Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Université des Antilles
Résumé : International audience
Develop tourism as a tool in the fight against poverty requires first to agree on the meaning of the word poverty and to clarify the political intentions of the project. Reflection on the reduction of poverty through the tourism can be synthesized in three steps: first, the beneficial effects of runoff from tourist revenues in host societies, then the collateral damage resulting from tourism and, finally, to define the conditions necessary to integrate positively tourism project in the host territories.In the end, it is indispensable to develop a proactive policy, because the poorest will not benefit from famous income runoff. Taking into account complex and contradictory impact of international tourism (including inflation, revenue leakage, deconstruction accelerated of local societies), it is necessary to include it in a sustained and coherent territorial project by local communities to identify real benefits.
Concevoir le tourisme comme un outil de lutte contre la pauvreté nécessite en premier lieu de s’entendre sur le sens du mot pauvreté et de clarifier les intentions politiques d’un tel projet. La réflexion sur la réduction de la pauvreté grâce au tourisme peut être synthétisée en trois temps : tout d’abord, les effets bénéfiques du ruissellement des revenus touristiques dans les sociétés d’accueil, ensuite les dommages collatéraux qui résultent du tourisme et, finalement, définir les conditions nécessaires pour intégrer favorablement le projet touristique dans les territoires hôtes. Au final, il apparaît indispensable de développer une politique volontariste, car le fameux ruissellement de revenus ne va pas naturellement profiter aux plus démunis. Compte tenu des impacts complexes et contradictoires du tourisme international (notamment en matière d’inflation, de fuites des revenus, de déstructuration accélérée des sociétés locales), il faut l’inscrire dans un projet d’un territorial cohérent et soutenu par les communautés locales afin de dégager de réels bénéfices.
ISSN: 1779-0980

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/
hal-01368491
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01368491
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01368491/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01368491/file/tourisme-et-lutte-contre-la-pauvrete-opportunites-et-defis.pdf
DOI : 10.4000/etudescaribeennes.6601

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Université des Antilles
Résumé : International audience
The power of attraction of the islands is well established, between the power of intangible resources fed by representations built over time and specific natural and cultural resources of these territories borders. Tourism then appears as an undeniable opportunity. However, the singular territorial context that the island must be considered to weigh the issues of tourism development and opening to the world. In this context it is necessary to develop efficient indicators to measure the sustainability of the tourism project as well as the development of the tourism sector which is only one step (and not an end in itself) in the opening process the island.
Le pouvoir d’attraction des îles n’est plus à démontrer, entre la puissance des ressources intangibles nourries par des représentations construites au fil du temps et les ressources naturelles et culturelles spécifiques de ces territoires de confins. Le tourisme apparait alors comme une opportunité indéniable. Néanmoins le contexte territorial singulier qui fait l’île doit être pris en considération pour bien mesurer les enjeux du développement touristique et l’ouverture sur le monde. Dans ce contexte, il convient de se doter d’indicateurs efficients pour mesurer la soutenabilité du projet touristique sans oublier que le développement du secteur touristique n’est qu’une étape (et non une fin en soi) dans le processus d’ouverture de l’île.
ISSN: 1779-0980

hal-00987544
https://hal-univ-corse.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00987544

