabass) and the second by larger volumes available on the French market (pollack, hake, anchovy, sardine, cuttlefish). We conclude that a major part (69 to 87%) of the gross turnover associated with catches of these fish species in the Bay of Biscay remains potentially unaffected by long-term changes related to climate.
Aquatic Living Resources (0990-7440) (EDP Sciences), 2008-07 , Vol. 21 , N. 3 , P. 307-316

Droits : EDP Sciences, IFREMER, IRD 2008
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-4716.pdf
DOI:10.1051/alr:2008047
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4716/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Frontiers Media
Résumé : International audience
Coral reef fisheries support the development of local and national economies and are the basis of important cultural practices and worldviews. Transitioning economies, human development, and environmental stress can harm this livelihood. Here we focus on a transitioning social-ecological system as a case study (Moorea, French Polynesia). We review fishing practices and three decades of effort and landing estimates with the broader goal of informing management. Fishery activities in Moorea are quite challenging to quantify because of the diversity of gears used, the lack of centralized access points or markets, the high participation rates of the population in the fishery, and the overlapping cultural and economic motivations to catch fish. Compounding this challenging diversity, we lack a basic understanding of the complex interplay between the cultural, subsistence, and commercial use of Moorea's reefs. In Moorea, we found an order of magnitude gap between estimates of fishery yield produced by catch monitoring methods (2 t km −2 ∼ year −1) and estimates produced using consumption or participatory socioeconomic consumer surveys (∼24 t km −2 year −1). Several lines of evidence suggest reef resources may be overexploited and stakeholders have a diversity of opinions as to whether trends in the stocks are a cause for concern. The reefs, however, remain ecologically resilient. The relative health of the reef is striking given the socioeconomic context. Moorea has a relatively high population density, a modern economic system linked into global flows of trade and travel, and the fishery has little remaining traditional or customary management. Other islands in the Pacific in similar contexts in Polynesia such as Hawaii, that continue to develop economically, may have small-scale fisheries that increasingly resemble Moorea. Therefore, understanding Moorea's reef fisheries may provide insight into their future.
ISSN: 2296-7745

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
hal-01325804
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01325804
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01325804/document
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01325804/file/fmars-03-00070.pdf
DOI : 10.3389/fmars.2016.00070

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD MDPI
Résumé : International audience
The decline in children's Blood Lead Levels (BLL) raises questions about the ability of current lead poisoning screening criteria to identify those children most exposed. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the performance of current screening criteria in identifying children with blood lead levels higher than 50 µg/L in France, and to propose new criteria. Data from a national French survey, conducted among 3831 children aged 6 months to 6 years in 2008-2009 were used. The sensitivity and specificity of the current criteria in predicting blood lead levels higher than or equal to 50 µg/L were evaluated. Two predictive models of BLL above 44 µg/L (for lack of sufficient sample size at 50 µg/L) were built: the first using current criteria, and the second using newly identified risk factors. For each model, performance was studied by calculating the area under the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve. The sensitivity of current criteria for detecting BLL higher than or equal to 50 µg/L was 0.51 (0.26; 0.75) and specificity was 0.66 (0.62; 0.70). The new model included the following criteria: foreign child newly arrived in France, mother born abroad, consumption of tap water in the presence of lead pipes, pre-1949 housing, period of construction of housing unknown, presence of peeling paint, parental smoking at home, occupancy rates for housing and child's address in a cadastral municipality or census block comprising more than 6% of housing that is potentially unfit and built pre-1949. The area under the ROC curve was 0.86 for the new model, versus 0.76 for the current one. The lead poisoning screening criteria should be updated. The risk of industrial, occupational and hobby-related exposure could not be assessed in this study, but should be kept as screening criteria
ISSN: 1660-4601

hal-01239804
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01239804
DOI : 10.3390/ijerph121214989
PUBMED : 26633457

Éditeur(s) : Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research
Résumé : The objectives of this study were to observe foraminiferal colonization patterns and behavior in shrimp ponds in New Caledonia during a shrimp-growing (farming) cycle. Weekly collecting at 10 stations in 8 shrimp ponds yielded a total of 170 samples accompanied by environmental data. Seawater pumped from the nearby ocean filled the ponds at the beginning of the growth cycle and its daily renewal maintained salinity at 32-39, and supplied the ponds with influxes of smaller, mostly juvenile, foraminifera. A few days after initial filling, the pioneering species Ammonia tepida and Quinqueloculina seminula appeared, with A. tepida dominant. Their high reproduction rates increased both living and dead assemblage densities during the first 10 weeks. Populations of these two species then stabilized with higher oxygen demand (drop of redox) and consumption of living foraminifera by shrimp. Only a few colonizers subsequently appeared, which was attributed to the isolation of the pond, despite the high rate of water renewal. Only one pond had notably higher species richness, but it could not be distinguished from the others by its physicochemical parameters. The species that appeared in ponds initially barren of foraminifera also survived where there was water seepage between growing cycles, suggesting that the assemblages had already reached equilibrium with the environment. Despite the number of environmental parameters measured, only oxygen and reactive organic matter correlated with the microfauna on a weekly timescale. We assume that other parameters do not significantly affect foraminifera until they reach critical threshold. Consistent with previous studies, A. tepida was the species most tolerant of organic influx, but its relative abundance dropped once the organic matter flocculated and settled, leading to disoxic conditions in the sediment. Conversely, Q. seminula was able to climb through the floc and reach the oxygenated layer, where its relative abundance increased.
Journal of Foraminiferal Research (0096-1191) (Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research), 2009-10 , Vol. 39 , N. 4 , P. 249-266

Droits : 2009 Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-6954.pdf
DOI:10.2113/gsjfr.39.4.249
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6954/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
3D seismic data located in the Gjallar Ridge (Vøring Basin, offshore Norway) reveals a closely-spaced polygonal fault system affecting more than 800 m of homogeneous mud-dominated Quaternary and Tertiary sequences. As some faults reach the modern seafloor, they represent an active polygonal fault system at present day. Even if the processes remain unclear and are still under debate, it is generally agreed that the initiation of polygonal faults is the result of shallow burial dewatering of fine-grained unconsolidated sediments by volumetric compaction. 3D seismic data are commonly interpreted by propagating horizons automatically and by picking faults manually. However, in the case of polygonal fault intervals, this approach is time consuming due to the huge number of faults and because automatic propagation can be misleading. In this study, we applied a new technique of 3D seismic interpretation based on a sequential stratigraphy analysis, using the new PaleoScan© software (Eliis Company). It allowed us to build a 3D geological model computing more than 300 horizons within the faulted intervals. We then used the coherency attribute, depicting anomalies in the shape of seismic waveform like faults, in order to constrain a possible link between fault distribution and stratigraphic levels. Our approach allows fault throws to be calculated in milliseconds on any polygonal fault plane. The result shows that fault segments have been reactivated by dip-linkage. Distribution of faults depends on mechanical units, intervals characterized by different petrophysical properties, which are independent from lithological and diagenetic changes. According to these results, we propose a model showing the evolution of polygonal fault intervals in which faulting stages are separated by a quiescence phase during burial. A first tier of polygonal faults is initiated at a specific depth, according to the Cam-clay model. Then, following a period of quiescence during which mud-rich sediments continued to accumulate, new fault segments are initiated above the first mechanical unit and within this undeformed interval. New nucleated faults then connect downward to pre-existing underlying polygonal fault system, thus progressively increasing the thickness of the faulted interval.
ISSN: 0025-3227

hal-00772470
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00772470
DOI : 10.1016/j.margeo.2012.07.016