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Université des Antilles
Résumé : International audience
Cruise tourism is a sector that is rapidly expanding (16 million passengers in 2011). Today, cruising remains an essentially American affair, dominated by North American clients whose preferred destination is the Caribbean Sea. American cruise circuits continue to extend and diversify from the Panama Canal to the edge of Alaska. Meanwhile, cruises strengthen their position on the Mediterranean and Baltic Seas and has launched in East Asia from shores of the South China Sea to major rivers. Between continuity and recomposition, the cruise industry faces several challenges such as the limits of overcapacity (more than 6,000 passengers on board), its relationship with the host territories (ports of call), and the renewal of the “cruise” products.
Le tourisme de croisière est un secteur d’activité en pleine expansion (16 millions de passagers en 2011). De nos jours, la croisière reste encore une affaire essentiellement américaine, dominée par les clientèles nord-américaines, et dont le champ spatial privilégié est la mer des Caraïbes. Les circuits américains de la croisière s’étendent et se diversifient, du canal du Panama aux confins de l’Alaska. Parallèlement, la croisière conforte sa position sur les mers méditerranéenne et baltique et se déploie en Asie orientale, des rivages de la mer de Chine aux grands fleuves. Entre permanences et recompositions, l’industrie de la croisière doit relever plusieurs défis tels que les limites du gigantisme (plus de 6 000 passagers à bord), ses relations avec les territoires d’accueil (les ports d’escales), le renouvellement du produit « croisière ».
ISSN: 1779-0980

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/
hal-01368523
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01368523
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01368523/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01368523/file/le-tourisme-de-croisiere-dans-le-monde-permanences-et-recompositions%20%281%29.pdf
DOI : 10.4000/etudescaribeennes.5629

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Université des Antilles
Résumé : International audience
Ecotourism provides an original conceptual framework that enables approaches to development that are better able to provide a more equitable distribution of income, as well as better organized and thought through initiatives which are more likely to promote a holistic sustainable local development. With somewhat less negative impact than normal tourism, considerably less that mass tourism, ecotourism can encompass nature tourism, cultural tourism, scientific exploration, and even outdoor sports... A definition of ecotourism should take into account the following six points: 1/ nature and culture, 2/ the welfare of the host community, tourists acting responsibly, 3/ participation by the local community, 5 / sustainability , 6/ promotion of cultural exchanges.
L’écotourisme ouvre un cadre conceptuel original qui permet d’envisager des démarches renouvelées de développement à partir des revenus issus de consommations touristiques mieux réfléchies et organisées, susceptibles de soutenir des initiatives de développement local s’inscrivant dans un projet global de développement durable. Variante douce du tourisme, loin du tourisme de masse, le champ de l’écotourisme s’étend aux confins du tourisme de nature, du tourisme culturel et des pratiques scientifiques et sportives de plein air. Une définition de l’écotourisme peut être proposée à partir des six points suivants : 1/ nature et culture, 2/ le bien-être des sociétés hôtes, 3/ des touristes responsables, 4/ la participation des sociétés hôtes, 5/ la durabilité, 6/ l’art de la rencontre.
ISSN: 1779-0980

hal-01624739
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01624739
DOI : 10.4000/etudescaribeennes.414

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Diabetes Association
Résumé : International audience
OBJECTIVE: To compare incidences and risk factors for diabetes using seven definitions, with combinations of pharmacological treatment, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥7.0 mmol/L, and HbA(1c) ≥6.5%. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Participants aged 30-65 years from the Data from an Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (DESIR) cohort were followed for 9 years. RESULTS: More men had incident diabetes as defined by FPG ≥7.0 mmol/L and/or treatment than by HbA(1c) ≥6.5% and/or treatment: 7.5% (140/1,867) and 5.3% (99/1,874), respectively (P < 0.009); for women incidences were similar: 3.2% (63/1,958) and 3.4% (66/1,954). Known risk factors predicted diabetes for almost all definitions. Among those with incident diabetes by FPG alone versus HbA(1c) alone, there were more men (78 vs. 35%), case patients were 8 years younger, and fewer were alcohol abstainers (12 vs. 35%) (all P < 0.005). A diabetes risk score discriminated well between those with and without incident diabetes for all definitions. CONCLUSIONS: In men, FPG definitions yielded more incident cases of diabetes than HbA(1c) definitions, in contrast with women. An FPG-derived risk score remained relevant for HbA(1c)-defined diabetes.
Diabetes Care

inserm-00739799
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00739799
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00739799/document
DOI : 10.2337/dc10-1581
PUBMED : 21346181