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Résumé : International audience
Background: We used evolutionary analysis of alkaline phosphatase (tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase, TNSALP) to predict missense mutations leading to hypophosphatasia. Results: We found 469 sensitive positions and validated 99% of the 204 known mutations. Conclusion: It is a more powerful method than in silico models to validate missense mutations in TNSALP. Significance: Such an approach should be widely used to support genetic diagnostics. ALPL encodes the tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP), which removes phosphate groups from various substrates. Its function is essential for bone and tooth mineralization. In humans, ALPL mutations lead to hypophosphatasia, a genetic disorder characterized by defective bone and/or tooth mineralization. To date, 275 ALPL mutations have been reported to cause hypophosphatasia, of which 204 were simple missense mutations. Molecular evolutionary analysis has proved to be an efficient method to highlight residues important for the protein function and to predict or validate sensitive positions for genetic disease. Here we analyzed 58 mammalian TNSALP to identify amino acids unchanged, or only substituted by residues sharing similar properties, through 220 millions years of mammalian evolution. We found 469 sensitive positions of the 524 residues of human TNSALP, which indicates a highly constrained protein. Any substitution occurring at one of these positions is predicted to lead to hypophosphatasia. We tested the 204 missense mutations resulting in hypophosphatasia against our predictive chart, and validated 99% of them. Most sensitive positions were located in functionally important regions of TNSALP (active site, homodimeric interface, crown domain, calcium site, ...). However, some important positions are located in regions, the structure and/or biological function of which are still unknown. Our chart of sensitive positions in human TNSALP (i) enables to validate or invalidate at low cost any ALPL mutation, which would be suspected to be responsible for hypophosphatasia, by contrast with time consuming and expensive functional tests, and (ii) displays higher predictive power than in silico models of prediction.
ISSN: 0021-9258

hal-01545479
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01545479
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M114.576843

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Université des Antilles
Résumé : International audience
Political declarations and manuals to combat poverty occur while poverty is sustainable within our society. Then, economic and political leaders consider tourism as a tool for poverty reduction. Policies that judiciously use tourism must allow a catch-up in favor of the poorest.The article emphasizes the complexity of tourism and the need to take into account the tourism project in its entirety. The host territory is the support for tourist consumption which require specific improvements. But the distribution of revenues from tourism, the international movement and the final distribution of the profits must be considered across all local, national and international actors involved in the field of tourism.
Les déclarations politiques et les modes d’emploi destinés à combattre la pauvreté se succèdent tandis que la pauvreté s’inscrit durablement dans notre société. Désormais, les leaders politiques et économiques du moment considèrent le tourisme comme un outil privilégié pour réduire la pauvreté. Des politiques touristiques judicieuses doivent permettre un rattrapage économique en faveur des plus pauvres.L’article insiste sur la complexité du tourisme et la nécessité de prendre en compte le projet touristique dans sa globalité. Le territoire d’accueil est le support de consommations touristiques qui nécessitent des aménagements spécifiques. Mais la répartition des revenus du tourisme, la circulation internationale et la distribution finale des bénéfices doivent être considérées à l’échelle de tous les acteurs locaux, nationaux et internationaux qui interviennent dans le champ du tourisme.
ISSN: 1779-0980