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Université des Antilles
Résumé : International audience
For a few years, Caribean population have discovered and have been using their seashores. However, because of the developpement of international tourism, the building of trading ports and the implementation of free trading zones, seashores are discontinuous access is often denied to local populations.
Les enclaves, qu’elles soient touristiques, industrielles, commerciales ou environnementales semblent être l’aboutissement de politiques de gestion qui ont mené à la marchandisation des littoraux de la Caraïbe. Elles apparaissent au moment où les insulaires occupent et s’approprient ces rivages. Les enclaves constituent des discontinuités aux synapses étroitement fermées vers l’île et au contraire ouvertes sur l’économie globalisée
ISSN: 1779-0980

hal-01174357
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01174357
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01174357/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01174357/file/etudescaribeennes-543-3-territorialisation-et-enclaves-littorales-dans-les-iles-de-la-caraibe.pdf
DOI : 10.4000/etudescaribeennes.543

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Association culturelle Diacronie
Résumé : International audience
Is it possible to construct a history of France’s ‘colonial exhibitions’ without mentioning those organized in the Nineteenth Century at Bordeaux, Nantes, Metz, Le Havre, Lyon, Rochefort, Cherbourg, Beauvais, Nice, Montauban, Rouen and Tours? By studying the scenography of these little-known provincial exhibitions, this paper seeks, firstly, to understand the economic, political and especially symbolic issues for these towns (especially the ports) around the construction of their colonial identities; secondly, it wants to determine the role of the State in the dissemination and gradual popularization of a unified national discourse.
Peut-on construire une histoire des ‘expositions coloniales’ françaises sans parler de celles organisées au XIXe siècle à Bordeaux, Nantes, Metz, Le Havre, Lyon, Rochefort, Cherbourg, Beauvais, Nice, Montauban, Rouen, Tours? En étudiant la scénographie de ces expositions provinciales peu connues, cet article propose, d’une part, de comprendre les enjeux économiques, politiques et surtout symboliques pour ces villes (particulièrement les ports) autour de la construction de leurs identités coloniales et, d’autre part, de déterminer le rôle de l’État dans la diffusion et la vulgarisation progressive d’un discours national unifié.
Si può forse ricostruire una storia delle ‘mostre coloniali’ francesi senza accennare a quelle organizzate nel XIX secolo a Bordeaux, Nantes, Metz, Le Havre, Lione, Rochefort, Cherbourg, Beauvais, Nizza, Montauban, Rouen, Tours? Analizzando la scenografia di queste mostre provinciali poco conosciute, il presente contributo si propone, in primo luogo, di mettere in luce i risvolti economici, politici e soprattutto simbolici che per quelle città (in particolare quelle portuali) si manifestarono intorno alla costruzione delle loro identità coloniali e, in secondo luogo, di determinare il ruolo dello Stato nella diffusione e progressiva estensione di un discorso nazionale unitario.
ISSN: 2038-0925

hal-01092401
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01092401

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The tourist activity, by its international character and as a constantly expanding economic sector emerges as a means of obtaining international recognition being meanwhile an important economic sector of the national economy. In Romania case it appears as an "air breath" for an economic system in crisis and an extremely rolonged period of transition. By the dynamics, human and financial flow which it triggers, through the multiple forms which it covers, through the ability by which some thresholds (i.e. ideological or political) can impose an evolving path, tourism represents an economic sector for the countries in transition which can re-lauch or re-direct the subsequent evolution of a national economy. In ordeur to reach to these parameters a re-definition and a re-discovery of the real tourist potential is required in Romania case.
Condtions of the Foreign Tourism Developement in Central and Eastern Europe. Problems of the Development of Ecotourism with Special Emphasis on Mountain Areas

ISBN : 83-87196-28-2
hal-01412866
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01412866
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01412866/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01412866/file/2002%20Alternatives%20for%20the%20development%20of%20tourism%20in%20Romania.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Université des Antilles
Résumé : International audience
There are a number of tourism destinations which wish to be part of the luxury destination market; with their new and modern infrastructures, they believe they are considered as luxury. But, luxury is not decreed. Luxury is all about a system of production of specific offers. Only “one-of-a-kind” accommodation enrolled in the exceptional frameworks (nature or historical), sometimes in the heart of major capitals for exclusive enjoyment “between-ourself”, can be considered as luxury. The objective of this study is to identify luxury in the tourism field, to define its indicators and to identify the necessary conditions of luxury tourism through accommodation, attractions and destinations specialized in luxury tourism propaganda!
Nombre de destinations se réclament du tourisme de luxe ; vantant les mérites des nouvelles constructions ex nihilo, elles imaginent s’imposer dans le champ du tourisme de luxe sans en connaître les fondements. Or, le luxe ne se décrète pas. Le luxe s’inscrit dans un système de production de l’offre spécifique. Il privilégie des établissements singuliers inscrits dans les cadres exceptionnels (nature ou historique) parfois au cœur des grandes capitales pour une jouissance exclusive entre-soi. L’objectif de cette étude est de cerner le luxe dans le champ du tourisme, de définir des indicateurs, d’identifier les conditions nécessaires au tourisme de luxe à travers des établissements, des lieux, des destinations spécialisés.
ISSN: 1779-0980

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/
hal-01364467
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01364467
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01364467/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01364467/file/Le%20luxe%20dans%20le%20champ%20du%20tourisme.pdf
DOI : 10.4000/etudescaribeennes.7470

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Up-to-date estimates of the health outcomes of preterm children are needed for assessing perinatal care, informing parents, making decisions about care, and providing evidence for clinical guidelines. To determine survival and neonatal morbidity of infants born from 22 through 34 completed weeks' gestation in France in 2011 and compare these outcomes with a comparable cohort in 1997. The EPIPAGE-2 study is a national, prospective, population-based cohort study conducted in all maternity and neonatal units in France in 2011. A total of 2205 births (stillbirths and live births) and terminations of pregnancy at 22 through 26 weeks' gestation, 3257 at 27 through 31 weeks, and 1234 at 32 through 34 weeks were studied. Cohort data were collected from January 1 through December 31, 1997, and from March 28 through December 31, 2011. Analyses for 1997 were run for the entire year and then separately for April to December; the rates for survival and morbidities did not differ. Data are therefore presented for the whole year in 1997 and the 8-month and 6-month periods in 2011. Survival to discharge and survival without any of the following adverse outcomes: grade III or IV intraventricular hemorrhage, cystic periventricular leukomalacia, severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity (stage 3 or higher), or necrotizing enterocolitis (stages 2-3). A total of 0.7% of infants born before 24 weeks' gestation survived to discharge: 31.2% of those born at 24 weeks, 59.1% at 25 weeks, and 75.3% at 26 weeks. Survival rates were 93.6% at 27 through 31 weeks and 98.9% at 32 through 34 weeks. Infants discharged home without severe neonatal morbidity represented 0% at 23 weeks, 11.6% at 24 weeks, 30.0% at 25 weeks, 47.5% at 26 weeks, 81.3% at 27 through 31 weeks, and 96.8% at 32 through 34 weeks. Compared with 1997, the proportion of infants surviving without severe morbidity in 2011 increased by 14.4% (P < .001) at 25 through 29 weeks and 6% (P < .001) at 30 through 31 weeks but did not change appreciably for those born at less than 25 weeks. The rates of antenatal corticosteroid use, induced preterm deliveries, cesarean deliveries, and surfactant use increased significantly in all gestational-age groups, except at 22 through 23 weeks. The substantial improvement in survival in France for newborns born at 25 through 31 weeks' gestation was accompanied by an important reduction in severe morbidity, but survival remained rare before 25 weeks. Although improvement in survival at extremely low gestational age may be possible, its effect on long-term outcomes requires further studies. The long-term results of the EPIPAGE-2 study will be informative in this regard.
ISSN: 2168-6211

hal-01258705
http://hal.univ-brest.fr/hal-01258705
PUBMED : 25621457
DOI : 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.3351