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/
hal-01368478
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01368478
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01368478/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01368478/file/lorsque-le-tourisme-se-preoccupe-de-la-pauvrete.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
STUDY QUESTION: Do mild analgesics affect the endocrine system of the human adult testis? SUMMARY ANSWER: Mild analgesics induce multiple endocrine disturbances in the human adult testis in vitro. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Mild analgesics have recently been incriminated as potential endocrine disruptors. Studies of the effects of these widely used molecules on the androgenic status of men are limited and somewhat contradictory. This prompted us to investigate whether these compounds could alter the adult human testicular function. We therefore assessed in parallel the effects of paracetamol, aspirin and indomethacin on organo-cultured adult human testis and on the NCI-H295R steroid-producing human cell line. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: Adult human testis explants or NCI-H295R adrenocortical human cells were cultured with 10(-4) or 10(-5) M paracetamol, aspirin or indomethacin for 24-48 h. The effect of 10(-5) M ketoconazole, used as an anti-androgenic reference molecule, was also assessed. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Testes were obtained from prostate cancer patients, who had not received any hormone therapy. The protocol was approved by the local ethics committee of Rennes, France and informed consent was given by the donors. Only testes displaying spermatogenesis, as assessed by transillumination, were used in this study. Hormone levels in the culture media were determined by radioimmunoassay (testosterone, insulin-like factor 3), Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (inhibin B) or Enzyme Immunosorbent Assay [prostaglandin (PG) D2, and PGE2]. Tissues were observed and cells counted using classical immunohistochemical methods. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: The three mild analgesics caused multiple endocrine disturbances in the adult human testis. This was particularly apparent in the interstitial compartment. Effective doses were in the same range as those measured in blood plasma following standard analgesic treatment. The production of testosterone and insulin-like factor 3 by Leydig cells was altered by exposure to all these drugs. Inhibin B production by Sertoli cells was marginally affected by aspirin only. Our experiments also revealed that mild analgesics display direct anti-PG activity, which varied depending on the drug used, the dose and the duration of exposure. Nevertheless, associations between the alteration of the PG and testosterone profiles were not systematically observed, suggesting that a combination of mechanisms of endocrine disruption is at play. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: Our studies were performed in vitro. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: We provide the first evidence that direct exposure to mild analgesics can result in multiple endocrine disturbances in the human adult testis. Caution, concerning the consumption of mild analgesics by men, should be strengthened, particularly in high-risk population subgroups such as elite athletes.
ISSN: 0268-1161

inserm-00866016
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00866016
PUBMED : 23670170
DOI : 10.1093/humrep/det112

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Science Bv
Résumé : Small-scale fisheries have traditionally received less research effort than large-scale fisheries and are generally under-studied in Europe. In spite of their comparatively low volume of catches and economic importance, small-scale fisheries are socially important and an integral part of the European coastal zone. Considering the high heterogeneity of situations and the paucity of quantitative data, we used an analytical methodology based on the comparative method. We carried out an analysis of small-scale fisheries (SSFs) in Europe based on a selection of nine case studies. Our objective was to obtain a comprehensive description of small-scale fleets covering different areas/fisheries/species, encompassing the diversity and specific conditions under which SSFs operate, in order to demonstrate the ecological and social sustainability of this often overlooked fisheries segment. A common approach formulated so that the case studies could be compared with the case histories of other competing users, required that for each set of criteria – technical, biological, socio-economic, and institutional – a set of relevant items and indicators was established. An analysis of characteristics common to the selected case studies is conducted and an attempt made to extend our comparisons to the whole of the European Union. Our results show that (as compared with large-scale fleets, their main competitor) small-scale fleets: (i) are composed of smaller vessels and, consequently, travel lower distances to fishing grounds, and are more reliant on coastal areas; (ii) have smaller crews (although the global employment figure is similar to that of large-scale fleets in Europe); (iii) use mostly, but not exclusively, passive gears; (iv) use multi-purpose fishing approaches, and can change the fish species they target during the year; (v) have lower extraction rates; (vi) have lower total capital investments (including fishing rights), turnover and costs; and (vii) have lower fuel consumption, making them less sensitive to changing oil prices. Dependence on subsidies is lower (viii). Involvement in fisheries management is variable, conservation and access regulation measures are largely local in origin. For the selected case studies, the most significant competitors are large-scale fleets, and recreational fisheries, but other sources of interaction (water quality, invasive species, etc.) cannot be ignored.
Fisheries Research (0165-7836) (Elsevier Science Bv), 2013-02 , Vol. 140 , P. 1-13

Droits : 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00118/22934/20757.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.fishres.2012.11.008
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00118/22934/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : Characterizing the trophic relationships between large herbivores and the outstanding plant diversity in rainforest is a major challenge because of their elusiveness. This is crucial to understand the role of these herbivores in the functioning of the rainforest ecosystems. We tested a non-invasive approach based on the high-throughput sequencing of environmental samples using small plant plastid sequences (the trnL P6 loop) and ribosomal ITS1 primers, referred to as DNA metabarcoding, to investigate the diet of the largest neotropical herbivore, the lowland tapir. Sequencing was performed on plant DNA extracted from tapir faeces collected at the Nouragues station, a protected area of French Guiana. In spite of a limited sampling, our approach reliably provided information about the lowland tapir's diet at this site. Indeed, 95.1% and 74.4% of the plant families and genera identified thanks to the trnL P6 loop, respectively, matched with taxa already known to be consumed by tapirs. With this approach we were able to show that two families and eight new genera are also consumed by the lowland tapir. The taxonomic resolution of this method is limited to the plant family and genera. Complementary barcodes, such as a small portion of ITS1, can be used to efficiently narrow identifications down to the species in some problematic families. We will discuss the remaining limitations of this approach and how useful it is at this stage to unravel the diet of elusive rainforest herbivores and better understand their role as engineers of the ecosystem.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-01190578
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01190578
PRODINRA : 209109
PUBMED : 23560107
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0060799

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
MOTIVATION: Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is a maturating technique of molecular imaging. Confidence in the reproducible quality of IMS data is essential for its integration into routine use. However, the predominant method for assessing quality is visual examination, a time consuming, unstandardized and non-scalable approach. So far, the problem of assessing the quality has only been marginally addressed and existing measures do not account for the spatial information of IMS data. Importantly, no approach exists for unbiased evaluation of potential quality measures. RESULTS: We propose a novel approach for evaluating potential measures by creating a gold-standard set using collective expert judgements upon which we evaluated image-based measures. To produce a gold standard, we engaged 80 IMS experts, each to rate the relative quality between 52 pairs of ion images from MALDI-TOF IMS datasets of rat brain coronal sections. Experts' optional feedback on their expertise, the task and the survey showed that (i) they had diverse backgrounds and sufficient expertise, (ii) the task was properly understood, and (iii) the survey was comprehensible. A moderate inter-rater agreement was achieved with Krippendorff's alpha of 0.5. A gold-standard set of 634 pairs of images with accompanying ratings was constructed and showed a high agreement of 0.85. Eight families of potential measures with a range of parameters and statistical descriptors, giving 143 in total, were evaluated. Both signal-to-noise and spatial chaos-based measures performed highly with a correlation of 0.7 to 0.9 with the gold standard ratings. Moreover, we showed that a composite measure with the linear coefficients (trained on the gold standard with regularized least squares optimization and lasso) showed a strong linear correlation of 0.94 and an accuracy of 0.98 in predicting which image in a pair was of higher quality. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The anonymized data collected from the survey and the Matlab source code for data processing can be found at: https://github.com/alexandrovteam/IMS_quality. CONTACT: theodore.alexandrov@embl.de
Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)

hal-01163754
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01163754
DOI : 10.1093/bioinformatics/btv266
PUBMED : 26072506