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Cet article traite de la spécificité de l’activité touristique à Bali, fondée sur une identité locale forte et un riche patrimoine naturel et culturel mais aussi troublante en raison de l’importance et la complexité des jeux d’acteurs, ou encore des contextes sociaux, religieux et géopolitiques propres à ce territoire insulaire. Nous analyserons les liens pérennes ou non entre patrimoine et développement en focalisant sur ce qui fait l’image de marque de Bali sur les plans touristique et politique : le tourisme culturel. Cette étude de cas illustre les dynamiques d’acteurs dans le cadre de l’île de Bali où l’on constate une forte imbrication entre tourisme international, protection de l’environnement et promotion du patrimoine culturel. Vendue comme un paradis tropical, perçue comme l'île des Dieux, Bali se voit contrainte de mesurer les risques d'un tourisme culturel qui se transformerait trop rapidement en culture touristique. Des pistes seront proposées afin d’encourager l’ensemble des acteurs à œuvrer pour que le « dernier paradis » (last paradise) ne devienne pas un « paradis perdu » (lost paradise).
Since the 1930s, Bali has been generally seen as a traditional tourism destination quite fashionable. Nowadays, a new kind of tourism, rather esoteric if not totally spiritual, is emerging on this small “paradise” often referred as a natural untouched and cultural preserved island. To attire more international tourists, the “Island of Gods”, as the tourism promoters still name this tropical holiday paradise, is now also targeting on the industry of “well-being”. This article deals about the specificity of the local tourism activity which is based on a strong cultural identity and a rich natural and also religious heritage. Uncontrolled development of this predatory industry brings also a lot of new problems, such as pollution or acculturation. Here, our aim is to focus and analyse the real and false ties between heritage, development and tourism, always by keeping in mind that the regional motto about tourism policy still is to encourage “cultural tourism” as a real model (a “brand”, in fact) of success. We especially try to explain, in this current work (still in progress), the touristic situation in the main cultural site located on the island: Ubud. This small city, really boosting during the last decade, is worldwide reputed for the rich cultural performances and seen as “the” artistic capital of Bali. Ubud offers also a perfect example of an intense and dynamic bond between cultural heritage and economic development. Often for the best and sometimes also for the worse. In this rural but international spot, it seems that tourism business allows the local population to live in better ways and, sometimes, even to reborn, culturally speaking! Our case study shows also the big threats behind the current tourism policy: the large scale business occurred by globalization and all the tourism opportunities thus provided cannot hide the real weakness that for sure also concern the balinese way of thinking and living. Cultural tourism could rapidly be transformed in a dangerous kind of tourism of the culture, with all the big (and bad) changes the Balinese don’t want to see happening on their lovely and holy island. So, the present reflection conducts us to think more deeply on some new and alternative ways of developing tourism in Bali. Finally, our aim is to think, first by listening to the desire of the Balinese themselves, in which best manner this “last paradise” will not become a “lost paradise”.
Bali

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.5385
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/5385

Résumé : The maritime economy includes the activities linked to the sea, namely: - Marine resource extraction: living resources and marine minerals, - Exploitation of marine space and of physical properties of marine waters (energy plants - using marine water as a heat sink, marine renewable energies, submarine cable laying, - maritime and coastal construction and public works, maritime transport, Navy), - Exploitation of seascapes (tourism, leisure, boating), - Resource processing (of living resources and oil & gas) - Manufacturing and service industries supplying the above exploitation activities: shipbuilding, ship repair and boat building and their suppliers, oil and gas services, financial services, - Public services: defence; State intervention at sea and public services to maritime activities and to seafarers; public and private activities contributing to the protection of marine and coastal environment; and public research. Since 1997, the French Marine Economic Data report, published by Ifremer, includes a set of key sectoral indicators used to value the economic significance of the French marine-related activities in terms of production and jobs, their role in the national economy, their weight in international competition and the importance of non-market public services. The analysis of the marine sectors is carried out mainly at national scale but regional indicators are also presented when they are available. The European dimension of the activities is also taken into account.

Droits : 2014 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00253/36455/34990.pdf
DOI:10.13155/36455
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00253/36455/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The French education system remains highly centralized and only allows limited local adaptations for overseas territories. For example, if some laws (the last in 2013) allow the use of regional languages (e.g. Creole in the French West Indies) when they constitute a relevant contribution to the teaching, many official texts remain mainly based on the geographical, economical, historical, environment of the French mainland. We focus on some French BTS (Brevet de Technicien Supérieur / Advanced Technician Certificate), namely tourism and assistant manager, which are two important diplomas for the local development and in which microeconomic and management sciences plays a great part. The French BTS is a professional diploma prepared in two years after the “baccalauréat”, with national programs and evaluation criteria. The successful candidates are supposed to be immediately employable, especially in their local geographical environment. Thus, there exists a paradox between the national definition of the diploma and the local contexts of teaching. We discuss how teachers concretely deal with this situation on a day-to-day basis. Our hypothesis is that they act pragmatically, using their practical pedagogical content knowledge, without theoretical support for their action. In order to verify this hypothesis, we have conducted semi-structured interview with Guadeloupian teachers of the two aforementioned BTS. The main results shows that teachers adapt the national framework of the diploma, essentially by using local examples. This can be called a weak contextualization of the national texts. Indeed, these adaptations remain limited by fear of disadvantaging the students for the national exam. In addition, many context effects are shown, for example linked with local rules (concerning VAT, custom duties...) which are only partially taken into account by teachers. This demonstrates that the French educative system has not yet completely solved the opposition between national guideline and decentralization of the educational action.
19th General Meeting and Biennial Conference “Harnessing Science and Technology to create knowledge-base Economies and preserve Caribbean Ecosystems”
Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago

hal-01535045
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01535045

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : This paper examines the changing fortunes of Durban as a tourist city from the apartheid to the post apartheid eras. Durban has long earned its prime position as one of South Africa’s most popular year‑round tourist destination. In keeping with the dictates of apartheid, the city catered largely for the needs of the white minority, while that of the black majority was largely ignored. With political changes and shifts in both the international and domestic markets, an effort had to be made to reposition tourism in the city. In order to successfully promote its tourism opportunities, Durban attempted to enhance its image and appeal by promoting its sports, convention and cultural attractions. The democratic transition of the 1990s provided many challenges, the most enduring of which was the need to cater for the emerging black tourist market. There was also an urgency to address problems of crime and grime, disparities in the distribution of labour market opportunities, especially in terms of race and gender within the tourism sector. A serious threat to tourism in Durban is unemployment and alienation of the majority of African people from the industry.
Ce document examine l'évolution des dynamiques touristiques de la ville de Durban dans un contexte post-apartheided. La ville de Durban s’est imposée comme l'une des destinations touristiques les plus populaires d’'Afrique du Sud. En accord avec les diktats de l'apartheid, pour satisfaire les souhaits d’une minorité blanche, l’organisation de la ville avait ignoré les besoin de la majorité noire. Aujourd’hui la ville de Durban se repositionne sur l’échiquier touristique, portée par les changements politiques intérieurs et les opportunités des marchés touristiques internationaux et nationaux. Afin de se positionner avec succèssur ce marché, la ville de Durban renforce son image autour de la promotion son front de mer, des sports nautiques, du tourisme de congrés, et des animations culturelles. La transition démocratique des années 1990 a fourni de nombreux défis et oppportunités dans la première sur le plan touristique fut de se positionner sur le nouveau marché touristique noir. Cal passe aussi par les urgence à résoudre sur le plan de la criminalité, de l’hygiène et de la résorption des disparités sur le marché du travail, en particulier en termes de race et de l'égalité des sexes dans le secteur du tourisme. Les plus sérieuses limites pour le tourisme à Durban sont le chômage et la marginalisation de la majorité des African people.
Afrique du Sud
Durban