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : We have studied the phase transformation of forsterite to wadsleyite under shear stress at the Earth's transition zone pressure and temperature conditions. Two-step experiments were performed using a multi-anvil press. First, we hot pressed iron-free forsterite at 6 or 11 GPa and 1100 degrees C. Then we deformed a slab of this starting material using a direct simple shear assembly at 16 GPa and 1400 degrees C for 1, 15, 35, 40, or 60 min. Both the starting material and the deformed samples were characterized using optical and scanning electron microscopy including measurements of crystal preferred orientations (CPO) by electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The phase transformation occurs very rapidly, in less than 1 min, and metastable forsterite relics are not observed after deformation. The grain size of wadsleyite is slightly smaller than the forsterite starting material. The water contents obtained from FTIR analyses in forsterite and wadsleyite are 65-124 wt ppm H2O and 114-736 wt ppm H2O, respectively, which are well below water solubility at similar conditions in the presence of free water. Wadsleyite aggregates display weak CPO patterns with [1 0 0] axes concentrated at low angle to the shear direction, [0 1 0] axes perpendicular to the shear plane and nearly random [0 0 1] axes. Only a few dislocations were observed in wadsleyite with TEM. This observation is consistent with the assumption that most dislocations formed during the initial high-stress stages of these stress-relaxation experiments, were consumed in the phase transformation, probably enhancing the transformation rate. CPO patterns vary as a function of the water content: with increasing water content the density of [1 0 0] axes parallel to the shear direction decreases, and the density of [0 0 1] axes increases. Viscoplastic self-consistent modeling of CPO evolution using previously reported glide systems for wadsleyite, i.e., [1 0 0]{0 k 1} and 1/2 (1 1 1){1 0 1}, cannot reproduce the measured CPO, unless the [0 0 1](0 1 0) system, for which dislocations have not been observed by TEM, is also activated. In addition, wadsleyite grain growth suggests the participation of diffusion-assisted processes in deformation. Calculated anisotropies for P and S-waves using measured CPO are always below 1%. This very low anisotropy is due to both the low finite strain achieved in the experiments, which leads to weak wadsleyite CPO, and to the diluting effect of added majorite. The present experiments emphasize the importance of stress, grain size evolution and water content in the forsterite to wadsleyite phase transformation and subsequent deformation in the transition zone.
ISSN: 0031-9201

hal-00617430
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00617430
DOI : 10.1016/j.pepi.2010.11.001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Half-way between optimization and astronautic, this research study deals with satellites constel- lations design problems. In order to find the required number of satellites and to correctly set their position, such are the technical challenges of this thesis. To minimise the cost and reduce the time such are the economical challenges the space industries are confronted in a daily manner. The major difficulties of these problems are the size and the characteristics of the search space The irregularity of the criterions The mathematical and physical heterogeneity of parameters forbids the use of classical algorithms The evaluation of a solution, which uses a time consuming evalua- tion without returning pertinent information about the good or bad properties of the constellations, forbid a massive exploration of the search space. From this constatation and several preliminary studies a new approach is born. Based on a better use of the simulation and on a simplification of the criterions, the algorithm is composed of several levels and uses different optimization techniques it integrates a knowledge database on the orbits and a numerical optimization process both orchestrated by a metaheuristic algorithm. This new approach tries to bypass the main drawbacks of the field with a decomposition of the problem.
A mi-chemin entre l optimisation et l astronautique ce travail de recherche s attaque au problème du design de constellations de satellites Déterminer le nombre de satellites nécessaires pour ré- pondre à un besoin et les positionner de manière correcte tels sont les enjeux techniques de cette thèse Minimiser les coûts et les délais tels sont les enjeux économiques auxquels est confronté le domaine spatial au quotidien Les difficultés majeures de ce problème sont d une part la taille et les caractéristiques de l espace de recherche; D autre part la non-régularité des critères utilisés et la nature mathématique et phy- sique hétérogène de l ensemble des paramètres (paramètres entiers et paramètres réels) interdisant l utilisation d algorithmes classiques; Enfin l évaluation des solutions qui met en oeuvre une simu- lation coûteuse en temps et en calculs sans retourner d information pertinente sur les bonnes ou mauvaises propriétés de la constellation évaluée interdit une exploration massive de l espace de recherche De ces constatations et de diverses études préliminaires est née une nouvelle approche Basé sur une meilleure exploitation de la simulation et sur une simplification des critères utilisés l algorithme composé de plusieurs niveaux met en oeuvre plusieurs techniques d optimisation En intégrant une base de connaissance sur les orbites et une méthode numérique de recherche d optimum le tout or- chestré par un algorithme métaheuristique cette nouvelle approche tente de résoudre les difficultés intrinsèques au domaine d application en décomposant le problème.
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00634769

tel-00634769
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00634769
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00634769/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00634769/file/grandchamp_phd_2001.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
In many situations it is important to be able to propose N independent real- izations of a given distribution law. We propose a strategy for making N parallel Monte Carlo Markov Chains (MCMC) interact in order to get an approximation of an indepen- dent N-sample of a given target law. In this method each individual chain proposes can- didates for all other chains. We prove that the set of interacting chains is itself a MCMC method for the product of N target measures. Compared to independent parallel chains this method is more time consuming, but we show through examples that it possesses many advantages. This approach is applied to a biomass evolution model.
International Conference on Applied Statistics for Development in Africa Sada'07
Cotonou, Benin

inria-00506398
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00506398
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00506398/document
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00506398/file/campillo2007b.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Geological Society
Résumé : International audience
A polyphase history of oceanic construction and consumption is documented by the distribution of the Tethyan ophiolitic suture zones in Iran. Despite the geodynamic significance of these suture zones, few modern petrological and geochronological data are available from these ophiolitic domains, hampering a full assessment of the timing, thermobaric regimes and palaeotectonic scenarios leading to oceanic suturing and continental assembly in Iran and, more in general, along the southern margin of Eurasia. In this paper, we describe a newly discovered HP ophiolite mélange within the Rasht ophiolites, at the NW termination of the Palaeo-Tethyan suture in Iran. Petrological investigations on the metamorphic units embedded within the ophiolite mélange are integrated with whole-rock geochemistry and Ar–Ar phengite geochronology to constrain the geotectonic setting of formation and to define the associated P–T–t paths. We provide evidence that the Rasht ophiolite domain corresponds to an exhumed subduction complex formed during Early Carboniferous (c. 350 Ma) subduction of a branch of the Palaeo-Tethyan oceanic realm, with peak metamorphism equilibrated under blueschist- to eclogite-facies metamorphic conditions. Implications of these data for the palaeotectonic reconstruction during closure of the Palaeo-Tethyan ocean and the terminal collisional assembly along the southern margin of the Eurasia plate are also discussed.
ISSN: 0016-7649

hal-01571998
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01571998
DOI : 10.1144/jgs2016-130

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Traffic air pollution is a major health problem and is recognized as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Even so the role of particles-induced adverse health effects is well established, recent studies outlined the contribution of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in these effects, in particular on the cardiovascular function. The main sources of this pollutant are oxidation catalysts used to reduce emissions of carbon monoxide and non-methane hydrocarbons from the exhaust of diesel engines and also to facilitate filter regeneration. However, the contribution of NO2 compared to other gaseous and particulate pollutants remains unknown. Consequently, the main objective of this study was to analyze the specific contributions of NO2 in the traffic-related air pollution-induced cardiovascular adverse effects. For this, Wistar rats were exposed for 3 weeks (3h/day, 5 days/week) to either a continuous flow of catalyzed diesel exhaust (DE), particle free or whole DE (particles concentration 2mg/m3), either to a continuous flow of NO2 used at a concentration identical to that measured in the exhaust line. The composition of the emission and the NO2 analyses were monitored on-line during the whole experiment. We evaluated cardiac function and biological effects after 16h recovery in clean air. DE or NO2 exposures induced a modest cardiac dysfunction characterized by an increase in left ventricular diameters and a decrease in fractional shortening. In the case of DE, the presence of particles did not worsen the impairment of cardiac function. In parallel to this effect, mitochondrial function was altered as illustrated by the reduction of the oxygen consumption and of the ATP production. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species was increased only by the NO2 exposure. In conclusion, these results suggest that DE-induced cardiac dysfunction is due to, at least in part, to NO2 present in DE.
Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements
Toulouse, France

hal-01150495
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01150495
DOI : 10.1016/S1878-6480(15)30036-7