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.1192
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/1192

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Résumé : International audience
The Tian Shan Mountains constitute central Asia's longest and highest mountain range. Understanding their Cenozoic uplift history thus bears on mountain building processes in general, and on how deformation has occurred under the influence of the India-Asia collision in particular. In order to help decipher the uplift history of the Tian Shan, we collected 970 samples for magnetostratigraphic analysis along a 4571-m-thick section at the Jingou River (Xinjiang Province, China). Stepwise alternating field and thermal demagnetization isolate a linear magnetization component that is interpreted as primary. From this component, a magnetostratigraphic column composed of 67 polarity chrons are correlated with the reference geomagnetic polarity timescale between ~1 Ma and ~23.6 Ma, with some uncertainty below ~21 Ma. This correlation places precise temporal control on the Neogene stratigraphy of the southern Junggar Basin and provides evidence for two significant stepwise increases in sediment accumulation rate at ~16–15 Ma and ~11–10 Ma. Rock magnetic parameters also undergo important changes at ~16–15 Ma and ~11–10 Ma that correlate with changes in sedimentary depositional environments. Together with previous work, we conclude that growth history of the modern Tian Shan Mountains includes two pulses of uplift and erosion at ~16–15 Ma and ~11–10 Ma. Middle to upper Tertiary rocks around the Tian Shan record very young (<~5 Ma) counterclockwise paleomagnetic rotations, on the order of 15° to 20°, which are interpreted as because of strain partitioning with a component of sinistral shear that localized rotations in the piedmont.
ISSN: 0278-7407

insu-00376345
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00376345
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00376345/document
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00376345/file/2007TC002137.pdf
DOI : 10.1029/2007TC002137

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Objective To guide nosology and classification of patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) based on phenotype and presence or absence of ANCA. Methods Organ manifestations and ANCA status were retrospectively analyzed based on the presence or not of predefined definite vasculitis features or surrogates of vasculitis in patients asthma, eosinophilia, and at least one systemic organ manifestation attributable to systemic disease. Results The study population included 157 patients (mean age 49.4 ± 14.1), with a follow-up of 7.4 ± 6.4 years. Patients with ANCA (31%) more frequently had weight loss, myalgias, arthralgias, biopsy-proven vasculitis, glomerulonephritis on biopsy, hematuria, leukocytoclastic capillaritis and/or eosinophilic infiltration of arterial wall on biopsy, and other renal disease. A total of 41% of patients had definite vasculitis manifestations (37%) or strong surrogates of vasculitis (4%), of whom only 53% had ANCA. Mononeuritis multiplex was associated with systemic vasculitis (p = 0.005) and with the presence of ANCA (p < 0.001). Overall, 59% of patients had polyangiitis as defined by definite vasculitis, strong surrogate of vasculitis, mononeuritis multiplex, and/or ANCA with at least one systemic manifestation other than ENT or respiratory. Patients with polyangiitis had more systemic manifestations including arthralgias (p = 0.02) and renal disease (p = 0.024), had higher peripheral eosinophilia (p = 0.027), and a trend towards less myocarditis (p = 0.057). Using predefined criteria of vasculitis and surrogates of vasculitis, ANCA alone were found to be insufficient to categorise patients with vasculitis features. Conclusion We suggest a revised nomenclature and definition for EGPA and a new proposed entity referred to as hypereosinophilic asthma with systemic (non vasculitic) manifestations. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
Autoimmunity Reviews

hal-01467544
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01467544
DOI : 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.09.018
PUBMED : 27671089