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Indigenous territories comprise extensive areas of tropical forest and hold significant social and conservation value. Today, they are subject to various constraints and opportunities, and face many territorial transformations. These transformations are complex and multifaceted. They involve the adoption of new production and consumption modes, the modification of forms of social organisation and identity and territorial claims. However, the links between these on-going processes are still poorly understood, and make difficult to appreciate the adaptation dynamics of indigenous common natural resources management. This thesis is particularly concerned with the territorial dynamics of the Wayãpi and Teko indigenous people of the municipality of Camopi in French Guiana. It integrates methods that include land use analysis using remotely sensed data, socio-economic and agricultural systems analysis at the household scale, and empirical analysis on the influence of identity claims, kinship networks, and conservation policies. It shows that despite the residential settlement around local towns, the growth of cash income from wage labour and welfare, associated with strong kinship networks, allows the revival of mobility and the diversification of indigenous territorialities. Environmental policies implemented on the territory involve processes of identity and territorial claims and motivate the construction of a collective project of endogenous local development. A comparative approach with the situation of the wayãpi people living in Brazil and evolving in a completely different institutional, socio-economic and environmental context shows similar dynamics. Indigenous peoples of these two sites adopt "multi-local" land use systems, allowing them to extend their territory occupation and taking part of a broader dynamic of territorial and identity affirmation. They articulate forest and local town environments. This multi-local land use system can be interpreted as a new form of environmental governance, which overcomes the access difficulties to natural resources around local towns and ensures their sovereignty over the territory.
Les territoires amérindiens couvrent de vastes étendues de forêts tropicales et possèdent une forte valeur sociale et environnementale. Soumis à des contraintes et opportunités variées, ils sont de nos jours le siège de nombreuses transformations territoriales. Ces transformations sont complexes et multiformes. Elles impliquent l'adoption de nouveaux modes de production et de consommation, le réajustement des formes d'organisation sociale et des dynamiques de réaffirmation identitaire et territoriale. Or les liens entre tous ces processus sont encore mal compris, et rendent délicate la compréhension des dynamiques d'adaptation des systèmes amérindiens de gestion des ressources communes. Cette thèse s'intéresse particulièrement aux dynamiques territoriales des Amérindiens wayãpi et teko de la commune de Camopi en Guyane française. Elle intègre des données sur l'occupation du sol obtenues par télédétection, des données socio-économiques et productives à l'échelle des ménages et des données qualitatives sur les processus identitaires, les réseaux de parenté, les politiques de conservation et la gouvernance du territoire. Elle montre que malgré la sédentarisation de l'habitat autour des bourgs locaux, la croissance des revenus monétaires issus des emplois salariés et des aides sociales, combinée avec le maintien de réseaux de parenté et d'entraide, permet une redynamisation des systèmes de mobilité et une diversification des territorialités amérindiennes. De plus, les politiques environnementales mises en place sur le territoire impliquent des processus de territorialisation et de revendications identitaires et motivent la construction collective d'un projet de développement local endogène. Une approche comparative avec la situation des Amérindiens wayãpi vivant au Brésil et évoluant dans un contexte socio-économique, institutionnel et environnemental bien différent montre des dynamiques similaires. Les Amérindiens de ces deux pays adoptent des systèmes d'exploitation du territoire multi-locaux, leur permettant d'étendre leur occupation du territoire et s'inscrivant dans une dynamique de réaffirmation identitaire et territoriale. Ils articulent ainsi les espaces de la forêt et des bourgs. Cette forme d'exploitation multi-locale du territoire peut être interprétée comme une nouvelle forme de gouvernance environnementale, qui leur permet de contourner les difficultés d'accès aux ressources naturelles autour des bourgs et d'affirmer leur souveraineté sur le territoire.
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00831619

tel-00831619
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00831619
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00831619/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00831619/file/These_TRITSCH_mai2013_vf.pdf