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Université des Antilles
Résumé : International audience
Cruise tourism is a sector that is rapidly expanding (16 million passengers in 2011). Today, cruising remains an essentially American affair, dominated by North American clients whose preferred destination is the Caribbean Sea. American cruise circuits continue to extend and diversify from the Panama Canal to the edge of Alaska. Meanwhile, cruises strengthen their position on the Mediterranean and Baltic Seas and has launched in East Asia from shores of the South China Sea to major rivers. Between continuity and recomposition, the cruise industry faces several challenges such as the limits of overcapacity (more than 6,000 passengers on board), its relationship with the host territories (ports of call), and the renewal of the “cruise” products.
Le tourisme de croisière est un secteur d’activité en pleine expansion (16 millions de passagers en 2011). De nos jours, la croisière reste encore une affaire essentiellement américaine, dominée par les clientèles nord-américaines, et dont le champ spatial privilégié est la mer des Caraïbes. Les circuits américains de la croisière s’étendent et se diversifient, du canal du Panama aux confins de l’Alaska. Parallèlement, la croisière conforte sa position sur les mers méditerranéenne et baltique et se déploie en Asie orientale, des rivages de la mer de Chine aux grands fleuves. Entre permanences et recompositions, l’industrie de la croisière doit relever plusieurs défis tels que les limites du gigantisme (plus de 6 000 passagers à bord), ses relations avec les territoires d’accueil (les ports d’escales), le renouvellement du produit « croisière ».
ISSN: 1779-0980

hal-01624751
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01624751
DOI : 10.4000/etudescaribeennes.5629

Éditeur(s) : s.n. s.n. ( S.l )
Résumé : (Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references (p. 253-276).
(Statement of Responsibility) prepared under the aegis of the Caribbean Conservation Association on behalf of the government of Grenada, Ministry of External Affairs, Agriculture, Lands, Forestry, Tourism, and Legal Affairs with the technical support of the Island Resources Foundation, St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands and the Grenada National Trust ; funding provided by the U.S. Agency for International Development.
"Draft prepared 1989-1990, edited and published 1991."
Grenada
Grenada
Grenada

24561423

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Cette étude s’attache à caractériser les étapes du développement de la plaisance dans le port du Marin (Martinique) qui est devenu l’une des principales infrastructures d’accueil de la Caraïbe insulaire en l’espace d’une vingtaine d’années. Les nouveaux usages touristiques et récréatifs sont à l’origine d’une restructuration de l’économie locale. L’essor de la plaisance donne une nouvelle identité au lieu qui ressemble de plus à plus à une station touristique ouverte sur l’international. Le développement du port du Marin s’inscrit désormais dans les logiques régionale et internationale du monde la plaisance.
This paper studies the stages of the development of the port of Marin (Martinique). In the space of a score of years, the port became one of the principal places of reception of the sailing ships in the islands of the Caribbean Sea. The new tourist and recreation uses are at the origin of a reorganization of the local economy. The rise of navigation gives a new identity to the place which resembles moreover more one tourist station open on the international one. The development of the port of Marin fits from now on in logics regional and international of the world of the sailing.
Martinique
Marin

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.381
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/381

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Publibook
Résumé : International audience
The article explores the influence of capitalism on the ideology and the cultural aspects of the Rastafarian movement in the Caribbean and in North America. Record labels have had a strong influence on the spreading of Rastafarian faith and on the music that rose from the movement. In Jamaica, Rastafarianism is a powerful touristic magnet. Tourist coming to Jamaica and hoping to discover its roots are bringing tangible resources to the economy of the island. I'm looking into the impact of these economic forces on the movement in Jamaica. Finally, I focus on the evolution of the most significant aspect of the movement since it became international during the seventies.
L'essai examine l'impact de la logique capitaliste sur le mouvement rastafari. Nous considérons particulièrement l'influence des maisons de disque sur l'idéologie et la musique des artistes rasta. Le mouvement rastafari et le reggae exercent un attrait touristique for en faveur de la Jamaïque. Nous analysons les conséquences de ce phénomène sur la dynamique du rastafarisme sur l'île.
Lire, traduire, écrire la culture. A la croisée des Cultural Studies et des Postcolonial Studies

ISBN : 9782342042153
hal-01380193
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01380193